Vmware

SHIVA COMPUTERS # 101, REVATHI APPARTMENTS, BEHIND

HYD. Ph:9959562929,66848223. WWW.SHIVACOMPUTERS.NET

SHIVA COMPUTERSSHIVA COMPUTERSSHIVA COMPUTERSSHIVA COMPUTERS# 101, REVATHI APPARTMENTS, BEHIND

MAITRIVANAM, AMEERPET, HYD.

Ph:9959562929,66848223.

www.shivacomputers.net

VMWARE

VCENTER

SHIVA COMPUTERS # 101, REVATHI APPARTMENTS, BEHIND MAITRIVANAM, AMEERPET,


SHIVA COMPUTERSSHIVA COMPUTERSSHIVA COMPUTERSSHIVA COMPUTERS# 101, REVATHI APPARTMENTS, BEHIND


Ph:9959562929,66848223.

www.shivacomputers.net

VMWARE

VCENTER 5.0

MAITRIVANAM, AMEERPET,

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SHIVA COMPUTERSSHIVA COMPUTERSSHIVA COMPUTERSSHIVA COMPUTERS # 101, REVATHI APPARTMENTS, BEHIND




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INDEX

Lesson Topic Page No



LESSON 1: VCenter (VC)

• VCenter is Virtual Center

• It is used for centralized management of ESX servers

• VCenter is a software, that works on windows platform only

• One VCenter can manage 200 ESX

• Vmotion (hot migration), clustering, fault tolerance (FT) templates, host profiles, alarms, scheduled tasks,

plug-ins are possible with VC

• VSphere client is used to manage VCenter

VCenter Hierarchy

VCenter ��



LESSON 1: VCENTER INTRODUCTION

It is used for centralized management of ESX servers

VCenter is a software, that works on windows platform only

One VCenter can manage 200 ESX servers

Vmotion (hot migration), clustering, fault tolerance (FT) templates, host profiles, alarms, scheduled tasks,

VSphere client is used to manage VCenter

�� Data Center �� Cluster �� ESX Server �� VM


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INTRODUCTION

Vmotion (hot migration), clustering, fault tolerance (FT) templates, host profiles, alarms, scheduled tasks,



VCenter installation

• Database is required for VCenter

• Microsoft SQL 2005, 2008, Oracle 9i, 10g are supported

• MySQL is not supported at this moment

• Database can be a separate server or can be installed in the same server with VC

• Microsoft SQL 2005 express is free and comes with VCenter

5 ESX servers with 50 VMs

VCenter installation Types

VCenter installation is two types

• Standalone mode

o One VSphere client to manage one VCenter

• Linked mode

o One VSphere client to manage multiple VCenters



Database is required for VCenter

Microsoft SQL 2005, 2008, Oracle 9i, 10g are supported

MySQL is not supported at this moment

Database can be a separate server or can be installed in the same server with VCenter

Microsoft SQL 2005 express is free and comes with VCenter software by default. This database can support

One VSphere client to manage one VCenter

One VSphere client to manage multiple VCenters


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enter

software by default. This database can support



Installation screens




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LESSON 2: CLUSTERING

Clustering

• Clusters are used to group the ESX servers

• With clusters HA (Failover) and DRS (Load balancing) are possible

• In case of ESX failures, still VMs are available if they are moved to other ESX server

Mainly there are two components in clustering

• HA

o High Availability

o Used for Failover

• DRS

o Distributed Resource Scheduling

o Used for load balancing

HA (High Availability)

• HA is for Failover

• If any ESX is down, all VMs are moved to other ESX automatically

• There is a minimum downtime, since VM restarts



DRS (Distributed Resource Scheduling)

• DRS is for load balancing

• VMs are moved from one ESX to other ESX for load balancing

• VMs are not restarted during migration



VMs are moved from one ESX to other ESX for load balancing

VMs are not restarted during migration


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Migration Methods

• Manual

o Need to migrate manually

o VCenter gives suggestions

• Partially automated

o Auto migration at power on

o VCenter gives suggestions

• Fully automated

o Auto migration at power on and on

o VCenter doesn’t give any suggestions

Threshold points for migration

ESX takes the migration decisions based on these threshold points



Need to migrate manually

VCenter gives suggestions

Auto migration at power on

VCenter gives suggestions

Auto migration at power on and on-overload

VCenter doesn’t give any suggestions



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DPM (Distributed Power Management)

• DPM is used for power management and to save the power

• DPM works with DRS

• DPM is not supported in all Hardware

• With DPM, some VMs with low load on one ESX are moved to other ESX, so that ESX goes to sleep mode to

save the power

• Generally the load on VMs is low at weekends

DPM has 3 power modes

• OFF

• Manual

• Automatic



DPM (Distributed Power Management)

r power management and to save the power

supported in all Hardware

some VMs with low load on one ESX are moved to other ESX, so that ESX goes to sleep mode to

Generally the load on VMs is low at weekends


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some VMs with low load on one ESX are moved to other ESX, so that ESX goes to sleep mode to



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VCenter Interface

VCenter interface after installation

Creating a new Datacenter

To create a new datacenter



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Datacenter created (eg. HYD-DC)

Creating a new cluster (in datacenter)

To create a new cluster



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Specify name of cluster (eg. Testcluster)

Select cluster features (HA and DRS)



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Select automation level for migration (best level is fully automated)

Specify the power management method (DPM modes)



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Enable host monitoring

Configure admission control and admission control policy

Host failures cluster tolerates (default 1, maximum 4)

Percentage of cluster resources reserved (default 25%, maximum 50%)

Configure VM options



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Configure VM monitoring status and monitoring sensitivity (low, medium, high)

Configure EVC (Enhanced Vmotion Compatibility) for AMD hosts



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If Disabled: no compatibility for vmotion if hardware is different

If enabled: compatibility for vmotion even hardware is different

Configure EVC (Enhanced Vmotion Compatibility) for Intel Hosts

Vmotion is moving VM while the power is ON



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Configure swapfile policy for VMs

Shows summary information and Cluster is ready to complete



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A new cluster is created (eg. Testcluster)

VMWARE ESX servers can be added to this cluster

Adding Host (ESX server) to the cluster

Adding host (adding ESX server)



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Specify IP address and authorization (username and password)



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License key assignment

Choose the destination resource pool



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Displays summary information, the ESX is ready to be added to cluster

ESX server is added to cluster (eg. Shiva-esx1 / 172.16.0.1)

It also displays all the VMs created on that ESX



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LESSON 3: VCENTER HOME PAGE Inventory/Search

It is used to search for the objects in inventory



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Inventory/Hosts and Clusters

Displays VCenter Hierarchy (datacenters, clusters, hosts/ESX and VMs)



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Inventory/VMs and Templates



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Displays VMs and Templates

(Template is a prebuilt VM which is a standard to create VMs)

Inventory/Datastores



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Displays Datastores information. Generally these are SAN or NAS shared volumes

Inventory/Networking



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Displays network information (Vswitches, VM Port Group, VM Kernel Ports etc)

Administration/Roles



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Displays roles and permissions to access VCenter

Administration/Sessions



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Displays the current users logged into Vcenter. Shows all the sessions and their status

Administration/Licensing



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Displays the licensing information



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Administration/System Logs

Displays system logs



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Administration/VCenter Server Settings

VCenter Server Settings can be configured



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(Licensing, Statistics, Runtime settings, Active Directory, Mail, SNMP, Port, Timeout settings, logging options,

database, DB retention policy, SSL settings, advanced settings can be modified)

Administration/VCenter Service Status

Displays VCenter services and their status



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Management / Scheduled Tasks

Displays configured Scheduled tasks, Last run, Next run information



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Management / Events

Displays Events information



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Management / Maps



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Displays Maps. It’s a logical map that shows Virtual machine Resources

Management / Host Profiles



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Displays Host profiles

Host Profiles are ESX profiles. These are copied from one ESX and applied to other ESX to ensure the same

configuration (like Networking, Vswitches, and VM Port Groups etc)

Management / Customization Specifications Manager



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Displays customization specifications manager

Solutions and Applications / Guided consolidation



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Displays guided consolidation information.

Guided consolidation helps to check the confidence level of physical machine for P2V migration



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Solutions and Applications / Update Manager

Shows update manager administration

Update manager is available after installing the plug-in



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LESSON 4: VCENTER SERVER SETTINGS

To modify Vcenter server settings



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To modify Licensing settings

Statistics configuration

Runtime settings configuration



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Active directory settings

Mail settings (SMTP server, sender account configuration)

SNMP configuration



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Ports configuration

LESSON 5: VCENTER CONCEPTS

Vcenter concepts

• Alarms

• Scheduled Tasks

• Maintenance Mode

• Host Profiles

• Templates

• Fault Tolerance

• Migration

• Snapshots

• Plug-ins

o Guided consolidation

o Update manager

o Vcenter converter

• Dvswitch

Alarms

• Generates normal, warning, alert messages

• Triggers need to be configured to define when to generate alarms



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To add alarm

Specify name (eg. testalarm2) and alarm type

Add the triggers (matching condition to generate alarm)



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Trigger is added with threshold values (warning and alert)

Configure reporting settings

Add the action



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Action is added (eg. send a notification email – address specified)

Mail settings can be done in Vcenter server settings

Alarm is created (eg. testalarm2)



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Testalarm2 is added to definitions (some default alarms also there)

Scheduled Tasks

• To define scheduled tasks

To create a new scheduled task

Select the type of task (eg. create a virtual machine)



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VM configuration

Specify name of VM and inventory location

Select datacenter and cluster



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Select datastore

Select Guest OS type and Version

Specify Virtual Disk Size



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Specify scheduled task name (eg. testvm) and start time

Specify email address to send notification after task completion

Displays VM settings



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Scheduled task is created (eg. testvm)

Maintenance Mode

ESX server Maintenance Mode is used in managing some special operations and troubleshooting

VMs on ESX server do not work, if ESX is running in maintenance mode

To put ESX server in maintenance mode



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ESX server is in maintenance mode (eg. shiva-esx1)

ESX shows a different icon in maintenance mode

Host Profiles

• Host Profiles are ESX host profiles

• Host Profiles are available from ESX 4.0 onwards

• All ESX servers must have same properties like Network, VM Port Group, VLAN etc to ensure proper VM

operations (like VM migration, Fault tolerance etc)

• Take a profile of one ESX and apply it to all ESX servers

• Target ESX should be in maintenance mode while applying a profile

Taking a profile

• Select create profile from Host



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Create a host profile (creating profile from shiva-esx2)

Assign a name to that profile

Applying profile

• Put the ESX server in maintenance mode

• Manage profile

• Check compliance

• Apply profile



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ESX server has been put in Maintenance mode

Now manage profiles

Select the profile from the existing list of profiles (eg. superesx)



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Check compliance before applying the profile (compatibility between hosts)

Now apply profile (applying to shiva-esx1)

While applying profiles, Vswitches Service console IP address and VM Kernel Port IP addresses need to be changed

on target ESX server to avoid IP conflictions



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Change the IP addresses of SCP and VMKP when prompted

Displays the final changes that will be applied on the target Host

All the profile settings copied from source Host (eg. shiva-esx2) are applied to target Host (eg. shiva-esx1)

Now put the target host from maintenance mode to normal mode



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Templates

• Hot Cloning is supported in ESX

• Template is a prebuilt VM which is a standard to create VMs

• Template is used to create VMs only

• Templates can’t be powered on

• Create a template from VM

• Create a VM from template when required

Creating a new template

With convert to template option VM will be converted as a template (VM doesn’t exist after conversion)



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With clone to template option a new template will be created from VM (VM exists after cloning)

Specify template name (eg. new template)



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Select datacenter and cluster

Select datastore



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Select disk format (same as source/thin provisioning/thick provisioning)

Ready to create a template

New template is created (eg. New Template). Template has a different icon



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Creating a VM from template

With clone option a duplicate template can be created

With convert to virtual machine option, template will be converted as VM (no template after conversion)

Deploy virtual machine from this template option creates a new VM from template (template exist after conversion)



Fault Tolerance (FT)

• Fault Tolerance is ensuring VM services available eve

• FT feature is available from ESX 4.0 onwards

• FT feature creates a duplicate VM on other ESX in the cluster

• If ESX goes down, VM is still available from other ESX

• FT ensures a duplicate VM on other ESX server

• FT enabled VMs icons are thick in color

FT Prerequisites

• HA must be configured in the cluster level

• VM must have 1 CPU

• VM HDD should be thick provisioning

• Enable FT logging at VM Kernel Port

Enabling FT

Configure HA in the cluster level. Ensure VM has thick HDD and only one CPU



VM services available even it goes down

FT feature is available from ESX 4.0 onwards

creates a duplicate VM on other ESX in the cluster

If ESX goes down, VM is still available from other ESX

other ESX server all the time

VMs icons are thick in color

HA must be configured in the cluster level

provisioning

Enable FT logging at VM Kernel Port level

. Ensure VM has thick HDD and only one CPU. Enable FT logging also


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. Enable FT logging also



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Vmotion and FT logging are enabled

Turn on Fault Tolerance feature for VM (eg. sales)

Confirmation to enable FT



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Sales VM is enabled with FT

FT enabled VM’s icon is thick in color

Migration

Migration is relocating a VM from one ESX to other ESX

Migration is two types

• Cold Migration

o Migration in power off state

• Hot Migration

o Migration in power on state

o Also called as VMotion

Migration Methods

• Change Host

o Only changing ESX

o Happens in Power on /off state of VM

o Cold and Hot migration

o Possible if the datastore is shared storage (SAN/NAS)

• Change Datastore

o Only changing datastore

o Happens in power on / off state of VM

o Cold and Hot migration

• Change both

o Changing both ESX and Datastore

o Happens only in power off state of VM

o Cold migration





To migrate a VM to another ESX


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Select the migration type

Select the destination ESX in the cluster

Select the datastore



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Select disk format

Displays summary information

VM migration is in progress (eg. New vm 1 is being relocated)

Snap Shots

With snapshots, the VM can be restored back to earlier state (at which snap shot is already taken)



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To take a snapshot of VM at current state

Displays current snapshots (eg. snapshot for New vm 1)

DvSwitch



• Distributed Virtual Switch

• Dvswitch is available from ESX 4.0 onwards

• Dvswitch is datacenter level switch

• Dvswitch is used for centralized management of networking

• No of Ports in a DV Port group can be changed

• Port group is associated with a VLAN id



Dvswitch is available from ESX 4.0 onwards

Dvswitch is datacenter level switch ( Vswitch is ESX level switch)

Dvswitch is used for centralized management of networking

Ports in a DV Port group can be changed

Port group is associated with a VLAN id

To access networking page


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To create a new Dvswitch

Specify the name and number of dvUplink ports (eg. shiva-dv-switch with 8 ports)

Add hosts and physical adapters



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Displays summary information with preview

A Dvswitch is created with uplink group (eg. shiva-dv-switch with shiva-dv-switch-DVUplinks-777)

To add a new port group to Dvswitch



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Specify DV Port group name, number of ports and VLAN type (eg. shiva-dv-port-group with 128 ports)

Displays summary information

DV Port group is created (eg. shiva-dv-port-group)

Vmware

Technology

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