VM_Conflict Management in Protected Areas Private Forests in National Park Djerdap Nr.1.

Brasov, 17.10.2008. Brasov, 17.10.2008.

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN PPROTECTED ROTECTED AAREAS: REAS:

PRIVATE FORESTS IN NATIONAL PRIVATE FORESTS IN NATIONAL PARK DJERDAPPARK DJERDAP

Vojislav Milijić, Vojislav Milijić, PhD candidatePhD candidate, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade University, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade University

Ivana Grujičić, Ivana Grujičić, MSc candidateMSc candidate, Alpen-Adria Universitat Klagenfurt, Alpen-Adria Universitat Klagenfurt

Nikola Stamenkovski, Nikola Stamenkovski, BsC studentBsC student, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade University, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade University

Scientific SScientific Symposium: Forest and Sustainable ymposium: Forest and Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment

ContentContent

1. 1. IntroductionIntroduction

2. 2. MethodologyMethodology

3. 3. ResultsResults

4. 4. ConclusionsConclusions

1. Introduction1. Introduction

PA cover 6.31 % of the State territory.

Over 65 % of PA are forests and forestland

Private forests - 15 % of the State territory

35 % of all forests in PA are private

Protection regimes consist of a group of measures, which determine the means, and level of protection, use, management and improvement of the protected areas (1st, 2nd and 3rd degree of protection)

1. Introduction1. Introduction

The National Park Djerdap is one of the five Serbian national parks

Located in Northeastern part of the country

Total area of national park is 63,608 ha, and 70 % is covered with forests

Private forests cover 17 % of total forestland.

Forests in NP are managed by Public Enterprise of National park

PE NP conduct professional and technical tasks in private forests in NP area:

- issuing licenses for logging to forest owners, - tree marking in private forests,

- issuing timber and fuel wood transport licenses for forest owners, - organizing activities on forest protection in private forests.

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction

By declaring a PA, it is inevitable to put private forest property within it under certain protection regime.

Management of private forests within protected areas must be adjusted with nature protection measures.

In most cases this mean limited or prohibited utilization.

But PF represent to owners a significant source of incomes

Nature protection measures can put forest owners in a position of passive observers of their own properties and conflicts of PFO and NPr measures.

The objective is to present the results of a research conducted with PFO from the NP of Djerdap and to analyze their role in PA framework and their relations with NP administration: owners’ attitudes toward existing and potential conflicts with nature protection regime and their propensity to represent their own interests.

2. Methodology2. Methodology

Interview survey

Questionnaires complied mainly with structured and fixed responded questions

Variables inside economic, institutional, silvicultural and sociological aspect

To test main hypothesis related to conflict issues and propensity of PFO to represent their own interests.

2. Methodology2. Methodology

Sample design - the proportion method (Malhotra, 2007).

the assumption that 80 % of PFO living in the NP area use their forest properties.

they may have been in the position of experiencing certain conflict issues with nature protection regime (π).

level of confidence (z) 1.036

level of precision (D) 0.05,

according to the formula (Malhotra, 2007): n = π (1 – π) z² / D²

sample size (n) of 70 respondents was determined

door-to-door survey – only possible for accessing PFO in the area!

3. Results3. Results

52,9%

41,4%

5,7%

0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0%

Not at allOcasionally Every year

Chart 1. Harvesting in forest properties


80 % of respondents do not know at all, or know very a little about existing regulations related to private forests

around 82 % responded equally about legislation related to National parks.

15,7%

10,0%

45,7%

10,0%

18,6%

0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0%

Not at allLitleDon't knowMuchVery much

Chart 2. Restrictiveness of regulations related to private forests


Chart 3. Restrictiveness of regulations related to nature protection

5,7%

7,1%

65,8%

14,3%

7,1%

0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0% 70,0%


More than 85 % of the respondents do not know or know just a little about existing nature protection regulations


Chart 4. Most pressing regulations for forest owners

25,7%

21,4%

40,0%

7,1%

7,1%

7,1%

40,0%

0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0%

Nothing

Other

Timber transport licence

Management plan

Tree marking by forestauthority before felling

Permission forharvesting

Prescription to pay leviesfor timber harvests

Multiple answers allowed


Chart 5. Regulations that cause conflicts with National park administration

5,7%

7,1%

27,1%

1,4%

5,7%

4,3%

2,9%

57,1%

0,0% 20,0% 40,0% 60,0%

There are no conflicts

Other

Compensations

Timber transportlicence

Management plan

Tree marking by forestauthority before felling

Permission forharvesting

Prescription to paylevies for timberharvests

Only 5.7 % received a compensation for limited/prohibited usage of their forest properties 75 % of those received compensation in fuel wood and timber, and 25 % received financial compensation.


20 % consider that PFO with properties outside of NP have some advantages compared to the owners inside 29 % claim that owners outside the NP area do not have any advantages. 50 % gave “I do not know” respond to the question.

20,0%

27,1%

22,9%

8,6%

21,4%

0,0% 5,0% 10,0% 15,0% 20,0% 25,0% 30,0%

Not at all

LitleDon't know

MuchVery much

Chart 6. Missing of the forest owners’ interest organization


Chart 7. Readiness to engage in establishing interest association of PFO

15,7%

20,0%

25,7%

12,9%

25,7%

0,0% 5,0% 10,0% 15,0% 20,0% 25,0% 30,0%


4. Conclusions4. Conclusions

Significant percent of active forest owners

Most PFO are not/very little familiar with existing regulations related to private forests, national parks and nature protection

possibility for conflicts with nature protection regime increases

need for a model, which will adjust private forest management and declared protection measures

The model should ensure that both economic interest of the owners and the interest of the State for nature protection are satisfied.

by declaring an area as protected State must provide such management over the protected area that will not restrict legal owner rights, or to provide an adequate compensation for prohibited or limited usage


Only a small share of PFO encounter the conflicts with NP administration over the compensation issues

= the administration has found an adequate mechanism for compensation procurement

or

= for avoiding potential conflicts.

or

= forest owners still do not recognize that they have a right for compensation procurement.


Forest owners within National park are more pressed with general regulations related to private forests, than with specific regulations related to nature protection.

The largest portion of conflicts with National park administration emerges because of private forest regulations, in most cases because of the obligatory tree marking before felling by a forest authority and in significant portion because of obligation to pay levies for harvesting.

This can indicate that the restriction of usage of private good represents a general problem, which is prevailing the borders of protected areas.

Owners with properties outside the protected area do not have any advantages compared to them regarding management of their forests, even though, there are no protection measures declared.


Interest organizing of private forest owners in Serbia is in initial phase

Organizing of forest owners in the protected areas can lead to definition of forest management planning policy and improvement of relations between forest owners, state administration and administrators of protected areas.

Mutual activities of State administration and forest owners’ associations can lead to the state in which owners can ensure their legal ownership rights, and manage their properties in sustainable manner.

A significant share of forest owners from the area of the National park recognizes advantages of interest organizing of forest owners.

Large share of them is prepared to be actively engaged in formation and work of interest forest owners’ association.

Still there are no initiatives for establishing such organization in the area of National park Djerdap.

Thank you for your Thank you for your attention! attention!

[email protected]@yahoo.com [email protected]

VM_Conflict Management in Protected Areas Private Forests in National Park Djerdap Nr.1.

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