vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k lLa Ñrh Harshwardhan ... · fnlrkr- ekuoh lH;rps k ‘k¨/k ?¨rk...

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 01 02

Harshwardhan Publication Pvt.Ltd.Limbaganesh, Dist. Beed, Pin-431126Mobi. 09850203295, 07588057695

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYklekt vkf.k laLÑrh

vtht jf’kn rMoh

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vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh

© vtht jf’kn rMoh

Publisher :Harshwardhan Publication Pvt.Ltd.Limbaganesh, Dist. Beed (Maharashtra)Pin-431126, [email protected]

Printed by :Harshwardhan Publication Pvt.Ltd.Limbaganesh, Dist. Beed, Pin-431126

Page design & Cover :Shaikh Jahurodden

Edition: Dec. 2016

ISBN 978-93-85882-17-3

Price : 250/ -

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh

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03 04

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh

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vkfnoklh rMoh lekt \

rMoh Eg.kts d¨.k o rMoh Hkk”kk\bloh lu 3000 rs 4000 ik”k.k ;qxkiklwu vkfnoklhps

iqjkos gs la’k /kdkauk feGkY¨ vkgsr- vkfnoklh fÒYYk ;kps ns[khYkcjsp iqjkos gs feGkY¨ vlwu vkt cjsp vH;klde] la’k /kd]ekuo oa’k ‘kkóK R;kpk laiw.kZ i.¨ l[kŸk vH;kl djrkaukfnlrkr- ekuoh lH;rspk ‘k¨/k ?¨rk ekuokP;k iqoZtkpk tUe gkvkfÝdsrhYk taxYkkr nj~;k [k¨j~;kr >kYŸkk vlwu vls MªkfoZuP;kfl/nkarkuqlkj okVrs- vkfnoklh fÒYYk o rMoh fÒYYk ;kapk vki.k;k iqLrdkpk l[kŸki.¨ vH;kl dj.kkj vkg¨r-

vkfnoklh fÒYYk o rMoh fÒYYkkP;k laLÑrhph v¨G[kvki.k dj.kkj vkg¨r- vkfnoklh gs ;k Òkjr ns’kkrhYk vfrÁkfpulH;rk /kkj.k dsYŸ¨ ekuox.k rlsp ekuoh leqg vlYŸkk lektvkgs- ÒkjrkrhYk ifgY¨ ekuox.k Eg.kwu vkfnoklh fÒYYk o rMohfÒYYk gs v¨G[kY¨ tkrkr- R;kpÁek.¨ vkfn dkGkiklwu T;kaP;k ;k

vuqØef.kdk

1 vkfnoklh rMoh lekt \ rMoh Eg.kts d¨.k o

rMoh Hkk”kk\rMoh fHkYy jkts] fHkYy dzkarhdkjd 06

2 rMoh] fÒYYkkP;k i¨V tekrh o mi i¨V tkrh 52

3 vkfnoklh rMoh dqY¨ o dqYkÁfrdokn 93

4 vkfnoklh rMoh fookg 103

5 rMohph ckjdjh lekt iapk;r 120

6 rMohph xqIrÒk”kk taxYkh ,d ‘k¨/k 125

7 vkfnoklh rMohph ;qokxg 142

8 vkfnoklh rMoh Yk¨dEg.kh o Yk¨dxhrs % 148

9 vkfnoklh rMoh lektkoj lqQh larkpk ÁÒko 172

10 vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkapk lekt] Yk¨duR; 183

lanÒZ lwph 197

05 06

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrhlkekftd o jktdh; fjrhfjokts Ákekf.kdi.¨ ikYku dj.kkj~;k,dftulh lewgkyk vkfnoklh lekt vls Eg.krkr-

5½ ekÖ;k erkÁek.¨ vkfnoklh gs fof’k”V Òw&Áns’kkrhYkjkg.kkjs ,d leku cŸkhÒk”kk cŸk.kkjs o R;k O;frfjä ,d vkiYkhxqIr cŸkh Òk”¨pk okij dj.kkjs o ,dkp iqo±tk iklwu mRiÙkh >kYŸ¨jä laca/k vlYŸ;k lkekftd leqgYkk vkfnoklh lekt vlsEg.krkr-

6½ c¨xkMZlP;k ers] lqjf{krrsph t:jh] jä laca/kkps ca/k]leku /keZ ;koj vkfnoklh leqg vk/kkjYŸkk g¨rk-

7½ Mh-,u- etqenkj ;kauk vkfnoklhps oSf’k”Vkaoj Ádk’k>¨rikMYkk dh rs Eg.krkr leku uko vl.kkjk] ,dkp Áns’kkoj okLrO;dj.kkjk] ,dpa Òk”kk cŸk.kkjk o fookg] O;olk;] bR;knh ckcrlekt fu”¨/kh fu;ekaps ikYku dj.kkjk o ijLij mÙkjnkf;Ro fuekZ.kdj.;kP;k n”Vhus ,d i/nr’khj O;oLFkk Lohdkj.kkj~;k dqVqackps fdaokdqVqac leqgkaps ,d«khdj.k Eg.kts vkfnoklh lekt g¨;-vkfnoklh lektkph Áeq[k oSf’k”Vs %

1½ M¨xjkr nqxZe Òkxkar rs okLrO; djhr vlrkr-2½ dkgh vkfnoklh tekrh ák ÒVD;k vlrkr rjh lq/nk

rs R;kp ÒkxkYkk Áns’kkYkk vkiY¨ls djhr vlrkr-3½ ,d leku cŸkhÒk”kk rs cŸkrkr rlsp vkiY;k laLÑrhP;k

j{k.kk djuk rlsp pYkuoYkukdjrk rs xqIr o lkadsfrdcŸkhpk okijdjrkr-

4½ Òk”kk gh cksYkhÒk”kkp vlákus vkfnoklh Òk”Ÿkk fYkihukgh- R;keqGs R;kps e©f[kd lkfgR; e¨B;k Áek.kkr vlwugh rsfYkfic/n ukgh- R;kaph Yk¨dxhrs] Yk¨ddFkk] Eg.kh] okDpÁpkj] uR;s]m[kk.¨] d¨Vh gs rs r aMh Lo:ikrp ,dk fi<hiklwu nqL;k fi<h IkkosrksgLrkarjhr dsY¨ tkrs- ijarq vYkhdMs gs e©f[kd lkfgR;R;k vkfne

Òwehr jfgokl vkgs- ts vkfn dkGkiklwu rs vktrkxk;r ;kÒwehr jkgrkr rlsp ,dp leku rMoh cŸkh Òk”kk rs cŸkrkr-rlsp fof’k”V Òw&Áns’kkr okLrO; dj.kkj~;k o ,dkp iqoZtkiklwutUeYŸ;k o mRiÙkh >kYŸ¨ jälaca/k vlYŸ;k lkekftd leqgkYkkvkfnoklh rMoh lekt rlsp vkfnoklh lekt vls Eg.krkr-

fjlY ] YkWLlh] ,fYou] fxzxlu] ,-Ogh-Bôj ;kauh ;k taxYkkrhYkeqGps jfgoklÈuk vxnh Ákphu fdaok vxnh eqGps jfgoklh EgVY¨vkgs- gVuus R;kauk vkfne vxj vkfnoklh vls EgVY¨ vkgs- rlspdkgh ekuo ‘kkóKkauh r vH;kldkauh vkfne lektkP;k dsYŸ;kO;k[;k fopkjkr ?¨.¨ vko’;d vkgs-

1½ MCYkq ts- isjh Eg.krkr dh] leku cŸkhÒk”kk cŸk.kkj~;ko ,dkp eukl ÒwÁns’kkoj okLrO; dj.kkj~;k leqgYkk vkfne lektvls Eg.krkr-

2½ MkW-fjOglZ Eg.krkr dh] T;k leqgakrhYk lnL; ,d lektcŸkhÒk”kk cŸkrkr] ;q/n oxSjs lkj[;k mfÌ”ViqrÊ djhrk ,d göwu>Vrkr v’kk ljG o lk/;k lkekftd leqgYkk vkfnoklh lektvls Eg.krkr-

3½ baihfj;Yk xW>sV e/;s vkfnoklhph O;k[;k ;s.¨ Áek.¨vkgs] leku cŸkhÒk”kk cŸk.kkj ] ,dpk Òw Áns’kkoj jkg.kkj~;klq:okrhYkk vafrfoZokg vl.;kph ‘kD;rk vlYŸkk i.k loZlkekU;i.¨varfoZokg ulYŸ;k o leku uko /kkj.k dj.kkj~;k dqVqackP;k leqPp;kYkkvkfnoklh lekt vls Eg.krkr-

4½ b-l-1962 lkYkh f’kYkk¡xe/;s vkfnoklh lferhP;kifj”knsus vkfnoklhph O;k[;k ;s.¨ Áek.¨ dsYkh vkgs dh] ,dk lektÒk”¨pk okij djjkj~;k ,dpk iqoZtkiklwu mRiÙkh lkax.kkjk] ,dkfof’k”V Òw Áns’kkr okLrO; dj.kkj~;k] ra«k’kkóh; KkukP;k n“VhusekxklYŸkk] v{kj v¨G[k ulYŸ;k o lä laca/kkoj vk/kkfjr]

07 08

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrhtltlk iq<s ljdq YkkxYkk rlrlk vkfnoklhps thouekukrcÌYkgöw YkkxY - nxM YkkdMkaiklwu r¨ votkjs cuow YkkxYkk- R;kYkkvkxhpk ‘k¨/k] Kku ÁkIr >kY¨- vXuh Át¨r dj.¨ R;kYkk xolY¨-

rlsp r¨ fulZxkrhYkYkgku e¨BÓkk Ák.;kph f’kdkj d:YkkxYkk o vé brj inkFkZ r¨ f’ktowu [kkow YkkxYkk v’kk Ádkjs rïq<s eklkgkjh cuYkk- ijarq thou txrkauk R;kus vkiY¨ ‘kkdkgjhinkFkkZpk mi;¨x r¨ usgehÁek.¨ djrp jkfgYkk- vkfnoklh fÒYYkrMoh gh M axjnj~;kr dikjhr jkg.kkjh ,d vkfne tekr vkgs-vkfnoklh gs YkkdMk iklwu rlsp Yk¨[kMkaiklwu o brj /kkrqpk mi;kxdju R;kaus ‘kó o votkjs fuekZ.k dsYkh- /kuq”; ck.k o rhj gsvkfnoklh fÒYYkkps o rMohps Áeq[k o ikjaikjhd ‘kó vlwu rs R;kapslaLÑrhps v¨G[k n’kZfo.kkjs o thou ekukrhYk vfoÒkT; ?kVdvkgs- vkfnoklh fÒYYk o rMoh fÒYYk gs ‘kókP;k lgk~;kus o brjlk/kukpk mi;¨x d#u eklsekjh] gjh.k] llk o brj Ák.;kph r¨f’kdkj d#u mnjfuZokg gk djr g¨rk-vkfnoklh fÒYYkkph fÒYYkh rlsp vkfnoklh rMohps rMoh cŸkhÒk”¨ph mxekoLFkk %

Òk”kk Eg.kts fopkj] Òkouk] vuqÒo o dYiuk O;ä dj.;kpsÁeq[k lk/ku vkgs- Òk”kk eq[;Rosd#u 4 Ádkjps vkgs-

1½ LokÒkfod fdaok uSlfxZd ¼fulxZ cŸkh½2½ Ñf«ke fdaok lkadsfrd3½ nsgcŸkh4½ ekrcŸkh¼1½ i’kq i{;kP;k o Ák.;kaP;k txkr M¨dkoY¨ rj fnlqu ;srs

dh] fpe.kh fpofpo djrs- dkoGk dkodko djr - xk;] EgSlgacjrs- flag] ok?k] xtZuk djrkr- ?k Mk f[kdkGr - gs i{khi’kq tukojslq/nk vkiY¨ eukrhYk x¨”Vh O;ä dj.;klkBh fofo/k /ouh] ukn]

cŸkhÒk”¨r Y¨[kd] la’k¨/kdkP;k Á;RukeqGs fYkfic/n g¨r vkgs gsLokxrkZg ikÅYk vkgs-

5½ vkfnoklh lekt gk brj laLÑrhis{kk osxGk vkgs- R;kpspkfYkfjrh] :<h] ijaijk] Òkoh gs osxGs vkgs- R;kps lkaLÑfrdthoueku ,d leku vkgs-

6½ vkfnoklh lekt ioZtiwtk] nsoiwtk o fulxZiwtk djrkr]vkfnoklh lektkP;k ;k /keZJ/nsus R;kaps thoufo”k;d n“Vhdüfuf’pr vkYŸkk vlr¨ ;kr ‘kadk ukgh-

7½ dkgh vkfne lektkr /kkfeZd pYku oYku gs dqGkpkjkÁek.¨djrkr] YkXu l¨;jhd bR;knh laaca/k gs dqGkpkjkoj vk/kkjhr vlrkr]R;kapsoj brj laLÑrhpk ÁÒko vlrk rjh R;kauk vkiY;k vkfnelaLÑrhpk LokfÒeku vlr¨ R;kps ikYku djr vlrkr-

8½ vkfnoklh lektkph ,dp iqoZtkiklwu vkiYkh vkiÙkh>kYkh gk R;kpk nq<fo’okl vlr¨- vkiYkk iqoZt ,d vkgs ghÒkouk vlY;kus o jäklaca/kh ckf/kYk dh tïklYkh xsY;kus R;kapsr,sdesdkacÌYk foYk{k.k Áse vkiqYkdh o lgpk;Z gs fuekZ.k >kYŸ¨vlrs-

Tkhoukph lq:okr gh vkfnoklh laLÑrhrqu iq<s mn;kl ;sowu,d uohu fn’kk ns.¨ps dke ;k laLÑrhus dsYŸ¨ vkgs- vkfnoklh gslkaLÑfrdnq”VÓkk laié g¨r- ladze.k dkGkrqu iq<s tkr vlrkaukvkfnoklh fÒYYk o rMoh fÒYYkkae/;s dkYkkarjkus cnYk gksr xsY¨vkgs- gs ns[khYk ukdkjrk ;sow ‘kdr ukgh- lq:okrhl m?kMs ukaxMsfQj.kkjk Lor%ps ‘kfjjkps vaxj{k.k dj.;kdjhrk tukojkaP;k dkrMhpko >kMs >qMikP;k lkYkh] ikus bR;knhpk mi;¨x r¨ djr vls-vkfnoklh ;kaps i¨V Òj.;kps ifgY¨ [kk| inkFkZ gs ‘kkdkgkjh g¨rs-lq:okrhl vkfnoklh gs fofo/k QGs daneqGs o brj uSlfxZd lk/kulkeqxzhpk mi;¨x gk nSufnu mi;¨xkr djr vls gGwgGw dkG

09 10

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrhv’kk vkfne cŸkh Òk”kk ÁpfYkr vkgsr- ;kauk ;k vkfnekphekrcŸkh Òk”kk Eg.krkr-

7½ vkfnoklh T;k ifjokjkr tUe ?¨rkr rlsp T;k ?kjkrcŸkYkh tk.kkjh th cŸkh Òk”kk vlrs rh R;k O;ähph ekrcŸkh Òk”kkg¨;- ckYki.kkiklwu vkbZ]oMhYk] vkth] vkt¨ck bR;knhps cŸk.¨,Sdq.k O;äh vuqdj.k djr iq<s iq<s gGqgGq R;kl rh Òk”kk voxrg¨rs rh R;kph ekrÒk”kk g¨;-

vkfnoklh thoukekukr Òk”kk cŸkh ák d’kk fuekZ.k >kY;k;kpk vki.k iquZ% vk<ko ?öwu dkgh fopkj uO;kus ekaM.;kpk Á;Rud: ;k-

vkfnoklh fÒYYk rlsp vkfnoklh rMoh gs T;k dkGkrthou txr g¨rs rlsp ,sdesdkaps fopkjkaps o Ñrhps vuq”kaxkus R;kaukÒk”¨ph furkar vko’;drk tk.kow YkkxYkh Òklw YkkxYkh r¨ vkiY¨Òko Òkouk O;ä dj.;kl /kMiM d: YkkxYkk- gkrkaps iaT;kaps[kq.kkauh gkrokjs d:u rlsp M¨G;kaps o varxZr :ikus r¨ vkiY;kÒkouk lkax.;kpk Á;Ru d: YkkxYkk- dnkfpr txkph rlsp ekuokphifgYkh Òk”kk v’kk Ádkjs mn;kl o fuekZ.k >kYŸkh vlkoh- v’kkÁdkjs vkfnoklh fÒYYkkauh Òk”¨ph fufeZrhl ÁkjaÒ dsYkk- ÒkjrkrhYkvkfnoklh fÒYkkauh v’kkÁdkjs thou O;ogkjk djhrk vkiYkh ÁFkecŸkh Òk”kk fÒYYkh Òk”¨ph fufeZrh dsYkh rlsp rMoÈuh rMoh Òk”¨phfufeZrh gh dsYŸkh vkgs- M axj njj;kr jkg.kkjh o thou txrkaukvkfnoklh fufj{k.k {kerk dqrqgYk o c©/nhd dqor ok<r xsYkh- ;kpkifj.kke vlk >kYkk dh fulxkZrhYk fofo/k i{kh]Ák.kh] tukojs oR;kps r aMkrqu fu?k.kkjs fofo/k Ádkjkaps vkokt]’kCnukn gsr¨ rkl¨rkl,Sdq YkkxYkk- fufj{k.k d: YkkxYkk- ekdMkP;k r aMkrqu fofo/k le;hfu?k.kkjs vkokt] flag] ok?k o brj fgó Ák.kh T;kosGh ;srkr R;kosGhfofo/k le;h fu?k.kkjs vkokt R;kosGh Ykgku Ák.kh gs ladVkph

vkokt dk<rkr- rh i’kqi{;kph Òk”kkp vlrs- rhl vki.k fulxZcŸkh vls Eg.kr¨-

2½ vkfne tekrhP;k laLÑrhps tru lao/kZu o laj{k.k ;kdkj.kkLro ;k Ñf«ke fdaok lkadsfrd Òk”¨ph fufeZrh >kYkh vkgs-

3½ vkfnoklh rMohph mnkgj.k ?¨rk- rMoh ;k tekrhr,dk lkadsfrd xqIr cŸkh Òk”kk vkgs rhl taxYkh rMoh Òk”kk vlsEg.krkr- ;k taxYkh cŸkh Òk”¨r fof’k”V ‘kCnjpuk o okD; vlrkrrs brjkauk iw.kZrk% vukdYkuh; rj vlrkrp rlsp rs xqIr lans’kkphokgdgh vlrs

4½ taxYkh lkadsfrd cŸkhr i{kh] Ák.kh] QqY¨] QGs] tukojkapsÁk.;kaps fofo/k vkoktkpk rlsp jk«khP;k osGh taxYkkrhYk fof’k”VÁk.;kpk] jkrdhMÓakkpk] fu’kkpkj Ák.;kapk ‘kCnukn d#u lans’k xqIrLo#ikr lkadsfrd #ikr dGfo.;kr ;srkr-

5½ nsgcŸkhr vFkkZrp taxYkh cŸkhr Ákeq[;us ‘kjhjkpkvaxfo{ïkpk mi;¨x dsYkk tkr¨- mnk-ÒqobZpk mi;¨x gk nsgcŸkhrdsYkk tkr¨- v’kkÁdkjs fofo/k vkfnoklh vkfne tekrhr osxosxG;kÁdkjP;k xqIrcŸkh] nsgcŸkh] lkadsfrd cŸkh cj¨cjp Áeq[k ekrcŸkhth nSuafnu O;ogkjkdjrk mi;¨xkr vk.krkr- ;kr dkgh tekrhpsxqIrkcŸkh ;s.¨ Áek.¨ vkgsr-

1½ rMoh & taxYkh2½ jktiqr ÒkeVh & Mkxqjh3½ ekax vacqth4½ fÒYYk ikjlh

6½ fofo/k vkfnoklh tekrhr fofo/k cksYkhÒk”kk gk izpfYkr vkgsr-mnkr vkfnoklh fÒYYk th Òk”kk cksYkrkr rhl fÒYYkh fdaok fÒYk¨jhv’kh cŸkhÒk”kk Eg.krkr- rlsp rMoh th Òk”kk cŸkrkr rhl rMohvls Eg.krkr dŸkkekph dŸkkeh x aMkph x aMh rlsp ikojkph ikojh

11 12

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 13 14osxGh v¨G[k fuekZ.k dj.kkjh lkriqMÓrhYk rMoh fÒYYkkph rMohÒk”kk gh v’khp ,d Lora«k Òk”kk vkgs- ;k Òk”¨ps ,d vkiYkaoSf’k”Vs vkgs- xzkeh.k lkt o x¨Gok rlsp mPpkj.kkpk Ykgstkfjrvkgs-i/nr vkgs- cÿ.;kph vusd NVk o fofo/krk vkgs- ;kÒk”¨rqu rMoh ;k vkfnoklh tekrhps varjeukpk os/k ?¨.kkjh gh,d ukfoU;iq.kZ Òk”kk vkgs- mPpkj.¨ph ,d osxGh i/nr o xzkE;Bsdk vkgs- lok±ps iVdu Yk{k osnwu ?öwu vkfnoklhps thoukekukphgh Òk”kk Áfrd g¨;- rMoh ;k Òk”öj eqaMk] rfeG] dkuMh] r¨Mk]usekMh vjch bR;knh Òk”¨pk Fk¨MkQkj Áek.kkr ÁÒko gk tk.kor¨-

/ouh mPpkj.;kph ‘käh t’kh uSlfxZd vkgs r’kh ‘kCnjpuko okD;jpuk gh uSlfxZd ukgh- ‘kCnjpuk o okD;jpuk o fofo/krkgh uSlfxZd ukgh- rh euq”;Ñr vkgs- ;kr fufj{k.k vuqÒo rdZ’käh]oSpkfjd {kersrqu fuekZ.k >kYŸ¨ fopkjeaFku ;kpkgh okVk egRokpkvkgs- ;k erkae/;s ‘kCnjpuk o okD;jpuk gh fujarj vdYku ‘kähpso ladYku i/nrhuq:Ik o thoukÒkousrwu gGqgGq fuekZ.k >kYkh- v’kki/nrhus fulZxkrhYk Ák.kh] i{kh o brj uSlfxZd ?kVdkapk /ouh] ukn]vkokt thouO;ogkj] tx.;kP;k lo;h o [kk.¨fi.¨ bR;knh laiw.kZtxkr lkj[¨p vk<Gwu ;sr ukgh- ;kpk ns[khYk fopkj dj.¨ xjtspsvkgs- txkrhYk vkfnoklhpk fopkj dsY;kl v’kh osxosxGh Òk”khfÒérkd’kh fuekZ.k >kYkh R;k ekxph dkj.k feaeklk d¨.krh bR;knh ckcrhrns[khYk fopkjeaFku g¨.¨ xjtsps vkgs- txkrhYk rlsp ÒkjrkrhYkifgY¨ eukox.k vFkkZr vkfnoklh tekrhus ifgYkh ÒkoÒkoukapsvknkuÁnkukdjhrk loZÁFke Òk”¨ph fueZrh dsYkh vlkoh ;kckcrhrlekt’kkóK o ekuoa’k ‘kkóK foOnkukae/;s er fÒérk vkgs- Òk”kkd’kh fuekZ.k >kYkh o rh d¨.kh dsYkh o d¨.kR;k Áns’kkr tUekYkkvkYkh ;kckcrhr vusd erÁokg vlwu vktrjh vkeps toG ;kapslcG vls Li”Vhdj.k djrk ;s.¨t¨xs ukgh- ;kps lek/kkudkjd mÙkj

iwoZlwpuk gs vkiY;k lgdkjh Ák.;kauk fof’k”V Ádkjpk /ouhvkokt dk<wu nsrkr- ;k Ádkjps fufj{k.kkrquvkfnoklh gk laØe.kdkGkr lq:okrhl f’kdr xsYkk o R;kph vkdYku {kerk ok<rxsYkh- ;kpk mi;¨x cŸkh Òk”kk fuekZ.k g¨.¨l mi;¨xh >kYkh vlYkhvls ek>s er vkgs-

v’kk Ádkjs vkfnoklh gs uSlfxZd ifjfLFkhpk eqdkcYkk djrkdjrk o thou txr vlrkauk tkr vlrkauk vkfnoklh fÒYYkkauhÁFker% Lor%P;k thoulj.khrqu o fufj{k.k ‘kähus o dqorhP;klgk;kus Lor%ph fÒYYkh fÒYk jh Òk”¨ph rlsp rMoh Òk”¨ph fufeZrhgh rMoh fÒYYkkauh djk;Ykk lq:okrh dsYkh- iq<s rh iq.kZRokl vkYkhcŸk.;kbrir iq<kjYkh o iq<s ,d l{ke thou O;ogk;Z o laLÑrhj{k.kkph Òk”kk Eg.kwu gh cŸkhps vfLrRo fuekZ.k dj.;kr vkY¨- ek«kR;kph ÁFke gkoÒkokph nsgcŸkh o lkadsfrd cŸkh o fÒYYkkaph]ikjlho rMohph taxYkh rMoh ;k cŸkhÒk”kk uarj xqIr Bso.;kr vkY;k-taxYkh ikjlh pk mi;¨xh gh tekr ladVle;h rFkk laLÑrh laj{k.krlsp ifjfLrrhuq:I dkGkr rs d: YkkxY¨r- ;kr ‘kadk ukgh gs ghuewn djko;kl okVrs-

v’kk Ádkjs vkfnoklh fÒYYkkaph o rMoh fÒYYkkph fÒYYkho rMoh cŸkhÒk”kk fuekZ.k >kYkh- fÒYYkh o rMoh Òk”¨pk ekxök?¨rY;kl ÒkjrkrhYk vfrÁkfpu cŸkh Òk”kk Eg.kwu ;k Òk”kk v¨G[kY;ktkrkr- ;kaps iqjkos Ákfpu xzaFkkr]Yk dokM~e;kr] larokM~ e;kr rlspe©f[kd Yk¨lkfgR;kr feGrkr- b-l-oh lu 2000 rs 3000 P;kdkGkr ;k Òk”¨ps vfLrRo g¨rs- Òkjrh; iqjk.kkr lsp bfrgklk fgpseqGs vki.kkal lkiMrkr- fÒYYkh o rMoh gh Òk”kk xqtjkFkh Òk”ïklwufuekZ.k >kYkh vlkoh vls Òk”kkrK fxzvjlups er vkgs- rj lj tkWuekYdeP;k ers iBkjkojhYk rMoh o fÒYYkkph rh ,d Lora«k Òk”kkvkgs- R;kÁek.¨ eqG fÒYYk laLÑrhrqu fuekZ.k göwu mitr Lor%ph

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 15 16dsYŸkh vkgs- rRdkYkhu Kku txke/;s ÁpfYkr vl.kkj~;k J/nk ofo’okl ;krhYk fofo/krsph u an fgj¨MsfM;l ;k Y¨[kdkus ÁFkedsYkh vkgs- R;kus R;k dkGkr dsYŸ;k u anh o fo/kkus ;kpah‘kgkfu’kk vk/kqfud la’k /kukus dsYŸkh vkgs- fgi¨ØsVl b-l-iw-460rs 377 ;k ledkYkhu xzhd rRoosR;kus Ò©frd i;kZoj.k o ekuohlekt ;krhYk laca/k Li”V dsY¨ vkgsr- IY¨V ] vWfjLVkWVYk ;k xq:f’k”;kauh jkT;laLFkk o ekuoh Áxrh ;kfo”k;h Li”V ers o ;kfo”k;kckcr lfoLrj foosapu gs dsY¨ vkgs-

1418 e/;s okLd¨ n xkek gk vkfÝdsYkk oGlk ?kkYkquÒkjrkr i¨g¨pYkk- eWxsYku ;k Áok’kkus i‘Foh xŸk vkgs gs rRoekMY - v’kk izdkjs ekuoh oa’kkfo”k;hph ekfgrh iq<s vkYkh o Áxrvk/kqfud dkGkr R;kpk la’k¨/kdkoj vH;kldkoj ÁÒko iMYkk-v’kk r-gsus vkfnoklh tekrhps lok±xh.k vH;klkYkk pkYkuk feGkYkh-vki.k cŸkh o Òk”kk ;klaca/kh Fk¨MsQkj ppkZ vkrk d:u dkghekfgrh tk.kwu ?öw ;k rh ;s.¨ Áek.¨ vkgs-

Òk”¨P;k n“Vhusgh fopkj djrk ÒkjrkrhYk loZ vkfnoklhleku ukghr- R;kapk Òk”kk fofo/k o fÒé vkgsr- Áxr lektkP;k‘¨tkjh jkg.kkj~;k vkfnekaps Òk”¨ps osxGsi.k vktgh fVdqu vlY;kpstk.kors- fÒYYkkaph fÒYYkh rMohph rMoh o [kkUns’kh cŸkh Òkjrh;;qjïh;u Òk”¨r e¨Mrs rj csYknkj] oatkjh]dŸgkjh bR;knhP;k cŸkhvfuf.kZr Òk”kk xVkr ;srkr- R;kaP;k mi’kkjokgh vk<Grkr- fxzvjlu;k Òk”kkrKkps ers Òkjrkr ,dq.k 179 Òk”kk o 544 cŸkh vkgsr-;kiSdh mÙkj o bZ’kkU; ÒkxkrhYk N¨VÓ tekrÈe/;s 116 cŸkhcŸk.;kr ;srkr- R;kaP;k varÒkZo frcsVh] fpuh] Òk”kk ifjokjke/;sdsYkk tkr¨-

jkcWVZ xzs ;k vH;kldkP;k ers Òkjrke/;s 284 Òk”kk vkf.k1652 cŸkh Òk”kk ÁpfYkr vkgsr- R;kpÁek.¨ txkre/;s 2786

vkeps toG ukgh- Òk”¨ph mxekoLFkk o tUekoLFkk ‘k /kwudk<.¨ gs Òk”kkrK o la’k /kdkle¨j e¨Bs vkOgku vkgs- ;kckcrhrvf/kd la’k¨/ku g¨.¨ dkGkph xjt vkgs-

Tkxkr T;k fÒéfÒé Òk”kk cŸkh vkgsr R;kr fujfujkGÓkkns’kkarhYk o [kaMkrhYk Yk¨dkaP;k mRØkarhpk de n’kZforkr] vlsekuooa’k ‘kkókKkps o la’k¨/kdkaps] vH;kldkps er vkgs- ijarqtxkrhYk ifgYkh Òk”kk gh ukxjh laLÑrhrqu mn;kl u ;srk frps eqGsgh vkfnoklh laLÑrhr vkgsr vls EgVY;kl okoxs g¨.kkj ukgh]fdacgquk vkfnoklh laLÑrhus lokZr ÁFke Òk”¨ph fuZferÊ dsYkh rh ,dmRØkarh volLF¨rhYk thoulj.khrqu fuekZ.k >kYŸkh thouokpu]vuqÒookpd] LokÒookpd Jk/nkokpd bR;knh laKsrqu mn;klvkYkh vlkoh gs Li”Vi.¨ lkaxko;kl okVrs- gGqgGq ukxjh laLÑrhP;krlsp brj laLÑrh R;kpcj¨cj fla/kw [k¨j;krqu] vjcLFkkukrwu vkYŸ;kckgsjhYk vk;Z laLÑrh ;kaps ;sFkhYk vkfnoklh laLÑrhoj ÁFke lkeukdjkok YkkxYkk dkj.k rs ;sFkhYk eqGjfgoklh g¨rs- vk;kZuh R;kapsojvkØe.¨ dsYkh o R;kaP;k Òkjrkr f’kjdko >kYkk- ;kpk ifj.kkevkfnoklhoj >kYkk- vk;kZuh R;kauk fgu nqjÒkoukus fgu okx.kwdfnYkh- rj dkghuh R;kaps’kh leUo;kph Òwfedk Bsowu ijLijkaps ukrstqGowu lYk¨[kk ÁLFkkfir d:u vkiY;k laLÑrhps o brj ckcrhrijLij laca/k n< dj.;koj Òj fnYkk- o vkiYkla dsYka- ;k ckgjhYklaLÑrhpk vkfnoklh fÒYkkP;k fÒYYkh o rMoh ;kaps rMoh Òk”öjo R;kaP;k dkfcY;koj pkaxYkk ÁÒko o ifj.kke gk fnlwu vkYkk-

Ekkuooa’k‘kkó Eg.kts ekuokpk vH;kl g¨; xzhd bfrgkldkjrRoK o fulxZoknh rRosrs bR;knhP;k fy[kk.kkrwu ekuok fo”k;drRdkYkhu ekfgrh miYkC/k vkgs- b-l- iw- 700 rs 600 ;k dkYkkrhYkÁok’kkauh fYkgwu BsoYŸ;k ekfgrho:u fgj¨fMVl b-l-iw- 484 rs425 ;k xzhd Y¨[kdkus ekuok fo”k;hph foLrr ekfgrh ladYkhr

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 17 183½ ‘kgjh o [¨MÓkkrhYk O;ähph xkB iMYkh rj ‘kgjh

O;äh Áek.kÒk”pk okij djhYk] rj [¨Mwr O;äh gk cŸkhÒk”¨pk okijdjhYk fdaok R;kaps cŸk.;kr xzkeh.krsph >Ykd vki.kkl fnlwu ;srs-

4½ O;kogkfjd Òk”¨ps Lo:Ik Áns’k lekt] m|¨x/kank]laLÑrh] f’k{k.k ;k Lrjkauqlkj cnYkrs-

5½ e©f[kd O;ogkj Òk”¨pk okij lk/ku Eg.kwu g¨r - O;ogkjÒk”kk gh okP;kFkZ Á/kku vlrs-¼2½ fYkf[kr Òk”kk %

1½ fYkihc/n Òk”kk Eg.kts fYkf[kr Òk”kk g¨;- fYkf[kr Òk”kkcŸkhÒk”¨gwu Fk¨Mh osxGh vlrs- cŸkhÒk”öj J¨R;kaoj Lej.k’kähoj voYkacwu

jkgkos YkkxrY¨- fYkf[kr Òk”Ÿkk rls voYkacwu jkgkos Ykkxr ukgh-

2½ fYkf[kr Òk”Ÿkk O;kdj.kkps o Y¨[kkups fu;e ikGkosYkkxrkr- fYkf[kr Òk”¨ps iw.kZi.ks fu;e ikGkos Ykkxrkr- fYkf[krÒk”¨ps {¨«k e¨Bs vlrs- fYkf[kr Òk”ëqGs Kkukps o lkaLÑfrd eqY;kapstru] lao/kZu o laØe.k g¨rs-

3½ fof’k”V /ouhph Òk”kk ek.klkus ‘k¨/kwu dk<Ykh o laLdkfjrdsYkh- R;kus /ouÈuk vkdkj fnYkk R;kYkk fYkih vls Eg.krkr ;kfYkfic/n Òk”Ÿkk fYkf[kr Òk”kk vls EgVY¨ tkrs-cŸkhÒk”kk o Áek.kÒk”¨rhYk Qjd

1½ Òk”¨pk vfo”dkj vk/kh cŸk.;krwu >kY;keqGs e©f[kdÒk”kk gh ifgYkh Òk”kk letYkh tkrs vkf.k fYkf[kr Òk”kk gh nqljhÒk”kk ekuYkh tkrs-

2½ fofue;klkBh o fuosnuklkBh e©f[kd Òk”kk okijYkh xsYkh]rsOgk rh cŸkhP;k Lo:ikr g¨rh- tsOgk e©f[kd Òk”kk gh xzaFkhr >kYkh]rsOgk fYkihyk Áek.kÒk”¨ps Lo#i ÁkIr >kY¨-

3½ Áek.kÒk”¨pk eqYkk/kkj cŸkhÒk”kk vlrs] rjh Áek.kÒk”kkdkgh va’kh cŸkhÒk”¨gwu fÒé o Lora«k vlrs- rh ejkBh Òk”kd

cŸkh Òk”kk ák vfLrRokr vkgsr- R;kp Áek.¨ vesfjdk ovkfQzdsrhYk fofo/k vkfnoklh tekrhe/;s 500 is{kk vf/kd cŸkhÒk”kk ák cŸkY;k tkrkr- Òkjrkiqjrk fopkj djrk T;k Ákfpuvkfne tekrh Òkjrkr vfLrRokr vkgsr- R;kaph fof’k”V ÁdkjP;kcŸkh Òk”kk ák ÁfpfYkr vkgsr- mnk- vkfnoklh fÒYkkpah fÒYYkhÒk”kk R;kpÁek.¨ vkfnoklh fÒYYk laLÑrhrqu fuekZ.k göwu vkiYösxGs Lora«k vflRo ti.kkjh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkph Òk”ŸkkrMoh Eg.kwu lac¨/krkr- R;kpÁek.¨ x aMkph x aMh dksYkekaph dŸkehbR;knh cŸkhÒk”kk Òkjrh; vkfnoklh tekrhe/;s cŸkY;k tkrkr-egkjk”Vª jkT;kiqjrk fopkj djrk- ;sF¨ olYŸ¨ ikj/kh] okjYkk] Bdkj]d¨d.kk] dkrdkjh] fÒYYk]d¨d:] eYYk] rMoh] bR;knh tekrhpstekr ijRos osxosxGÓkk cŸkh Òk”kk vkgsr- v’kkÁdkjs fxzvjlu]jkcVZ xzs ;k Òk”kk la’k /kdkps Òk”kk fo”k;d la’k¨/ku vkgs-

Òk”¨pk okij vki.k nü Ádkjs djhr vlr¨-1½ e©f[kd Òk”kk2½ fYkf[kr Òk”kk-

e©f[kd Òk”kk Eg.kts eq[kkus cŸk.;kph Òk”kk g¨;- rj fYkf[kr Eg.ktsfYkihc/n dsYŸkh fdaok fYkfie/;s fYkfg.;kph Òk”kk g¨;-

1½ e©f[kd Òk”kk2½ O;ogkj Òk”kk

1½ O;ogkjklkBh th e©f[kd Òk”kk okijYkh tkrs- rh fuosnuij ofofu;efu”B vlrs- osxosxG;k { «kkr O;ogkj djrkuk e©f[kd Òk”kkokijYkh tkrs- dkgh O;äh LFkkfud cŸkhÒk”kkapk okij mi;¨x djrkr]rj dkgh O;äh Áek.kÒk”¨pk okij djrkr-

2½ tj iŸkhl] ofdYkh ;k {¨«kkrhYk ‘kCn okijY¨ tkrkr-mnk- v’khYk ]Òk-na-fo- ]dYke ] nks”kkjksi] vkjïh] fQ;kZnh b- gs ‘kCniŸkhl ofdYkh {¨«kk’kh fuxMhr vkgsr- v’kk ‘kCnkauk {¨«kk funsZ’kd‘kCn Eg.krkr-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 19 20Òk”Ÿkk vusd uouohu ‘kCn feGrhYk- R;kpÁek.¨ ukxjh laLÑrhrhYkÁek.k Òk”kk vFkkZr ejkBh Òk”kk gh Òfo”; dkGkr vf/kdkvf/kdle/n o ln< g¨bZYk vls okVrs- R;kpÁek.¨ lnjP;k vkfnoklhcŸkh o R;kaps vfLrRo o vkfne tekrhP;k laLÑrhP;k pkYkhfjrh]:<hijaijk] e©f[kd lkfgR; ák dkGkP;k v¨?kkr YkqIr u g¨rk R;kapsthoar vfLrRo gs dkgh la’k¨/kd] vH;kld o Y¨[kdkaeqGs fYkihc/n dsY;kus gk e©fYkd [kftuk gk vki.k jk[kwu Bsork ;sbZYk- gk[kftuk Òk”¨P;k o vkfnoklh laLÑrhP;k ftoar vkjlk Eg.kwu iq<hYk;qxkr YkkÒnk;d QYknk;h g¨bZYk ]txke/;s Òk”¨ph mRiÙkhph tjdkj.kfeaeklk dsYkh rj Ákeq[;kus fnlwu ;srs dh] R;k R;k Ò©x©fYkdifjfLFkhuqlkj o Áns’kkuqlkj d’kh >kYkh] vktph th Áxr o fYkihc/n Áek.k] ukxjh Òk”kk ÁR;sd ns’kke/;s T;k T;k osxosxGÓkk i/nrhuscŸkYkh tkrkr] R;kpk tj ‘k /k ?;ko;kP;k vlsYk rj vki.kkl R;kR;k ns’kkae|s [kaMke/;s] Áns’kke/;s okLrO;kl vlYŸ;k vfknetekrhP;k vFkkZr vkfnoklh tekrhP;k cŸkh Òk”¨pk vH;kl dj.;kO;frfjä i;kZ; ukgh- vkfne cŸkh Òk”kk fgp Áxr o ukxjh Áek.kÒk”¨ph laLÑrhrhYk fYkihCk/n Òk”¨ph tuuh vlkoh vls eYkk okVrs-cŸkhr Y¨[ku dsYŸ;k xzaFkkrhYk dkgh ‘kCn gs vukdYkuh; vlrkr-ijarq gs nqcsZ/k ulrkr tltlk lekt Áxr g¨r tkbZYk] f’k{k.kkpkÁlkj R;k R;k cŸkhr g¨bZYk rlk lektkpk lkekftd ‘©{kf.kd ntkZmapkoY;k tkbZYk- R;k osGh v’kk cŸkh Òk”¨rhYk xzaFk vf/kd mi;qäg¨r tkrhy- txkyk R;kpk vH;kl dj.¨ l¨bZps o lïs g¨bZYk-Òk”¨ph mRiÙkh ‘k¨/k.;k djhrk ;kp Ákfpu vkfnoklh cŸkhph enr?;koh YkkxsYk- R;kpÁek.¨ cŸkh Áknsf’kd cŸkh vkf.k Áek.k cŸkhÁek.k ¼fYkf[kr½ Òk”kk ;kaP;k mRiÙkh vkf.k fodklk lanÒkZr [kqiegRokps okVrs- dkj.k cŸkh gh e©f[kd ijaijk vlrs ( iq<s frP;krwu‘kstkjP;k cŸkh o Òk”kka’kh laidZ ok<r¨ ‘kCn mPpkj/ouh vkf.k

lektkus Áek.kÒwr ekuYŸkh vlrs- R;kr O;kdj.kkps o Y¨[kkukpsfu;e dkVsd¨ji.¨ ikG.¨ vko’;d vlrs-

4½ Ò©x©fYkdn“VÓkk ,doVYŸ;k leqgkph O;ogkjkph thLokÒkfod Òk”kk rh cŸkhÒk”kk vlrs- ,dkp Òk”¨r Áns’k] ‘kgj ][¨Ms;kaP;keqGs Áknsf’kd Òk”kk] cŸkhÒk”kk] i¨VÒk”kk vls Òsn fuekZ.k g¨rs-R;keqGs cŸkhÒk”kk ftoar okVrs] frP;kr R;k&R;k Òkf”kd laLÑrhpk[kqeklnkji.kk BLdk] Ykgstk vkf.k x¨Mok gk vlr¨] Áek.k Òk”¨Áek.¨ cŸkhÒk”kk laLdkjhr ulrs- cŸkhÒk”¨rqu lekt thoukps ovkfnoklh laLÑrhps lgti.¨ thou n’kZu ?kMr vlrs-

vkfnoklh rMoh cŸkhÒk”öj jktLFkkuh Òk”¨pk rlps xqtjkFkhÒk”¨pk ifj.kke fnlr - lkriqM;krhYk Ákeq[;kus [kkUns’kkrhYk rMoh;kaps Òk”öj jktLFkkuh Òk”¨pk ÁÒko fnlwu vkYkk vkgs- dkj.kjktLFkkukr 50 Vôs Òq&Òkx ifjlj gk fÒYYk] ckgqYk Áns’k g¨rk-jktiqrk’kh fÒYYkkps pkaxY¨ lac/k g¨rs- vkrk vkiYkk vkfnoklh cŸkhlanÒkZr ppkZ d: ;k- ;k cŸkh d’kk YkqIr >kY;k ;kpkgh fopkj d:;k-

Òkjrke/;s rlsp txke/;s vlYŸ;k T;k vkfne cŸkhÒk”kkvfLrRokr g¨R;k gGqgGq dkYkkrjkaus R;kaps tru] lao/kZu o fYkfiCnulY;kus o R;kp dsoG e©f[kd Lo:ikr vlY;kus rlspÒ©x©fYkd]uSlfxZd o dkgh lkekftd dkj.kkeqGs o vpkuid.¨möo.kkjs fLFkR;arjs] ÁdïkeqGs ;ke/khYk dkgh vkfne vkfnoklh cŸkhÒk”kk ;k dkGkP;k v¨?kkr YkqIr >kYŸ;k vkgsr- ijarq vkrk ek«kn‘’; iYkVr vkgs- dkgh ekuooa’k’kkóK] lekt’kkóK o Y¨[kdkaP;kÁ;RukeqGs ;k vkfne vkfnoklh tekrhrhYk dkgh cŸkh Òk”¨P;kvH;klkYkk Á¨Rlkgu feGwu rh ftoar Bso.¨pk o fYkfic/n dj.¨pkÁ;Ru dj.;kr ;sr vkgs- fg vkuankph o LokxrkgZ ckc vkgs-uthdP;k dkGkr ;kaps pkaxY¨ ifj.kke le¨j ;srhYk o Áek.k ejkBh

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 21 22O;ogkjkaps vknku Ánku g¨rs- fodkldzek.¨ fopkj djrk frpsÁ’kkluhd o O;ogkjkaps vknkuÁnku g¨rs- O;kogkfjd :Ik ¼fYkf[kr½fodflr g¨rs frYkk ‘kklu dR;k±ph Òk”kk Eg.kwu O;kikj mfnekphÒk”kk Eg.kwu Ákek.;k ÁkIr g¨rs- ex rh jk”Vª (¼jkT;½ Òk”kk g¨rs-ijarq ;k losZ Áek.k Òk”kkaps ,d oSf’k”V; vls dh R;k [kwi YkofpdrkÇ«kd vkf.k brj Hkk”kkaps izHkko ekU; djrkr] R;kaP;k e/;s,dizdkjph rkaf=kd Ñf«kerk ;srs ]iqLrdh Òk”kk Eg.kwu fdaoklkfgR;krhYk vfÒtukaph Òk”kk Eg.kwu rh ekU;rk ikors- ijarq frpseqG cŸkhr vlrs— R;kaP;k e/;s ,d Ádkjph rkaf«kd Ñf«kerk;srs- Eg.kwu vls Eg.krk ;sbZYk- dh Áek.kÒk”kk gh vusd cŸkhP;kthou O;ogkjkP;k vuqÒwrÈpk o O;kogkfjd okijkpk leqPp;vlrs- R;klkBh vkfnoklÈP;k cŸkÈiklwu fulxZ nÙk ekuohvuqÒokaP;k iklwu vkYŸ;k /ouh] ‘kCn mPpkjkaP;k vH;klkrwuuohu rFF¨ gkrh ;sÅ ‘kdrkr- ek-Jh-fo’oukFk [©js ;kauh ekaMYŸ¨laer rRo R;kn“Vhus Yk{kkr ?;kos YkkxsYk- R;kauh ejkBh Òk”¨P;kmxekpk vankt O;ä djrkauk- rehG&ejkBh&laLÑr vlkØeekaMYŸkk vkgs- ejkBhph mRiÙkh laLÑr is{kk rfeG’kh toGpklaca/k ÁLFkkfir djrs- gs R;kaps er iV.;klkj[¨ vkgs- ;k n“Vdksukrquvkfnoklh cŸkhP;k ‘kCn laxzgkpk loZn“Vhus vH;kl dsY;kl eqGÒkjrh; Òk”kkaP;k mRiÙkhps uos /kkxsn¨js gkrh ;sÅ ‘kdrkr- laLÑrgh vfÒtu Òk”kk vlY;keqGs rh Á’kklu vkf.k oSfnd f’k{k.kijaijsr vMdwu iMyh- R;keqGs xqIrrk vkf.k Yk¨dfHkeq[krk ;kckcrfrP;koj e;kZnk iMY;k- dkYkkarjkus rh vfÒtkr lkfgR;kph Òk”kk>kYkh- ikaBrajkus rh fVdowu le/n dsYkh xsYkh- ijarq rh Yk dfÒeq[kg¨Å ‘kdYkh ukgh- lekt Yk¨dijaijk vkf.k tkrh tekrhP;k cksYkhák thou O;ogkjkr Áokgh jkfgY;k- ijarq laLÑr vukdYk.kh;]dBh.k nqc Z/k vkf.k O;kdj.kkeqGs Ñf«ke cuYkh- Eg.kwu rh dkGkP;kv¨?kkr ekxs iMYkh gs ekU; dsY;kl cŸkhps egRo Yk{kkr ;sbZYk-

vkfnoklh rMohph rMoh Òk”kk gh ns[khYk tj rhps tru]lao/kZu o fYkfic/n dsYkh xsYkh ukgh rj ;s.kkj~;k 25-30 o”kkZr rhns[khYk brj vkfne cŸkh Áek.k YkqIr g¨.kP;k /kkdk vkgs- dkj.k‘kgjkdMs tk.kkjs Yk¨dkps thoukoj ekrHkk”¨pk folj iMr vlwuR;keqGs ;k Òk”kk fVdowu Bso.¨ gs Qkj e¨Bs vkOgku Òfo”;kr mÒsjkg.kkj vkgs- tserse 6 rs 7 Ykk[k Yk d] rMoh cŸkrkr- ijarqÒfo”;kr gs Áek.k v/;kZis{kkgh deh g¨.kkj vkgs- rjh vkrkgh osGxsYŸkh ukgh Eg.kwu ;k Òk”¨r xzaFkfufeZrh g¨.¨ xjtsps vkgs vls eYkkokVrs- rlsp ;s.kkj~;k uohu fi<hYkk ;kps egRo iVowu ns.¨ vxR;kpsvkgs- MkW- x.¨’k nsoh ;k Òk”kk la’k /kdkus dkgh ers gs vkfnekP;kÒk”kkacÌYk O;ä dsY¨ vkgs- rs [kkYkhuewn Áek.¨ vkgsr-

1½ ÁR;sd Òk”¨P;k bfrgklkr vk’p;Zdkjd vkf.k d/khd/kh vR;ar vuisf{kr oG.k vkYkh vkgsr- fÒYYkh lkj[;k ÒkjrkrY;kvkfnoklh Òk”¨pa mnkgj.k ;k lanÒkZr nsrk ;sbZYk- gk lekt vkfFkZd]lkekftd ikrGhoj rqYkusr ojP;k Fkjkr vlYŸ;k lektkP;kikrGhoj i¨g¨pwu R;k lektkÁek.¨p okxk;P;k jkgk;pk Á;Rudj.;kP;k Á;RukeqGs R;kaP;k Òk”öj R;kpk ifj.kke >kYkk vkgs- R;klektkP;k ;k o‘ÙkhYkk lxGh Òk”kk lkekftd xfgrda YkkxwiMrkr-bfrgklkr vlagh ikgk;Ykk feGr dh] jktkJ; vlYŸ;k dkgh Òk”kku”V ikoY;k vkf.k R;kaP;k e/kwu lÙ¨P;k ifj?kkojP;k Òk”¨P;k ÁÒkokrwu,[kknh uohu Òk”kk mn;kYkk vkYkh- v’kh dkgh vk’p;Ztud mnkgj.akvfLrRokr vkgsr vkf.k ÒfOk”;kr v’kh vk.k[kh mnkgj.ak igk;YkkfeG.ka ‘kD; vkgs- uk;tsfj;k] esfDld ] ikiqvk] U;q ?kkuk] baMüsf’k;kvkf.k Òkjrke/khYk Yk d R;kaP;k Òk”kkae/;s ‘kCnkpk lkBk osxkus dehg¨r vlY;kps vuqÒor vkgsr- LFkkfud Òk”kdkaph xqarkxqarhP;kladYiuk R;kP;kp Òk”¨rqu O;ä dj.;kph {kerk fnolsfnol dehg¨r pkYkYkh vkgs vkf.k cgqrsd Òk”kkae/;s ‘kCnkaps osxosxGs vFkZfuekZ.k dj.;kph {kerk osxkus deh g¨r pkYkYkh vkgs-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 23 24oSfo/;koj ifj.kke >kYkk- eqæ.kdY¨P;k d{¨r u ;s.kkjh Òk”kk dehntkZph BjoYkh xsYkh- Lokra«;kuarjÒk”¨P;k fud”kkoj jkT;fufeZrh >kYkhvkf.k Òk”kd jkT;s fuekZ.k >kYkh- T;k Òk”kkauk fYkih g¨rh vkf.k T;kÒk”kk eqæ.kdY¨P;k d{¨r ;sr g¨R;k] T;k Òk”kkae/;s eqær lkfgR;g¨rs] R;k Òk”kkauk Òkjrh; la?k jkT;kr Ò©x¨fYkdn”VÓkk Lora«k jkT;kpsLFkku ns.;kr vkY - T;k Òk”kkauk le/n v’kh e©f[kd lkfgR;kphijaijk g¨rh] i.k T;kaP;ke/;s eqæhr lkfgR; uOgrs R;k Òk”kkuk gkntkZ feGkYkk ukgh- iq<s ÁkFkfed] ek/;fed rlps mPp ek/;fedf’k{k.kklkBhps ek/;e Eg.kwu R;kjkT;kP;k vf/kÑr Hkk”kspk okij lq:>kYkk- R;kp cj¨cj jkT; ?kVuse/;s Òk”kklkBhps ],d fo’¨”k deYk 8fuekZ.k dj.;kr vkY¨- lq:okrhYkk R;kr 14 Òk”kkapk lekos’k g¨rk-uarj R;kr Òj iMwu vkrk R;kr ,dq.k 22 Òk”kk vkgsr- ;kdYkekuqlkj ljdkjYkk ;k Òk”kkP;k f’k{k.kkoj loZ [kpZ dj.¨ca/kudkjd vkgs- 1961 P;k ns’kkP;k t.kx.kusuqlkj gh la[;kj¨MkoYkh- th Òk”kk ngkgktkjkis{kk tkLr la[;sP;k leqgkdMwu cŸkhtkr vlsYk] R;kp Òk”¨pk t.kx.kusuqlkj ekrÒk”kk Eg.kwu lekos’kdj.;kr vkY;keqGs 1971 P;k tux.kusr 108 Òk”kkaphp u an>kYkh- R;keqGs toGtoG 1500 is{kk vf/kd ekrÒk”kk ;k dk;eP;keqd >kY;k ;krY;k Ckj;kp Òk”kk ;k ÒVD;k foeqä lektkdMwuvkfnoklÈdMwu cŸkY;k tkrkr- ;krY;k Ckj;kp Òk”kk vkti;±rlaiowu xsY;k ulrhYk- Fk MÓkkcgqr Áek.kkr f’kYYkd vlrhYk rjhR;k osxkus Uk”V g¨.;kP;k ekxkZoj vkgsr- R;kauk R;kaP;k Òk”kkpokijrk ;sÅ u;sr gh ifjfLFkRkh R;kaP;koj O;ofLFki.¨ YkknYkh xsYkhvkgs- R;keqGs Òkjrh; Òk”kkP;k foLrr iVkojP;k vkfnoklh] ÒVdsfoeqä ;k vYila[;kD;kaP;k Òk”kk osxkus vYila[; g¨r pkYkY;kvkgsr-

2½ laLÑrhph Òk”kk ghp ,deso vfÒO;äh vkgs- ,o<spukghrj laLÑrh vkf.k Òk”kk ;k nü osxosxGÓkk x ”Vh ukghr- rj R;k,dp vkgsr vkf.k lkj[;kp vkgs- vlk ,d loZekU; n“Vhdüvkgs vlsgh ekuYka tkr dh tk.kho ;k x¨”VhYkk ns[khYk Òk”ëqGspvfLrRo vkgs- vFkZ ;k LkdYiusckcr gh v’khp ekaM.kh dsYkh tkrs-nqLkj;k ‘kCnkr lkaxk;pa rj ekuoh cq/nheÙ¨P;k ÁR;sd O;ogkjkP;kloZ cká x¨”VhlkBh Òk”kk gkp Ik;kZ;okpd ‘kCn vkgs- rlps xsYkhvusd ‘krd ;qjïh;u Òk”kk rTKkauh lxGÓkk Òk”kkapk eqG BjsYk v’khÒk”kk d¨.krh ;kpk ‘k /k ?¨.;kpk Á;Ru pkYkoY¨ vkgsr- R;kekxs loZekuokapk eqG ,dp g¨ra vkf.k uarj rs loZ fn’kkauk ikaxY¨ ghckcsyP;k dkGkiklwuph nardFkk vkgs- vktP;k cŸkhÒk”kk ;k R;kdfFkr eqG ‘kq/nÒk”ïklwu cuYŸ;k vkgsr vla ekuYka xsYka vkgs- R;keqG Òk”kkaP;k vfLrRokpa vkf.k ok<hp eqG vkgsr- cŸkh] miÒk”kk]Òkf”kd oSfOk/; ;k lxGÓakkuh feGwu Òkjrh; Òk”kkapk Áokg okgrkBsoYkk vkgs- ;k ÁokgkP;k :idkP;kp Òk”¨r cŸkk;pa rj rFkkdfFkreq[; Òk”kk dkB vkgsr vkf.k cŸkh Òk”kk R;k vraxrZpk Áokgvkgsr- gk Áokg okgrk jkfgYk gs ikg.k ,o<ap vki.k d: ‘kdr¨-

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vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 25 261½ eWxŸkkbZM 2½ izksVks vWkLVªkYkkWbM o 3½ uhfxzVks gs rhu oa’k

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4½ lj tktZ fxzvlZUl fYkfXofLVd lOgZ vkWQ bafM;k¼1903-1923½ us 19 O;k ‘krdkP;k ‘öVP;k n’kdkr ÒkjrkrhYkth ekfgrh x¨Gk dsYkh] R;kuqlkj Òkjrkr R;k dkGkr 179 Òk”kkvkfj 544 cŸkh vfLrRokr g¨R;k- rj 1921 P;k t.kx.kusuqlkjrsOgkP;k Òkjrkr 188 Òk”kk vkf.k 49 cŸkh vflrRokr g¨R;k1971 P;k tux.kusr t¨ Òkf”kd ri’khYk miYkC/k >kYkk] r¨ nüLrjke/;s foÒkxYkk xsYkk- ,d Eg.kts ?kVusP;k vkBO;k dYkekuqlkjvf/kÑr BjoY;k xsYŸ;k Òk”kk vkf.k nqlj;k Lrj Eg.kts] ngkgtkjP;kis{kk deh Yk¨dkadMwu cŸkY;k tk.kkj~;k loZ Òk”kk ,dkQVD;kr brj ;k lnjkr ?kkrY;k xsY;k- nqljhdMs xsY;k rhutux.kuke/;s e¨t.kh dj.;kph th i/nr okijYkh xsYkh vkgs]frP;ke/;s la[;k deh dj.;kojp Òj vkgs- gh d¨.kR;kgh ,dkpns’kkrhYk ifjfLFkrh vlsYk vla ukgh rj txkr loZ«kp vla ?kMYŸkvlw ‘kdra- ,[kk|k ns’kkr vk/kqfudrk gk ?kVd Òk”kkaP;k fouk’kkykdkj.khÒwr BjYkk vlsYk rj brj ns’kkae/;sgh rlap ?kMYka vlsYk gh‘kD;rk ukdkjrk ;sr ukgh-

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vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 27 28rs vftaBkP;k jakxk v’kk foÙkh.kZ Áns’kkr ;k jkT;kP;k lhekiljY;k g¨R;k- R;k Áns’kkYkk fÒYkokM ukokus v¨G[kY¨ tkr g¨rs-dfYkaxns’kkojgh fÒYYkkaps jkT; g¨rs- mÙkj vkf.k iqoZ e/; Áns’kkarukxk] fe>¨ laFkkG ;k vkfnoklhph Lora«k jkT; g¨rh- lákæh ;kvkfnoklhph Lora«k jkT; g¨rh- lákæh ioZrkP;k Áns’k d¨Go.k;k uokus v¨G[kYkk tkr g¨rk- vkfnoklh fÒYYkkar ikojk] ijekj]rMoh] oGh] xkohr] ekoph] /kkudk] Mkaxph olkok] ;k ckjki¨Vtkrh vkgsr- egkjk”Vªkr /kqGs ftYgkr fÒYYkkaph Yk dla[;k vf/kd vkgs-40 Vôs vkfnoklh /kqGs ftYákr vkgs-tGxko] vgenuxj]v©jaxkckn] ukfld ftYákr lhesYkxr dkgh Òkxkr fÒYYkkaph oLrhvkgs- xqtjkr e/khYk] Mkax] lqjr] ÒMksp ;k ftYg;krgh fÒYYkvkgsr- jktLFkku o e/;Áns’kkrhYk dkgh Òkxkrgh fÒYYk vkgsr-lkriqMk o foa/; ioZrkP;k taxYkkrhYk nj~;k[k j~;kr fÒYYk jkgrkr-;k Òkxkr iqoÊ fÒYYk jktkaps jkT; g¨rs- fÒYYk fdjkr o fus”kkn ;kjktkaph jkT; g¨rs- fÒYYk tekr ijkØeh] ‘kqj] o dkVd Eg.kwuv¨G[kYkh tkrs- jkek;.kkr o egkHkkjrkr fÒYYkakps mYY¨[k vk<Grkr-/kqGs ftYg;kr rG ans] ‘kgkns] vØk.kh] /kMxko] f’kjiqj] uanqjckj]uokiqj] lkØh] vôYkdqok rkYkqD;kr 40 Vôs fÒYYk vkgsr- vôYkdqokvØk.kh o uokiqj rkYkqD;kr fÒYYkkaph la[;k 100 Vôs vkgs-ukfld ftYgkrhYk dGo.k o ckxYkk.k ;k rkYkqD;kr gh fÒYYkkaphxkos vkgs- lkriqMÓkkP;k nj~;k[k j~;kr o lkrekGkP;k iBkjkojvkfnoklh fÒYYkkph oLrh vkgs-

Òkjrkr fczVh’k baMªLVªht daiuhph jktdh; lÙkk ;srkpdaiuh ljdkjus ;k ns’kkr fczfV’kkaP;k vkfFkZd olkgrps Lo:i ÁkIrd:u ns.;kpk Á;Ru ;k ns’kkrhYk Ykdkoj o fo’ ”k d:u vkfnoklÈojvR;kpkj o tqYkqe dsY - R;kP;k ijaijk pkfYkfjrh o laLÑrh u”Vdj.;kpk Á;Ru dj.;kr vkY - Òkjrkr baxzpkth lÙkk ;s.;kiqoÊ vusdjktoVhvkY;k vkf.k xsY;kgh ijarq vkfnoklhP;k :<h ijaijk]

N¨Vh vusd jkT;s g¨rh- fll¨fn;k ?kjk.;kP;k ÁR;sd jktiqrjktkYkk xknhoj clforkauk fÒYYk Áeq[kkP;k gkrkus VhGk Ykko.;kphÁFkk ÁpfYkr g¨rh- YkXu lekjaÒkr VhGk Ykko.;kpk ekugh fÒYYkkapkpletYkk tkr g¨rk- 10 O;k ‘krdkP;k ‘öVh paikusj oxGrk iqoZjsokdar Áns’k fÒYYk Áeq[kkP;k o jktkP;k rkC;kr g¨rk- ,dsdkGhfÒYYk ‘käh’kkYkh g¨rs- R;keqGs jktiqr jkts R;kapk vknj djhrvlra- gs ,UFköu ;k lket’kkókKkP;k vH;klkrwu Li”V g¨rs-

lkriqMk Áns’k gk Ákeq[;kus fÒYYk Áns’k Eg.kwu v¨GdYkktkr¨- R;kr jktLFkku] xqtjkFk] vkf.k e/;Áns’kkrhYk ioZrjkaxk]foa/;] vjoYkh ioZrkapkÒkx] egkjk”VªkrhYk uanqjckj] /kqGs] tGxko]vejkorh vkf.k v©jaxkckn ftYgkrhYk lkriqMk vkf.k vaftBk ioZrjkaxkpklekos’k g¨rk- rkih vkf.k ueZnk u|kaP;k e/khYk Áns’k fÒYkokM*Eg.kts fÒYYkkapk Áns’k ;k ukaos v¨G[kYkk tkr - bfrgklkrhYk fÒYkokMÁns’kkaph Ò©x©fYkd lhek ek«k ;kghis{kk[kwi e¨Bh g¨rh- lkriqMÓkkiklwufoa/;] vjoYkh ioZrkaP;k jkaxki;±r Eg.kts egkjk”Vª] e/;Áns’k] xqtjkrvkf.k jktLFkkui;±r gk Áns’k iljYŸkk g¨rk-

Òkjr ;k ns’kkph vkfnoklh gh eqG o izkphure laLÑrhvkgs- oSfnd laLÑrh] R;kuarj vkYkh- vkfnoklhph x©jo xkFkk R;kphJs”Bijaijk R;kx cYkhnukps bfrgklkps ikus bfrgkl laLÑrhpk vH;kldj.kkj~;k foOnkukauk d/kh fnlYkh ukgh- R;keqGs vkiY;k ekrh’khbeku jk[k.kkj~;k eqG :Ik gs loZlkekU; tursle¨j vkY¨ ukgh- ;kfo:/n vR;ar rqVr o fn’kkÒqYk dj.kkjk bfrgkl fYkfgYŸ¨ xsysykvkgs-

Òkjrkpk cgqla[; ÒqÁns’k vkfnoklh jkT;kauh YkkÒYŸkk g¨rk-e/; Òkjrkr oSÒo’kkYkh x aM jkT; g¨rh- gk Áns’k x¨Mkou jkT;Eg.kwu v¨G[kYkk tkr g¨rk- mÙkj if’pe Òkxkr fÒYYkkaph jkT;g¨rs- ekjokMps iBkj rs F¨V lkriqMkps lkrekG vkf.k egknso M axj

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 29 30vkf.k R;kpk ifj.kke b-l-u-1852 e/;s iqUgk eqaMk tekrhus mBkodsYkk- R;kr fcjlk eqaMkP;k usrRokr baxzt ljdkjfo:/n vusd mBkodj.;kr vkY - R;keqGs gk mBko fcjlkP;k ukokus v¨G[kYkk tkowYkkxYkk- fcjlkus Lora«k jkT; fufeZrhph ?k ”k.kk dsYkh ijarq baxztljdkjus vkiY;k t¨jkoj gk mBko nkcwu VkdYkk-

v’kk Ádkjs jke¨lh ;k vkfnoklh tekrhps la?kfVri.¨ b-l-1822 baxztkfo:/n Yk<k fnYkk g¨rk- rlsp vkfnoklh laFkkYkkpkmwBko1855 e/;s fla/kw o dkUgw ;k laFkkYk vkfnoklhP;k enrhus iqdkjYkkg¨rk- R;k Áek.¨ dPN e/khYk mBko rsFkhYk vkfnoklh tursus baxztkfo:/n 1832 e/;s e¨Bk mBko dsYkk g¨rk- R;kpÁekjs 1827 e/;sdŸk ;k vkfnoklh tekrh a;kaauh baxztkfo:/n mBko dsYkk- v’kki/nrhus b-l- 1876 rs 1773 e/;s vkfnoklhus igkMh vkanŸkudsY¨- b-l- 1795 rs 1800 e/;s vkfnoklhus pqckj vkanŸk dsY¨- b-l- 1819 rs 1842 vkfnoklh x aMkuh x aM vkanŸku dsY¨ g¨rs- b-l- 1831 rs 1832 vkfnoklhus dŸk vkanŸku – b-l- 1855 rs1856 vkfnoklhuh laFkkYk vkanŸku dsY¨- R;kÁek.¨ b-l-1859 rs1894 eqaMk vkfnoklhuh ljnkj eqaMk vkanŸku dsY¨- v’kk ÁdkjsÒkjrkP;k Lokra«; djrk vkf.k baxztkdMwu g¨.kkj~;k vU;k; ovR;kpkj ‘k ”k.kk fo:/n e¨BÓkk Áek.kkr mBko dsYŸ¨ vkgs- v’kkiÌrhus Òkjrh; Lora«k Yk<Ókkr vkfnoklh gs ÁFke Økarhdkjh fganqLFkkuhg¨rs gs fl/n g¨rs-

dkgh vkfnoklh Lora«k lsukuh [kkYkhYkÁek.¨ vkgsr- T;kauhLokra«; Yk<Ókkph eqgwZres< jöYkh- T;kpk rMoh] fÒYkakoj ÁÒko fnlwu;sr¨ Eg.kwu R;kpgh mYY¨[k dj.ks xjtsps vkgs-

fcjlk eqaMk ¼tUe % 1875 rs eR;q 1900½ fczVh’kkauh1878-79 e/;s ÁFkep oukcÌYkpk dk;nk dsYkk o taxYk ljdkjP;kekYkdhps >kY¨ vkfnoklÈuk ;keqGs cs?kj Ogkos YkkxY¨- taxYkkoj

laLÑrh o cŸkh Òk”kk u”V d: ‘kdY¨ ukghr- R;k vtqughdk;ep vkgsr- baxztkauh vkiY;k Qk;|klkBh vkfnoklÈps mnjfuokZgkpslk/ku vlYŸkh oulaink vkiY;k rkC;kr ?¨.;kpk Á;Ru dsYkk-,o<sp uOgs rj vkfnoklÈP;k olkgrÈoj lq/nk vkØe.k >kY¨-R;keqGs vkfnoklh fpMY¨ vkf.k baxztkaP;k ;k /;s; /k¨.kkfo:/n ‘kómpYkwu vusd vkfnoklÈuk baxztkafo:/n mBko djkok YkkxYkk- vkfnoklhÒkjrkps eqGs fuoklh vlY;kus ijÁkarkrqu vkYŸ;k Yk¨dkapk lkeukR;kuak ÁFke djkok YkkxYkk Òwehps ekYkd vlYŸ¨ vkfnoklh vkf.kR;kaP;k tfeuh diVkuas cGdkowu R;kauk Òwfeghu d: ikg.kkj;kaP;ke/;s t¨ dkgh la?k”kZ >kYkk ok vkfnoklÈuh dsYkk- r¨ R;kP;kLokra«;kapk Yk<k g¨rk- vU;k;] vR;kpkj] vkf.k ‘k ”k.kkfo:/n rŸk<k g¨rk- vkfnoklÈuh vkiY;k gôklkBh vusd vkanŸkus dsYŸkhvkgs-r

1½ fÒYYkkapk mBko % fÒYYk gh vkfnoklh tekrhiSdh ,dtekr vkgs- fÒYYkkauh fczfV’kkafo:/n vusd mBko dsY¨- ;k mBkokpsusrRo [kkT;k ukbZd] Òhek ukbZd] Òkx¨th ukbZd] eso’;k ukbZd] dkGwfÒYYk]n©Ykq ukbZd] dkUgq fÒYYk] raV;k fÒYYk bR;knhpklekos’k vkgs-fÒYYkkauh baxzt ljdkj fo:/n b l 1870 i;±r mBko dsYkk- Òkx¨thukbZd ;kauhbaxztkuk tsjhl vk.kY - dkUgk fÒYk o raV;k fÒYYk ;kauhbxzth ljdkj’kh la?k”kZ dsYkk o R;kauk lG¨ dh iG¨ d:u l¨MY¨g¨rs-;kr rMoh fHkYy ns[khy lkehy gksrs

2½ eqaMk mBko % N¨Vk ukxiqj o flaxHkwe ;k ftYákr eqaMkvkfnoklÈps oLrhLFkku vkgs- eqaMk tekrhoj baxztkauh Qkj vU;k; ovR;kpkj d:u R;kaP;k tehuh YkqVY;k- R;keqGs eqaMk tekrhps Yk dfpMY¨ o b-l-1831 e/;s baxztke/;s baxztkfo:/n eqaMkauh mBko dsYkko ;k mBkokph baxztkauk Qkj e¨Bh fdaer e¨tkoh YkkxYkh- ;kr e¨BÓkkÁek.kkr thfor gkuh >kYkh- R;keqGs eqaMke/;s vlar ”k il: YkkxYkk

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 31 321855 -56 fl/nq o dkuq gs n¨?¨ foæ¨gkps usrs g¨rs- ;kapk

laFkkYk foæ¨g jktfurhd vfÒO;äh lkj[kk g¨rk- tls ÒxhjFk eka>h;kauh Ákfpu eqY;kph iquZLFkkiuk dj.;klkBh vkanŸku dsY¨- ;kvkanŸkukP;k ekxs lkekftd tutkx‘rh dj.¨ gk mÌs’k g¨rk- fla/kqo dkuq ;kauh ‘k¨”k.keqä thoukps LoIu ikfgY¨ gksrs- 1888 rs 1890pk tfeuh djhrk ljnkj foæ¨g] ;k foæksgk o:u vkiY;k Yk{kkr;sbZYk dh eqaMk vkfnoklÈuh foæksgs baxzktfo:/np dsYkk-

b-l-1845 vkf.k R;kP;kuarj eqaMk vkf.k mjWko ;kauh f£z’pu/kekZpk Lohdkj dsYkk ;keqGs R;kauk okVY¨ dh] vkiYkh Òweh leL;klqVsYk dkj.k xsY;k iékl o”kkZiklwu rs vR;kpkjkps f’kdkj >kYŸ¨g¨rs-f[kz’pu /kekZpk J/nkiwoZd ykpkjhus dka gksbZuk fLodkj dsyk xsyk;keqGs vkiY;kojhy vU;k; deh gksbZy vls eaqMkauk okVr gksrs

ljnkjh vkanŸku rhu VI;kr >kY¨ ikfgts- vkanŸku 1858rs 1881 tfeuhojhYk vkiY;k vf/kdkjklkBh >kY¨- rj nqljs vkanŸku1881 rs 1890 bZlkbZ fe’kujh’kh >kYŸ¨ erÒsn o ‘öVh frljsvkanŸku 1890 rs 1895 jktuSfrd gDdkalkBh >kY¨-ljnkjhvkanŸkukph lq:okr 1858 tfeuhojhYk gôkalkBh >kY¨- b-l-1879 e/;s eqaMk tutkrhph ljdkjYkk fuosnu lknj d:u N¨Vkukxiqj Áns’kkps [kjs ekYkd eqaMk vkfnoklh vkgsr- n¨glk ;sF¨ ,dLora«; jkT;kph LFkkiuk ns[khYk dsYkh] 1886-87 e/;s eqaMkauh teZuYkqF¨jku ppZP;k Áeq[k iknjh ujd¨VYkk fuosnu nsowu R;kr R;kauhekx.kh dsYkh dh] N¨Vk ukxiqj ijns’kkrhYk loZ tfeuhps ekYkdRoeqaMkukp |kos- vkanŸkukps iq<s 1890 rs 1895 jktuSfrd Lo:Ik/kkj.k dsYkh- b-l-1890 e/;s ljnkj vkanŸkdkauh ?k ”k.kk dsYkh dh]fe’kujh Ápkjd] ljdkjP;k fofo/k dk;kZYk;krhYk deZpkjh] caxkYkhckcq] tehunkj vkf.k Bsdsnkj gs lokauk foj¨/k dsYkk tkbZYk dkj.k gsloZ vkfnoklh foj¨/kh g¨rs- R;keqGs gs vkanŸku eqaMkuh ikj ikMkos

ljdkjpk vf/kdkj vkY;kus vusd o” Z taxYkkr jkgr vlYŸkh]taxYkkrY¨ eqGs jfgoklh vlYŸkh vkfnoklh tekr ek«k fujk/kkj>kYkh- vkfnoklhps mnjfuokZgkps lk/kus R;kr YkkdqMQkVk] QG]daneqG vkf.k tukojkalkBh pkjkn gs g¨rs- gsr¨MY;kl naM dsYkk tkÅYkkxYkk- f’k{kk g¨Å YkkxYkh vkf.k vkfnoklÈP;k vfLrRokpkp Á’ufuekZ.k >kYkk fczfV’kkauh taxYkkpk dk;nk d:u vkfnoklÈP;k tx.;kYkklq:ax Ykko.;kps dke dsY¨ g¨rs- ;k vx¨njp taxYkkrY¨ gs vkfnoklhQG] fMad] e/k] rsnqiÙkk vkf.k nqfeZG ouv©s”k/kh fodqup vkiYkkpfjrkFkZ pkYkfor g¨rs- taxYkkP;k vktqcktwP;k xkokr ;k oLrq fodqurs /kkU; vkf.k thouk’;d oLrqhph [kjsnh djhr g¨rs- vls djrkauknqdkunkj ]cfu;s vkfnoklh dMwu taxYkkrY;k oLrq [kjsnh djrkukeqÌkedehÒko nsr vlr vkf.k T;k oLrq vkfnoklÈuk fodr nsr R;kapsÒko tkLr Ykkor vlr- v’kk Ádkjs cfu;k nqdkunkj] egktu]lkodkjgs vkfnokphs vkfFkZd ‘k ”k.kp djhr g¨rs-

vkfnoklÈuh baxzth O;oLF fo:/n vusdosGk foæ¨g dsYkk- b-l-1789 rs 1832 njE;ku eqaMk tutkrÈus vusd foæ¨g vkanŸkudsYkhr ;krhYk tkLr ÁÒko’kkYkh foæ¨g gk 1831 rs 1832 pk dŸkfoæksg ;k ukokus v¨G[kYkk tkr¨- ;k foæ¨gkps dkj.k N¨Vk ukxiqjpsjktk] ;kapk Ykgku ÒkÅ gjukFk lgkbZ ;kus Ckj;kp xkokrhYk ‘¨rh]tehunkj] cfu;k] egktu] lkodkj vkf.k vkfnoklh ulYŸ;kijÁkarh; O;kikj~;kauk fnYkh- ;k ‘¨rtehuh eqaMk turÈP;k oMïkftZrg¨R;k- lkgftdp eqaMk tutkrÈe/;s ijÁkarh; O;kIkkj;kcÌYk vlar ”kok<Ykk- R;krqup foækasg lØh; >kYkk- foæskgkph vkx xkokxkokr]ifjljkr iljr xsYkh- ;k foæksgkr loZ vkfnoklh lkehYk >kY¨-R;kauh ijÁkarh; O;kIkkj;kadMwu ‘¨r tfeuh vkiY;k rkC;kr ?¨rY;kgk foækg rCcYk ,d o” Z pkYkYkk- loZ ijÁkarh;kauk O;kikj~;kauh N¨VkukxiqjP;k Òkxkrqu gqldkowu YkkoY¨- ;k foækgkr 3000 rs 4000eqaMk lgÒkxh >kY¨ g¨rs-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 33 34;k uohu fu;ekadMs eqaMk vkfnoklh o blkbZ eqaMk vkdf”kZr

göwu R;kaps fu;ekaps ikYku d: YkkxY¨- R;keqGs eqaMk vkfnoklÈe/;s,drsph Òkouk tkxr >kYkh g¨rh- fcjlk eqaMkus euöSKkfudklkj[¨lektkrhYk va/kfo’okl vkf.k dqÁFkkfo:Ì vkanŸku mÒs dsY¨- fcjlkeqaMk ;kauh vkfnoklÈuk la?kVhr d:u iq.kZ vkanŸku mÒs djrkaukvkiY;k vkanŸkukpk Òkx Eg.kwu ;sFkhYk O;oLFŸkk udkj nsÅufganqRook|kaP;k fo:/n Yk<k mÒkjYkk-

fcjlk eqaMkus vkiY;k uSlfxZd gôkalkBh la?k”kZ dsYkk- R;kpkgk la?k”kZ vkfnoklÈP;k lkaLÑfrd] lkekftd] jktdh; cnYkkphÁfd;k g¨rh- fcjlk eqaMkus cq/n d/khp okpYkk ukgh i.k cq/nkaphf’kdo.k R;kaP;k rRoKkukr Á[kjrsus tk.kor g¨rh- R;kauh egkRekQqY ]dchj] okpYkk ukgh rjh lkekftd] oSKkfudrsps rs Ápkjd g¨rs-fcjlkps Á’u le¨j ?öwu vkY¨ rh Áfd;k lekt cnYkklkBhYk d’kkghP;k /kkj.öj thou’©Ykh cufoYkh r¨ Òkjrh; Økarhphvk/kkjÒweh vkgs- fcjlk eqaMkauh b-l-1900 P;k ‘öVh vU;k;]vR;kpkj] va/kfo’oklkYkk Áfrdkj dj.;klkBh ,d uohu dB¨jfurh cuowu vlkekftd rRokauk foj¨/k dsYkk- lekt cnYkkpk fcjlkeqaMk ;kapk foækgs gk ,d vkfnoklÈP;k iw.kZ Lokra«;kpk foæksg g¨rk-

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vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk tekrhrhYk dkgh] jkts egkjktkphekfgrh ?öw ;k- baxzt Òkjrkr ;s.;kiqoÊ iklwu fÒYYk jkts g¨rs- R;krrMoh fÒYYk ;k tekrhrhYk jkts ns[khYk göwu xsY¨r- xqtjkr]jktLFkku] egkjk”Vª ;k Áns’kkr Ákeq[;kus rMoh fÒYYk gh eqG Yk<o;htekr vlwu frph,d osxGh v¨G[k vkgs- egkjk”Vªkr lkriqMk]lkrekG] /kqGs uanqjckj]tGxkao] e/;Áns’kP;k lhek Ykxr ;k ÒkxkrrMoh fÒYYk gh tekr fnlwu ;srs- ;kÒkxkr fÒYYk ;k tekrhps i¨Vtekrh o mii¨V tekrh ns[khYk ;k Òkxkr vkgsr- rlsp ;kpÁns’kkph foÒkx.kh d:u fÒYYkkP;k V¨GÓkk o R;kps jkts o jkt?kjk.khÁpfYkr g¨rs- vfLrRokr g¨rs- iqoÊp v¨G[k vlYŸkk fÒYkoLrhe¨BÓk Áek.kkr vlYŸkk fÒYk<k.kk vkrk cqYk<k.kk ;sF¨ fÒYYkkpsoLrhLFkku g¨rs-

lkriqMÓkkr vusd vkfnoklh jkts g¨rs- R;kr Ákeq[;kuslkriqMÓkkrhYk dkBh] jk;flaxiqj] xkBk] g¨;Mkt] vkenk] e¨jvkack]gfjiqj] flaxiqj] fÒYkBk.kk] n©Ykriqj] lüxko] oMrh] tkeBh ghvkfnoklh fÒYYkkph o rMoh fÒYkkph laLFkkus g¨rh- vkfnoklh fÒYYko rMoh fÒYYkkP;k x©joxkFkk ;k Áns’kkr vktgh xk;Ykh tkrr- ijarqlk/khÒ¨Gh] esgurh o ‘kqj rlsp LokehÒä vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkpho fÒYYkkP;k Y¨[kh nLrk,soth iqjkok gk vR;ar deh Áek.kkrmiYkC/k vkgs-la’k /kd] vH;kldkauh] bfrgkldkjkauh Eg.kkos rso<stkrhus Yk{k gs vkfnoklhP;k ‘k©;kZckcr ohjxkFkk ckcr fnYŸ¨ ukgh-gs Òkjrkps nqnSO; Eg.kkos YkkxsYk-

tursYkk YkqV.kkj;k lkodkjkYkk /kkd clfo.;kps dke raV;kuslq: dsY - lkodkj ekYkxqtkjkdMph laiÙkh YkqVqu xjtqx¨jxjhckaukns.;kP;k raV;kP;k i/nrheqGs vYidkGkr R;kph Áfrek tuuk;dv’kh cuYkh xsYkh- xjhckauk cSYk t¨MhlkBh enr dj. ] lkodkjkdMsphxgk.k tehu tqeYkk l¨Mfo.;kl enr dj.¨ xjhc ?kjP;k YkXudk;kZlekekP;k Òwfedsr enr dj.¨] óh;k vkf.k eqYkkauk v©nk;Z nk[kfo.¨bR;knh Yk¨dï;¨xh dkekeqGs fuekMP;k raV;k fÒYk ;kpk loZ Fkjkrwutuerkpk ikfBack ok<r dsYkk- nq”dkGkr /kkU; YkqVqu tursYkk okV.¨-;k dkj.kkeqGs R;kph tulkekU;krhYk Áfrek fg fujarj ok<r xsYkh-feGkYŸ;k YkqVhph jôesph okV.kh gh xjtqauk] xjhckauk dsY;kuarjckdh jôe gh raV;k lgdkj~;kauk okVqu Vkdr vls- ueZnk] rkihu|ke/khYk foa/; lkriqMk ;k ÒkxkrhYk fÒYYk] oatkjk] d¨jdq] ikojk]rMoh] vkf.k xjhc ‘¨rdjh ;kapsoj raV;kphp Ñik g¨r g¨rh- YkgkueqY¨ vkf.k o/n óh;ka’kh R;kp lUekukus okx.ka ;keqGs ;k ÒkxkrhYkloZ vk;k cfg.kÈuk raV;k gk vkiYkkp ÒkÅ okVq YkkxYkk g¨rk rlsploZ lkekU; tursle¨j raVÓkkph Áfrek nkrk o nkrRokpk dSokjhv’kh >kYkh g¨rh- ;keqGs baxztkfo:/nP;k R;kP;k lrrP; Yk<ÓkkrdkjokbZr ;k ÒkxkrhYk vkfnoklh R;kP;klkBh ftokoj mnkj göwuenr djhr vlr- mH;k vk;q”;kr R;kauh x¨jxjhckauh d/kh gkrYkkoYkk ukgh- R;kuak «kkl fnYkk ukgh- vukFk vkf.k vlgk; Yk¨dkaphlsok dj.;klkBh R;kauh lektrY;k /kunkaMX;kph YkqVekj dsYkh-R;kauk enr dsYŸ;k ek.kklYkk rs d/khgh foljr uls-‘ksoVh RkaV;k;kyk baxztkuh dSn dsys

raV;kua fn-19-11-1889 j¨th phQ dfe’kujkdMs ekQhfeGkoh Eg.kwu vtZ dsYkk g¨rk- fn-3-12-1889 j¨th phQ dfe’kujkauhukxiqj ckjP;k odhYkkaps vihYk QsVkGY¨ raV;kph Qk’khph rkjh[k 4-12-1889 j¨th BjYkh- vkf.k fn- 4-12-1889 j¨th tcYkiqj

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 49 50lüxko & fÒaxkjh laLFkku %

jkts flrkQ[kk rMoh ;kaph jkt/kkuh Eg.kwu n©Ykriwj tlcanhÁfl/n vkgs- lüxko fÒxkj~;kph jkts Eg.kwu flrkQ[kk gs vkiY;kÁns’kkr o R;kdkGkP;k ÒkjrkrhYk laLFkkukr v¨G[kY¨ tkr vlr-cqjgk.kiqj ¼e/;Áns’k½ toGP;k lkriqM;kP;k ik;F;k’kh gh laLFkkuLFkkfir g¨rh- r¨ rMoh fÒYYkkpk ,d Yk<O;k ‘kwj lsukirh g¨rk- iqosZdMhYk o e/;ÒkxkrhYk Áns’kkoj R;kph lÙkk g¨rh-

jkts flrkQ[kk rMoh ;kps eR;q uarj jk.kh tSrquckbZ rMohfgus dk;ZÒkj o jkT;dkjÒkj lkaÒkGYkk] tSrquckbZ jk.khus ckjdjhlekt iapk;r ijaijk iq<s lq: BsoYkh- R;kpcj¨cj vusd drZcxkjrMoh ljnkjkauk orunkjh o bukeh fnY;kr- o vkiY¨ lq’kklu iq<slq: BsoY¨- jkts flrkQ[kkP;k dkGkr [kkns’kkr Qk:[kh [kkunkukpho e¨?kYk jktkph lÙkk] g¨rh- gh lÙkk nh?kZdkGk ikosr¨ g¨rh- jktsflrkQ[kkaph jk.kh Qk:dh’kh rlsp jktiqr lezkV egkjk.kk Árki obrj jktiqr jktk’kh lYk¨[;kps lacan g¨rs-

vkfnoklh rMoh ljnkjkpk ‘k©;kZpk mi;¨x flrkQ[kkajkts;kus e¨BÓkk [kqchus jkT; LFkkiukusr dsYkk g¨rk- R;kps eR;quarj R;kphiÍjk.kh tSrquckbZ gh Lor% jkt dkjÒkj c?kw YkkxYkh- fuoMd ljnkjleosr rh jkT;Òj fQjr vls v’kh vk[;kf;dk Yk¨d ijaijsr rMohtekrhr lkafxrYkh tkrs-egkjk.kh tSrquckbZ rMoh- %

jkts flrkQjok rMoh ;kaps e‘R;quarj lüxko fÒxkaj;kphlÙkk frps toG vkYkh- vkiY;k irh Áek.¨p frus baxztk’kh d/khghtoGhd dsYkhukgh- rlps Qk:dh ;k ?kjk.;kph rlsp vlhjxMfd’kuxM rlsp jktLFkkukrhYk jktiqr jktka’kh frs lYk¨[;kps laca/kg¨rs- egkjk.kk Árkiflax ;kauh lkriqM;kP;k taxYk nj~;k[k¨j~;krT;kosGh vkJ; ?¨rYkk R;kosGh frP;k vkKk Áek.¨ fÒYYk vkfnoklho rMoh fÒYYkkuh lezkV egkjk.kk Árkiflag ;kauk lgkdk;Z enrdsYkh- e¨xYkkapk veaYk lkj[kk lq: vlrkauk frus cjkp dkG vkiYkhfj;klrs vckf/kr BsoYkh-vkiY;k ?k¨MÓkkoj Lokj göwu rh fj;klrhpk

rMoh fÒYk tekrhr dkgh laLFkkus o fj;klrh rlsporunkj göwu xsY¨r- R;kph mYY¨[k ;s.¨ Áek.¨ vkgsr- lnjphekfgrhvkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkP;kr lektkrhYk vR;ar o;Ldjo Yk¨d laLÑrhrqu e©f[kd lkekftd ijaijspk <kM¨Gk ?öwu ladfYkrd:u ns.;kr ;sr vkgs- rlsp jktiqr ÒkVk toGwu ekfgrh ?¨rYkhvkgs-rMoh laLFkku %

lkriqMÓkkr pïMk rkYkqD;kr oMrh gs Ákphu rMoh fÒYYkjkts lqtkr[kk rMoh ; jktkph laLFkkus g¨rh- ;k jktkYkk rMohphjkts Eg.kwu eqYkq[;kr Áfl/n g¨rk- lkriqMÓkkrhYk cjkp e¨BÓkkÒwÒkxkoj R;kps fu;a«k.k g¨rs- oMRkh gs xko Ákfpu le;h R;kphlaLFkkus Eg.kwu v¨G[kYkh tko;kph-

baxztkph R;kpsoj d¨.kR;kgh Ádkjps ca/kus gh lq:okrhlYkkoYkh ukgh- dkj.k baxzt Òkjrkr ;s.;kiqoÊ iklwu vusd fÒYYkjktkph laLFkkus gh lkriqMÓkkr o R;kYkxrP;k Áns’kkr dk;Zjr g¨rs-lkekftd furhfu;e g¨rs- eqnzk uk.kh g¨rh R;keqGs baxztkauhR;kpsdkjHkkjkr <oGk<oG u dj.;kpk lq:okrhl fu.kZ; ?¨rYkk g¨rk-

jkts lqtkr[kk gk vkiY;k ifjljkrhYk vkfnoklhdMwu‘¨rlkjk rxkbZ oSxjs olqYkhps dke gs laj{k.k iqjfoY;kP;k dkeholqYk djr vlra- rlsp dkgh Áeq[k fBdk.kh ckjdjh lektiapk;rhfp fu;qäh d:u R;kpsdMwu lektkrhYk ÒkaM. ] raVs rlspdkgh nq”ÑR;koj vkGk ?kkYk.;kps dke djr vlrrlsp lesV?kMfo.;kps o lkekftd ,dïk] ,SD; fVdfo.¨dkeh R;kaps dMuwdkes d:u ?¨r vlr- okjdjhpk Áeq[k gs jkts lqtkr [kk ;kph e/kY;k dkGkr ÒsV ?öwu jkT;krhYk ?kMke¨Mhph ekfgrh nsr vlr-dkgh xaÒhj x ”Vh vlY;kl jkts R;kckcr vkiY;k njckjkr fuR;kusnjckj Ò:u U;k;fuokMk djr vlr- jkts lqtkr ;kuh vkiY;kljnkjkdMwu fofo/k Ádkjps dkes djr R;kpk dk;ZdkG gk ‘kkarrke;g¨rk- lkriqMÓkkr oMrh ;k laLFkkusr cjkp dkG vf/kjkT; g¨rs-


Ádj.k 2 js

rMoh fÒYYkkP;k i¨Vtekrh rlsp mii¨Vtkrh tekrh

1½ rMoh fÒYYkvkfnoklh rMohph /kekZph O;k[;k % vkfnoklh rMoh

tekr gh Ákeq[;kus fulxZiwtd vkgs- vkfne rMoh vFkkZr fÒYYklaLÑrhr Ásf”krs] nsonwrseWlstj tUekYkk ;sowu R;kpsdMwu lekteukpsÁc¨/ku >kY;kps o R;kauh furhfu;e r;kj dsY;kps v’kk Lo:ikpslR;&vlR; o /kekZoj vk/kkjYŸkh lekt O;oLFkk fnlwu ;sr ukgh-rMoh laLÑrhr Ásf”krk djoh d¨.krsgh /keZxzaFk fnYŸkh ulrkr-vkfnekph thoulj.kh gh Lo;aÒw vkRe fLodkj o e©f[kd thouO;ogkjkP;k Òörh xqaQYŸkh vkgs- /kekZpk fopkj dsYkk rj mnk- fganqxhrk] bLYkke dqjk.k] f£’pu ck;cYk] f’k[k xq: xzaFk lkfgc] bR;knh/keZ xzaFk gh Ásf”krk djoh lekt eukr fo|eku txkP;k lektthoukr ÁpfYkr vkgs- o R;koj laiw.kZ txkps lekt leqg gkthou;kiu djrkr-

QsjQVdk aekjhr vls frP;k i¨’kk[k gk enkZuh g¨rk- [kka|koj canwdo dejsYkk rYkokj vlk;ph- vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk gh frYkk fÒaxkj;kph egkjk.kh rlsp fÒxkÚ;kph okf?k.k Eg.kwu v¨G[kr- rMohYk dok³~e;krqu vktgh frps x©joxkFkk gh ijaijsus xk;Ykh tkrkr-rlsp lkafxrY¨ tkrkr- rMoh ÒkV ;kaps fi<Ókk u fi<;kaP;k u aniqLrdkrgh iqoZtkP;k ;k u anh o tSrquckbZ o jkts flrkQ[kka orMohpk jkts lqtkr[kk ;kaps cÌYk fYkfgY¨ xsysys vkgs- gk ,sfrgkfldnLrk,sot vktgh jktiqr ÒkV rMoh ÒkVk toG lqjf{kr vkgs-tkeBh laLFkku ¼e/;Áns’k½

jkts jfge [kk YkkYk[kk rMoh gs tkeBh laLFkkukps loZlokZg¨rs- vdcj ckn’kkgus R;kauk lun fnYkh g¨rh rlspcf{kl Eg.kwuvkB gtkj ikp’¨ ,dj ,o<h Òw&Òkxkpkvf/kdkj fnYkk g¨rk- R;kÒw&ÒkxkrhYk o toGiklP;k loZ xkaokoj ns[kjs[k djrk jfge[kkrMoh ;kauk jkT;in cgkYk dsY¨- R;k Áns’kkpk jktk Eg.kwu vdcjkus?k f”kr dsY¨ g¨rs- jktiqr ÒkVk toG ;kP;k u anh ák fnlwu ;srkr-orunkj Eg.kwu rs v¨G[kY¨ tkr g¨rs-

tkrh O;oLFkk vlY;kus [kkuns’kkrhYk fganq jktkauh fÒYYk]rMoh] ;kauk vkiY;k lSU;kr lkehYk dsY¨ ukgh- ijarq Qk:dh jkt?kjk.;krhYk jktkauh R;kuk vkiY;k lSU; nYkkr lkehYk dsY - fÒYYk]rMoh ;kaph 40000 is{kktkLr Q©t Qk:dhps lSU;nYkkr g¨rh-R;kpÁek.¨ vdcj ckn’kgkP;k lSU;kr ns[khYk rMoh ljnkj g¨rs-rlsp jktiwr jkts o lezkV egkjk.kk izrkiflag ;kaps lSU;kr rMoh ofHkYy ljnkj lkehy gksrs o vdcj] Qk:dh o egkjk.kk izrkiflag;kauh R;kaps ‘k©;Z c?kwu bukes] cf{kls] tgkxhjh fnY;k g¨R;k- R;ke/;s oMrh] Yk¨gkjk ]e¨gjn] fcMxkao] rlsp e/;Áns’k YkxP;k dkghxkokrhYk rMohuk orunkj Eg.kwu ?k¨f”kr dsY¨ g¨rsvktgh ;kxkaokrhYk R;k R;k ifjokjkrhYk rMoh [kkunkukrhYk ek.kla gs orunkjEg.kwu v¨G[kY¨ tkrkr-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 53 54jkgr - R;kus dsYŸ;k vkpkj.kkeqGs lektkoj pkaxY¨ okbZV ifj.kkegs g¨r vlrkr- R;kph /kkfeZd ijaijk R;k fof’k”V leqgkph ijaijkEg.kwu Yk¨dekU;rk ikor vlrs- vkfnoklh lekt gk l“VhP;kdk;Zdkj.k Òkokuq:Ik Ñrh o Kku laikfnr djr vlr¨-

Rklsp leqgkr thou txr jkgqu lektkP;k ifj?kkr r¨txr vlr¨ vFkkZr leqgeukph ladsr:ih leqPp;rk o lektkps,sD; Òkousr r¨ vkpj.k djr jkgr¨ o txr jkgr - gkp R;kpkeqYkea«k vlr¨- vkfnekaP;k ;k fu/keÊ lektkcÌYk dkgh la’k¨/kdkpsers vkgsr- Yk¨c¨ ;k la’k¨/kdkus EgVY¨ vkgs dh]

/keZ gh vk;q”;kph vuqÒokrhYk Òkouk vlwu T;ke/;sekuok O;frfjä ,dk fulxZ’kähpk fopkj dsYkk tkr¨- T;kphÁfprh gh ekuokYkk u le>.kkÚ;k ?kVusYkk ikgqu o r¨ Ò;ÒhrrFkk foLe;dkjd >kYkk rsOgk fuekZ.k >kYkh o R;kr vkYkh-

MkW-enu] MkW- etqenkj ;kaps vkfnoklh /kekZckcr Eg.k.¨dh] /keZ gh ,d vYk©fdd ‘käh vlwu ;k ‘kähoj fo’oklkpkifj.kke vFkkZr th fo’¨”k O;ogkjkfjäkaps furhfu;es ÁLFkkfir dsYŸ¨vkgs- R;k vYk©fdd ‘kähP;k ;k fu;ekaoj mi;qä fo’oklkYkk/keZ EgVY¨ vkgs-

vkfnoklh rMohp s thoueku g s lkeqnk f;dÒkofo’oklkuqlkj] J/nsuqlkj pkYkr jkgkos- lxGÓkk Yk¨dkae/;s :<hijaijkaps ikYku] vkLFkk lkeqnkf;d rdZ&fordZ ;k i/nhrhusvkfnoklhps lai.kZ thoupØ vlwu vYk©fdd ‘kähP;k fo”k;kckcrvkfnoklhP;k eukr J/nk] Ò;] vknj] dqrqgYk rFkk laÒze vkfnÒkouk vlYŸ;k vk<Grkr- vkYk©fdd ‘käh fg uSlfxZd mYYkklojvf/kdkj xktor jkgrs- R;kp Áek.¨ ekuoh vkj¨X; larhr le/nh;kph ÁkIrh rFkk b”V vfu”V x¨”Vhpk frP;kp Ñisoj voYkacwujkgrkr-v’kh vkfnoklh rMohph /kkj.kk vkgs-

ijarq vkfnoklh gs vkiYkk /keZ ekuork o tkr rs T;kns’kkr jkgrkr r¨ ns’k Áns’k r¨ ns’k rs ekurkr- mnk- Òkjrkrjkg.kkjs vkfnoklh gs fganqLFkkuh vkgsr- vesfjdrs jkg.kkjs vesfjdu]vkfQØsr jkg.kkjs vkfÝdu vkgsr bR;knh- v’kkÁdkjs vkiY;kekrÒweh’kh ,dkdkj ,d:Ik o Áse o fu”Bk Bso.kkjs gs ÒkjrkrhYkvkfnoklh vkgsr-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk gs fganq ukghr rlsp rs eqlYkeku rjeqGhp ukgh- R;kaph fÒYYk laLÑrh ]rMoh laLÑrh vlwu R;kUo;s rsvkpj.k djrkr- R;kps laLÑrhr ÁpfYkr o iqokZikj pkYkr vlYŸ;k:<h pkYkhfjrh] ijaijk] laLÑrh] ;kUo;s rs txr vlwu R;kaukvkiY;k rMoh laLÑrhpk vfÒeku] LokfÒeku vkgs- ijarq R;kapsojfganqps dkgh laLdkj rlsp bLYkkeps dkgh laLdkj mpYŸ¨ vkgsr- oR;kaps ns[khYk rs ikYku djrkr ijarq R;kauh vkiYkh eqG fÒYYk laLÑrhrMoh laLÑrh ;kpk R;kx o l¨MYŸkh ukgh- vkiY;k laLÑrhpsvuqdj.k rs vktP;k 21 O;k ‘krdkr ns[khYk djrkr-R;kauk eqfLYkeEg.k.ks o fganq Eg.k.¨ gs iq.kZr% ;¨X; g¨.kkj ukgh vls eYkk okVrs-ekÖ;k erkÁek.¨ vYk©fdd ‘käeqGs fulxkZr o ekuoh thoukr fnO;?kVukØe o n’; vn’; Lo:ikP;k ijYk©fdd o uSlfxZd thouØekrcnYk g¨rkr- rlsp lkekftd ,d I;kaps o xqIr ladsr ogukOnkjs?kkYkqu fnYŸ¨ ts lkaLÑfrd ijaijsrhYk e©f[kd furhfu;e o lkaf?kdthou’©Ykh fnlwu ;srs- R;kYkkp vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkpk /keZO;oLFkk o ekuorkoknh /kekZpj.kkRed lkekftd thoulj.kh g¨;-vls vki.kkal Eg.krk ;sbZYk- v’kkÁdkjs J/nkfo’o o fu”Bk rlspekuorkokn v’kk f«klq«kkr vkfnoklh rMohps thoukpk ca/k gkxqaQYŸkk vkgs-

ijrqq O;äh ,dk fof’k”V leqgkpk ,d ?kVd vlr¨ vkf.kr¨ ;k fof’k”V leqgkus ?kkYkqu fnYŸ;k fu;ekUo;s /kekZpj.k djr

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 55 56rlsp ;k fo’okP;k iq<s vtqu ,d vnq’; fo’o vkgs

v’kh vkfnoklhph /kkj.kk vkgs- ;kp dkj.kkLro vkfnoklhpsthoukek/;s /keZ vkf.k fo’o’kähP;k vYk©fdd Lo:ikaoj J/nkvkgs- vkfnoklh rMoh ;kaph vusd dqGs vkgsr- gh dqGs uk;dko:uo xkokP;k ukoko:u cuYŸkh vlrkr- leku dqGkr l¨;jhd]YkXu] /kkfeZd pYkuoYku g¨r ulrkr- rlsp R;k R;k dqGkphdqGnSorsgh osxosxGh vlrkr- mnk-c¨jOgk;s ;k ifjokjkph [kkunkukphdqGnsork gh Òokuh ek; vlrs- rj l¨;ds ;k ifjokjkph [kkunkukphdqGnsork gh euqnsoh gh vkgs- Ykgku ckYkdkps tkmGfo/kh frP;kpj.kh okgrkr- rlsp rsF¨ x¨M Òkrkps tso.k nsrkr- rMoh gsijaijsuqlkjlkaLÑfrd fjokt o fjrhÒkrh vkgsr- rMoh ;kauh vkiYkhvkfnoklh laLÑrh oh ijaijspk R;kx ek«k dsYŸkk ukgh- r¨ vktghiqoÊÁek.¨p thou txrkuk fnlrkr-vkfnoklh rMoÈoj lqQhlarkpk ÁÒko %

vkfnoklh rMoh ;kapsoj vusd lqQh larkpk ÁÒko fnlr¨-R;kr Áeq[;kus xjhc uokWt [kkWtk] eqbZuqÌhu fp’rh] b-l- 1142r 1236 ;kaps uko Ákeq[;kus ?;kos YkkxsYk- lkriqMÓkkr fo[kqjYŸ;kvkfnoklÈoj R;kpk ÁÒko g¨rk- laiq.kZ Òkjrh; mi[kaMkr T;kapkÁÒko iMYkk vls[okWtk eqbZuqÌhu fp’rh b-l- 1142 e/;slatj]if’kZ;k ;sF¨ tUekYkk vkY¨] ijarq R;kphdeZÒweh gh Òkjrkruko:ikYkk vkYkh- jktLFkkukrkhYk vtesj ;sF¨ [okWtk lkgsckapsokLrO; jkfgY¨- Òkjrkr bLYkkepk t¨ Álkj >kYkk R;kps lxGs Js;gs [oktk lkgsckaukfnY¨ tkrs-Yk¨dkauh xjhc uokt xjhckaoj fo’ ”kÑik dj.kkjs gh mik/kh R;kaukfnYkh R;kauh e¨BÓkk Áek.kkoj dsYŸkk/keZÁlkjkus dkgh bfrgkldkj R;kpsoj ukjkt vlys rjh nX;kZoj vktgheqlYkekukis{kk eqfLYkesRrj vf/kd ;srkr eaMGh ÒkjrkrhYk fofo/k dksiÚ;krqu;srkr- ikfdLrku]JhYkadk];sFkwugh Òkfod ;srkr o gtsjh Ykkorkr] vtesjYkk

vkfnoklh rMohps fu/keÊ;rk o /kekZpj.k %vkfnoklh thoukr vusd nsorkauk ekU;rk vkgs- rs

fulxZiqtd vkgsr- lq;Z] paæ] u|k] >kMs] vkdk’k] rkjs] bR;knhpsrs eu¨Òkos iwtk vpkZ djrkr- dkj.k ;k nsorkaeqGs vkiY;kYkkÑikN«k YkkÒr vlrs- o laiérk ÁkIr g¨rs] v’kh R;kph /kkj.kkvkgs- czãnso] lQssnnso] gjknso] fulxZnso] ok?k¨cknso ;k nsorkapheqrÊ gh ekrhiklwu cuYŸkh vlrs- ;k nsorkapsM¨ds gs cSYkkP;kflaxkÁek.¨ vlwu R;kps r¨M cSYkkÁek.¨ vlrkr- R;kauk xkokpsj{k.k g¨rs- v’kh vkfnoklh rMohph /kkj.kk vkgs-

vkfnoklh Yk d [kaM¨ck ok?knso¨ph iwtk djrkr- R;keqGsxkokrhy lk/kulkeqxzhph j{kk g¨rs- rlsp ‘¨rh] ihds] ik.kh] j¨xjkbZ]iqj bR;knh fulxZdïkiklwu j{kk g¨rs- v’kh R;kph lektekU;rkvkgs-iqtk vpZuk gh Ò¨T;k isduk vFkkZr T;kP;k vaxkr fij¨ckpk onsokapk okjk ;sr¨ v’kk O;ähekQZr dsYkh tkrs- gk Ò¨T;k vFkkZriqtkjh gk vkn’kZ uSfrd o ifo«k vlk vlwu r¨ vkfnoklh rMohpasnq%[k fuokj.kkFkZ fofo/k ozr vaeYk djr¨- v’kh vkfnoklh rMohph/kkj.kk o J/nk vkgs-

vkfnoklh rMoh ;kphv’khgh /kkj.kk vkgs dh] fulxkZrvYk©fdd ‘käh vkgs- fo’okrhYk loZÁdkjP;k ?kVuk ;k ‘käheqGso fu;a«k.kkrqu ?kMrkr- lxGÓkk ladVkps foe¨pu ;k vnÒqr ‘käheqGsg¨rs- fo’okps ;k fo’kkYk vuqÒokrqu lxGÓkk /kekZpk fodkl gk>kYŸkk vkgs- lw;Z]paæ]xzg.k] _rqØe] ouJh] Ik’kwoxZ] Òqdai]vXuhÁdï] iqj] egkiqj]vfro”Vh] tUe] eR;q bR;knhph ifj.kkegk euq”;kP;k eukoj g¨r¨- Ò;] foLe;] mRdaBk] ftKklk]vkuan]’k d] bR;knhpk mæsd ekuoh var%dj.kk e/;s ;k ifjfLFkrhrqug¨r vlr - gh vkfnoklh rMoh tekr ‘kqÒ&v’kqÒ] ‘kdqukojfo’okl Bso.kkjh vkgs-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 57 58Òkjrh; Lokra«; mBkokr ns[khYk vkfnoklh rMoh]fÒYYk] ujBsrMoh gs lgÒkxh g¨rs- R;kauh ;k laxzkekr baxztkfo:/n caM d:uR;kuk foj¨/k dsY;kpk o /kqekdqG ?kkYkhr R;kauk lG¨ dh iG¨dsY;kpk rlsp Òwehxr göwu xko¨xkoh ;qodkauk la?kVhr dj.;kpsdke dsY;kpk bfrgkl vkgs- Òkjrkps ifgY¨ lsukuh Eg.kwu rsv¨G[kY¨ tkrkr- R;keqGs v©jaxtsckP;k tqYke o tcjnLrhusrMoÈP;k iqoZtkauh bLYkke LohdkjYkk vkgs gs d¨’kdkjkps Eg.k.¨mfpr okVr ukgh- dkj.k 440 o”kkZiqoÊps rMoÈoj bLYkkepklqQhlarkpk vFkkZr xjhcuokt [oktk eqb.k¨Ìhu fp’rh ;kaP;kf’kdo.khpk rlsp R;kP;k n;kiq.kZ o lfg”.kwoknh] loZ/keZleÒkoiq.kZlekt Ác¨/kukRed fopkjkapk ÁÒko gk fnlwu ;sr¨- R;keqGs egkjk”Vª‘kCnd¨’kdkj ;kaps fo/kku pqdhpsp EgVY¨ ikfgts- rlsp lkriqMÓkkrhYkvkfnoklhfÒYYk] rMohoj xjhcuokt [oktk eqb.k¨Ìhu fpf’rfutë¨Ìhu vŸkh;k] lSYkkuh ckck] taxYkh ohj ckck rlsp xqYkkegkjkt ;k lqQh larkP;k f’kdo.khpk ÁÒko gk e¨BÓkk Áek.kkrfnlwu ;sr¨-

Òkjrh; Lokra«; Yk<;kr egkRek xka/kh leosr vusdvkfnoklh rMoh o fÒYYkkauh Lokra«; pGoGhr Òkx ?ksrYkk vkgs-vkfnoklh rMoh Lokra«; lSfudkaph o Økarhdkjdkph ekfgrh ghns.;kr ;sbZYk ;kiq<hYk Ádj.kkr vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkoj lqQhlarkpkÁÒko dlk iMYkk o R;k lqQh larkphekfgrh gh ;kiq<s Lora«kÁdj.kkr ns.;kr ;sr vkgs-vkfnoklh rMhohph O;k[;k %

rYkokj o /kuq”;ck.k pkYkfo.kkjs Yk¨dkauk rMoh vls EgVY¨tkrkr R;kp Áek.¨ rkRdkYkhu e/; ÒkjrkrhYk fÒYYkkP;k Áeq[kklEgksjD;kl rMoh Eg.k.;kr ;sr g¨rs- R;kps vuq;k;h R;k Áeq[kkojo Eg¨jD;koj iq.kZ fo’oklwu R;kph vkKk ikGr rjch vls vjchÒk”¨r ‘kCn vlwu R;kpk vFkZ ekxZn’kZu ok okVkGÓkk vlk vkgs-

okLrO; vlYŸ¨ [okWtk lkgsckaps fo’¨”k ÑikN«kYkkÒYŸ¨ R;k R;kifjljkrhYk vkfnoklh fÒYYk] rMoh R;kpk fo’ ”k ÁÒko iMYkk-R;kps lfg”.kwoknh o n;kiq.kZ Ác¨/kukrqu rs bUlkfu;rph dSfQ;reakMhr vlr- R;keqGs lkriqM;krhYk vkfnoklÈoj R;kapk ÁÒkoiMwu R;kuh bLYkkeoj beku vk.kwu rsbekuh bLYkkeh >kY¨r-lkriqM;krhYk [kkns’kkrhYk vkfnoklhrMoh gs vlspbekuhbLYkkeh>kYŸ¨ vkgsr- ijarq bLYkke LohdkjYkk rjh rMoÈuh vkfnoklhpkYkfjrh] :<h ijaijk o laLÑrhpk R;kx ek«k dsYŸkk ukgh- rsvktgh 21 O;k ‘krdkrxq.;k x¨foankus ukanr vkgsr- fganq] eqfLYkeovkfnoklh laLÑrh vlk f«kos.kh laxe R;kps fnlwu ;sowuloZ/keZleÒkousps mÙke mnkgj.k txkle¨j Bso.kkjs gs Yk¨d vkgsr-

vkfnoklh rMoh ;kpscÌYk vf/kd tk.kwo ?¨rk vls fnlrsdh rMoh ckVqu eqlYkeku >kYŸ fÒYYk vlrs egkjk”Vª ‘kCn d¨’kkrfoÒkx i”B 1456 oj EgVY¨ vkgs- fÒYYkkP;k eq[; ‘kk[ïklwuQqVqu rM Eg.kts nqj >kY¨- v’kk Yk dkauk rMoh vls Eg.krkr- ¼76½

rlsp tGxko ftYákP;k xW>sfV;jP;k u anhÁek.¨ loZprMoh gs fÒYYkkaps oa’kt vkgsr- v©jaxctsckus 1685 rs 1707lkriqMÓkkrhYk rMohuk orus o bukekps ÁYk¨Òu nsowu bLYkke/kekZdMs v¨<GÓpk Á;Ru >kYkk vlkok ijarq ‘kqj fÒYYkkps oa’ktrMoh ;kauh v©jaxtsckaP;k rYkokjhP;k cGkoj] rlsp ‘kqj ohjLokfÒekuh rMoÈuh eR;qP;k Òhrhus bLYkke LohdkjYkk gs iVrukgh- dkj.k vkiY;k ‘k©;kus fÒYYk] rMoh ;kauh ÒkjrkrhYkv/kkZis{kk tkLr Òq&Òkx ftadY¨rk g¨rk R;kauh ejkBs] jktiqr] e¨xYkbaxzt v’kkauk ijkÒqr dsYŸ¨ g¨rs- lq:okrhl jktiqrka’kh R;kaps lYk[;kpslaca/k g¨rs- jktiqr jkts tsOgk fot; g¨r rsOgk rs fot;kfrYkd Eg.kuwfÒYYkkaps vaxB;kps jä ekF;kYkk Ykkohr vlr- iq<s fÒYYkkps o rMohpsok<rs lkezkT; c?kqu jktiqr jkts R;kaps foj /kh >kY¨r-1857 pkifgY;k

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 59 60ojhYk Yk dxhrkP;k ‘kCnkP;k vFkZ ;s.¨ Áek.¨ vkgs-lVoh & uf’kc fYkgh.kkjh nsohek; & vkbZ>qYkk & ikG.kkegknso & vkfnoklh rMoh o fÒYYkkaps eqG vkjk/; nSorlgknso & dqGkpkjkÁek.¨ fofo/k dqYknsorkauk vkokgu

dsY¨ tkrs- ;k Yk dxhrkOnkjs ‘kwj iqoZT;kaph eku/kkj.kh d:u dqYknsorsYkkvkokgu dsY¨ tkrs- rlsp egknsok lkj[kk ‘kwjfoj lqiq«k YkkÒ¨ R;kapsulkaulkr vaxkvaxkr nSoh’käh Áos’k dj¨ v’kh ÁkFkZuk djrkr-v’kk Ádkjs gk l¨gGÓkkpk lïkLdkj lair - rMoh gk uqlrk ‘kCnulwu r¨ ikjaikjkxar thoulj.kh o vkfnoklh fÒYYkkph rh ,dv¨G[k vkgs- v’kk Ádkjs ;q/nkr ijkØe xktfo.kkjs o egknsolkj[¨ Árki rkaMo dj.kkjs ‘kwj ljnkjkauk rMoh Eg.kwu v¨G[k.;kr;srs- vls EgVY;kl okoxs Bj.kkj ukgh-

,danj Yk dokMe; rlsp Yk¨dxhrkpk vH;kl dsY;klvkfnoklhP;k thoulj.khoj Ádk’k>¨r iMr - ;k x¨”VhdMs Òkjrh;bfrgkldkjkauh o la’k /kdkauh nqYkZ{k dsY¨ o Eg.kkos rso<s iqjkosmiYkC/k vlrkauk u an ?¨rYŸkhukgh gs gh nqnSO; Eg.kkos Ykkxrs- ;kYk dok³~e;kr o Yk dxhrkrqu vusd Á’ukph mdYk gksrs- ijarq rhigk.¨ph fujkxl oÙkh o fuLokFkZ Òkouk vlko;kl ikfgts rhÒkouk bfrgkldkjkuk o vH;kldkauh nk[kfoYŸkh ukgh-

e/; ÒkjrkrhYk ¼rRdkYkhu e/; Òkjr½ fÒYYkkaP;k Áeq[kklrMoh Eg.kr o R;kaps vuq;k;h R;koj iq.kZ fo’okl Bsowu R;kaP;kvkKk ikGr- 1857Ykk baxztkauh fÒYYkkaph caMkGh e¨MYkh o iŸkhl[kkR;kr fÒYYk d¨vj mek:u baxztkauh fÒYYkkauk fnerhl BsoY¨ dWIVufczt Eg.kr¨ Yk<kbZ o nq”dkG ;keqGs rMoh fÒYYkkauh lkrekGk olkiqMk jkxkapk vkJ; ?¨rYkk-

taxYk]M axj [k Ú;kps jLrs nk[kfo.kkjs o taxYkkrhYk fgó Ák.;kiklwuj{k.k dj.kkÚ;kauk ns[khYk rMoh vls EgVY¨ tkr g¨rs R;kpÁek.¨vkiY;k xkokph rlsp ikM;kph laj{k.kkph cktq lkaÒkG.kkjs rlsprVj{kd nYkkP;k lSU;krhYk ljnkjkauk o f’kikbZ ;kauk rMoh Eg.kwuv¨G[kY¨ Kkr vlr- ;q/nkr ‘kq«k i{kkoj ?kk.kk?kkrh ÁFke QGhrgYYkk d:u ;q/nÒwehr rkaMo dj.kkj~;k ‘kwj ljnkjkauk ns[khYk rMohEg.k.¨r ;sr g¨rs-

vkfnoklh rMoh gs egknsokl vkiY¨ Áeq[k nSor ikoZrhlfÒYYkhu ekrk Eg.kwu iwtr vlr ;kps iqjkos- Òkjrh; iqjk.kkrlkiMrkr rkaMo gk ‘kadjkph j©æ vorkj g¨rk- vktgh rMoh fÒYYkgs ckG tUeY;kuarj 5 O;k fno’kh uotkr ckGkYkk >¨Ghr Vkdquikp loklhu gs nxMh ojoaVk o brj oLrqph iqtk djr >¨Gh d:ufQjor R;k lokZlhu ,dsesdÈP;k gkrkr r¨ ojaoVk nsr egknsokl o‘kwj iqoZtkaps] nsorkps Lej.k djrkr rs Yk¨dxhr vls vkgs-

>qYkk cka/kYkk laVoh ek; ALkgknsoY;k AAEkgknso |k>qYkk cka/kYkk o lVoh A

Ek; egknso |kLkgknso ?;k AEkgknso |k ALknjP;k fo/kh gk lw;kZLr g¨.;kiqoÊ djrkr ;kr Qä

óh;kapk lgÒkx vlr¨- fo/kh laiY;koj x¨M r aM dj.¨r ;srkr-rlsp ckGkph vkbZ jk«kh >ïrkauk ckGkP;k M¨D;k[kkYkhYk pknjhP;k[kkYkh rYkokj] /kuq”;ck.k gs izkphu dkGh Bsor vlr- vkar isu]ikVh] ogh] iqLrd v’kk oLrq Bsorkr- lVh gh R;k Áek.¨ vkiY;kvkf’kokZn nsr v’kh /kkj.kk vkgs-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 61 62fjokt vkgs- fofo/k l.k mRlok njE;ku uojk«k mRlok njE;kumiokl djrkr- ;kr ?kjkrhYk cqtqxZ efgYkk o loklhu gh dqYknSohpsukokus rlsp brj nsonsorkaphs miokl djrkauk fnlrkr vktghlnjph ijaijk vfLrRokr vkgs-

3½ vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk gs tjh fganq laLÑrhps ijaijspsikYkudjhr vlY¨ rjh rs fganq’kh Qä j¨Vh O;ogkj vkgs- csVh O;ogkjvFkkZr YkXu] lk[kjiqMk /kkfeZd pYkuoYku rs Qä vkiY;kpvkfnoklh fjrhfjoktk] laLÑrh Áek.¨ djrk- vkiY;kp dqGkpkjkÁek.¨ djrkr- fganq’kh Qä rs j¨Vh O;ogkj djrkr- vktghlnjph ijaijk fnlwu ;srs- vkiY;kp rMoh tekrhrhYkO;äh’kh rsl¨;jhd djrkr- dkj.k ,dkp dqGkrhYk O;äh gs jälaca/k oÒkÅcan vlY;kps rMoh ekurkr- ákp Áek.¨ ,dkp xkokrhYkO;äh fdaok eqYkh’kh ns[khYk l¨;fjd O;äh fdaok eqYkh’kh ns[khYkl¨;fjd tqGr ukgh dkj.k rs ,dsesdkaps xko ÒkÅ cfg.k o jäkpsukrs laca/k rMohpk vkgs- Eg.kwup YkXu l¨;fjd djrkauk rh O;ähnqL;k xkokcj¨cjp fo:/n dqGhr goh ijarq vkrk 21 O;k ‘krdkr,dkp xkokrhYk eqYkk eqYkhps l¨;fjd laca/k tqGw YkkxY¨ vkgsr- i.krs dqGkpkjk Áek.¨ vkgsr- vV Qä r¨ O;äh gh fo:/n dqGkrhYkpgoh- vktgh lnjph ijaijk fVdqu vkgs- v’kk Ádkjs fganq laLÑrh’khj¨Vh O;ogkj vkgs- ;kr ‘kadk ukgh- rlsp eqlYkekuk’kh ns[khYkQä j¨Vh O;ogkj vkgs- csVh O;ogkj ukgh vkgs- fganq laLÑrhÁek.¨ tls miokl /kjrkr R;kpÁek.¨ j¨tk /kj.;kpk o uekti<.;kph fjokt ns[khYk fnlwu ;sr¨-

4½ fookg ÁFkk vkfnoklh rMoh gs vkiY;k vkfnoklhafjrhfjoktÁek.¨ o ijaijsuqlkjlq:okrhl djrkr o uarj ex bLYkkehfjoktkuqlkj fudkg Ykkowu ijaijkps ikYku dj.;kr ;sowu lnjpkfookg fudkg laer dj.;kr ;sr¨-

rMoh fÒYYk psgjsiÍho:u l©jk”Vªh; oa’kkr e¨Mr vlY;kpkvusd ekuooa’k ‘kkóKkapk rdZ vkgs-

rMoh fÒYYk map cka/;kps] rxMs] ns[k.¨ vlrkr- R;kpki ”kk[k [kkuns’kh ‘¨rdÚ;k Áek.¨ vlr¨- 40-50 o”kkZiklwu gsYkd dejsl rYkokjh YkVdkowu fQjr vlr Dofpr Álaxh rhjdeBkgh Bsor-

rMoh laLÑrhus fganq laLÑrhrhYk o bLYkke laLÑrhpsmpYkYŸ¨ dkgh laLdkj o oSf’k”VS %

1½ rMoh gs fÒYYkkaps oa’kt vkgsr- vkfnoklh rMoh ;kauhfganq laLÑrhrqu dkgh laLdkjkps rs ikYku djrkr rMoh gs lk[kjiqMkrlsp YkXufo/kh l¨gGk ikj ikM.;kiqoÊ egknsokP;k eafnjkrhYkiqtkÚ;kph ÒsV ?öwu YkXukpk o lk[kjiqM;kr eqgqrZ rlsp loklhuhphukaos dk<.;kph ÁFkk vkgs- iqtkÚ;kYkk vkiY;k ifjokjkrhYk 13&14lokluh o R;kaph irhphukaokph ;knh ns.;kr ;srs- rlsp egknsokpsn’kZu ?öwu JhQG viZ.k d:u dqYknsorsps Lej.k d:u U;©rkns.¨ph ÁFkk vkgs- iqtkjh iapkx c?kwu uaonso uojhps ‘kqÒfnol BjowuR;kaph ukaos if«kdsr tjcnYk djko;kl gok vlsYk rj rls rslqporkr- R;kpÁek.¨ loklhuhps ukos gh xOgkph ful.kh ¼x¨;l¨;uh½ dfjrk dk<.;kr ;srkrv’kkÁdkjs egknsokP;k iqtkj~;kdMwufdaok czkã.kkdMwu YkXukph o lk[kjiqM;kph rkjh[k o ‘kqÒ loRlhudk<.;kph Ákfpu ijaijk vktgh 21 O;k ‘krdkr vkfnoklhrMoh ;kaps igko;kl feGrs-

2½ vkfnoklh rMoh laLÑrhr fganq laLÑrhr Áek.¨ dqGkpkjijaijk vfLrRokr vkgs- dqGkpkj ijaijk vlY;kus vFkkZrp dqYknsohfg rMoh lektkrdqGkÁek.¨ fnlwu ;srs- fofo/k dqGs gs xkaokP;kukoko:u o uk;dkP;k dqYknSorkP;k ukoko:u dqGs o dqGkpkjfjrhfjokt gs vk<kGwu ;srkr- mnk- l¨;ds ;k dqGkph euqnsoh ghdqYknSor vkgs- rlsp c¨jOgk;s ;k dqGkph Òkouh ek; ghdqYknSor vkgs- rMoh tekrhr fganq ijaijsuqlkj miokl dj.;kpk

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 63 64ijaijsps ikYku d:u o d¨.krsgh lkekftd oknfookn] erÒsn udjrk lkekftd ,dÏ;kus] tkrh; lYk¨[;kus xq.;kx foankus txrvkgs- txkle¨j jk”Vªh; v[kaMrsps d¨.krsgh mnkgj.k lkiM.¨ gseq’dhYk vkgs vlsp ueqn djkols okVrs-

11½ vkfnoklh rMoh Yk dkaps vkgkjkr pV.kh] Òkdj] Bspk]mMn nkG] rlsp fr[kV oj.k] nkG] pkoYk] rlsp ‘kkdkgkjh o dkghÁek.kkr eklkgkj ns[khYk vlr¨-

12½ fof’k”V l.k] mRlo] ;k«kk] m:l ;k njE;ku dkghrMoh lektkrhYk Yk d miokl /kjrkr R;k njE;ku rs vé oxSjsoT;Zdjrkr- rlsp dkgh ihjoYkhP;k lanYke/;s lokjhr vkuankus Òkx?¨rkr- ;k fno’kh eafnjkr Òokuh ek;ph fdaok euqnsohph rlsp dqGnsorkaph v¨Vh Òjrkr- R;k njE;ku [khj pikrhoj fdaok nfg&Òkrkojx¨M Òkrkoj n:n Qkfrgk i<orkr o rs loZ tu okVqu feGwufelGwu [kkrkr-

13½ laiw.kZ rMoh lektkr xëkal [kk.¨ fuf”k/n ekuY¨xsYŸ¨ vkgs- rMohps iqoZtkaiklwulnjph ijaijk vkgs- vkfnoklhrMohe/;s xk;hYkk x¨ ekrk Eg.kwu iqtfu; ekurkr- frsp nq/k gsuotkr ckGkYkk iktrkr rs iktY;kus ckGkYkk bZ’ojh ‘käh ovk’khokZn YkkÒr¨ vlk ns[khYk let gk vkfnoklh tekrhrÁkeq[;kus fnlr¨- e¨BÓkk Áek.kkr x¨ ikYku dj.;kps dke gsvkfnoklh djrkr- vYYkkph x© rlsp bZ’ojkph x© Eg.kqu frpkmYY¨[k djrkr- ijarq Ákfpu vkLFkkps ikYku djrkuk dkgh rMohdqGkrhYk ifjokjkrhYk ek.kla gh vYkhdMs 21 O;k ‘krdkrxëkl[kkrkuk fnlrkr-ijarq loZp vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk ek«k Ákfpu ijaijpsikYku d:u vktgh xëkal [kk.¨ fuf”k/n ekurkr- R;kuqlkj vkpkj.kdjrkuk fnlrkrgs gh frrdsp [kjs vlY;kps ueqn djko;kl okVrs-

5½ fuork fjokt % vkfnoklh rMoh laLÑrhrdqGkpkjkÁek.¨ YkXukph ijaijk vkgs- ,[kknk ifjokj¼[kkunku½ T;kxkokapk eqG jkg.kkj vkgs- rlsp R;kps iqoZt [kkunkukps T;kÒkxkr] Áns’kkr xkokr jkgr g¨rs- R;k xkaokrhYk ihj¨ckYkk rlspdqGnsohYkk fuorkns.¨ph ijaijk vkgs- dqYknsohP;k pj.kh ikukpkfoMk lqikjh o gGn YkkoYŸ¨ dM/kkU; b-:ikus pj.kh fuork fnYkktkr¨- vkea«k.k fnY¨ tkrs- rlsp fij¨ckP;k etkjhoj ns[khYk ;kpi/nrhus fuork fnYkk tkr¨-

6½ ukX;k Ò¨Ú;k fjokt % YkXukP;k osGh o/kwph v¨VhÒjYkh tkrs- lnjph v¨Vh loklhu Òjrkr- YkXukiqoÊ gk fo/kh dsYkktkr¨- lnjph gh v¨Vh uojh gh n Ugh gkrkus vkiY;k dacjsYkki¨VktoG cka/kwu Bsors rh ?kjkrclYŸkh vlrs frP;k v¨Vhr[kkYkhYk oLrq vlrkr-

5 [k¨cjk okV;k] 5 gGnhps rqdMs] 5 dkGklGk xG;kr?kkYk.kkjk n¨jk] 5 [kkjhdk]5 nkr ?kkl.kkjh fe’khP;k eatuiqM;k] 5lqikjh v’kk oLrq ;k uojhP;k v¨Vhr Vkd.;kr ;sr vkgs- vktghlnjph ijaijk ikGYkh tkrs- frps vuqdj.k gs dsY¨ tkrs-

7½ dqGnsorka le¨j eqYkkaps tkÅG dk<.;kr ;srkr- rn~uuarjlqark ¼[kruk½ fo/kh bLYkkeh fjoktkÁek.¨ djrkr- lnj Álaxh‘kkdkgkjh o eklkgkjh tsowu ns.;kph fjrhfjokt ijaijk vkgs-

8½ vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk tekrhr eR;quarj nQufo/khbLYkkeh fjrhfjoktk Áek.¨ djrkr-

9½ rMoh gh fÒYYk laLÑrhrqu mxe ikoYŸkh o Lor%ps,d Lora«k vfLrRo ti.kkjh vuqlqfpr tekr vkgs-

10½ Òkjrke/;s okjaokj jk”Vªh; v[kaMrsps o lkekftd,dïk vkckf/krjkgkok Eg.kwu Òkjr ljdkj dMwu fofo/k dk;ZØeo miØe jkcfoY¨ tkrkr- rlsp vkokgu dsY¨ tkrs- R;kp ÒkjrkrhYkrMoh gh ,dek«k v’kh tekr vkgs dh rh fganq]& eqfLYke o vkfnoklh

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 65 66fnlwu ;sr¨- ,d cÿ.;krhYk vkfnoklh x¨Mok ;k Òk”¨rqu ÁdVg¨rkuk fnlr¨- fi<;kfi<Ókk pkYkr vkYŸ;k ;k rMoh Òk”¨P;kvar%jaxkr M¨dkowu cf?krY;kl vki.kkal rMoh lekt thoukpsvusd iSYkq m?kM g¨rkauk fnlrkr- rMoh lekt thoukpk rMoh ghcŸkh Òk”kk vkjlk vkgs] v¨G[k vkgs ;kr ‘kadk ukgh-

19½ rMoh lektkr óh;kauk vfr’k; vknjkps LFkkuvkgs- laiw.kZ vkfnoklh tekrhr óh Lokra«;kYkk eqÒHkk vkgs- ;ktekrhr iq:”k Á/kkurk gh fnlwu ;sr ukgh- iq:”kkP;k cj¨cjhusfdacgquk iq:”kkais{kk tkLr d”Vkph dkesgh óh;k djrkr- dqVaclkaÒkGrkr- lektjhr ikGrkr rlsp brj vusd drZO;s otckcnkÚ;k R;k ikj ikMr vlrkr- vkdaB d”Vkr vlwugh orwlÒjhgh QkoYkk osG u feGwu gh r¨ d/khgh mnkl] nq%[kh] d”Vhulrkr ÁR;sd {k.k rs glr [¨Gr O;rhr d:u thou txrkro nqlÚ;kauk thou tx.;kph Ásj.kk nsrkr- ;kr ‘kadk ukgh-

dqVackrhYk T;s”B efgY¨ toG lxGk iSlk O;ogkj gkvlr¨- rh dqVqackP;k xjtk iw.kZ djrs- ijarq vktP;k dkGkr oifjfLFkhe/;s /kx/kxhP;k thoukr ek«k cnYk g¨rkauk fnlr¨- ,d«kdqVqac O;oLFkk {kh.k g¨r vkgs- ifjokjkrhYk uohu ih<h osxosxGsvkpkj fopkj ?öwu osxosxG;k rjgsus okxrkauk fnlrkr- rlsposxosxGs fc<kj o lalkj djrkuk fnlrkr gs ns[khYk uewn djkoslsokVrs-

20½ vkfnoklh rMoh lekt thoukr ok³~e;hu lkfgR;gs e¨BÓkk Áek.kkr vlY;kps fnlrs- ijarq gs e©fYkd lkfgR; e©f[kdLo:ikr vkgs- CkÚ;kp vkfnoklh tekrhr gs e©fYkd lkfgR;e©f[kd lkfgR; ijaijk] frps varjaxkrhYk ukuk NVk] oSf’k”V;s] ekuohnq”Vhdü ÁdV dj.;kps lk/ku vlwu gs ,d e©fYkd nLrk,sot vkgs-;kr ‘kadk ukgh- fofo/k Álaxh xk;Ykh tk.kkjh xk.kh] i¨’kk[k] ifj/kku

14½ rMoh lektkps mnkjfuokZgkps Áeq[k lk/ku ‘¨rh O;olk;rlsp ‘¨retqjh lkYknkjkdhi.kk] eklsekjh] fMad x¨Gk dj.¨ ikYkkikp¨Gkfod.¨ rlsp YkkdMkps e¨GÓkk fod.¨] dsGhps ?kM okg.¨] lk[kjdkj[kkU;kr dke dj.¨- jLR;kojhYk nq:Lrh fxÍh Q¨V.¨ jLrs nq:Lrh v’kk

‘kklukP;k fofo/k ;¨tuk varxZr j¨txkjkfÒeq[k esgurhpsdke dj.¨]-

15½ rMoh lekt thoukr f’k{k.kkpk Ápkj o Álkj t¨j/k: YkkxYŸkk vkgs- Òkjr ljdkjP;k vusd dY;k.kdkjh ;¨tuk;k vkfnoklÈdjhrk tkjh dj.;kr vkY;kus vusd vkfnoklh;qod o ;qorh lk{kj göwu Áxrh iFkkoj tkr vkgsr- fofo/k{ «kkr ukoYk©fdd defor vkgs- mnk- laj{k.k nYkkr] iŸkhlnYkkr rlsp ‘kkldh; dk;kZYk;kr o gokbZnYkkr ÒkjrkP;kdkukdÏkÚ;kr vkt rMoh vkfnoklh ;qod o ;qorh f’k{k.kkP;kt¨jkoj gGqgGq Áxrh djr vkgsr-

16½ vkfnoklh rMoh tekrhYkk vkiYkh Lor«k v’khlkLÑfrd v¨G[k vkgs- lnjph v¨G[k R;kauk Ákfpu lH;rsrqufojklrhe/;s feGkYkh vkgs- ¼90½

17½ rMoh lekt gk laiw.kZi.¨ lkriqMk o lkrekGkifjljkr rlsp ÒkjrÒj fo[kqjYŸkk vkgs- vkiY;k ;¨xnkukrqu oifjJekrqu r¨ fo’o dkcht dj.;kpk Á;Rukr vkgs- va/kkjkrqumtsMkdMawu tk.;kpk gk Áokl rMoÈuk uouoh f{kfrts dkchtd:u uoh vkOgkus leFkZi.¨ isYkqu] ukoYk©fddkrÒj ?kkYkqu ÒkjrkP;kx©jokr egRokpk okVsdjh cur vkgs o vkiY¨ ;¨xnku gs jk”VªmHkkj.khl nsr vkgs-

18½ rMoh lektkYkk vkiYkh ,d Lora«k v’kh Òk”kk vkgs-rMoh Òk”kk ;k ukokus rh lqifjfpr vkgs- ;k Òk”¨pk ,d fof’k”Vv’kh Yk;] xs;rk o cŸk.;kpk xzkeh.k Bsdk o Ykgstk vkgs- rlsp;k vkfnoklh Òk”öj vusd Òk”kkapk ÁÒko gk fnlwu ;sr¨- R;kreqaMk] rfeG] dkuMh] r¨Mk usekMh] vjch] mnqZ bR;knh Òk”kkpk izHkko gk

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 67 68okijrkr- rlsp eYkh ;k p¨Gh ijdj okijrkr- rlsp dkgh eqYkh;k iatkch Mªsl o lkMh ?kkYkrkr rslp uohu fi<hrhYk ;qod gs ‘kVZiWUV ?kkYkrkr- óh;k gs fofo/k nkfxus okijrkr- dkukr rlsp naMkojdejsoj R;kpÁek.¨ euxVke/;s pkanhps fdaok lÜ;kps vkÒq”k.¨?kkYk.;kpk fjokt vkgs- cgqrka’kh d:u vkfnoklh óh;k o iq:”kgs pkanhps vkÒq”k.¨ okijrkr-

tqU;k dkGkrhYk o;öq/n vkfnoklh óh;k T;s”B efgYkk;k xqtjkFkh i/nrhP;k lkM;k gkrkoj o ekFöj x an.¨ dsYŸ¨ fnlwu;srs- ;k óh;k ukdkr Ykgku pkanhph fdaok lÜ;kph QqYkh ?kkYkrkukfnlrkr-

22½ vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk tekr gh eqfLYke /kek±rfjrtekr vkgs- vls dkgh la’k¨/kd Eg.krkr- ijarq /kek±rjhr vFkkZriw.kZr% /keZ cnYk >kYŸkh fdaok R;k /kek±pk iw.kZi.¨ Lohdkj vuqd:ufurhfu;e] rlsp laLdkjkps ikYku d:u Qä ,deso leUo;rk],d:iRk o /keZcÌYkpk Lohdkj dsYŸkh tekr vlk vFkZ /kek±rjhr;k qähpk fu?kr¨- ijarq vkfnoklh rMoh gs QDr bekuh bLYkkehvkgsr- R;kauh Qä bLYkkeps rlsp fganq laLÑrhps dkgh laLdkj tsvukfndkGkiklwu R;kpsoj uOgrs rjhns[khYk R;kauh dkYkkarjkus R;kpkLohdkj d:u ikYku dsY¨ tkr vkgs- ijarq R;kauh vkiYkh eqGfÒYYk vkfnoklh laLÑrh] rMoh vkfnoklh laLÑrhpk R;kx dsYŸkkukgh- rs vktghvkiY;k vkfnoklh laLÑrhus txrkuk] :<h] ijaijkpkYkhfjrhus ikYku djrkauk fnlrkr- Eg.kwup R;kauk iw.kZi.¨ Çdok /kekZrfjr eqfLYke Eg.k.¨ gs eYkk ;¨X; okVr ukgh-

vkfnoklh lekt /kekZrjhr /keZcÌYk d:u nqljk ,[kknk/keZ fganq laLÑrh] bLYkke laLÑrh iq.kZi.¨ lok±xhus Lohdkj dj.¨ oR;kuq:Ik thou tx.¨ vlk /kek±rjhr ‘kCnkpk vFkZ g¨rks- ijarqvkfnekaps ckcrhr gs Eg.k.¨ pqdhps vkgs vls eYkk okVrs-

dsYŸ¨ ukuk rÚgsps eq[koVs o lekt thoukrhYk ÁpfYkr m[kk.¨]Eg.kh] okD;Ápkj Yk¨ddFkk Yk¨d fdLls] tUekph xk.kh] YkXukphxk.kh] Òj?k l ihds vkYöjph uSlfxZd xk.kh] lVoh] iqtukphxk.kh] ckGtUe xk.kh bR;knh vusd ckcÈpk o vaxkpk l[kŸkvH;kl dsY;kvarh vkfnoklhps thoukoj Ádk’k>¨r iMwu rs dlslaié vkgsr gs vki.kkal txkle¨j iqjkO;kfu’kh fl/n djrk ;srs-

lkriqM;kP;k ik;F;k’kh Yk¨d lkfgR; :ih fgÚ;k e¨rhP;k[kk.kh vkgsr rs x¨Gk dj.;kps dke vktP;k uohu fi<hus djk;Ykkgos gs lkfgR; fYkihc/k g¨.¨ rlsp ;k vkfnoklh cŸkhÒk”kk ;kfYkihc/n g¨.¨ dkGkph xjt vkgs- Òkjrh; laLÑrh o vkfnoklhlaLÑrh ti.;kps rs ,d e©fYkd dke vkgs- gs vkiY¨ uSfrd drZO;ns[khYk vkgs- ;k e©fyd nLrk,sotkps tru dj.ks vkgs- ;ke©fYkd nLrk,sotkps tru lao/kZu >kY¨ ikfgtsr- R;kpÁek.¨vkfnoklh lkfgR; ts lkriqMk o lkreGkP;k ifjljkr R;kpÁek.¨ns’kkrhYk dkgh Òkxkr fo[kqjYŸ¨ vkgs rs x¨Gk d:u fYkihc/nd:u gk nLrk,soth [kftuk txkle¨j vk.kwu Òkjrh; laLÑrhreŸkkph Òj ;keqGs uôhp iMsYk- rlsp vkfnoklh laLÑrhps tsfofo/k rlsp vkfnoklh laLÑrhps ts fofo/k iSYkq vkgsr ;kaphns[khYk v¨G[k laiw.kZ txkYkk g¨bZYk ;kr ‘kadk ukgh-

21½ rMoh lektke/;s fof’k”V Ádkjph ?kjkaph jpuk dsYŸkhvlrs- map v¨Vk o rqdMÓakkuh ekrhpk Yï fÒarh vlrkr ?kjkojd©Ykk: vkNnu dsYŸ¨ vlrs ?kjkpk Áos’k djrkr xkaoke/;s T;kÒkxkr rMoh jkgrkr- R;k ÒkxkYkk rMoh okMk vls Eg.krkr- cgqrsd:u lnjphi/nr gh lkriqMÓkkr fnlwu ;srs ijarq lkrekGk Òkxkrjkg.kkÚ;k rMoh Yk dkaph ‘¨rkYkxr ?kjs vlrkr R;kauk >Iijk vlsEg.krkr- iq:”k gs iqoÊ QsVk o /k¨rh okijr vkrk ‘kVZ o ik;tekrlsp ika<jh xka/kh Vïh ?kkYkrkr-rlsp óh;k uookjh YkqxMs xŸklkMh

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 69 7028½ jk«kh rMoh jk[k.knkj ¼l¨dY;k] BsaX;k] tkxY;k½ gk

ekYkdkph ‘¨rkaph jk[k.k djrkr- p¨jkaiklwu rlsp ihdp¨jh iklwulaj{k.k djrkr- ;k BsaX;kfxjh dj.kkjs jk[k.knkjktoG ,d YkkYkVsuo ,d etcqr YkkdMh nkaMk vlr¨- rMoh lektke/;s ikifÒ:i.kktjh fnlwu ;sr¨ rjh fÒ«ï.kk] iGiqVsi.kk gk fnlwu ;sr ukgh- ijarqlnjph tekr gh fia<;kafi<;k xjhchr fipYŸkh o ok<YŸkh vlY;kusifjfLFkrh’kh usgeh tqGowu ?¨.kkjh rlsp n;koku v’kh tekr vkgs-

29½ vkfnoklh rMoh eqY¨&eqYkh gs ljdkjh vuqnkukojrlsp vkJe’kkGsr e¨BÓkk Áek.kkr f’k{k.k ?öwu lk{kj g¨r vkgsr-rlsp mToYk Òfo”;kdMs okVpkYk djr vkgsr-

30½ rMoÈps Áeq[k oSf’k”V; Eg.kts bLYkkeh fjoktkÁek.¨rYkkd i/nr ;k lektkr Eg.ktsp ?kVLQ¨V ns.;kpk fjokt ;klektkr iqoÊ uOgrk ijarq vkrk tkriapk;rhr clwu cqtqxZ Yk d gsrYkkd fjokt iw.kZ djrkr- vktP;k dkGkr rMoh Yk¨d gs d¨VkZrns[khYk nkn ekxrkr o rYkkd feGowu ?¨rkr- rlsp Ákfpu dkGhckjdjh ijaijk g¨rh ;k ijaijsuqlkj 12 xkokaps ÒkaM.k o raVs] c[¨Msgs ckjk xkokpk ckjdjh l¨Mor vls- ;k tkiapk;rhoj ckjk xkaophtckcnkjh lïfoYŸkh g¨rh- tGxko ftYákrhYk vkMxko o ;koYkgs ckjdjhps Áeq[k fBdk.k g¨rs- ;kauk Qkj eku o vknj vls R;kpsikYku loZ turk eqdkVÓkkus djr o lektjhr ikGr vlr-

31½ rMoh lektke/;s lkaadsfrd rMoh cŸkh Òk”kk ns[khYkcŸkYkh tkrs- ;k ladsfrd Òk”Ÿkk taxYkh rMoh Òk”kk Eg.krkr- lnjgqÒk”¨pk mi;¨x gk ladVle;h] fof’k”V osGh o dkGkr mi;¨xkrvk.kYkh tkrs- cgqrsd d:u vkfnoklh tekrÈuh lnjph xqIr cŸkhÒk”kk gh vkiY;k lkaLÑfrd pYkuoYkukdjhrk o j{k.kkdjhrkvktrkxk;r xqIr Bso.;kr vkYŸkh vkgs-

23½ vkfnoklh tekrhuk /kek±rjhr o /kekZps Y¨cYk Ykkowurlsp ouoklh xhfjoklh vls lac¨/ku d:u Òkjrh; lafo/kkukusfnYŸ;k l¨;h&lqfo/kk] vf/kdkj gô vki.k R;kapsdMwu fgjkowu ?¨rvkg¨r- rlsp vkfFkZd] lkekftd] jktdh; ‘k¨”k.k d:uÒ¨G;k&ÒkcGÓkk vkfnoklhoj vU;k; dsYkk tkr vkgs- lnjpklokYk Á’us gh vkt 21 O;k ‘krdkr lH; lekt iq<s fuekZ.k>kYkh vkgs o vkfnoklhP;k uO;k fi<hp Òfo”; va/kkje; rj g¨rukgh ua \ gs c?k.;kph Òwehdk vkt lH; o fuLokFkZ] ekuorkoknhekuokP;k le¨j ;sowu BsiYkh vkgs vls eYkk okVrs-

24½ rMoh lekt gk ‘kqÒ o v’kqÒ ‘kdqukoj fo’oklBso.kkjk vkgs- va/kJ/nkapsÁek.k gs e¨BÓk Áek.kkr vkgs-

25½ rMoh lektke/;s cgqfookg i/nr fnlwu ;srs- YkXukphck;d¨ vlrkauk gh nqljh óh ck;d¨ Eg.kwu ?kjkr vk.k.;kph i/nr cgqrsd fnlrs- gs Áek.k ek«k loZ«k ukgh- vktUe ,d iRuh oYkXukP;k ck;d¨ vls Ik;±r o rh esY;kuarjgh dkgh tu nqljhck;d¨ djr ukghr- ek«k dkgh o;Ldj o/n YkXu djrkauk fnlrkrgs Áek.k gh vR;Yi vkgs-

26½ rMoh lektkps Áeq[k oSf’k”V;s iSdh egRokps oSf’k”VEg.kts rMoh gh tekr fganq o bLYkke /kekZp ÁR;sd l.k mRlo]m:l] lanYk ;kr e¨BÓkk Áek.kkr lgÒkx ?¨rkr- mnk- fnokGh]nljk] vk[kkth ¼v{k;rrh;k½ g¨Gh] i¨Gk] rlsp jetku bZn]cdjh bZn] e¨gjZe] R;kpÁek.¨ ukxfnokGhP;k dkGkrhYk ;s.kkjsiky[kh o lanYkkr Òkx ?¨rkr R;k njE;ku xko;k«Ÿkk egRo vlwu[¨M;kikM;kr ;k«kk mRlo gk e¨BÓkk Áek.kkr vkfnoklh rMohcka/ko lktjs djr vlrkr- lnj fno’kh x¨M vé o ekalkgkjhinkFkZ r;kj d:u [kkrkr-

27½ vkfnoklh rMoh lektkrhYk iq:”k gs vkØedLoÒkokps rlsp jkxhV orZukps vlrkr R;kp Áek.¨ rs vfr’k;d”VkGw] esgurh lq/nk vlrkr- rlsp rs ikifÒ: vkgsr-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 71 7238½ vkfnoklh rMoh tekrhr cgqrsd Yk¨dkaps o ifjokjkps ?kjh nsoh

nsorkaps Vkd&Bk.¨ vlrkr- R;kpÁek.¨ fij¨ckapsBk.¨ ns[khYk vk<Gwu ;srkr-

rlsp lokjh ns[khYk fij¨ckP;k Bk.¨ toG BsoYŸkh vlrs-

39½ fganq&eqfLYke o vkfnoklh laLÑrhps ikYku dj.kkjhrMoh gh ÒkjrkrhYk o txkrhYk ,deso vkfnoklh tekr vkgs-

40½ Òkjrh; laLÑrhps Áeq[k oSf’k”V;s ti.kkjh] oSf’k”;iq.kZlektfjr thoulj.kh vl.kkjh o fo’oca/kqRokpk] Økardkjhukjk cqYkandj.kkjh o Òkjrh;kauk tkrh; lYk¨[kk vkckf/kr Bso.;kph o jk”Vªh;v[kaMrspk lans’k vkiY¨ vkpj.kkrqu ns.kkjh rMoh gh vkfnoklhtekr vkgs- gh txkrhYk ,deso egkekuokphekuorkoknh tekrvlkoh vls okVrs- lkekftd ,dÏ;kps n’kZu ?kMowu ,d oSf’odvkn’kZoknkpk ik;aMk gk ;k tekrhus jpYkk vkgs- gs ;k tekrhP;kthoulj.khrqu Ákeq[;kus fnlwu ;srs- rlsp loZp vkfnoklhthoulj.khrqu gkp lans’k txkYkk vfiZYkk tkr¨- ¼102½vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkapk jfgokl %

rMoh o fÒYYk tekrhps Ò©x¨fYkd okLrO; gs rfeGÁns’kkr ÁkfpudkGh fcYYkqoj rlsp feukoj uked nü tekrh jkgrg¨R;k- uarj dkYkkrjkus ;k nÜgh tekrh ÒkjrÒj iljY;kr jktLFkkuo xqtjkr ;k Òkxkr vtqugh gs Yk¨d e¨BÓkk la[;sus fnlrkr- rsF¨R;kauk fÒYYk o feu v’kh ukaos feGkYŸkh vkgsr- jktLFkku Ákarkrmn;iqj] Maxqjiwj] o cklokMk ;k ftYgkr cgqla[;us rj d¨Vk’k]fpr¨Mx<] flj¨gh] fÒYkokMk tkYk¨j] ckMesj ;k ftYákae/;s cjkiSdhla[;sus fÒYYk lekt vkgs-rMoh tekrhph tula[;k %

jktLFkkukr ,dq.k ftYgkiSdh ljkljh 10000 is{kk tkLrvkfnoklh fÒYYk la[;k vlYŸkh 15 ftYgs vkgsr- rj jkT;kP;kvkfnoklh tula[;sP;k 1981 P;k t.kx.üqlkj 44-01 Vôs fÒYYk

32½ fookg >kY;koj YkkxYkhp oj&o/kw ;kauk t¨MI;kaukdqYknsohps fdaok fij¨ckps n’kZuk djrk ?öwu tk.;kph ijaijk rMohtekrhr fnlwu ;srs- ;k fjoktkYkk d¨j t¨Mia loj.¨] pj.k Li’kkZdjhrk us.;kph ijaijk dqGkpkjkÁek.¨ fnlwu ;srs-

33½ vkfnoklh rMoh ;kaps /kkfeZd o lkekftd ‘k ”k.kgöw u;s] fu”iki o ikifÒ: ;k vkfnoklh tekarhrhYk cka/kokpsdY;k.k Ogkos] R;kpÁek.¨ thouekukr Áxrhdjhrk ‘kklukus vusdØkarhdkjh ;kstuk o R;kps pkaxY¨ ifj.kke fnlwu ;srs R;kpk Qk;nkgk vkfnoklh cka/ko gs ?¨rkauk fnlrkr-

34½ vkfnoklh rMoh tekrhrhYk Yk¨dkaph ukos fganq&eqfLYkev’kh feJhr Lo:ikph vk<Gwu ;srkr-

35½ vkfnoklh rMoh gs dqVqackoRlYk vkgsr- vkiY¨ larkukaojR;kps Áse gs foYk{k.k fnlrs- rYkkd ?kVLQ¨V >kYöjgh rs vkiY¨vkiR;kauk okÚ;koj l¨Mr ukghr- R;kapk R;kx djr ukgh- fdacgqukR;kauk Áse o vkiqYkdh R;kpÁek.¨ ek;sph lkoYkh nsowu loZ drZO;s&YkXuf’k{k.k oxSjs ikj iMrkr- ijarq vktP;k uO;k fi<hr drZO;cq/nhpkvÒko tk.kor¨-

36½ vkfnoklh rMoh gs fij&oYkhuk ek.k.kkjk lektvkgs- ,dnk rjh thoukr [okWtk xjhc uokt ¼vtesj] jktLFkku½;sF¨ tkowu n’kZu ?öwu ikou Ogkos R;kpÁek.¨ thoukr ,dnk rjheôk&efnusph ifo«kLFkGh ;k«kk d:u ;kos o gkth cuwu moZfjrthou lQYk djkos gh ÁR;sdkph bPNk vlY;kps fnlwu ;srs-

37½ vkfnoklh óh;k ;k e¨B;k Áek.kkr Òokuh] ek;rlsp euqnsohP;k ;k«¨r lgÒkx ?¨rkr- frph v¨Vh Òjrkr- tkxj.kdjrkr rlsp JhQYk p<owu Ykgku eqYkkauk frP;k pj.kh Bsowuvk’khokZn ?¨rkauk fnlrkr- lnjph gh ijijk vfr’k; Ákfpu vkgs-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 73 74vkf.k ;k x.kkapk Áeq[kkYkk x.kirh fdaok x.kuk;d Eg.kr- vktghvki.k d¨.kkYkk eku n;k;pk rj R;kYkk x.k fdaok ukbZd Eg.kr¨-;k vkfnoklh x.kkaph jkT;s fgekYk;kP;k ik;F;k’kh g¨rhr’khe/;Òkjrkrkgh g¨rh- gh x.kjkT;s vkiY;k vadhr jgkohr Eg.kwuR;kosGP;k lezkVkauh [kwi Á;Ru dsY¨- ;k x.kjkT;kaoj LokÚ;kd:u vk;k±uh ;k x.kkaP;k uk;dkauk Bkj ekjY ] i.k dsoG x.kuk;dkauk Bkj d:u gs x.k xqYkke ¼ekaMfYkd½ g¨r ulr- ,dx.kuk;d esYkk rj nqljk d¨.kh rjh ‘kqj iq:”k x.kuk;d Ogk;pk-;k x.kkauk] vkfnoklh V¨GÓakkuk Yk<kbZ d:u ekaMfYkd dj.¨ QkjdBh.k g¨rs- ;kckcr lezkV paæxqIrkpk ea«kh d©fVY; ;kus fYkgwuBsoY¨ vkgs- x.kuk;dkaph vkilkr ÒkaM.¨ Ykkowu R;kauk nk:psO;lu Ykkowu] lqanj óh;kauk ikBowu ;k x.kkaph ‘käh deh djkoh-R;kf’kok; R;kaP;koj fot; feGfork ;s.kkj ukgh- nü gtkjo”kkZiqoÊ xzhd ns’kkrhYk ,d Áoklh Òkjrkr ;sowu xsYkk g¨rk- R;kusfYkfgYŸ;k Áokl o.kZukr foa/;] vjoYkh] lkriqMk ioZrkrhYk Áns’kkaregkunh] ueZnk] rkih] u|kP;kdkBh fÒYkVs o x aMkYkh Yk¨d jkgrvlY;kps fYkfgY¨ vkgs- gs Yk¨d Eg.kts vktP;k fÒYYk vkf.k x¨Mvkfnoklh tekrh g¨r-

esokMP;k egkjk.kk ÁrkikYkk gGnh?kkVkP;k bfrgklÁfl/nYk<kbZr vusd fÒYYk Áeq[kkauh enr dsYkh g¨rh- Yk<kbZP;k ‘öVhegkjk.kk Árkius taxYkkpk vkJ; ?¨rYkk- R;kosGh fÒYYk vkfnoklh;kauh R;kauk laj{k.k fnY¨- egkjk.kk Árkius fÒYYk Áeq[kkaph ghdkefxjh Yk{kkr ?¨Åu esokMP;k jkT;kr R;kauk tgkfXkÚ;k o bukenkÚ;kfnY;k vkf.k esokMP;k jkteqæsoj ,dfYkaxth ‘¨tkjh ,dk cktqYkkfÒYYk ohj vkf.k ,dk cktqYkk egkjk.kk Árki v’kh jkteqæk d©:ufÒYYkkapk R;kus x©jo dsYkk-

v’kk Ádkjs vki.k vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkP;k vk<kokFk¨MD;kr ?¨rYkk- ;kiq<s ns[khYk vki.k ;k oSf’k”;kaph lfoLrjekfgrh gh d:u ?öw ;k-

g¨rs- fÒYYk laLÑrhrqu fuekZ.k >kYŸ¨ rMoh fÒYYkkps iqoZt ;kpÒkxkrhYk M axjnÚ;kr jkgr g¨rs- ;k ÒkxkrhYk jkts] egkjkts] ;kaukR;kauh enr dsYkh- mnk lezkV egkjk.kk Árkiflag T;kosGh taxYkkrvkJ;kr vlrkauk R;kauk Òjho vls lgdk;Z gs rMoh fÒYYk o brjfÒYYk i¨Vtekrhus iqoZikj jktiqr o fÒYYkkps laca/kkP;k dkj.kko:uo Fk¨j iqoZtkaP;k cfYknkukrqu Ásj.kk ?öwu vkfnoklh fÒYYk ;kauhegkjk.kk Árkiflagth ;kauk R;kaps vMp.khP;k dkGkr ?¨rYkh gs dkghuO;kus lkaxk;Ykk ud¨ vkgs-

rlsp egkjk”Vªkr fÒYYk lekt /kqGs] uanqjckj tGxkao] ukfldcqYk<k.kk] vdŸkk] v©jaxkcn] tkYkuk ;k ftYákr vkgsr- ijarq /kqGsuanqjckj rlsp tGxkao ;k ftYáke/;s vkfnoklh fÒYYk vf/kdla[;us okLrO;kl vkgsr-

fÒYYk gh egkjk”VªkrhYk ,sfrgkfld egRokph o la[;sus ,dÁeq[k tutkrh vkgs- 1981 lkYkh egkjk”Vªkr 9-93 Ykk[k fÒYYkvlY;kps vk<Gwu vkY¨ vkgs- R;kaph ftYgkoj Yk¨dla[;k /kqGs 5-31 Ykk[k] ukfld 1-67 Ykk[k] tGxkao 1-41 Ykk[k] vgenuxj0-70 Ykk[k vkf.k v©jaxckn 0-36 Ykk[k v’kh vkgs- ÒkjrkrhYkÁkfpu f’kYkkY¨[kkr vkf.k Ákfpu ok³~e;kr fÒYYkkaps mYY¨[k lkiMrkrbrdh gh iqjkru tekr vkgs- xMn rifdjh o.kZ] xŸkxjxjhrpsgjk] :an o ÒYkke¨Bk tcMk vkf.k lqnq< dekoYŸ¨ ‘kjhj ghR;kaph oSf’k”V;s g¨r-

laLÑr lkfgR;kr fÒYYk tekrhpk mYY¨[k Qkj iqjkrudkGkiklwu dsYŸkk vk<Gr¨- jkek;.k] egkÒkjrkpk dkGlk/kkj.kr% pkj ikp gtkj o”kkZiqoÊpk vk;Z Òkjrkr vkY¨ R;kosGr;sF¨ iqoÊiklwup oLrh d:u jkg.kkÚ;k tekrh R;kauk fnlY;k- ;kYkdkapk R;kauh nL;q Eg.kwu mYY¨[k dsYkk vkgs- ;k nL;qps o.kZu vkfnoklhtekrh’kh feGrs&tqGrs vkgs- vkfnoklh V¨G;kauk R;kosGh x.k Eg.kr

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 75 76vkrk vki.k rMoh fÒYYk o fÒYYkkP;k i¨Vtekrh o

mii¨Vtkrhph ekfgrh d:u ?öw ;k- ¼105½ugkG rMoh

ugkGkph oLrh lkriqMÓkkP;k mÙkjsl oYkokMh] ikGklusj]fla/kok ;k e/;Áns’kkrhYk Òkxkt o tGxko ftYg;krhYk ;koYk]jkosj vkf.k pïMk ;k rkYkqD;krhYk ohl&iapohl xkokr vk<Gwu;srs- gsYk¨d jaxkus dkGs] vaxkus] Bsax.¨ o iljV psgÚ;kps vkgsr- rsuhYk xkbZP;k dkrM;kaiklwu r;kj dsYŸkh ikn«kk.¨ okijrkr- fÒYYkvkf.k d¨VhYk d¨VhYk fÒYYkkpk ,d i¨V Ádkj & t¨ tGxkaoftYg;kr vfLrRokr vkgs-½ R;kauk deh Y¨[kkr R;kaP;kÁek.¨ ;kapsfjrhfjokt vkgsr- YkXuca/kus QkjlSYk vkgsr- dkgh fugkG fganq /keZikGrkr rj dkgh eqlYkeku rj dkgh d¨.krkgh /keZ ikGr ukghr-cgqrsd Yk¨dtaxYkkrhYk daneqGs [kkrkr o iq<kÚ;kl ukbZd vlsEg.krkr- ukbZd in oa’kijaijkxr vlrs- rMoh fÒYYk vkf.k ugkG;kaP;kr csVh O;ogkjr g¨r ukgh- ;kaph cŸkhÒk”kk ek«k rMohfÒYYkklkj[khp vlwu fdafprlsrs gsYk dk<wu cŸkrkr- rMoh vkf.kugkG gk cŸkhÒk”ö:u lglk v¨G[kYkk tkrukgh- ek«k ftYg;krhYktk.kdkj eaMGh R;kauk v¨G[krs- R;kP;k xkoko:u oLR;ko:uR;kaph lgt v¨G[k g¨rs-3½ fuj<s rMoh %

fuj<h fdaok fuj<s gh rMoh fÒYYkkaph nqljh ,d led{ktekr vkgs- ;kaph oLrh ek«k lkrekGk ¼vaftBk½ M axjkP;k ik;F;k’khtkeusj o ikp¨jk ;k rglhYke/;s vk<Gwu ;srs-

rMoh vkf.k fuj<s ;kaps vkpkj fopkj lkj[¨ vlY¨ rjhR;kaP;kr csVh O;ogkj g¨r ukgh- 1857 P;k caMkr ;k Yk¨dkauhÁkeq[;kus Òkx ?¨Åu e¨Bkp /kqekdqG ektfoYkk g¨rk-

;kaP;krhYk iq:”kkapk i ”kk[k /k rj o lnjk vlk vlr¨-aM¨D;koj QsVk vlr¨- óh;kapk i¨”kk[k [kkans’kh ‘¨rdjh óh;kÁek.¨vlwu R;kgh dk”Vk ?kkYkrkr- ;kaps dku ek«k eqfLYke fó;kÁek.¨V¨pYŸ¨ vlrkr- Ykxr ¼’¨tkjh½ v©jaxkckn futke laLFkkukrhYkjkg.khpk ifj.kke ;sFkhYk óh;kaoj >kYŸkk vkgs- R;keqGs R;kaps dkuV¨pYŸ¨ fnlrkr-

fuj<s Yk d ‘¨rokMh] eŸketqjh] efPNekjh] M axjkrhYk dkesd:u vkiYkk pfjrkFkZ djrkr- iq:”k eaMGh ckgsj O;ogkjkr mnqZ]o ejkBh cŸkrkuk vk<Grkr-

lqark dj.¨]- fNYYkk ¼ckjls½ pkGhl fnoklkauh dj.¨] fudkgYkko.¨] uekt i<.¨] erkl nQu dj.¨] psvYke vknh fo/kheqlYkekukaÁek.¨ djrkr gs Yk¨d fganqps l.k lktjs djrkr- ,dkdqGkr l¨;fjd g¨r ukgh- vktferhl R;kaph vkfFkZd lkekftd‘©{kf.kd ifjfLFkrh gYkk[khph vkgs-

ugkG rMoh o fuj<s rMoh ;kaps’kh rMoh fÒYYk gs iqoÊcsVh O;ogkj djr ulrs ijarq vkrk 21 O;k ‘krdkr R;kaps’khl¨;fjd laca/k o YkXu csVh O;ogkj g¨r vkgsr- ijarq ;kaps Áek.kek«k rMoh fÒYYk lektkr vR;Yi vkgs- gs ns[khYk ueqn djko;klikfgts- gGqgGq dkYkkarjkus ‘©{kf.kd ÁxrheqGs vkfnoklhps thouekuo lkekftd ifjfLFkrhr lq/kkj.kk fnlwu ;sr vkgs- ijarq gs Áek.kns[khYk lek/kkudkjd ukgh vkgs-4½ <k.kdk rMoh

<k.kdk]rMoh fÒYYk Ákeq[;kus /kqGs] uanqjckj ¼44] 011½o tGxkao ¼11]029½ ;k ftYákr vk<Gwu ;srkr- lu 1981P;k t.kx.kusuqlkj egkjk”VªkrhYk R;kaph ,dq.k Yk dla[;k 55]880brdh g¨rh- <k.kdk fÒYYkkarrMoh] rVkfj;k o oGoh ;k mixVkarklekos’k g¨r - <k.kdk Ykd fÒYYkh rFkk <k.kdh cŸkh cŸkrkr- gs Ykd

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 77 78<k.kdk iq:”k /k¨rj] caMh o ikx¨Vs vlk isgsjko djr¨-

YkqxMs o p¨Gh vlk óh;kapk os”k vlr¨- óh iq:”k n¨?kkaukghvkiY¨ ‘kjhj uVfo.;kph g©l vlrs- loZlkekU;i.¨ R;kP;kardikGkoj o naMkoj x anqu ?¨.;kph ÁFkk vkgs- fofo/k Ádkjps nkfxusrs okijrkr R;kaps nkfxus pkanhps o rkaC;kfirGÓkkps vlrkr-

YkXukiqoÊps eqYkkeqYkÈps laca/k tekrhrp vlrhYk rj osxGsekuY¨ tkr ukghr- YkXu eqYkhP;k ?kjh g¨rs- lw; Zn;kiqoÊ fdaoklw;kZLrkuarj fookg l¨gGk ikj ikMr - ‘kD;r¨ i©”k] QkYxqu oikolkGÓkkrhYk efgus l¨Mwu YkXus dsYkh tkrkr- eqYkhpk cŸk Çdokdqadokpk dk;ZØe ikj ikMY;koj eqYkhP;k gkrkr iapjaxh /kkxkcka/k.;kr ;sr - teYŸkh eaMGh nk: fiowu dqadokpk l¨gGk lktjkdjrkr- YkXukP;k vx¨nj gGnhpk dk;ZØe g¨r¨- gGhnP;k fno’khÁFke ek:rhps n’kZu vkf.k x.kirhph iwtk d:u gGnhpk ÁkjaÒg¨r¨- uÅ es<hpk ekaMo ?kkrYkk tkr - R;kiSdh nü esa<h dkdMo{kkP;kMgGhus o vackMhP;k /kkX;kuh cka/kYkk tkrkr- ekaMokoj tkaÒGhpsMgkGs Vkdqu ekaMo lq’k fÒr dsYkk tkr¨- o eq[; njokT;ktoGvkaC;kP;k ikukaps r¨j.k cka/kY¨ tkrs- eqYkxk YkXuklkBh uohu i ”kk[kd:u eqYkhP;k ?kjh ik;h fdaok eksVkjxkMhr tkr - R;kP;k gkrkrdV;kj fnYkh tkrs- uojk oktrxktr tkr - uojh eqYkhph cgh.kekaMokoj mÒh jkgu uojkoj ik.kh f’kaiMrs- R;kuarj [kkYkh mr:uuojk eqYkkps ik; /kqrs o R;kuarj uojk eqYkxk [kkVsoj clfoYkk tkr¨-uojhph cfg.k n¨?kkaP;k vaxkojhYk diMÓkkph xkB ekjrs- <k.kdktekrhpk iqtkjh YkXu lekjaÒlktjk djr - R;kosGh r¨ ea«k Eg.krukgh fdaok gë gh djr ukgh-

<k.kdk fÒYYkkar fo/kok fookg ÁpfYkr vkgs- ‘kD;r¨ fo/kokóhP;k etÊuqlkj fdaok e;r uojkP;k /kkdV;k Òkokcj¨cj g¨r¨-ijarqR;kph läh dsYkh tkr ukgh- d¨.krkgh lekjaÒ R;kosGh dsYkk

Ákeq[;kus uanqjckj ftYg;krhYk vôqYkdqok] uokiqj] rG¨nk] uanqjckjo tGxko ftYg;kP;k lkriqMk ioZr jkaxkr o YkxrP;k xqtjkrjkT;kr jkgkrkr- <k.kdk fÒYYkkauk vkiYkk usedk Áns’k d¨.krk;kps Qkjls Kku ukgh- ijarq xqtjkr e/kqu R;kaps LFkYkkarj>kY¨ gs rsvekU; djr ukghr- lkekftdn”VÓkk rs Lor%Ykk ckdhP;k fÒYYkkis{kkosxGs letrkrijarq fÒYYkk’kh R;kps laca/k rs ukdkjkr ukghr-<k.kdh fÒYYk Lor%Ykk <k.kdk] rMoh] rsVkfj;k <k.kdk ;k ukaokuhv¨G[krkr ;k ÒkxkrhYk Yk dgh R;kauk ;kp ukokauh v¨G[krkr-rMoh vkf.k rsVkfj;k gs <k.kdk fÒYYkkr nü Áeq[k Òkx vlY;kpsYk d lkaxrkr- rMoh <k.kdk gs rMoh fÒYYkkgqu fujkGs vkgsr-rlsp oGoh <k.kdk gs xkÒÊr tekrhgqu fÒé vlY;kps ekurkr-;k mixVkae|s j¨VhcsVh O;ogkj g¨r uOgrs- vYkhdMs ;k xVkae/;sj¨VhcsVh O;ogkj lq: >kYŸ¨ vkgsr-

<k.kdk fÒYYkkae/khYk dqVqaclaLFkk iq:”k Á/kku vlY;keqGsokjlkgô eqYkhdMs u tkrk eqYkkdMs tkr - <k.kdkYk¨dkae/;s csVhfookgklaca/kkrqu fuekZ.k >kYŸ¨ osxosxGs xV vlwu ;k loZ xVkapk lkekftdntkZ lkj[kkp vkgs- ;k mixVke/;s vkilkr csVh O;ogkj g¨rukghr- rMoh dqGhps Yk¨d brjnü dqGhis{kk Lor%Ykk ofj”Blektkr o brj mixVka’kh oSokfgd laca/k t¨Mr ukghr-

<k.kdk fÒYYkkph ?kjs p©jl fdaok dkVdü p©dükP;kvkdkjkph vlrkr- ?kjs lk/kh o ekrhph vlrkr- ?kjkYkk dkjohpsfdaok ckacqps dqM n Ugh cktqauh ‘¨.k o ekrhus lkjoYŸ¨ vlrkr-?kjkYkk nü fdaok rhu [kŸ;k o le¨j OgjkaMk vlr¨- ?kjkYkkrhupkj nkjs vlrkr- ijarq f[kMD;k ulrkr- R;kP;k ?kjkÒörhuhVusVdsi.kk o LoPNrk vlrs- o ?kjs usgeh LoPN BsoYŸkhvlrkr- uohu YkXu >kYŸ¨ t¨Mis osxGs fdaok osxosxGÓkk ?kjkr jkgrs-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 79 80<k.kdk fÒYYkke/;s e;r blekl tkG.;kl ;srs- e;r

ek.klkph [kkV Le’kkukr usÅu Árkcj¨cj tkG.;kr ;srs- frLkÚ;kfno’kh Ásr ftF¨ tkGY¨ vlsYk frF¨ f’ktYŸ¨ vé BsoY¨ tkrs-ckjkO;k fno’kh tkrh cka/kokauk tso.k fnY¨ tkrs- ikp fnol lqrdikG.kkÚ;k tkrhYkk ngkO;k fno’kh Ò¨tu nsrkr- R;kaP;kr ikjaikfjdiapk;r vlwu loZ Ádkjps lkekftd o d©Vqfcd raVs R;k iapk;rhdMslïfo.;kr ;srkr- eq[; iapkl Kkrh iVsYk] iap fdaok dkjÒkjhvls Eg.krkr- R;kps in oa’kijaijkxr ulrs-

fnokGh] g¨Gh gs l.k <k.kdk Yk de¨BÓkk mRlkgkus lktjkdjrkr- R;kosGh ukpxk.kh vkf.k nk:pk vkuan Yk¨d YkqVrkr-xkoBh vkf.k e¨gkphnk: fi.¨ gh R;kaph usgehph lo; vkgs- rsc¨dM] d acMh] cnds ;kaps eV.k o vaMhgh [kkrkr- Álaxh f’kdkjghdjrkr- ijarq xkbZ&cSYkkps ekal [kkr ukghr- <k.kdk Yk¨dkauh R;kP;kcŸkhf’kok; Áknsf’kd Òk”kk Eg.kwu ejkBhpk vaxhdkj dsYkk vkgs-5½ cjMs fÒYYk

/kqGs o lkØh rkYkqD;kP;k dkgh Òkxkr cjMs fÒYYkkaphoLrh vkgs- R;kaph oLrh vYkx vlrs- R;kauk fÒYYkkP;k fdaokfÒYkkVh vlrs Eg.krkr- óh;kaP;k i¨”kk[kkr vk[kMw lkMh op¨Ghpk okij dsYŸkk vlr¨- ck;dk M¨D;ko:u inj ?¨rkr- ;klektkph LFkhrh iqoÊ g¨rh r’khp vkgs- R;kr lq/kkj.kk >kYŸkhukgh- xor] e¨Gh fodqu o gkretqjh d:u gs Yk¨d mnkjfuokZgdjrkr- e¨BÓkk ‘¨rdÚ;kP;k ‘¨rkaoj tkxY¨ ¼okWpeu½ Eg.kwu rsdke djrkr- ckx;rh vkf.k mlkP;k ‘¨rhYkk] jk«khP;k osGh p¨:uikVkps ik.kh l¨M.;klkBh tkxY;kpk mi;¨x dsYkk tkr¨- R;klkBhjk«kjk«k tkxqu R;kauk ‘¨rhph ns[kÒkYk djkoh Ykkxrs- R;kP;k ;kdkekeqGsp rs tkxY¨ Eg.kwu Áfl/nhYkk vkYŸ¨ vkgsr- tkxYï/nrh gh [kÚ;k vFkkZus osBfcxkj i/nrhph vkgs- cjMs fÒYYkkaiSdhQkj Fk¨Ms Yk¨d f’kdYŸ¨ vkgsr- f’kdYŸ¨ Yk d iŸkhl [kkR;krHkjrh g¨.¨ ilar djrkr-

tkr ukgh- fookfgr óhYkk fdaok iq:”kkYkk ?kVLQ¨V dsOgkgh feGfork;sr¨-

gs Yk d fulxZiqtd vkgsr- rlsp Òwr fi’kkp o psVqd;koj R;kapk fo’okl fnlwu ;sr - ok?knso] dYkadknso]M axjnso ;kaP;kcj¨cjp rs ek:rh] x.kirh bR;knh fganq nso&nsorkaP;k gh iqtkdjrkr- dkdM o{kkYkk r¨ ifo«k ekurkr- /kekZus rs Lor%Ykk fganqletrkr- fganq Yk¨dkaP;k pkYkhfjrhÁek.¨p rs ikMok] ukxiapeh]g¨Gh ] nljk vkf.k fnokGh gs l.k lktjs djrkr- lw;Znso] paænso;kaukgh rs ifo«k ekurkr- lkekU;r% eqYkkeYkÈph YkXus o;kr vkY;kojg¨rkr- ekescfg.k] ekolcfg.kh o pqYkr cfg.kh’kh fookg dsYkktkr ukgh- ,dkpdqGkr YkXu g¨r ukgh- vusd ck;dk dj.;kojtekrhr ca/ku ukgh- gs cjpls vkfFkZd o d©Vqafcd ifjfLFkrhojvoYkacwu vlrs- óhus ?kVLQ¨V f’kok; nqljk iq:”kk’kh YkXu dsY¨rj eqYkhP;k ofMYkkauk ifgYkk uojkYkk YkXukpk [kpZ Ò:u |kokYkkxr¨-

<k.kdk fÒYYk O;olk;kus ‘¨rdjh o ‘¨reqtj vkgsr-R;kaP;k jkgR;k ?kjk’¨tkjh rs nknj] Tokjh] cktjh] edk o rqj gh/kkU;s o rs ÒkthikYkk fidorkr- rs eV.k] ekls [kkrkr] f’kdkjghdjrkr- LFkkfud ‘¨rh dj.¨ gs R;kaps miftohdsps eq[; lk/kuvkgs- R;kaP;krhYk dkght.k ‘¨reqtj o taxYk etqjgh vkgsr-R;kauk laiw.kZ o”kZÒj ¼ckjegk½ dkefeGr ulY;keqGs rs tehuekYkdkadMwu dtkZÅ iSls ?¨rkr- R;keqGsp rs dk;eps dtZcktkjhvlrkr-

LkekU;r% eqYkhps ckGari.k uojkP;k ?kjh g¨rs- ckGari.k dj.kkÚ;kckbZYkk g¨.;kuh Eg.krkr- eqYkkph ukG [kMk d:u R;kr iqjYkh tkrs-[kM;koj nxM BsoYkk tkr - ikpO;k fno’kh ckGar.kh ckbZps Luku dsY¨tkrs- ?kjkr x¨MosrsYkkpk fnok Ykkowu iwtk dsYkh tkrs- R;kp fno’kh eqYkkpsuko BsoY¨ tkrs o teYŸ;k eaMGÈuk xqGlk[kj okVYkh tkrs-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 81 82lkriqM;krhYk fÒYYkkaph ikjaikfjd YkXui/nrh eu¨jatd

vkgs fÒYYk lektkr uojk eqYkxk eqYkhYkk ;k«¨r ikgr¨ o YkXukphekx.kh ?kkYkr - ekx.khÁek.¨ YkXu teY¨ ukgh rj eqYkxk gk eqYkhYkkfrP;k laerhus iGowu usr¨- eqYkhdMwu gqaMk] ngst ?¨rYkk tkr ukgh-;kmYkV eqYkk dMwup eqYkhYkk ngst fnY¨ tkrs- gh jôe lk/kkj.kkikp’¨ iklwu nü gtkj :i;ki;±r vlw ‘kdrs- YkXuklkBh eqgwrZikfgYkk tkr ukgh- Qä ‘kfuokj o vekoL;sP;k fno’kh YkXuYkkoYkh tkr ukghr- YkXu gk xkokrYkk Òxr Ykkor - YkXukuarjlok±uk tso.k o nk: fnYkh tkrs- YkXukP;k Álaxh Yk¨d e¨BÓvkuankus ukprkr o YkXu l¨gGk gk ‘öVh oktr xktr ikjikMYkk tkr¨-

7½ xkohr] ekoph fÒYYk % lu 1881 P;k tux.kusuqlkjxkehr] xkfor] ekoph afÒYYkkaph ,dwu Yk¨dla[;k 1]10]828brdh g¨rh- egkjk”Vª jkT;krhYk /kqGs] uanqjckj ftYg;kr R;kaphoLrh ,doVYkh vkgs-rsÁkeq[;kus /kqGs]uanqjckj ftYg;karhYkvôYkdqok]uanqjckj] lkØh] rG¨nk vkf.k uokiqj rkYkqD;kr vk<Gqu;srkr-R;kaph v’kh dkfg xkos vkgsr dh]R;ke/;s loZpxkehr]xkohr]ekoph fÒYYk Yk d jkgrkr- xkehr]xkerk]xkohr vkf.kekoph fÒYYk gh egkjk”VªkrhYk vuqlwfpr tekr Eg.kqu tkghjdsYŸkh vkgs- xkeahr fdaok xkerk gs xkfor ps lekuvFkÊ ‘kCnvkgsr-xkohr]ekoph fÒYYkkaph cjhp dqGs vkgsr- ;k loZ dqGkapklkekftd ntkZ leku vkgs- ÁR;sd dqGke/;s dIisokn v’kk vk.k[kh mi’kk[kk vkgsr-R;k Eg.ktsdoj]jkÅr]nslkbZ]ekoph]ckjdM]mnkl]iGoh]/k axGh] p©/kjh bZR;knhekoph cŸkh gh Lor«k cŸkh Òk”kk vkgs-rh xqtjkrh Òk”Ÿkk toGphvlwu xqtjkrh Òk”¨pk ÁÒko frpsoj vlY;kps fnlrs-;k cŸkhe/;scÚ;kp ejkBh ‘kCnkaps feJ.k >kYŸ¨ vkgs-rs vkiY;k tkrÒkbZcj¨cj fÒYYkh]fÒYk jh fdaok ekoph cŸkh Òk”kk cŸkrkr-

6½ olkos olkok] oGoh vkf.k xkohr ikMoh fÒYYk %Oklkos] oGoh] ikMoh] ukbZd vkf.k xkohr ;k fÒYYkkP;k

vYkx i¨V tekrh ukghr- fÒYYk tekrhrhYk gh egRokph dqGs ¼x.k½vkgsr- brj fÒYYkkP;k ‘kk[kkis{kk rs ojP;k ntkZps letY¨ tkrkr-Lokra«;iqoÊ dkGkr R;kP;kiSdh dkgh ?kjk.kh tgkxhjnkj fdaokfÒYYk bLVsVhr N¨Vs jkts g¨rs- fÒYYk Áns’kkrhYk igkMkr jkg.kkjsikMoh] ojP;k Òkxkr jkg.kkjs oGoh vkf.k olkgrh fdaok xkosd:u jkfgYŸ¨ olkok] olkos o xkokps usrRo dj.kkjs ukbZd rjeqGlektkiklwu rqVYŸ¨] nqj >kYŸ¨ rs rMoh v’kh R;kaph LFkkuijRosdqGukrs vkYŸkh vlkohr- fÒYYk lektkr olkos] oGoh] ikMoh]ukbZd rqYkusus lq/kkjYŸ¨ vkf.k la[;sus e¨Bs vkgsr- R;kph jhrhÒkrhpkaxYkh vkgs- f’k{k.kkps Áek.k gh R;kP;krpkaxY¨ vkgs- mPpinLFkvf/kdkjh R;kaP;kr fuekZ.k >kYŸ¨ vkgsr- R;kaps jkg.kheku pkaxY¨vkgs- R;kaph ?kjs iôh vkf.k d©Ykk: vkgsr- uanqjckj] if’peuokiqj] rG¨ns if’peÒkx] vôYkdqO;kP;k [kkYkpk Òkx ;k Ò©x©fYkd{ «kkr gk lekt iljYŸkk vkgs- R;kP;kiSdh 90 VôsYk¨d ‘¨rhckGxwu vkgsr- ;k ÒkxkrhYk Yk¨dkaps jkg.kheku o cŸkhÒk”kklkj[kh vkgs- óh;k YkxqMÓkkP;k ?kMhps nü Òkx djrkr- iSdh ,dÒkx uslrkr o ,d Òkx M¨D;ko:u ?¨rkr R;kph isgjko i/nrhoSf’k”Viq.kZ vkgs- vôYkdqok rkYkqD;kr iqoÊ fÒYYkkaps jkts g¨rs-R;kauk fpQVu vls Eg.kr R;kaps Áns’kkoj e¨Bs opZLo g¨rs-

fÒYYk eqYkkYkk ekekP;k eqYkh’kh YkXu djrk ;srs] ijarqvkrscfg.kh’kh fdaok ekolcfg.kh’kh YkXu djrk ;sr ukgh- ;k tekrhrBjkokOnkjs cŸk.kh d:u YkXu tqGorkr fdaok ojkYkk vkiY;k ?kjhu¨djhYkh Bsowu vFkkZr ?kjtkobZ d:u R;kP;kdMwu lsok pkdjh d:u?¨rkr o ?kjtkobZ i/nrhus YkXu Bjforkr fdaok tko;kYkk nÙkd ?öwuYkXu dj.;kpgh ÁFkk vkgs vls YkXukaps fujfujkGs Ádkj vkgsr-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 83 84fÒYYkkaph oLrh vkgs- ikojk fÒYYk gh tekr xsYkh 700 rs 900o”kkZiklwu lkriqMk iÍ;kr jkgr vkgs- gs Yk d ‘¨tkjhYk fÒYYktekrhis{kk Lor%ph tekr osxGh ekurkr- R;kaph lkekftd]lkaLÑfrd fjrhfjokt] pkYkhfjrh] :<h] ijaijk] /kkfeZd pYkuoYku]J/nk o iqtkfo/kh bR;knh rlsp ‘kkfjjhd Bso.k fÒYYk tekrhis{kkfÒé vlY;kps rs ekurkr- i.k fÒYYk gk ,d e¨Bk ekuooa’kvki.k ekuYkk rj R;k ekuooa’kkP;kuqlkj olkos] oGoh] ikMoh]rMoh] ikojk] jkBok] <k.kdk esoklh] M axjh fÒYYkh bR;knh Áns’khugk;fofo/k ‘kk[kk vlY;kps fnlrs- Òkjrh; tkrh O;oLF¨r d¨.krhptkr vxj tekr gh nqljk tkrh tekrhph mitkr fdaok mitkrh]tekrhps mitkr fdaok mitekr vkgs vls ekU; djr ukgh-mitkrh] mitekrhps vfLrRo usgehp Lora«kp ekuY¨ xsY¨ vkgs-R;keqGs ÒkjrkrhYk d¨.kR;kgh tkrhph mitkrh fdaok mitekrO;ogkjkFkkZus tkrh tekrhP;k ikrGhoj Lora«kp dke djrs ;kvFkkZus ikojk] ikojk fÒYYk gh fÒYYkkgqu Lora«k tekr vkgs vlsEg.krkr ;sow ‘kdrs- ijarq fÒYYk gh ,d vkfne eqGs laLÑrhvlwu frP;k iklwu tjh mitkr] mitekr Lora«k ekuY¨ vlsYkrjh frps eqG lkaLÑfrd ó¨r o ioZr gs ,dp thoulj.khrqufuekZ.k göwu osxosxGs Òkohfo’o] J/nkfo’o oj tjh ukuk rÚgspsojoj fnlr vlys rjh frpk mxeu gh eqG fÒYYk laLÑrhrwu>kY¨ gh ckc v/k¨jsf[kr djko;kl ikfgts- Eg.kwu vktgh ikojkfÒYYk gs Lor%Ykk mPp Js”B letrkr-

vØk.kh ÒkxkrhYk ikojk oLR;k] ikM;kP;k Lo:ikr vkgsr-[¨Mh nü rs ngk ngk ikMÓakki;±rP;k oLR;kph v<Grkr- [¨MhfoLrkjhr vkdkjkph vlrkr- ikMs lYkx ulrkr- ikM;kph jpukoSf’k”Viq.kZ vlrs- ikp rs ngk ?kjkaph ,d oLrh r;kj g¨rs- vlsngk&ckjk leqg feGwu ikMk r;kj g¨r¨ vkf.k vls nü rs ngk ikMsfeGwu ,d [¨Ms r;kj g¨rs- ikMÓkkojhYk ?kjs ‘¨rkroj cka/kYŸkh vlrkr

Ekkoph]xkohr fÒYYkkar lk/kkj.kr% ÁkS< fookg g¨rkr- oji{kkdMquYkXukph ekx.kh ?kkYk.;kr ;srs-,dkp dqGkr vkilkar fookg dj.;kleukbZ vkgs- iq#”kkYkk ekescfg.kh’kh fdaok vkrscfg.kh’kh fdaok esOg.kh’khfookg dj.;kl vuqerh vkgs-xkohr tekrhr iq#”kÁ/kku dqVqaclLFkkvkgs-R;keqGs fookguarj eqYkxh frP;k irhdMs jkg.;klkBh tkrs-R;kP;kr o/kqokgd ns.;kph pkYk vkgs-o/kqYkk dU;k’kqYd Eg.ktsnst ns.;kr ;srs o rs eqYkhP;k ofMYkkauk ns.;kr ;srs-

Xkkohr]ekoph fÒYYk Yk¨d vusd nsorkaph mikluk djrkr-rs fulxZiqtd vlwu dkdcafYk;k]fgjkfYk;k]ikaMj]nsoGh]t¨xu]xöYk]ok?knso] d¨caM;kph fdaok c¨dMkapk cGh nsrkr- e;rblekl lk/kkj.kr% iqj.;kr ;srs-xkohr]ekoph fÒYYk Lor%Ykk cjMhrFkk xkofÒYYk]<k.kdk]ukbZd fÒYYkkis{kk ojP;k ntkZps letrkr-iwoÊ gs Yk¨d xkohr]ekoph ;kaP;k’kh j¨Vh O;ogkjgh djr ulr-xkohr rFkk ekophph ÁR;sd [¨MÓkkar Lora«k iapk;r vlrs- gh,d lkekftd la?kVuk vlwu frP;kr dkjÒkjh]ij/kku ¼Á/kku½ oiap vlrkr-dkjÒkÚ;kl Mk;k Eg.kqu lac¨/k.;kr ;srs-r¨ d©Vqachdo lkekftd raVs feVor¨-fujufujkGÓkk ikMÓkkae/khYk Yk d oknkrxqarY¨ vlrhYk rj R;k ikM;kaps iap ,d«k clqu okn feVorkr-¼118½8½ ikojk fÒYYk

Ekgkjk”Vª jkT;kP;k ok;O; Òkxkr uanqjckj] /kqGs] tGxko gsrhu ftYgs vkgsr- ;k ftYgkrhYk rkih o ueZnk u|kP;ke/khYklkriqMk {¨«kkr ikojk fÒYYk Yk d jkgrkr- uanqjckj ftYg;kr ikojkfÒYYk Yk d jkgrkr- uanqjckj ftYg;krhYk vØk.kh] ‘kgknk o /kqGsftYákrhYk f’kjiqj rkYkqD;kr ikojk] ikojk fÒYYkkph oLrh vkgs-vØk.kh rkYkqD;kl Ykkxqu igkMh rG¨nk rkYkqD;kr ikojk] ikojkfÒYYkkaph dkgh [¨Mh vkgsr- tGxko ftYákrhYk pïMk] ;ko]jkosj ;k rkYkqD;krhYk mÙkj Òkxkr lkriqMk ifjljkr ikojk]

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 85 86c aMs xokYk gk fÒYYk Yk dla[;sus Qkj deh vkgs- c¨Ms

fÒYYk nsokfndkaps vFkkZr vkfnoklh nsonsorkaps eq[koVs cka/kwu dFkklkaxr xko¨xko ukpr fQjrkr- dkgh Yk¨d ejojs VïYkhr Bsowu fÒ{kkekxr fQjrkr- ?kj¨?kj vkf.k xko¨xkoh fQ:u /kkU; x¨Gk djrkr-xkokr xqjs pkj.;kps dke djrkr o e;rkP;k mÙkjfØ;sP;k osGhok|s oktforkr- YkXu dk;kZr gs Yk¨d okta«khps dke djrkr-e;rkYkk vXuh fnY;koj nqLkÚ;k fno’kh Le’kkukrhYk jk[k /kqrkr gkfo/kh Qä fÒYYk lektkr dsYkk tkr¨-12½ VsM ¼/¨M½ fod.kj fÒYYk %

gk fÒYYk xV vØk.kh rkYkqD;kr vkgs- R;kapk la[;k Qä100 rs 150 ,o<h vkgs- fÒYYkkaP;k jaxhcsjaxh/k¨rj iÍ;k lkj[;kYkax¨V;k fo.kwu gk lekt vkiYkk pfjrkFkZ pkYkforkr- vkrk ;klektkr [kwi cnYk >kYŸkk vkgs- ljdkjus dkgh fo/kk;d fu.kZ;;k letk djrk ?¨rY¨ ukghrj gk lekt ns[khYk ukghlk g¨.¨ph‘kD;rk ukdkjrk ;sr ukgh- rlsp R;kph cŸkÒk”kk gh YkqIr g¨bZYk-13½d¨VY¨ fÒYYk % ‘kgjkP;k vktqcktqYkk jkgqu eŸketqjh d:u gklekt pfjrkFkZ pkYkfor - iq<kjYŸ¨ lekt ;k fÒYYkkauk u;Ms] uj¨Vko fcoMk v’kk rqPN ukokauh v¨G[kkrkr- iqoÊ cle/;s ;k lektkpkek.kwu clYkk vlsYk rj R;kYkk mBoY¨ tkbZ vLi’;kauk iq<kjYŸkklekt t’kh rqPNrsph okx.kwd nsbZ r’khp okx.kqd d¨VYkk fÒYYkkaukfnYkh tkbZ ijarq ‘kgknk rkYkqD;krhYk Jfed la?kVusP;k pGoGheqGs;klektkYkk vkrk Yk¨d pkaxYkh okx.kwd nsow YkkxY¨ vkgsr- d¨VYkkfÒYYk [kÚ;k vFkkZus ekxklYŸ¨ jkfgY¨ vkgsr- R;kaph oLrh Ákeq[;kus‘kgknk] ikaMonk] Ádk’kk] Eglkon ;sF¨ ik;F;k’kh olYŸ¨ xkaosoxGrk rkYkqD;kr r¨ xko¨xkoh fo[kqjYŸkk vkgs- ‘¨reqtjh dj.¨]ihd laj{k.k dj.¨ v’kh dkes d:u gs Yk¨d pfjrkFkZ pkYkforkr-xqYkkeklkj[kk vk/khu >kYŸkk gk lekt vkgs- R;kps f’k{k.k >kYŸ¨

o rh ,desdkaiklwu Ykkac vlrkr- oLrhleqg ,dk dqGkpk vlr¨-f’kjiqj Òkxkr ikojk [ksMh nkV oLR;kaph vkgsr- ;sFkhYk [¨MÓkkojegkjk”Vª rlsp e/;Áns’kkrhYk [¨MÓkkpk ÁÒko fnlr¨- ;koYk]jkosj]pïMk] ÒkxkrhYk ikojk Yk¨dkaP;k oLR;k lkriqM;kP;k M axjkGÒkxkr vkgsr-9½ YkkB;k fÒYYk %

rG¨nk rkYkqD;kpk if’pe Òkx o vôYkdqO;kP;k [kkYkpkÒkx ;k Ò©x©fYkd Áns’kkr jkg.kkÚ;k ikMoh] oGoh] olkok]xkohr oxSjs dqGkarhYk fÒYYkkauk rG¨nk rkYkqD;kP;k iqoZ ÒkxkrhYko rG¨nk rkYkqD;kP;k iqoZ ÒkxkrhYk o lkriqM;krhYk fÒYYkYkkMD;k fdaok YkkB;k fÒYYk ;k ukokus v¨G[krkr- gk fÒYYk xVoGoh] olkos] olkok ;kaP;k iSdhp vkgs- ijarq R;kapk gk ,dÁknsf’kd xV letYkk tkr¨-10½ eFkokM;k fÒYYk

vôYkdqok rkYkqD;kP;k mÙkj ÒkxkrhYk ojP;kdMhYk] eŸkxhfoÒkxkrhYk lkriqM;krhYk uenkZunhi;±r o vØk.kh rkYkqD;krhYkfÒYYkkauk rG¨nk] ‘kgknk] vôYkdqok] uanqjckj] ÒkxkrhYk fÒYYkeFkokMs] fÒYYk eg.kwu v¨G[krkr- iqoÊ gs Yk¨d f’kdkj d:upfjrkFkZ pkYkor R;kosGh nG.koG.kkph lk/kus uOgrhiqoÊ ;kYk¨dkapk i¨’kk[k Ykax¨Vh vkf.k /k rj vlk g¨rk- vkrk vlk i ”kk[kQä5 VDds Yk¨d okijkr- [kMdh cke.kh ifjljkrhYk 50 xkokrlk{kjrsps Áek.k ik«k Qkj deh vkgs- 1971 P;k tux.üqlkj 50xkokr 1200 Yk¨d lk{kj >kYŸ¨ vkgsr- gGqgGq lkj g¨.¨ps Áek.kok<r vkgs- ;sFkhYk Yk¨dkaps thou ‘¨rhP;k mRiékrqu ÒkxkrulY;kus gs Yk¨d etqjhlkBh nqljhdMs tkrkr-lq/kkjYŸ¨ Yk d ;kifjljkrhYk Yk¨dkauk Ykax¨Vs eFkokMs v’kk fg.kdl ukokus lq/nkv¨G[kkrkr- vR;ar ÁfrdqYk ifjfLFkrh tx.kkjh d”VkGw tekrvkgs-11½ c aMs xokYk fÒYYk %

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 87 88n”V;k rs Lor%Ykk ckdhP;k fÒYYkkis{kk osxGs letrkrijarq fÒYYkka’khR;kaps laca/k rs ukdkjr ukghr- /kkudk Yk¨d Lor%Ykk rMoh /kkudk orsVkfj;k /kkudk ;k ukokuh v¨G[krkr- ;k ÒkxkrhYk Yk dgh R;kauk;kp ukokauh v¨G[krkr- rMoh vkf.k rsVkfj;k gs /kkudk tekrhrnüÒkx vlY;kps Yk dlkaxrkr- rMoh /kkudk gs rMoh fÒYYkkgqufujkGs vkgsr- rlsp oGoh /kkudk gs xzkehr tekrhrhYk oGohmixVkgqu fÒé vlY;kps ekurkr- ;k mixVkae/;s j¨VhcsVh O;ogkjlq: >kYŸkk vlYkk rjh csVh O;ogkj ek«k v|ki g¨r ukghr-

/kkudk Yk¨dk ea/khYk dqaVqaclaLFkk iq:”kÁ/kku vlY;keqGsokjlkgô eqYkhdMs u tkrk eqYkkdMs tkr - /kkudk Yk¨dkae/;s cfgZfookglaca/kkrqu fuekZ.k>kYŸ¨ osxosxGs xV vlwu ;k loZ xVkapk lkekftdobrj ckcÈrhYk ntkZ lkj[kkp vkgs- ;k mixVkae/;s vkilkr csVhO;ogkjg¨rukghr- rMoh dqGhps Yk¨d brj nü dqGÈis{kk Lor%Ykk ofj”Bletrkr- o brj mixVka’kh oSokfgd laca/k t¨Mr ukghr- uohu YkXu>kYŸ¨ t¨Mis osxGs fdaok osxosxGÓkk ?kjkar jkgrs-

fganq Yk dkaP;k pkYkhfjrhÁek.¨ rs ikMok] ukxiapeh] g¨Gh]nljkvkf.k fnokGh gs l.k lktjs djrkr- lw;Znso] paænso ;kaukgh rsifo«k ekurkr- lkekU;r% eqYkkeqYkÈph YkXus o;kar vkY;akoj g¨rkr-ekescfg.k] ekol cfg.k o pqYkr cfg.kh’kh fookg dsYkk tkr ukgh-,dkp dqGkr YkXu g¨r ukghr- vusd ck;dk dj.kkÚ;koj tekrhrca/ku ukghr gs cjpls vkfFkZd o d©Vaqchd ifjfLrFkhoj voYkacquvlrs- óhus ?kVLQ¨Vkf’kok; nqlÚ;k iq:”kka’kh YkXu dsY¨ rj eqYkhP;kofMYkkauk ifgYkk uojkYkk YkXukpk [kpZ Ò:u |kok Ykkxr¨-

/kkudk Yk¨dkauh R;kP;k cŸkhf’kok; Áknsf’kd Òk”kk Eg.kwuejkBhpk vaxhdkj dsYkk vkgs- /kkudk Yk dkae/khYk lk{kjrk 1981e/;s 18-82 brdh >kYŸkh g¨rh-

ukgh- ‘kgjkaP;k vktqcktqYkk jkgqu gkrÒÍhph nk: r;kj dj.¨vkf.k ‘kgjkrhYk nk: vM;kaoj rh iqjfo.¨ o lÍ;k] tqxkj csfVax[¨G.¨ gk R;kapk vkrk fuR;kpk O;olk; >kYŸkk vkgs- R;kP;koLR;kauk fÒYkokMh fdaok fÒYkkV;k vls Eg.krkr-

14 esoklh fÒYYk % tqU;k esoklh bLVsV e/;s jkg.kkÚ;kfÒYYkkauk Áknsf’kd uqlkj esoklh fÒYYk Eg.kwu v¨G[kY¨ tkrs-R;ke/;s oGoh] olkok] ikMoh]rMoh] <k.kdk] ikojk bR;knhfÒYYkkae/khYk ÁpfYkrx.kkapk lekos’k vkgs-

fÒYYkxjkfl;k] <Ÿkh fÒYYk] M axjh fÒYYk] M axjh xjkfl;k]jkoG fÒYYk] ÒkaxkfYk;k] fÒYkkYkk gh fÒYYk xVkaph Áknsf’kd ukaosvkgsr- gs Áknsf’kd foÒkx Ák/kkU;kus xqtjkr] e/;Áns’k] jktLFkku ;kjkT;kae/;s vk<Grkr- gs xV fÒé ukaokuh v¨G[kY¨ tkr vlY¨rjh R;kaph Òk”kk isgsjko] laLÑrh jgulgu] pkYkhfjrh] :<h] ijaijk]/kkfeZd vkf.k lkaLÑfrd fo/kh] toG toG lkj[¨p vkgsr- R;kR;k Áknsf’kdrspk] Òk”¨pk o laLÑrhpk R;kaP;koj ifj.kke >kYŸkkvkgs- tqU;k eacbZ jkT;krhYk vuqlqfpr tekrhph ;knh Òkf”kd Ákarjpusuarj Áns’kfugk; LohdkjY;keqGs ÁpfYkr ;knhr ;k tekrhpklekos’k >kYŸkk vkgs-

15½ /kkudk fÒYYk % /kkudk Yk d Ákeq[;kus /kqGs o tGxko;k nü ftYákr { «kkr vk<Gwu ;srkr- lu 1981 P;k tux.kusuqlkjegkjk”VªkrhYk R;kph ,dq.k Yk¨dla[;k 55880 brdh g¨rh- /kkudktekrhrrMoh] rVkfj;k] o oGoh ;k mixVkpk lekos’k g¨r¨-/kkudkYk¨d fÒYYkh cŸkh cŸkrkr- gs Yk¨d Ákeq[;kus /kqGs ftYg;krhYkvôYkdqok] uokiqj] rG¨nk] uanqjckj o tGxko ftYákP;k lkriqMkioZr jkaxkar o YkxrP;k xqtjkr jkT;kr jkgrkr- /kkudk tekrhP;kYk dkauk vkiY;k usedk Áns’k d¨.krk ;kps Qkjls Kkuukgh- ijarqxqtjkre/kqu R;kaps LFkYkkarj >kY¨ gksrs gs vekU; djr ukghr- lkekftd

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 89 90Lknjph gh tekr e/;sÁns’k] jktLFkku]xqtjkr] egkjk”Vª

if’pe caxkYk rlsp vklkekr vk<Grs- egkjk”Vª if’pe caxkYkrlsp vklkekr vk<Grs- egkjk”VªkrhYk tGxko ftYg;kiqjrk fopkjdjrk ;sFkhYk vlYŸ¨ ÒkV ejkBk ÒkV ulwu rs- jktiqr ÒkV vkgsr-;k jktiqr ÒkVkps laca/k gs vkfnoklh fÒYYkka’kh fia<;kafi<;kpkYkrvkYŸ;k iqoÊlqjhP;k fjrhfjoktk’kh o ,desdkaP;k varxZrlaca/kk’kh t¨Grk ;sbZYk- ;k ÒkVkP;k laca/k gs eqG vkfnoklhlaLÑrh’kh o thoulj.kh’kh Ákeq[;kus t¨MYkk xsYŸkk vkgs- fi<hnjfi<h R;kph eqG ukM gh v’kkÁdkjs fVdqu vkgs-

fÒYYk laLÑrhpk ekxök ?¨rk vls fnlwu ;srs dh]ik”kk.kdkYkhu ;qxkr fÒYYkkaps vfLrRo fnlrs- ;kpkp vFkZ rMohlaLÑrh gh rsOgkiklwu ;k Òwfer fo|eku g¨rh- rMoh fÒYYk gsfÒYYkkaps oa’kt vkgsr- vkrk gs fl/n >kYŸks vkgs- vkfnoklhrMoh laLÑrh tru dj.;kps dke gs L=h;kauh dsYŸ¨ vkgs-,danjhr lo±p vkfnoklh tekrhr ekrlÙkkd iÌrhuqlkjthouekuo lkekftd ijaijk gs pkYkr vlrkr- ,dk fi<h iklwu iq<P;kfi<hYkk laLdkj ns.;kps dke gs ?kjkrhYk T;s”B óh;k djrkr-vkfnoklh rMoh laLÑrhrhYk pkYkhfjrh] :<h] ijaijk] R;kp Áek.ke©f[kd lkfgR;] Yk dxhrs] Eg.kh] YkXukphijaijk] YkXuÁlaxh xk;Ykhtk.kkjs Yk¨dxk.kh] rlsp ?kjkrhYk xqIr ladsr ijaijk] ekrÒk”kk rMohÒk”kk o xqIr ladsr i¨gpfo.;kps dke dj.kkjh taxYkh Òk”kk laLdkjgs rMoh dfcY;krqu uO;k t¨MI;kauk o uoo/kqYkk voxr dj.;kphe©f[kd ijaijk vkgs- v’kk Ádkjs fOnÒkf”kd Yk d laLÑrh fVdfo.;kpsdke gs T;s”B óh;kadMwu dsY¨ tkrs- o ekr`lÙkkd ijaijkvf/kdkf/kd cGdV dsYkh tkrs- rMoh o fÒYYk gs [kkunkuh oJs”B vkfnoklh tekr vlY;kps ekuYkh tkrs-

vkfnoklhps lkekftd thoulj.kh gh leqgkf/kf”BrYk dlaLÑrhr o pYkuoYkukr O;ogkjkr xqaQYŸkh vkgs- vkiY;k

16½ ¼jktiqr½ ÒkV % vkfnoklh rMoh lektkps iqoZT;kaphu an Bso.kkjk o rh tru dj.kkjk ,d vkfnoklh tekr vkgs- ;ktekrhYkk rMoh lektkps rMoh ÒkV vls Eg.krkr- gh tekrÁkeq[;kus vlhjxM] fd’kuxM ¼jktLFkku½ ;sF¨ okLrO;kl vkgs- ;ktekrhph ekrÒk”kk gh rMoh vlwu frpsoj jktLFkkuh Òk”¨pkÁÒkovkgs- lnjph rMoh fÒYYk ¼jktiqr½ ÒkV gs 7 rs 10 o”kkZrqu ,dnklkriqM;krfdaok tsF¨ rsrs rMoh fÒYYk lekt fo[kqjYŸkk vkgs- rsF¨rsF¨ tkowu vkiY¨ ofMYkïktÊr iksFkhr rs u anh ?ksrkr- ;k ÒkVktoGrMoh fÒYYk lektkps oa’kkoGh bfrgkl] dqGs] dqGkpkj rlspiqoZT;kaph ekfgrh bR;knhps u anh gs R;kaps toGhYk ijaijsuqlkjofMYk ikthZr i¨Fkhr rs ?¨r vlrkr- R;kaps gs dk;Z rs fi<;kuafi<;k iklwu rs djr vkgsr-

rMoh fÒYYktekrhr uO;kus tUekYkk vkYŸ¨ eqYkkaps]okjlnkjkapsu anhgsÒkV ?¨rkauk fnlrkr- rlsp YkXukph ck;d¨pk mYY¨[kgs ÒkV iÍjk.kh vlk djrkr- o frP;k iklwu mRié >kYŸ;klarkukukgs jktiq«k vlk mYY¨[k vkiY;k i¨Fkhr u an ?¨rkauk djrkr-ek«k nqlÚ;kank YkXu >kYŸ;k blekP;k iRuhpk mYY¨[k gh rMoh¼jktiqr ÒkV½ nklh vlk djrkr o frP;k iklwu mRié >kYŸ;klarkukauk nklhiq«k Eg.kwu u an rs vkiY;k u anofgr i¨Fkhr?¨r vlrkr-vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk tekrhe/;s ;kauk Qkj ekukps o vknjkpsLFkku vkgs- gs ÒkV vkY;koj ikgq.kpkj djrkr rlsp x¨M/k¨M d:u[kkow ?kkYkrkr- rlsp ojrqu nf{k.kk Eg.kwu :I;s o /kkU; oxSjs ns.;kphÁFkk vkgs- lnjph ijaijk vktrkxk;r pkYkq vkgs-

Òkjrkr ;k ÒkVkaps vkiY¨ ,d vkxGsosxGs oSf’k”Vs fnlwu;srkr- ;k ÒkVkaps jktiqr fdaok xqtjkrh ÒkV rlsp ejkBk ÒkV gsÁkafrd i¨VÒsn vkgsr ;k ÒkVkauk egkjk”VªkrÒkV] xqtjkr jkT;ke/;sckj¨V] e/;Áns’kkr jkoth rlsp mÙkjsr Bkdqj ;k ukokusgh R;kaukv¨G[kY¨ tkrkr-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 91 92,dfu”Brk] bZeku] lkekftd ,drk o lka?khdrk gs R;kaps

thoukpk fo’ ”k iSYkq vkgs- rlsp óh;kacÌYk R;kapk nq”Vhdü mnkjrkiq.kZ]vkReLokfÒeku ns.kkjk] iq.kZi.¨ lkekftd Lora«k cgky dj.kkjkvkgs- vlk ekuoh nq”Vhdü le/n ukxjh laLÑrhr fnlr ukgh-ukxjh laLÑrhr gs iSYkq vR;ar deh Áek.kkr fo|eku vkgs ;kr ‘kadk ukgh vls

okVrs-vkfnoklh tekrhr O;fÒpkjkps Ádkj ?kMr ulrkr-vÒkokus]

vioknkRed fLFkrh ,[kk|k fookghr efgY¨dMwu dGr&uGdrO;fÒpkj ?kMYkk rj lekt o vkfnoklh uojk iq:”k gk vkiY;klqanj fookghr óhYkk ekQ d:u frP;k pqdk {kE; djrkauk fnlrkr-vkfnoklh laLÑrh gh óhÁ/kku] ekrlÙkkd Lo:ikr vkgs- vkfnoklhlkektkph] laLÑrhph j{k.kkph tckcnkjh óh;kaoj vlrs- ;k mYkVukxjh laLÑrhr óhoj Ykgkulgu pqdkaeqGs fdrh vR;kpkj g¨rkr]R;kauk Bkj dsY¨ tkrkr vls ÑR; fuR;kus ?kMrkauk vki.kkalfnlrkr- dkgh ek.kla Ò¨GhÒkcMh] ikiÒ: vkfnoklhps ‘kkfjjhd]ekufld] lkekftd] vkfFkZd o jktdh;] NG ‘k ”k.k gsrq iqjLdjdjrkauk fnlrkr-

gk eqÌk mör dj.;kekxs gsrq gk vkgs] dh ukxjh laLÑrhrhYklH; ekuoh lektkus eghYkkauk vknj] ekulUeku] Lokra«k] lqj{kk]nsowu R;kauk R;kaps eukÁek.¨ txq |kos ;k fopkjlj.khpk ekuorkoknhnq”Vhdükrqu fopkj d:u ;k fopkjkapk QSYkko uO;k fi<h Ik;±ri¨gpfo.;kps dke djkos gk eqG mÌs’k gsrq vkgs- v’kkÁdkjs rMoho fÒYYkkapk i¨Vtekrh o mii¨Vtkrhph ekfgrh vki.k ?¨rYkhvkgs-

pkYkhfjrh] :<h] ijaijk] laLÑrh ;koj vk/kkjYŸkh vkgs-rlsp thou tx.;kph ,d vkYk©fdd Òkofo’okus o lkekftde©f[kd ijaijk] furhfu;e ladrs] ozr] miokl] /kkfeZd vkpkj.k] J/nk ladrs]Yk¨dlaLÑrhÑrh:Ik vkpkj.k] ;koj vuql:u R;kaphthou’©Ykh vkgs- vR;ar [kMrj ÁfrdqYk thoueku la?k”kZ] ifjokj ovkiY;k fpeqdYkh eqYkkackGkps i¨”k.k] ikYku] j{k.k ;koj fuR;k lw;ZmxoY;kiklwu rs ekoGrh Ik;±r gk la?k”kZ j¨tpk ‘okl ?¨.;kckcrpkthou O;rhr g¨r vlr¨- R;keqGsp R;kapsr d/khgh lkekftdleqgkr vki.kkal r.kko] oSeuL; bZ”kkZ] Ons”k] ,sdesdkcÌYk la?k”kZ]frjLdkj] ;k lkekftd nqjkpkjkP;k x¨”Vh fnlr ukghr- ;k x¨”Vh?kMr ulrkr- R;kaps ,sdesdkaoj foYk{k.k ,sD; o Áse lka?khdÒkouk fnlwu ;srkr- R;kaps thoueku Eg.kts vkt dh ckr viuslkFk dYk dh ckr [kqnk ds gkFk- ;k mähÁek.¨ vlrs-

R;kaps eqYkkcGkps vé] oó] fuokjk] LokLFk] j¨txkj ;kckcÈdMs ljdkjus ekuorkoknh nq”Vhd¨.kkrqu c?kqu ukxjh lqfo/kkÁek.¨ leku la/kh fnY;kl vkiY;k eqYkk ckGkph thoueku lq[knkf;d]mérh o vkuannk;h c?kqu vkfnoklhP;k eukr ljdkjcÌYk fo’oklkgZrkok<wu R;kaps eukrhYk xSjlet] ukjkth nqj göwu rs ljdkjP;k ikBh’khmÒs jkgrhYk lgdk;Z djrhYk ;kr ‘kadk ukgh vls okVrs-

Ukxjh laLÑrh vusd vaxkus le/n vlrs- /ke±xzaFk]iszf”krs]nso&nsork lkaLÑfrd fufrfu;es] lR;&vlR;] U;k; Òkouk]U;k;oLFkk] laLÑrh] Òk”kk bR;knh lokZxkus o lkekftdnq”;k]leq/n’kkYkh cgjYŸ¨ vlrs- ijarq vkfnoklhP;k okVÓkkYkk ;kiSdhe¨B;k Áek.kkr lkekftd ÁfrdqYkrk vlrs- ijarq e©f[kd J/nus rslkekftd thoukrhYk ,sD; Òkouk ?öwu rs le/n ukxjh laLÑrhÁek.¨Js”BrRouqlkj thou txrkr fnlrkr- o rs vktgh e©f[kd ijaijk]laLÑrhÁek.¨ txqu txkYkk ekuork f’kdor vkgsr-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 93 94leqgkYkk dYu vls EgVY¨ vkgs- o firoa’kkaP;k ukrsokbZdkaP;kleqgYkk thUl vls EgVY¨ vkgs- jkcVZ YkqbZ ;kauk dqYkkYkk fczfV’kekuo’kkókÁek.¨ dYu gk’kCn u okijrk] firoaf’kd vxj ekroaf’kdvkIr laca/kh;kaP;k xVYkk lhc vls EgVY¨ vkgs- i.k R;kauh firqdYko ekrqdYk v’kh gh ‘kCn Á;¨x dsYŸkk vkgs- ijarq vkt nÜghdqYkkalkBh dYu gkpÁeq[k’kCn loZ la’k /kd o vH;kld gs okijrkr-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkae/;s ekrdqYk o firdqYk ;kaukvuU; lk/kkj.k egRo vlwu R;kf’kok; d¨.krsgh lkekftd thoukpkvk<kok gk viqjkp Bj.kkj vkgs- Eg.kwu jälaca/kkoj vk/kkjYŸ¨vkfnoklh rMohps thou o /kkfeZd pYkuoYku gs ,d egRokpslfedj.k vkgs- ;k f’kok; tekrhpk vH;kl göwp ‘kdr ukgh gsuewn djko;kl okVrs-

dqYkkaps Lo:i % firoaf’kd dqYkke/;s T;kÁek.¨ fiR;kdMhYkukrsokbZdkapk Eg.kts iq:”k iqoZt] R;kaph eqY¨ o eqYkh] ukaroMs][kkij&i.krq v’kk Lo:ikaph vf[kaMr oa’kekfYkdspk fopkj dsYkktkr¨- ekroaf’kd dqYkkr ekrsdMhYk ukrsokbZdkapk ns[khYk firoaf’k;oa’kekfYkdsÁek.¨ fopkj dsYkk tkr¨ vls vlY;kus jkcVZ YkqbZ ;kauhdqYk Eg.kts ,di{kh; vkIrlaca/kkoj vk/kkjYŸkk leqg vkgs- v’khdqYkkph O;k[;k dsYkh vkgs- R;kpÁek.¨ Jh-enu o etqenkj ;kauhdqYkkph O;k[;k dsYkhvkgs dh dqYk gk ÁFker oa’ktkapk leqgvlr¨ ;k oa’kleqgkph mRiÙkhd¨.kR;k rjh lR;] dfYir iqoZtkiklwu>kYŸkh vlrs- ex gk iqoZt d¨.kh ekuo vxj ekuoln’; Ák.kh]ouLirh fdaok futÊu oLrqgh vlw ‘kdrs- v’kh dqYkkph O;k[;kdsYkh vkgs- rMoh fÒYYkkaps dqYkkps Yk{k.¨ ueqn Áek.¨ vkgsr-1½ ,di{kh; rRo %

vkfnoklh laLÑrhr ,di{kh; oa’kijaijkP;k vk/kkjkoj mÒkj.kh>kYŸkh fnlrs- óh iq:”kkaP;k lkekftd leqgkYkk dqYk vls EgVY¨ tkrs-lkriqM;krhYk vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk ;k tekrhr firoa’khd fdaok

Ádj.k -3

vkfnoklh rMoh dqY¨ o dqYkÁfrdokn

ÁLrkouk %vkfnoklh lektkrhYk thoueku laLÑrh gh tSfod]

lkekftd] vkfFkZd] /kkfeZd] iqrZrkdj.;kdjrk jälaca/kkf/k”Br leqgdVhc/n vlrkr- rlsp jäukrs laca/kkoj vk/kkfjr lkekftdpYkuoYku voYkacwu vlrs o rs vkbZ o oMhYk ;kaps jäkP;kukR;kph mÒkj.kh ,di{kh; fdaok f}if{k; rRokoj >kYŸkh vlrs-vkfnoklh rMoh ifjljkrhYk vkbZ o oMhYk ;k n¨g¨P;k cktqusv¨G[kY;k tk.kkÚ;k loZ ukbZokbZdkapk fopkj gk fOni{kh; rRokaojvk/kkjYŸkk vkgs- ;kmYkV dsoG vkbZdMwu fdaok dsoG oMhYkkadMwuv¨G[kY;k tk.kkÚ;k vkIrkapk¼jälaca/kkpk½ fopkj gk ,di{kh;rRokuqlkj dsYkk tkr - fOni{kh; vkIrkapk lekos’k ifjokjkr dsYkktkr¨ rj ,di{kh; vkIrkapk fopkj dqYkkae/;s dsYkk tkr¨-

Rklsp loZ ekuooa’k’kkóK dqYkkYkk gk ‘kCn okijrkrdqYkgk ,di{kh; vkIrlaca/kh;kpk leqg vkgs- okaf’kd nq”Vhus rs loZvkIr ,dkp okaf’kd xVkrhYk vlrkr- dqYkkae/;s firoa’kkps ukrsokbZdlekfo”V dsY¨tkrk- xŸMuok;>j ;kauh ekr oa’kkf/k”Bhr ukrsokbZdkYkk

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 95 96vlrsp vls ukgh- gk dqYkiqoZt ekuoÁk.kh] ekuoln’k] Ák.kh ovpsru oLrqgh vlq ‘kdrs- i.k ;k iqoZtkiklwu dqYkkph mRiÙkh>kYŸkh vkgs- v’kh J/nk ÁR;sd dqYklnL;kpk eukr vlrs-;kÁek.¨ lkriqM;krhYk vkfnoklh rMoh gs fÒYYkkaps oa’kt eku.;kr;sowu vkiYkk lkekftd leqgkpk ,dp iqoZtiklwu vki.k R;k eqGiqoZtkiklwu mRiÙkh vlY;kps R;kph eqG /kkj.kk vkgs-

3½ tUe gk vk/kkj % vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lektk/;s fofo/k dqY¨ fnlwu ;srkr- rlsp rMoh dqYïzek.¨ R;kaph dqYknsorkns[khYk Lora«k eku.;kr ;srs- rlsp T;k dqYkke/;s O;ähpk tUe>kYŸkk vkgs R;kp dqYkkps lnL;Ro R;k O;ähYkk feGr vlrs-O;ähYkk vkiY;k etÊÁek.¨ d¨.kR;kgh dqYkkps lnL;Ro tlsfeGw ‘kdr ukgh- rlsp O;ähYkk YkkÒYŸ¨ dqYkkps lnL;Ro cnYkrk;sr ukgh- rMoh lektkr ;kÁek.¨ thoueku fnlwu ;sr vlwu]fiR;kdMwu ekrsdMwu fu/kkZfjr >kYŸ¨ dqYkkaps lnL;Ro O;ähYkkLohdkjkos Ykkxr vlrs- v’kk Ádkjs dqYkkP;k lnL;kpk vk/kkj gktUe gkp vlr¨- ;kYkk nqljk d¨.krkgh i;kZ; ukgh- ,dnk tUekusYkkÒYŸkk dqYkkps lnL;Ro l¨Mrk ;sr ukgh fdaok cnYkrk ;srukgh- rMoh fÒYYkkr ns[khYk ;kYkk viokn ukgh- rMoh lektkrfofo/k dqGs tjh vlYkh] R;k dqYkkÁek.¨ lkekftd ijaijk] tjhvlY;k rjh ÁR;sd rMoh O;ähYkk laiw.kZ rMoh ijaijk] :<h]pkYkhfjrh] /kkfeZd vkpkj.k o laLÑrh ;k ckcrhr lkekftd,sD;rk lka?khdrk la?kVu o ,d:irk fVdowu Bso.;kph tckcnkjhlïfoYkh vlrs- fdacgquk R;kuq:Ik Ñrh] vkpkj.kh ckcr lektkphläh vlrs-4½ ÁR;sd dqYkkps osxGs ukao %

lkriqM;krhYk vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk tekrÈr ÁR;sddqYkkps jpuk loZlkekU;i.¨ ,dp tjh vlYkh rjh ÁR;sd dqYkkapslaaca/k osxGs vlrkr- ÁR;sd dqYk ,d osxGk xV vlr - R;keqGs gs

ekroaf’kd dqYk iÌrh vfLrRokr vkgs- ;k dqYkke/;s vkbZdMwufdaok ckikdMwu v¨G[kY;k tk.kkÚ;k ukrsokbZdkapk fdaok laxsl¨;jsdkapklekos’k g¨r¨- firoa’khd dqYk i/nhr eqG iq:”k iqoZtkiklwu fuekZ.k>kYŸ¨ oa’kkoG ;kapk lekos’k vlr¨- rj ekroa’kh; dqYk i/nrhróh iqoZt frph eqY¨&eqYkh [kkij ukaroMs ;kapk lekos’k vlr¨-

,danjhr vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lkekftd thou] ijaijkgh firoa’khd dqYk ijaijk vkgs- ijarq rMoh fÒYYk LkaLÑrh ghekrlÙkkd ijaijk vlY;kus fdacgquk loZ vkfnoklh tekrh gsekrlÙkkd ijaijk vlY;kps fnlrs- vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk ;kapslkekftd orZu o /kkfeZd ijaijk mnk- YkXu] lk[kjiqMk b- gsfiroaf’kd dqYk ijaijsuqlkj R;kps ikYku dsY¨ tkrs- ijarq vkfnoklhrMoh fÒYYk tekrhr ekrlÙkkd i/nr vlY;kus gk fjrhfjoktiq.kZ dj.;kdjhrk ekroaf’kd dqYki/nrhpk ns[khYk lkekftdfjR;kdj.;kr ;sr - v’kkÁdkjs rMoh lekt gk vkiY¨ ijaijk] :<h]pkYkhfjrh ;koj ;k dqYkkpk ÁÒko e¨BÓkk Áek.kkr fnlr¨-

2½ eqG iqoZtkiklwumRiÙkh( vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk tekrhrfofo/k dqY¨ R;k dqYkkaps ¼[kkunku½ iqoZt gs osxosxGs vlY;kpseku.;kr ;srkr- fof’k”V uk;d] Òw&Òkx Áns’kko:u dqYkkaps ukaosfuekZ.k >kYkh vkgs- ijarq vkfnoklh rMoh tekr gh ,dpjälaca/k vlYŸ;k ,dkp iqoZtkiklwu fuekZ.k >kYŸkk lkekftdleqg vkgs- v’kh /kkj.kk gh rMoh tekrhr v|ki fnlwu ;srs-

laiq.kZ rMoh lekt gk ,dkp iqoZtkpk ifjokjvkgs- leqgvkgs- tjh osxosxGs dqYkkaps uk;d osxGs vlY¨ rjh rMoh gs Lor%Ykk,dkp iqoZtkps vkIr ekurkr-

dqYkkph lq:okr d¨.kR;k rjh fof’k”V óh fdaok iq:”kiqoZtkiklwu >kYŸkh vlrs- vlk n< fo’okl ÁR;sd dqYklnL;kpkvlr¨- gk iqoZt d¨.k g¨rk] dsOgk >kYkk ;klaca/kh dqYklnL;kauk Kku

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 97 986½ lkos o lkoh dqGkaph xkos % l©[¨Mk ¼lko[¨Mk½ uk;xko] pqapkGs] ekYk¨n

7½ xkodqG] fuackoMkdj % fuackMk xko mtkM >kY¨ vkgs-8½ e¨js] MkaX;k o iqjkMdj % fu:G o ikM;k iqjkM ¼Qj½ xko mtkM>kY¨ vkgs-9½ ?kÍs ¼?kkVs½ o ikns % frM;k] e¨gekaMo]va/kkjeGh] tkUgkjh] fpapkVh]e¨[kkYk] cökYk-10½ ekljs] e¨gsæs]Yk gkjk] bVkok] ?kÍs] okns % lgófYkax11½ [kVoklh % Ò¨djh] dtkZsn] ikM;k12½ lqÒsnkj o e¨js % lkdGh] f’kjlkB] ukojk] nfgxko] ÒkYk rdj]fVodj] fuackGdj] eU;kiqjh] ‘ axMÓkk]vatYkdj ikYkk¼141½Ikk’kh] okansdj] iqjkMdj] xobZdj] ?k Vhdj13½ mifjfufnZ”V dkgh xkodqGs % ÒŸkku] fVVoh] fuackG] eék] ‘ aMÓkk]vatYk] ikYkk’kh] okans] iqjkM] xobZ] ?k¨Vh b-jkukoukrhYk xkos mtkM>kYkh vkgsr-

5½ cfgfoZokgkph ÁFkk % lkriqMÓkkrhYk rMoh fÒYYk ;kvkfnoklh tekrhr ÁR;sd dqYkkph mRiÙkh gh osxGÓkk iwoZtkiklqu>kYkh vkgs vls vkLFkkiwoZd ekuY¨ tkrs- rMohps ,dkp dqYkkrhYkloZ lnL; gs ,dkp iwoZtkps okjlnkj vlrkr- R;kpeqGs rs,desdkaps jälacf/kr ukrsokbZd vlrkr- R;keqGs O;äh osxGÓkkifjokjkrhYk vl.¨ lq/nk tj R;k ,dkp dqYkkrhYk vlrhYk rj rs,desdkYkk ÒkÅ&ÒkÅ o ÒkÅ cagh.k ekur vlrkr-R;keqGs lkgftdpÁR;sd dqYk Lora«k dqYk gk cfgfoZokagh lkekftd lewg vlY;kusrMoh e/;s ,dkp dqYkkrhYk óh&iq#”kkaph YkXus g¨Å ‘kdr ukgh-rMoh tekrhr YkXu tj djko;kph vlY;kl fo#/n dqYk xVkP;kO;äh’khp dssYkk tkr¨- mnk- l¨;adsc¨jOgk;] ?kVs&tekYkdj] ;kÁek.¨dqY¨ vlko;kl ikfgtsr-rlsp ,dkp xkaokrhYk óh iq#”k lq/nk,desdka’kh YkXu d# ‘kdr ukgh-dkj.k rs xkodhuqlkj xkao ÒkÅcgh.k Eg.kqu eku.;kr ;srkr-ijarq l/;k gh ÁFkk u”V >kYŸkh vkgs-

osxGsi.k funsZ’kukYkk vk.k.;klkBh ÁR;sd dqYkkps osxGs o Lora«kuko vlrs- dqYkkYkk uko ns.;kps gh i/nr ÁR;sd dqYkkph lkj[¨pvlrs- vls ukgh- ÁR;sd Lora«k dqYkkr R;kps eqG iqoZt] eqGiqoZtkps oSf’k”V;s dqYkkrhYk uk;dkauk feGkYŸ¨ fdrkc] dqYkkpsikjaikfjd O;olk;] nsorkaps iqtu] oLrhLFkku] ÒwÒkx b- vk/kkjkojrMoh lektkr ukos fnYŸkh vlrkr] lkriqM;krhYk rMoh fÒYYktekrhps nsorkaP;k iqtuko:u lgk dqYk xV ikMYŸ¨ vkg- v’kkÁdkjs rMoh fÒYYkke/;s lgk dqYknsorkauk iqt.;kphjhr vkgs- R;kdqYkkP;k rMoh tekrhrlgk nsos vls Eg.krkr-

Ekgkjk”VªkrhYk lkriqM;krhYk rMoh] fÒYYk ;k tekrh dqYkkYkkfofo/k ukos fnYŸ¨ fnlwu ;srkr- rMoh tekrhr toG toG 84dqY¨ vkgs- ;k ÁR;sd dqY¨ vkgs- ;k ÁR;sd dqYkkYkk Lora= vlsukos vkgs- Eg.kwup ,d osxGsi.k gs ;k dqYkkps vkgs- Eg.kwu ,dosxGsi.k gs ;k dqYkkps oSf’k”V;s ekukos Ykkxrs- vls vlY¨ rjhrMoh fÒYYk lektke/;s dqY¨ tjh Lora«k ukokus v¨G[kYkh tkrvlYkh rjheqG lekt leqgkP;k furhfu;e ikYku dj.;kph oR;kuq:Ik Ñrh dj.;kph vkpj.k dj.;kph läh gh ÁR;sd dqYkxVkoj YkknYŸkhvlrs- o R;kuqlkj lkekftd fjrhfjokt ?kMrkaukfnlrkr-tGxko ftYákrhYk rMoh fÒYYkkaph dqGs [kkYkhYk Áek.¨ vkgsr-1½ xkodqGs % tkeYkdj] xobZdj] tekl] xobZ] gh xkos vktmtkM >kYkh vkgsr-2½ f’kjlkVs dqGkaph xkos % oMh] ijlkMs] lkr¨M] d¨Gn] e¨gjkGk] gfjiqjk

3½ okn dqGkaph xkos % lkaxoh ¼M axjlkaxoh½ N¨Vk c¨j[¨Mk] e¨Bkc¨j[¨Mk] ek:G] gacMÊ gh okansph orunkjh vkgs-4½ ?kVs ¼?kkVs½ dqGkaph xkos % Yk¨gkjk] dqaÒkj[ksMk] dqlqcak] mV[¨Mk]ÒkV[¨Mk] Ykgku l©[¨Mk-5½ okns ]?kÍs ¼?kkVs½ % dGe¨nk] f[kj¨nk

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 99 100deh g¨r pkYkYŸ¨ vkgsr-rlsp rMoh fÒYYk lektkr T;kosGhckG tUekYkk ;srs- R;kosGh rMoh efgYkk ,d fo/kh djrkr o ‘kqj]ifo«k iwoZtkps vkokgu d#u egknsokl Álé djrkr oegknsoklkj[¨p fnO; ‘käh ckGkaYkk feGkoh Eg.kqu ijaijkaxrYk dxhrk}kjs vkokgu dsY¨ tkrs- lnjph ijaijk vkt dkgh dqYkkiqjrhp e;kZnhr jkÇgYŸkh vlwu lnjph Ákphu ijaijk ns[khYkrMoh fÒYYk lektkrqu YkqIr >kYŸkh vkgs-

7½ leku oLrhLFkku Òw&Òkx % Ák-fjOglZ ;kauh dqYkkphO;k[;k djrkauk dqYkkP;k leku okLrO;kpk mYY¨[k dsYŸkk vkgs-leku nsod] leku Òw&Áns’k]leku iwoZtkaojhYk fo’okl ;keqGs,desdka’kh c/n >kYŸ;k O;fäpk cfgfoZokgh lewg Eg.kts dqYkg¨;- ÒkjrkrhYk o lkriqM;krhYk loZ vkfne lektkr dqYkkpsvfLrRo fnlqu ;srs- e/; ÒkjrkrhYk Á¨VkvWLVkYkkbZV tekrhr-lekfo”V g¨.kkÚ;k loZ vkfne tekrhrhYk dqY¨ cfgfoZokgh vkgsrpR;kr rMoh] fÒYYk ;k lkriqM;krhYk vkfne tekrhpk ns[khYklekos’k vkgs-¼145½

8½ rMoh fÒYYkkps dqYk nSor o Òw &Áns’k % fÒYYklaLÑrhP;k ikajikjhd thou lj.khYkk fpdVqu vlYŸ¨ rMohfÒYYk vki vkiY;k dqYk nsorkph iqtk eér djrkauk fnlrkr-rMoh fÒYYkke/;s vusdkps eq[; dqYk nSor [kaM¨ck fdaok [kaMsjko]Òokuh] cgsj¨ck&ÒSjoukFk gsp vk<Grkr-rlsp jkosj] ;koYk] pïMkvkf.k e/;Áns’kkrhYk cjgk.kiqj ;sFkhYk vusd dqYkkps J/nkLFkkuvkMxko rk-;koYkph euqnsoh fdaok eéknsoh vkgs- dqlack rk-jkosj;sFkhYk Òokuh ek;]cjgkuiqj toGhYk bZPNknsoh] v’khjxMph] vk’kkiqjkekrk] tkeusj] ikp¨jk] l¨;xkao] flYYk M] Ò¨djnu Òkxkr o<¨.kko Qjnkiqjph dkGqdkek;] ?kkVukaækph t¨xs’ojh ekrk] lko[¨M;kphÒSjoukFk] cgsj¨ck vkf.k o.khph lIrJaxhekrk bR;knÈuk J/nkiqoZdÒtrkauk fnlrkr- ;k O;frfjä xkaokxkaokr]ikMÓkkr vkljk] ejhek;]

v’kk Ádkjs rMoh lektkr ,dkp dqYkkrhYk YkXu] lk[kjiqMkb-lkekftd] /kkfeZd pYkuoYku gs fuf”k/n ekuY¨ xsY¨ vkgs-

6½ dqYknsork vxj nsod ¼dqYkfpUg½ % rMoh lektkrÁR;sd dqYkkph mRiÙkh d¨.kR;k rjh lR; fdaok dfYir iwoZtkiklwu>kYŸkh vkgs- vls fo’okliqoZd ekuY¨ tkrs- jktiqr ¼rMoh½ ÒkVktoG rMoh fÒYYkkP;k eqG iqoZt o ÁR;sd Lora«k dqYkkP;k eqGiwoZtkph ¼uk;dkaph½ fYkf[kr u anh g;k miYkC/k vkgsr-ijarq fÒYYklaLÑrhP;k mxekiklquP;k iqoZtkP;k u anh g;k fnlr vlY;k rjhjktiqr ÒkV ns[khYk rMoh fÒYYkkapk ,dp iwoZt vlY;kps fYk[khriqjkos gs xkaoÒsVhnjE;ku lkaXkrkuk fnlrkr-R;kpÁek.¨ gk iwoZtekuo] ekuoln’k Ák.kh] ouLirh vxj futÊo oLrqgh vlw ‘kdr¨-;k ltho vxj futÊo oLrqYkk dqYkÁrhd vxj nsod Eg.krkr-lkgftdp ÁR;sd Lora«k dqGkps osxGs dqYk nsork vxj nsodvlrs- mnk-l¨;ads&euwnsoh] c¨jOgk;s&Òokuh ek;] oka/¨ & [kaMsjkobR;knh dqYknsork vlrkr-ijarq fofo/k dqYkkrhYk dqYknsork onsod osxosxGs vlY¨ rjh rMoh fÒYYkke/;s loZp dqYkkps vkjk/;nSor Eg.kqu egknsokl iwtU;kph Ákphu ijaijk v|ki fVdqu vkgs-R;k R;k dqYkkrhYk Yk¨dkapk dqYknsorkdMs c?k.;kpk n”Vhd¨.kvR;ar vknjkpk vlr¨- rlsp dqYknsod tj ,[kknk Ák.kh vlsYkrj R;k Ák.;kph gR;k dsYkh tkr ukgh- dqYkkÁrhdkph nsodkcÌYkiwtkvpkZ dj.¨] vknj jk[k.¨ rMoh lektkr fi<Ókkufi<Ókk pkYkrvkYŸkh gh Yk¨d ijaijk vkgs- th lkriqM;krhYk fÒYYk rMohlektkr e¨BÓkk vknjkus v|ki pkYkq vkgs-

dqYknsorsr nsodkr iwoZtkP;k vkRek olr vlr¨- gh tk.khovlY;kus dqYknsork gh dqYkkaps laj{k.k djrs vlk dqYklnL;kpkfo’okl vkgs- jkWcVZ YkqbZ ;kaP;k erkus ÒkjrkrhYk o vesjhdk]vkÝhdk [kaMkrhYk vkfne tekrhrwu dqYknsork vxj nsod gs >ikVÓkkus

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 101 102fo/kh;qä [kkYY;kl ;k Ák.;k’kh ,d:irk ÁLFkkfir göwu lnjpsvé gs iqoZtkauk fo/kh uqlkj i¨gpr vlrs v’kh /kkj.kk rMoh e/;sfnlrs- R;kÁek.¨ dqYkfpUgs tj uSlfxZd oLrq ouLirh vlYkh rj rhifo«k ekurkr o iqotZkpk vkRek R;kP;kr olr vlr¨ v’kh J/nkvkgs- mnk- rMoh gs YkXukpk ekaMo gs tkaÒqG o vkC;kaP;k Qka|kpkvkPNknu d:u r;kj djrkr rlsp YkXukP;k fno’kh ?kjkr vackGhukokph ouLirhps to.k r;kj dsY¨ tkrs o rs loZ ?kjkrhYk ikgq.ëaMGÈuk tso.kkl ?kkYkrkr gh vackGh ouLirh ‘kqÒeaxYke; vlwufrP;kr iqoZtkpk vk’khokZn YkiYŸkk vkgs v’kh rMohph Ákfpu J/nk vkgs-

3½ cfgfoZokgkph ijaijk %rMoh fÒYYk lektkr ,dp dqYk] nsod o dqYkfpUgs vlYŸ;k

lnL;kaphe/;s vkarjfookg göw ‘kdr ukgh- R;kdjhrk fÒé dqYknsod dqYkfpUg vlko;kl ikfgts] rsOgkp fookg laca/k t¨M.;kr;srkr o lgpjh ph fuoM gh dj.;kr ;sr vlrs-

Lkkjka’k % lkriqM;krhYk rMoh fÒYYk tekrhr oM]fiaiG]vatu] tkaÒqG] vkack] vackMh bR;knh ouLirh rlsp ufn] ukYkk]vXuh] ok;w] lw;Z] paæ] rkjs vkfn fulxZ’käh ok?k] flag] ekatj]ukx] xk;] cSYk o gÙkh] ekdM ;kfo”k;h furkar vknjkph Òkoukvlrs- T;k ouLirh] fulxZ] fulxZ mRikfnr oLrqiklwu vkfnoklhrMohpk mnkgjfuokZg pkYkr¨] dsYkk tkr ] R;kcÌYk R;kapsr dekYkhpkvknj vlrs- v’kk oLrq u”V u djrk R;kps j{k.k] ikYku] ns[kjs[kdsYkh tkrkr o R;kauk ifo«k ekuY¨ tkrs- vkiY;k iwoZtkapk vkRek;k dqYkhfpUgkr nsod :ikr vlr¨- v’kh /kkj.kk rMohph vkgs-Eg.kwu ;k ouLirh o fulxZ ‘kähpk vknj o j{k.k dsY¨ tkrs-

dqYknsorkapk R;kps okl vlr¨ R;keqGs ;k ltho] uSlfxZdoLrquq:Ik dqYkhphUgs] nsod] vlY;kus vkfnoklh rMohlektke/;s ;k oLrqdMs J/nk o vkLFkkioqZd cf?krY¨ tkrkr- R;kapsiwtu dsY¨ tkrkr- rMohps 84 dqGs o fÒYYkkps 36 dqGs vkgsr-

eqat¨ck ;kaukgh eku.kkjs rMoh vkgsr-rlsp pkGhlxkaops ?k¨MsLokjfijckck] ltu’kkg oYkh] rkt¨Ìhu ckck] e©Ykk’kkckck][kktkfe;ka]déM toGhYk ‘¨[k ek: ihj ckck]lSYkkuh ckck] vtesj¼jktLFkku½ ps [kk±tk xjhc uokt e¨bZuqÌhu fp’rh ckck] taxYkh ihjckck R;kp Áek.¨ dkgh rMohps J/nkLFkku gs f’kMÊps lkbZ ckckbR;knh Òt.kkjh ns[khYk eaMGh vkrk rMoh lektkr fnlqu ;srvkgs-¼146½

dqYkÁrhd oknkph oSf’k”V;s % b-l-1791 lkYkh ts Ykkax ;kvkaXYk O;ähuk ukaWFkZ vesjhdu bafM;UldMqu dqYk Árhd gk ‘kCnmpYkYkk ijarq vkfnoklhP;k lektthoukrhYk dqYk ÁrhdoknkpsegRo ts-,Q-e-fDYkukZu ;k ekuo’kkóKkus ÁFkep vpwd v¨G[kY¨-vka”VsfYk;krhYk tekre/;s dqYkÁrhdoknh fodlhr Lo#ikr fnlqu;srs-vkfÝdk] mÙkj vesjhdk] vesjhdu bafM;Ul o Òkjrke/;asvknhoklh tekrhph mÒkj.kh gh dqYkÁrhdoknkoj >kYŸkh vkgs-toG toG loZp vkfne tekrh o rMoh fÒYYk tekrhrfo’kh”V ouLirh] Ák.kh o fulxkZrhYk dkgh oLrq ifo«k ekurkr o R;kphiwtk vpZuk djrkauk fnlrkr-1½ dqYkfpUgkps vfLrRo %

dqYkkph mRiÙkh dk.kR;k rjh ltho vxj futÊo oLrqiklqu>kYkh vkgs-lkriqM;krhYk rMoh fÒYYkke/;s dqYk R;kph dqYknsorko dqYkfpUg vfLrRokr vkgsr-rMohph ;kpsoj furkar J/nk vkgs-vkiY;k dqYkiqoZtkpk vkRek gk R;k dqYkfpUgkr vkgs- v’kh rMohlektkph /kkj.kk vkgs-¼147½

rMoh lektkr dkgh Òw&ÒkxkrhYk dqYkkps dqYkfpUgs] nsodgs ukx] ok?k o xk; gs fnlwu ;srkr- rMohP;k var%eukr R;kcÌYkfoYk{k.k vkLFkk fnlwu ;srs-2½ dqYkfpUgkcÌYk vknj %

rMoh fÒYYk lektkr dqYkfpUgs] nsod tj Ák.kh] i’kq vlsYkrj R;kph gR;k dsYkh tkr ukgh- ijarq /kkÆed lekjaÒkr Ák.;kps ekl

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 103 104vktP;k dkGkr lkaxkos ikBfoYŸ¨ tkrkr nqj/ouho:u rlspe¨ckbZYk Qüo:u ns[khYk fe«kkauk o l¨;Ú;kauk fuea«k.¨ ikBfoY¨tkrkr- ijarq Òkjrh; laLÑrhuqlkj vktgh if«kdk ikBfo.;kpkfjokt vkgs- gk ,d lkaLÑfrd eku lUeku vlr¨ o r¨ ijaijsuqlkjikG.;kr ;sr vlrkr- v’kk Ádkjs czkã.kkdMwu o iqtkÚ;kdMwufookgfrFkh o eqgwrZ dk<.;kr ;sr vlr¨- vktgh gh ijaijke¨B;k Áek.kkr ikgko;kl feGrs-

lk[kjiqMk ¼QqVk.¨ okV.¨ ½ % vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lektkreqYkxh ilan dsY;kuarj QqVk.¨] okV.¨ fdaok lk[kjiqMk Bjforkr-[kkans’kkr rlsp lkriqMÓkkr ;k fjoktkYkk QqVk.¨ okV.¨ vls Eg.krkr-rlsp lkrekG ifjljkr QMdh vls EgVys tkrs- vktP;k dkGkrlk[kjiqMk vFkkZr QqVk.¨P;k fjokt gk ikj iMrkauk t¨ r¨ vkiY;kgSlh;r ,sirhÁek.¨ toukP;k ns[khYk csr dsYkk tkr - ;ke/;s oj.k&i¨Ghrlsp ‘kkdkgkjh o rqjGd Áek.kkar ekalkgkjkps tsou nsrkr] oj oo/kw dMhYk T;s”B eaMGh ;k njE;ku x¨Gk g¨rkr- rlsp ojkYkkvaxBh] diMs YkÙ¨ o brj oLrq o/kw i{kkdMwu ÒsV fnYkh tkrkr-R;kpÁek.¨ oj i{kkdMwu ÒsV o/kqYkkgh lkMhp¨Gh] rlps nkfxusfnY¨ tkrkr- lektkrhYk O;ähpk o o;ö/n óh;kapk ;k osGhvkf’kokZn ?¨.;kr ;srkr- ‘öVh nqokZ[kZaj göwu vYYkkps ukeLdj.kgöwu lnjpk fo/khph lkaxrk dj.;kr ;srs o loZ lektkrhYkO;äh gs ojkYkk ?öwu vkiY;k eqG xkaoh ek?kkjh ijr fQjrkr-rMohps fookg i/nr o Áeq[k oSf’k”V;s %

vkfnoklh rMoh lektke/;s fookg dj.;kph vkiYkh,d vkfnoklh ijaijk vkgs- R;kpÁek.¨ bLYkke fjoktuqlkj fudkggk i<oYkk tkr¨- rMohps fookgkps dkgh Áeq[k oSf’k”Vs ;s.¨ Áek.¨ vkgsr-

1½ gGnhP;k fno’kh gGnhpk ekaMo Vkd.;kpk dk;ZØeg¨r - gk ekaMo uojhP;k ?kjkle¨jhYk nkjktoG vlr - ekaMokr ,d

Ádj.k -4

vkfnoklh rMoh fookg

fookg eqgqrZ o frFkh % oj rlsp o/kw dMhYk eaMGh eafnjkrtkowu iqtkÚ;kdMwu rlsp czkã.kk dMwu fookgkph frFkh dk<.;kr;srs- czkã.k lkaxsYk rh frFkh o rlsp mÙke ‘kqÒ loklhukph ukaosdk<.;kr ;srkr- lnjph ijaijk gh vfr’k; Ákfpu vkgs- YkXuif«kdkr;kj dj.;kiqoÊ czkã.kkdMwu ipkax ikgqu oj o/kqph ukos tjeaxYke; ;sr ulrhYk rj R;kr cÌYk d:u ‘kqÒ ukaokpk lekos’kif«kdsr dj.;kr ;srs- ,[kk|k osGsl czkã.kkps lkax.;kÁek.¨ eqGukaok,soth nqljs Vïu ukao ts ‘kqÒ vlsYk rj R;kpk mi;¨x if«kdsrVkd.;klkBh djrkr- vkfnoklh rMoh ;kapk ‘kqÒ o v’kqÒ ‘kdq.kkojfo’okl vkgs- rlsp fookgkpk u©rk nsrkauk gGn YkkoYŸ¨ /kkU;kpkrkanGkp nk.;kpk mi;¨x djrkr- rlsp Tokjhps nk.;kpk ns[khYk okijdjrkr- vktP;k dkGkr e¨BÓk Áek.kkr YkXuif«kdk gh Nki.;kr;srkr- o rh laxsl¨;js uk xkaokxkaokr tkowu okV.;kr ;srkr rlsp

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 105 106tkrkr- rn~uarj dk>h gk ikp dYkes uojnsokdMwu i<owu ?¨r¨ ouarj ‘öVh nqokW[¨j vYYkkYkk lLej.k ekxrkr o v’kkÁdkjs gkfookgkpk fudkgkp lïkLdkj iqoZRokl ;sr¨-

9½ fookgiq.kZ g¨rkp uojnso YkXukr mifLFkr vlYŸ;klX;k l¨;Ú;kauk vfYkaxu nsr vk’khokZn ?¨rks- fe«k eaMGh ns[khYkeqckjdckr nsrkr- uojhgh efgYkkauk ÒsVwu vk’khokZn ?¨rs-~ 10½ vkfnoklh rMoh lektkps ,d Áeq[k oSf’k”V; Eg.ktsrMoh [kkunkukph ÁR;sdkph dqGnsork gh vlrs- uojnso&uojhYkkdqGnsorsle¨j mÒs d:u iqtkvpkZ gh fo/khor d:u n’kZu ?¨rkr ouojnso uojhpk Òkoh lalkj eaxYke; o lq[kh gö¨ gh dkeukdjrkr- rlsp fij¨ckps ns[khYk n’kZu ?¨rkr etkjhoj QqYkkaph pknjp<owu nqokZ lq[kh lalkjkph ekxrkr-

11½ fudkgpk Áeq[k dk;ZØe gk uojhdMs >kYüarj uojnsogk vkiY;k ?kjh ;srkr rsF¨ tsoukpk ixar ns.;kr ;srs o ‘öVhetfYkl Òjrs- ;kr [kVY;krhYk o tkriapk;rhps laxs l¨;jslgÒkxh g¨rkr- v’kkÁdkjs uojnsokdMhYk dk;ZØekph bfrJh ijaijsuqlkj‘öVh g¨r¨-

12½ uojnsokYkk dk>h gk fudkg Ykko.;kvx¨nj ?kjkrhYkT;s”B efgYkk eaMGh uojnso uojhYkk ?kjkr cŸkkowu ?kjkrhYk fÒarhojgGnhus ÒjYŸkk iatk ekjrkr- rlsp YkkYk jaxkP;k dkiMke/;s ukjkGo brj ikjaikjhd phtoLrq fjoktkuqlkj Bsorkr o fÒarhoj f[kM;kYkkcka/krkr o iqtkvpkZ djrkr-

13½ rlsp uojnsokYkk fudkg i<.;kvxknsj ?kjkrhYk eaMGhgh uojnsoYkk ?kjkr cŸkkowu dqGnsorkle¨j v’kh djrkr o ekFöjgGhnkpk fdaok dqadokpk frYkd Ykkorkr- rlsp ijaijsuqlkj iqtkvpkZdjrkr- ;k fo/khr loZ vkfnoklh efgYkk o iq:”k lgÒkxh g¨rkr-;k fjoktkYkk fVdk ijaijk fdaok fVdk i/nr vls rs Eg.krkr- ;k

d¨jk ekB Bsorkr R;kps[kkYkh xgq o brj feJhr /kkU; VkdrkrekB ik.;kus Ò:u Bsorkr o R;koj N¨Vs d¨js eMds Bsorkr-ekBkYkk d¨Ú;k oókr gGandqM c¨V gGnhph YkkoYkh tkrkr-eqYkhdMs gGnhpk ekaMo gk uÅ [kkackpk rlsp eqYkkdMs r¨ ckjk[kkackpk Vkd.;kph lkaLÑfrd ijaijk ÁFkk vkgs-

2½ uojnsokdMwu t Ik;±r nstdjh ;sr ukgh] rÏ;±r uojhYkkgGn Ykko.¨ph fjfrfjoktkYkk lq:okr g¨r ulrs- nstdjh ;kpklkaxok vkYöj gh vkfnoklh ÁFkk gGnfo/khph laié dsYkh tkrs-

3½ YkXufo/kh lq: g¨.;kiqoÊ ujonso gk fij¨ckP;k etkjhtoGfdaok xkokaP;k lhesoj FkkacYŸkk vlr¨- uojnso gk uohu oóifj/kku d:u o M¨D;kiklwu rs ik;ki;±r fofo/k QqYkkaph xqaQYŸkhekGk ?kkrYŸkh vlrs R;kl lgsjk vls Eg.krkr- oktr xktr ojkrxkaokrqu fejo.kwdhP;k Lo:ikr uojhP;k ?kjh ekaMonkjh ;s.;klfu?krkr R;k fjoktkYkk fcÌh fejfo.¨ vls EgVY¨ tkrs-

4½ uojhP;k ekaMokr fudkg iq<fo.;kiqoÊ dk>h gk uojnsokYkkelftn e/;s ?öwu tkrkr o rsF¨ uekt vnk dj.;kr ;srs uarjdk>h gk uojnsoYkk uojhP;k ekaMokr ?öwu ;sr¨-

5½ fudkg gk ÁR;{k Ykkxrkauk uojh gh ?kjke/;s o uojnsogk ekaMokr vlr¨-

6½ uojhpk vafre laerhus esgj gh BjfoYkh tkrs- lnjpkfookg gk dcqYk vkgs dk; vls odhYk xokWg uojhYkk lkaxqufrdMwugh fudkg dcqYk gs mPpkj.k ,Sdq.k ekaMokr ijr ;srkr-

7½ dkgh mifLFkr laX;k l¨;Ú;k le{k esgj okpqu nk[kfor¨-uonsokdMwugh esgj dcqYk d:u ? rYkh tkrs gh esgjph jôe 201 rs786 :i;k i;±r /kj.;kr ;sr vlrs- uojnso dMwu esgj vnk dj.¨r ;srs-

8½ dk>h gk vkiY;k iqfLrdsr uojnso] uojhps le{ki.¨gLrk{kj u anfor¨ rlsp odhYk o xokWgkps gLrk{kj ns[khYk u anfoY¨

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 107 108vkfnoklh lektkr fookg laLF¨ps vfLrRo lkoZf«kd Lo:ikr

fnlwu ;sr vlrs- i.k ;k fookg laLF¨ps Lo:Ik o brj lektkrhYkfookg laLFŸkk vxnh osxGs vkgs- fookg gh oS;fäd ckc vkgs-v’kh vk/kqfud fopkjlj.kh gh vkfnoklh lektkYkk eqGhp ekU;ukgh- nü O;ähP;k ehYkukiss{kkgh nü dqVqackaps] nü dqGkaps] nüxkaokps la?kVu gs vR;ar egRokps ekuY¨ tkrs- fookg gs lkekftdca/ku vkgs- ;koj R;kapk xk< fo’okl vkgs- fookg laca/kkr lq/nkO;äh Eg.kwu o/kqojkauk egRo vkfnoklh lektkr egRo ulrs rjfof’k”V dqVqackps dqYkkps lnL; Eg.kwu R;kauk egRo fnY¨ tkrs-R;keqGs jfrlq[k vkf.k Áse ;k oS;ähd ÒkousYkk fookg ca/kkuregRo fnY¨ tkr ukgh- rMoh fÒYYk bR;knh tekrhr cgqiRuhRokYkkekU;rk vkgs- ijarq Ákfpu dkGh rlsp vktgh dkgh rMoh gsYkXukP;k ifgY;k ifRu leosr iq.kZ vk;q”; dk<hr vlrkr- rMohgs ,diRuhRo jkg.¨ gsh ilan djrkr- jktiqr ÒkV gs rMohP;kifgY;k iRuhpk mYY¨[k egkjk.kh] iÍjk.kh vls djrkr- o frP;klarrhYkk jktiq«k] jktiq«kh Eg.krkr- nqLkÚ;k YkXukP;k iRuhpk mYY¨[kÒkV gs nklh vlk djrkr- frP;k eqYkkauk nklhiq«k Eg.krkr-dqGkpkjkÁek.¨ fYkf[kr iqjkos ÒkVk toG vkgsr-

Rklsp O;DrÈP;k orZukoj fu;a«k.k ?kkYkwu lektkrhYk loZO;äÈP;k vkpj.kkr ,d Ádkjph vuq:irk ?kMowu vk.k.;kps dkeekuokus fuekZ.k dsYŸ;k lkekftd laLFkk djhr vlrkr- fookg]dqVqac] ekYkeÙkk] /keZ] U;k;] vknh Ykgku&e¨BÓkk laLFkkps o leqgkapsca/ku ÁR;sd O;DrhYkk okxkos Ykkxrs- ca/kukcká fdaok fu;eckádrh lektkr vlrs- R;kpeqGs lektkrhYk O;ähP;k orZukrlqlaxrh] vuq:irk o lekurk vk<Gwu ;srs-

vkfnoklh lektkr O;ähYkk vkiYkk t¨Mhnkj fuoMrkaukeqä Lokra«; fnY¨ tkr ukgh- fookgfo”k;d ckcrhrhYk O;ähpk

i/nrhus rMoh lektkr YkXufo/kh ikj ikM.;kr ;sr vls ijarqvkrk ek«k lnjph lkaLÑfrd ijaijk gh dkGkP;k v¨?kkr YkqIrikoYkh vkgs- vktP;k dkGkr lnjph ijaijsps ikYku d¨.khgh djrukgh-

14½ fookg gk iq.kZr% eqYkhP;k laerhus ikj ikMYkk tkr¨-frus dcqYk dsY;kojp gk fudkg ifjiq.kZ o iq.kZ letYkk tkr¨-‘kD;r¨ eqYkh ák vkiY;k vkbZ ofMYkkph vkKk ikGhr vlrkr-

15½ vkfnoklh rMoh lektke/;s vkrk tutkxrhe¨B;kÁek.kkr lq: >kYŸkh vkgs- LoxÊ; j©ud rMoh lkgsc ;kpsÁ;Rukrqu rlsp lektdk;kZr fgjhfjus lgÒkx ?¨.kkj dkgh rMoh;qodkapk e©fYkd lgdk;kZus vkfnoklh rMoh mérheaMG LFkkiud:u 1987 P;k lqekjkl ifgYkk lkeqfgd fookg laié >kYkk-x¨jxjhc rMoh cka/kok djhrk lektlsoh rMoh cka/kokps vkiY;kpcka/kok djrk dj.;kr ;s.kjs gs dk;Z o R;kl feG.kjs ljdkjpsikBcG ;keqGs lnjps dk;Z gs e©fYkd o LrqR; vls vkgs- ljdkjusfnYŸ¨ ikBcG rlsp rMoh ;qodkps vkiY;k cka/kok djrk dsYŸ¨d©rqdkLin dkefxjheqGs gs lkeqfgd fookg i/nr gGqgGq Q¨Qkorvlwu lqoZnqj frpk Ápkj o Álkj g¨r vkgs- gh x¨”V vkuankph oLokxrkgZ v’kh vkgs-

16½ ‘kklukrQsZ lq/nk lkeqfgd fookgkYkk ekU;rk feGkYkhvkgs- ‘kklu vusd ;¨tukk ;k vkfnoklh dfjrk jkcfor vkgs- ;k;¨tukeqGs o miØekaeqGs vkfnoklh tuthoukr e©fYkd cÌYkg¨rkauk o f’k{k.kkpk Ápkj o Álkj g¨rkauk vki.kkal fnlwu ;srvkgs-

17½ vkfnoklh rMoh lektke/;s gqaMk i/nr o fjrhfjoktukgh vkgs- fookg gk vR;ar lk/kk i/nrhus ikj ikMYkk tkrksuojhYkk lalkjklmi;¨xh iMrhYk v’kh lalkj mi;¨xh ÒkaMh ophtoLrq ÒsV Eg.kwu ns.;kpk fjokt vkgs- gYYkh t¨ r¨ R;kP;k,Sirhuqlkjlalkj mi;¨xh phtoLrq nsr vlr¨-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 109 110jk[kY¨ tkosr gh lektkph Áeq[k eu¨Òwfedk vlrs- R;kpcj¨cjfof’k”V dqGkph [kkunkph oa’k ijaijk jk[krk ;koh Eg.kwu larrhfu;ekcj¨cj lektkus ?kkYkqu fnYŸ¨ loZ fu;ekaps ikYku djkoslekt p©dVhr jkgkos- fookg gk nü O;ähpk ulwu nü vkRekpk]thokpk vlr¨- nü dqGs] nü [kkunku] nü xkaos o laiw.kZvkfnoklh LkaLÑrhpk r¨ ,d vuU; feYkkQ vlr - ;kaps Òkufookg laLF¨ps cqtqxkZdMwu rlsp ifjokjkrhYk Ykgku e¨BÓkk lnL;kdaMwuuoo/kwYkk rlsp uojnsoYkk djowu fnYkk tkr - vkfnoklh tekrhrtUeYŸ¨ ÁR;sd O;ähoj gs lkaLÑfrd laLdkj gs r¨ txr vlrkaukrlsp fookg l¨gGs rlsp brj lkaLÑfrd pYku oYkukrhYk laLdkjgs R;kapsoj tUekiklwu rs e¨Bs fookg ;¨X; >kYüarj rlsp rnuarjgh;k ifjos”kkr gs vkfnoklh laLdkj dGr u dGr R;kapsoj g¨rvlrkr- ;krhYk dkgh lkaLÑfrd laLdkj gs lkax.;kph gh xjtfdaok vko’;drk Òklr ulrs-

vkfnoklh rMoh lektke/;s eqYkxk o;kr vkYöj rlspr¨ deork >kYöj o/kwph ‘k¨/kk’k¨/klq: g¨rs- dkghgh dke/kank udj.kkÚ;k eqYkkpk fookgkpk fopkj gk dsYkk tkr ukgh- t¨ Ik;±r r¨dkekYkk;d g¨r ukgh r¨ Ik;±r R;kapk fookgkpk fopkj VkG.;kr;sr vlr - dke/kank u dj.kkÚ;k o vfookghr eqYkkauk lkekftdÁfr”Bk gh ÁkIr g¨r ulrs- R;kpÁek.¨ vkfnoklh rMoh letkek/;s ,dkp dqGkr fookg dj.;kph ÁFkk ukgh vkgs- dkj.k lekudqGke/;s jäkps rlsp ,dkp ifjokjkps [kkunkukpk fj’rk vlrËg.kwu vlY;k fookg laca/kkuk vktgh foj¨/k vkgs- fookg djrkaukoj o o/kw gh fo:/n dqGkrhYk rlsp osxosxG;k dqGkrhYk vlk;Ykkgohr mnk l¨;ds&c¨jOgk;ps ?kÍs&ÒŸkudj] lüo.¨] ckjh bR;knh,dk dqGkrhYk Yk¨dkae/;s l¨;fjd laca/k vkti.k g¨r ukghr-dkj.k leku dqGkrhYk Yk¨d ,dkp dqG iq:”kkaps oa’kt vlrkr-fookg dj.;kYkk fo:/n dqGkrhYkp eqYkxh gh ilan dj.;kr ;srvlrs- lnjph lkaLÑfrd ijaijk vktgh jk[kYkh tkrs frps ikYkugs vktgh dsY¨ tkrs-

LoSji.kk vkfnoklh lekt lgu djhr ukgh- O;ähus d¨.kR;k o;kr]d¨.kR;k leqgkrhYk O;äh’kh o d¨.kR;k i/nrhus YkXu djkos ;kfo”k;hcka/k.ks ÁpfYkr vlY;kps fnlu ;srs- O;ähus dsOgk o d¨.kR;k legqgkrhYkO;äh’kh fookg djkok ;kfo”k;h vkfne lekt vf/kdkf/kd tkx:dvlr - dqVqackvaxZr oSf”k;d laca/k VkG.;klkBh varxZr o cfgxZrfookgfo”k;d fu;ekps ikYku vR;ar dkVsd ji.ks dsY¨ tkrs- brds dh];k fu;ekaps mYYk?kau dj.kkÚ;k O;äÈuk ‘kklu djhr vlr- ,o<kdkVsd ji.kk o/kq feGfo.;kP;k i/nrhfo”k;h vlr ukgh- ;k i/nhrrO;ähP;k gkrqu f’kFkhYki.kk tjh fnlwuvkYkk rjh R;kaP;kdMs xaÒhji.kkusd¨.kh igkr ukgh-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk fookg gk /kkfeZd laLdkj ekur ukghr-rj fookg gk ,d O;kogkfjd o lkekftd ?kfu”B ca/ku djkjvlspR;kps er vlrs- rsOgk o/kwlaiknukP;k fØ;se/;s d¨Bsgh fookg fo/khP;k/kkfeZd fØ;k vk<Gwu ;sr ukghr- vkfnoklh lektkrhYk o/kqlaiknukP;kfofo/k i/nrÈuk lektkphvuqerh vlrs- o/kqlaiknukph d¨.krhgh i/nrvlYkh rjh frYkk lektkph vuqqerh vxnh vko’;d vlrs- dkj.kvkfne lektkrhYk fookglaca/kkr dsoG oS;fäd fgrlaca/kkis{kk d©Vqafcdfgrlaca/kp xqarYŸ¨ vlrkr vkfne Ykdfookg Eg.kts dsoG nü óhiq:”kkaps ehYku vls u ekurk nü fÒé dqVqackuk ,d«k vk.k.kkjk r¨ nqokvkgs vls ekurkr- R;keqGsp o/kwlaiknufo”k;d vl.kkÚ;k i/nrhrlekt Yk{k ?kkYkhr vlr-

v’kk Ádkjs fookg laLF¨ ekxs ,d vkfnoklh ijaijk vlrs-fookg >kYŸ;k t¨MI;kuhxq.;kx foankus ukankos o jkgkos lektfjrikGkoh o nü [kkunkukph o dqGkP;k ukoYk©fddkl lktY¨:psYk vls orZu djkosr- bTtr o bczr jk[kkoh rlsp ;k fookgl¨gkGk gk nü xkaos] nü dqGs] [kkunku ,d«k ;srkr- d¨.kR;kghvfÁ; orZukeqGs ;kYkk rGk tkrk dkek u;s- fookglaLF¨ps gs ukrs vrqV


ÒkoMkapk fookg o vlei{k vkrsekes ÒkoMkapk fookg] vls nümiÁdkj vk<Grkr- lei{k vkrsekes ÒkaoMkaP;k fookg ÁdkjkreqYkkYkk vkiY;k ekes cfg.kh’kh fdaok vkrscfg.kh’kh fookg djk;YkkeqÒk vlrs- rlsp eqYkhYkk lq/nk vkiYkk vkrsÒkÅ fdaok ekesÒkÅ;kiSdh d¨.khgh t¨Mhnkj fuoM.;kps Lokra«; vlrs- lei{k vkrsekesÒkoaMkaP;k fookg Ádkjkr vkrsekes ÒkaoMkauk leku Y¨[kY¨ tkrukgh- rsOgk ;k ÒkoMkauh ojhYk Áek.¨ d¨.kk’khgh fookg dj.¨ eatqjulrs- Eg.kwup eqYkxk dsoG vkiY;k ekes fdaok vkrs cfg.kha’kh oeqYkxh vkiY;k vkrs fdaok ekes Òkok’kh fookg d: ‘kdrkr-loZlk/kkj.ki.¨ vkrsÒkÅ ekescfg.kh fookg vf/kd ÁpfYkr vkgs-Òkjrkr rj vkR;k ?kjh Òkph gk Á?kkrp ekuYkk tkr¨-

Òkjrke/;s gk fookgÁdkj Eg.kts fo’¨”k vf/kdkjkp ekuYkktkr¨- x aM tekrhr rj v’kk fookgkph läh dsYkh tkrs- ;kfu;ekpk Òax dsY;kl uqdlku ÒjikbZ |koh Ykkxrs- fÒYYk] rMoh]bR;knh tekrhr ekes cfg.kh’kh fookgkps vxR;iqoZd Lokxr dsY¨tkrs- vkbZpk gk ‘kCn egkjk”Vªkr okijYkk tkr - i.k vkrs cfg.kh’khfookgkps Áek.k ek«k egkjk”Vªkr deh vkgs-

vkrsÒkÅ o ekescfg.k ;k fookg Ádkjkps egRo vkfnelektkrhYk O;äÈuk brds okVrs dh vkbZYkk l[kk ÒkÅ vxjR;kYkk eqYkxh O;ähYkk ÒkÅ ekuYkh R;k nqjP;k ukR;krhYk xkokP;keqYkh’kh YkXu dj.;kpk eqÒk vlrs- ;kYkkp ÁfrLFkkiusps rRo vlsEg.krkr- if’pe vkWLVªsfYk;krhYk djSjk ;k tekrhr fo’¨”kRokus gsÁfrLFkkiusps rRo vk<Gwu ;sr- i.k r¨Mk o osVnk Yk¨d ek«k l[;kvkrsekes ÒkoMkapk fookg ;¨X; ekurkr- vkrsekes ÒkoMkapk fookgcgqla[; vkfne tekrhr ialr djrkr- R;keqGs gk fookgÁdkj Eg.kts,d loZlkekU; ÁpfYkr vlYŸkh ÁFkkp cuYŸkh vkgs- rMoh fÒYYk ;k

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkaps fookgkps Ádkj %rMoh fÒYYkkaps fookgkps Ádkj ;kaps fopkj dj.;k vx¨nj

vkfnoklh fÒYYk laLÑrhr ÁpfYkr vlYŸ;k fookgkP;k Ádkjpkns[khYk lk/kd ck/kd foospu ;sFks d: ;k] ts.¨ d:u vki.kkalrMoh fÒYYkkP;k fookgkps Ádkjkckcr ekfgrh gh göw ‘kdsYk- rMohlektke/;s dkgh fÒYYk lkaLÑfrrhYk fookg Ádkj tjh ekU; dsY¨tkr ulY¨ rjh ns[khYk fof’k”V laLdkjkuarj o fu;ekuqlkj ;kfookgklaLdkjkYkk lokZuqers lekt ekU;rk fnYkh tkr vlrs ;kr‘kadk ukgh-

1½ vkrs] ekes ÒkoaMke/khYk fookg2½ thtk lkYkh fookg3½ fofue; fookg ¼lVk] Yk¨Vk fookg i/nr½4½ learh fookg5½ lgiYkk;u fookg6½ vig.k fookg7½ ifj{k.k fookg i/nr8½ gÍkxeu fookgi/nr ¼?kj?kqlh fookg½9½ fVdk fookg ijaijkv’kk Ádkjs vkfnoklh fÒYYk laLÑrhe/;s bloh lu 300

rs 1800 P;k toGikl o uarj ns[khYk fÒYYk laLÑrhr ojhYkueqn fookg Ádkj gs fnlwu ;sr g¨rs- ;krhYk dkgh fookg gs rMohfÒYYk laLÑrhr fnlwu ;srkr- ojhYk fookg Ádkjkckcr foospu[kkYkh ueqn Áek.¨ dsYŸ¨ vkgs-

1½ vkrsekes ÒkaoMkpk fookg % vkfne lektkrÒkok&cfg.khP;k eqYkkeqYkÈuh ,desdka’kh fookg dj.¨ gk ,dvf/kdkjp ekuYkk tkr - Eg.kwup ;k fookgkYkk vf/kd Ák/kkU; fnY¨tkrs- loZlk/kkj.ki.¨ vkrsekes ÒkoaMkaP;k fookgkps] lei{k vkrsekes

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 113 114e¨BÓkk Áek.kkr tjh fnlwu ;sr ulY¨ rjh ns[khYk ek«k rqjGi.¨ ghijaijk vkfnoklh rMoh lektkr fnlwu ;srs-

4½ laerh fookg % vkfnoklh rgoh lektke/;s lnjphlaerh fookg ÁFkk o ijaijk gh e¨BÓkk Áek.kkr fnlwu ;srs- eqY¨ gsfookg lekjaÒ] lk[kjiqMk rlsp laxs&l¨;jkadMs pgki.kh o tso.kkltkrkr- R;k njE;ku ,[kk|k eqYkkl ,[kknh eqYkxh ilan iMrs rlspmioj eqYkk o eqYkhps YkXu ns[khYk ;k njE;ku ilarh njE;kuBjfo.;kr ;srkr- R;kosGh nü ifjokjkaps laxs&l¨;Ú;kaP;ke/;Lrhus gk fookg BjfoYkk tkr¨- ;k fookgkr eqYkxh tjh eqYkkusilan dsYkh vlYkh rjh ;k fookgkr vkbZ ofMYkkpk lgÒkx gke¨BÓkkÁek.kkr vlr¨- rlsp vkfnoklh tekrhr ;qod o ;qorh,d nqLkÚ;kYkk ns[khYk ilan d:u t¨Mhnkjkph fuoM djrkr- ;kr;qokxg] x¨VqYk] p¨jouh] >ïMh] ;krhYk laLdkj o ijaijk ÁF¨pkeq[;sRod:u ÁÒko gk ;qod o ;qorhoj >kY¨ps fnlwu ;srkr ;kÁdkjP;k fookg ijaijsYkk vkfnoklh rMoh lektkr e¨B;k Áek.kkrekU;rk gh feGkYŸkh vkgs-

5½ lgiYkk;u fookg % vkfne tekrhr lnjph ijaijkvkgs- vkiY;k vkbZ&oMhYkkaP;k rlsp ?kjkkrhYk cqtqxZ O;äh ;kapseukfo:/n o lekt fu;ekps loZ ca/kus r¨Mwu ;qod&;qorh ghiGwu tkowu nwj tkowu fookgc/n g¨rkr- ;k i/nrhP;k fookgÁdkjkYkklgiYkk;u fookg vls Eg.krkr- ijarq dkYkkrjkaus dqVqackpk ifjokjkpkjkx o Ø¨/k ‘kkar >kYüarj rlsp ,d nü viR; >kYöj gs t¨Misek;ns’kh ijrkr o ifjokjk’kh >kYŸ;k pqdkcÌYk {kek ekxrkr-‘öVh ifjokj R;kauk dqVqackr lkehYk d:u ?¨r - dqVqackr iquZÁos’kkpklekt ekU; ijaijsuqlkj ek«k d¨.krkgh fo/kh ek«k g¨r ulr¨- v’kkÁdkjs gs t¨Mis iqUgk uO;kus lalkjkl lq:okr djrkr- ‘öVh lekto ifjokj R;k t¨MI;kYkk lkehYk d:u ?¨rkr] vlY;k ÁdkjP;kfookgkYkk lgiYkk;u fookg vls Eg.krkr- vkfnoklh rMoh lektkrlnjph ÁFkk ns[khYk vk<Gwu ;srs-

lkriqM;krhYk tekrhr ns[khYk vkrs&ekes ÒkoMkapk fookg ilardjrkr- ekekP;k eqYkh’kh fookg dj.¨ gh rMoh lektkr ekU;dsY¨ tkrs-

2½ thth lkYkh fookg % vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYklaLÑrhr o lkekftd thouekukr thtk&lkYkh ¼esOg.kkYkk&esOg.kh½fookg Ádkj ns[khYk igk;Ykk feGrkr- vkiY;k thtk’kh vFkkZresOgw.kk cfg.kkbZ’kh lkYkh&esOgw.kh gh fookgc/n g¨r vlrs- rMohlektkr ;k fookgkYkk ekU;rk vkgs- ,[kknh eqYkxh goh vkiY;kl[;k cfg.khP;k eR;quarj frP;k eqYkkckGkapk lkaÒkG o lalkjhdtckcnkjh Lor%oj ?öwu vkiY;k cfg.k¨bZ’kh fookgc/n g¨rs- ;kfookgkYkk ifjokjkrhYk loZ T;s”B eaMGh o lekt ikfBack nsrkr-lnjpk fookg gk rMoh fÒYYk lektkr vR;ar ifo«k o ekuorkoknho cfYknkuh R;kxh fookg Ádkj Eg.kwu letYkk tkr¨- vkiY;k loZlq[kkph LoIukph frYkatYkh nsowu vkiY;k cfg.khP;k eR;quarj rhvkiY;k thtk’kh fookgkl laerh nsrs- vkfnoklh thoukr o,danjrh xzkeh.k lekt thoukr ,d Áfl/n Eg.k vkgs- ek; ej¨fdarq eko’kh tx¨- v’kkÁdkjs thtkP;k thoukr vkuan fuekZ.kd:u R;kaps lalkjkph /kqjk lkaÒkGrs o djrs ;k ÁdkjkYkk thtk lkYkh fookgijaijk vls Eg.krkr-

3½ fofue; fookg ¼lkV&Yk¨V fookg½ % vkfnoklhrMoh fÒYYk tekrhr lnjph fookg ijaijk o ÁFkk ns[khYk igk;YkkfeGrs] nqLkÚ;k ifjokjkrhYk eqYkxh vkiY;k ?kjh ?ksowu ;s.¨ rlspvkiY;k ?kjph eqYkxh R;kp ?kjkr ns.¨ ;k ijaijsYkk o iFŸkk ofookgkYkk lkV &Yk Vk fookg i/nr Çdok fofu;e; fookg i/nrvls Eg.krkr- rMoh lektkr ;k fookg i/nrhYkk ekU;rk vkgs-ifjokjkrhYk lnL; vkiYkh cfg.k nqLkÚ;k ifjokrhYk ojkYkk nsr¨ o ojkphcfg.k fgpk Lohdkj iRuh Eg.kwu djrks v’kk Ádkjs nü ifjokj gs,desdkadMs o/kwph nsok.k ?ök.k djrkr lnjph ijaijk rMoh lektkr

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 115 116Ákeq[;kus lkaLÑfrrfnlwu ;srs- lnjph izFkk ghvkfnoklh rMohtekrhr Ákfpu dkGh fo|eku g¨rh- vkrk ek«k lnjph ÁFkk YkqIr>kYŸkh vkgs- R;kÁek.¨ vkfnoklh vkfne tekrh T;k ÒkjrrÒjfo[kqjYŸ;k g¨R;k rlsp egkjk”Vªkr fnlwu ;srkr R;kr fÒYYk]d¨d:] Mkax] ekoph]dŸke] eYYk rlsp vls vufxfur tekrhrgh ÁFkk Fk¨M;k Qkj Áek.kkr ÁpfYkr g¨rh ;kr ‘kadk ukgh-~

vkfne tekrhps vkiY¨dkgh furhfu;e vlrkr vkiY¨,d osxGsi.k rlsp lklaLÑfrd pYkuoYku vlrkr- lnjpkfookg Ádkj gk rMoh tekrhr tjh fnlwu ;sr ulYkk rjhek«kdkgh- ifjljkr mnk- lkriqMk] lkrekGk] xqtjkr] jkT;LFkku oÒkjrkrhYk dkgh Òkxkr vkfnoklh tekrhr lnjph ijaijk vkgs-ijarq rh xqIr Lo:ikr vlwu ekU;kr gh xqIr vlYkh rjh dl¨Vhlik«k ojkYkk bPNhr o/kwl¨cr fookgc/n dj.¨ph eqÒk vkgs- ;kvkfne tekrhrhYk dkgh tekrhák dkGkP;k vkM u”V rlspR;kaps vfLrRo gs u”V >kYŸ¨ vkgs- rlsp vkrk lnjP;k ijaijk gÓkkgGqgGq YkÏk ikor pkYkYŸkh vkgsr ;kr ‘kadk ukgh-

8½ gÍkxeu ¼?kj?kqlh½ fookg % lnjpk fookg Ádkj gkvkfnoklh tekrhe/;s Ákeq[;kus Ápfyr vkgs- vkfnoklh rMohtekrhe/;s rlsp loZp vkfne tekrhr fnlrëk«k ;kYkk dkghtekrh gs viokn ns[khYk vkgsr- ;k fookg Ádkjkr óh;kauk tïq:”k ;¨X; o vkoMsYk v’kk iq:”kkP;k ?kjkr ifjokjkr gÍkus Áos’kdjrkr o R;k iq:”kka’kh fookgc/n g¨rkr- ;kr óh;k gs ts bPNhroj gos rs R;k ÁkIr djrkr- o Lo[kq’khus Lor%ps dqVqackpk olektkpk foj /k vlwu ns[khYk bPNhr ojk cj¨cj fookg dj.¨pk vkxzg/kjrkr frYkk ?kjkckgsj tjh dk<Y¨ rjh rh tkr ulrs o gÍkus vkiY¨/;s; vFkkZr vkiY;k vkoMR;k ojk’kh fookg d:u R;kps l¨crlalkjkl vkjaÒ djrkr- ;k fookg ÁdkjkYkk gÍkxeu fookg rlsp

6½ vigj.k fookg % vkfnoklh vkfne tekrhr lnjphijaijk e¨B;k Áek.kkr fnlwu ;srs- dkgh vkfnoklh tekrhr v|kighlnjps fookg Ádkj gs fnlwu ;srkr- o/kw fgP;k laerh f’kok; ojkuso/kwYkk iGowu ?ksowu tkowu frps’kh fookg djrkr- v’kk Ádkjpsfookg gs fof’k”V dkGkr o le;h g¨r vlrkr- vkfnoklhtekrhrhYk lkaLÑrhd dk;ZØek njE;ku rlsp brj osGh oj gko/kqYkk ilan d:u frYkk ?öwu iYkk;u djrkr- R;kaps ‘k¨/kkFkZifjokjkrhYk lnL; gs fu?krkr- ;k fookgkYkk o/kqi{kkps dMhYkYk dkapk dqVqackpk foj¨/k vlr¨- R;keqGs o/kweqY; ns.;kps d¨.krsghdkjkj ek«k mrjr ukgh- v’kk iÌrhps fookgkYkk lkekftd Lrjkrvarj ;sr vlrs- vkfnoklh rMoh tekrhr vls vigj.k fookgÁdkj g¨rkr- Áek.k vR;Yi vkgs- gk fookg fo/kh lekt ekU; i/nrhus g¨r ulr - R;keqGs lektkrhYk Yk d ojkYkk fcug;n;k oo/kwYkk fcug;nh vFkkZr gGn YkkxYŸkk YkkxYŸkh ukgh vls nq’eu]Vëus] ekjrkr- rMoh fÒYYk tekrhr lnjpk Ádkj gk cgqrka’khvk<Gr ukgh- ek«k dkgh dkgh fBdk.kh fdaok Òkxkr vls Ádkj g¨rkr-

7½ ifj{k.k ¼dl©Vh½ fookg % lnjph lkaLÑfrdijaijk gh vkfnoklh tekrh o vkfne tekrhr e¨BÓ Áek.kkrÁkfpu dkGh veaYkkr ;sr g¨rh- ÒkjrkrhYk o egkjk”VªkrhYk vkfnoklhvkfne tekrhr lnjph dl©Vh fookg rFkk ifj{k.k vFkkZr ifj{kkfookg gs ÁpfYkr g¨rh- vkfne tekrhps dkgh fu;e o lkekftdlkaLÑfrd dl©V;k vlrkr ;k ifj{¨r tj oj gk [kjk mrjYkk fdaokikl >kY;kl rj R;kYkk R;kpk vkoMR;k ;qorh l¨cr fookgkl lektekU;r g¨rh- ;k Ádkjps fookgkr ‘kkfjjhd /©;Z] ‘kwjrk] rlsp R;kojkrhYk fpdkVh] vkRefo’okl bR;knhps ifj{k.k lokZle{k dsY¨ tkrvlrs- rlsp o/kqpsgh frP;k vaxh vlYŸ;k fofo/k xq.kkaps eqY;kdau gsdsY¨ tkr vlrs- lnjph ijaijk gh vkfnoklh o vkfne tekrhr

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 117 118vkYŸ;k vVh ojkl f«kokj ¼rhunk½ onowu oj i{kkl ekU; >kY;klfudss[kkuh fudk ¼YkXu&VkGh½ >kY;kps tkghj g¨rs- v’kk ÁdkjsYkXu >kY;kps ?k¨f”kr dj.;kr ;srs rn~uarjdk>h ¼iqj¨fgrkl ½f’kjLR;kÁek.¨ usd ¼fcnkxh½ ns.;kr;srs- eq[; vV esgsj ph vlrs-gk esgsjiapohl :i;kaiklwu rs ,sirhÁek.¨ ok<fo.kkjs ok<forkr- ghjôe rYkkd ¼?kVLQ¨V½ osGh ojkus o/kql |ko;kph vlrs- vYkhdMsek«k esgsjph jôe YkXukP;kosGh vnk dj.;kr ;srs-vkfnoklhrMoh fÒYYkkaph fookgkrhYk o/kqeqY; ns.;kckcrphlkekftd /kkj.kk %

lkriqM;krhYk rMoh fÒYYkkaph o/kqYkk ekx.kh ?kkYkrkaukt¨lkaLÑfrdijaijk o R;kekxphÁeq[k /kkj.kk Eg.kts o/kq P;k bPNkÁek.¨frYkk ns.;kr ;s.kkjs o/kweqY; g¨;- o/kqeqY;kph dkj.k feeklk ;s.¨ Áek.¨ vkgsr-1½ rMoh fÒYYkkae/;s fganq laLÑrhÁek.¨ fookg djrkukdU;knkukphijaijk rlsp gqaMk ijijk ukgh-2½ vkfnoklh tekrhr rlsp rMoh fÒYYkkae/;s fookg ijaijk gk,d lkekftd djkj vkgs r¨ ukxjh laLÑrh Áek.¨ /kkfeZd fo/khfdaok laLdkj eku.;kr;sr ukgh-

3½ ukxjh laLÑrhr fookg gk nü O;äh] larrhÁkIrh]oa’kok<] jrh lq[k] b- x¨”Vh o fopkj vfÒÁsr vkgs- ijarq vkfnoklho rMoh fÒYYkkae/;s r¨ ,d lkekftd djkj vkgs- ,dk dqGkpsnqLkÚ;k dqGk’kh ukrs tqG.¨ ] osxGk Lora«k ifjokj] [kkunku]dqYknsor] dqYk[kkunkuk’kh] xkaok’kh lac/k t¨M.;kr ;sr¨- o r¨,d lkekftd laLdkj eku.;kr ;sr¨- lkekftd e©f[kd vfYkf[krvkfne fufrfu;e fookg ikYkuk laca/kh vlrkr- R;kps ikYkulähus dj.;kr ;srs-

4½ vkfnoklhe/;s rMoh fÒYYkkae/;s o/kqeqY; ns.¨ Eg.ktso/kqph fdaer ns.¨ uOgs rj R;k dqGkrhYk óhRokYkk dqYknSorsYkkokfgYŸ¨ J/nkeqY; ns.¨ vFkkZr dqYknku ns.¨ g¨;- ;k lkaLÑfrdijaijsuqlkj eqYkkps dqYk o ekx.kh ?kkrYŸ;k dqYkkps vuU; lk/kkj.k

?kj?kqlh fookg vls Eg.krkr- ,[kknh dqok¡jh óh ns[khYk vfookghrfdaok fookfgr iq:”kkps ?kj ?kqlrs gk Ádkj ‘kgjh xzkeh.k thoukrÁpfYkr vkgs-

9½ fVdk fookg ijaijk % ifgY;k fno’kh eqYkkYkk gGnYkkorkr- nqlÚ;k fno’kh eqYkhYkk gGn Ykkorkr- uojnsokdMwuuojh dj.;kiqoÊ R;kp fno’kh ¼ifgY;k fno’kh½ lqokfluhdMwuxOgkph ful.kh dsYkh tkrs- frYkk xgq l¨;uh Eg.krkr-

vkack] tkaÒqG o fiaij ;kaP;k Qka|kauh o ikukauh ekaMo?kkrYkk tkr¨- eqYkkpk ¼uoj nsokpk½ ekaMo uÅ osYkhpk ¼[kkackpk½ ofrljk fno’kh lw; Zn;kiqoÊp Eg.ktsp ekxP;k igkVsl o/kqP;k xkohi¨g¨pko;kps vlrs- R;klkBh vk/kh ;sÅu gh eaMGh gkGk ¼foghjh½toG rG B¨drkr- rsFkwu tku¨l ¼tuokl½ ?kjhR;kauk ?¨Åu tkrkr-R;kuarj o/kqP;k ekaMokr uojnsoYkk vk.kkrkr- ekaMonkjh lqokfluhR;kYkk fnok vkokGrkr- rkVkr u YkkoYŸkk fnok vlr¨- ¼vYkhdMsek«k gh ÁFkk cjkp Áek.kkr Yk Ik ikoYŸkh vkgs-½ uarj uojnso ?kjkrtkr¨- rsF¨ o/kqojkYkk lso;k dj.;kP;k ikVkoj fÒarhdMs r aM d:uclowu xkB t¨Mk cka/krkr o vökGrkr- ik;k[kkYkh Tokjh iljYŸkhvlrs vkf.k ikVkoj dGl BsoYŸkk vlr - fÒarhoj rhu dqadokP;ko pkj gGnhP;k js?k¨VÓkk c¨Vkauh dk<YŸ;k vlrkr- R;kauk nsokYkYkkEg.krkr R;kauk vökGrkr- ;k fo/khYkk fVdk vls Eg.krkr- ¼fgÁFkk ukxjh oLrhrqu cjkp va’kh Ykï ikor vlYkh rjh xzkeh.kÒkxkr ek«k ljkZl lq: vkgs-½

fVdk YkkxY;kuarj uojnso eatYk’khr ekaMokr ;sÅu clr¨-rsF¨ fu[;kph¼YkXukph½ r;kj g¨r vkYŸkh vlrs- R;kosGh dk>hvkiY;k u anoghr uojnso o uojh ;kaph ukos oiÙ¨ fYkfgrkr- rlspekaMokr eqØj dsYŸkh ¼BjoYŸkh½ ek.kls odhYk ¼ekfgrhxkj½ xokg¼lk{khnkj½ ;srkr- oghr ;kaph u an dsYkh tkrs- o/kqdMwu ?kkYk.;kr


Ádj.k &5

rMohph ckjdjh lekt iapk;r% ,d ‘k¨/k

Lo:i[kkns’kkr ckjdjh gh vkfnoklh rMoh tekrhph lektekU;

ikjaikfjd U;k;O;oLFkk g¨rh- lk/kkj.ki.¨ ckjk rs ia/kjk xkokapk ,dxV v’kh foÒkx.kh d:u ;k xkaokP;k lqO;oLF¨ph tckcnkjhvl.kkÚ;k iapeaMGkl ckjdjh vls EgVY¨ tkbZ-;k ckjdjh eaMGkP;kÁeq[kkph fuoM fÒYYk jktkadMwu dsYkh tkbZ- d©Vqafcd]lkekftd]vkfFkZd rdzkjh fuokj.k ckjdjh eaMGkdMwu dsYkh tkbZ-vktP;kU;k;O;oLF¨ brdh l{ke ulYkh rjh dMd dk;ns vkf.k R;kdk;|kaP;k ikYkukph vkfnoklÈph uSfrdrk mPp {kersph vlY;keqGsvktP;k vjktdrsdMs >siko.kkÚ;k lektkYkk vkf.k U;k;O;LFŸkkghfn’kkn’kZu dj.;kph {kerk ;k ckjdjh lektijaijsr vlY;kpsvki.kkal fnlrs-

lkriqM;kr vusd vkfnoklh tekrh okLrO;kl vkgsr-R;kr fÒYYk] rMoh] ikojh ;k tekrhpk lekos’k g¨r - ;k vkfnekaph,d oSf’k”Viq.kZ lekt ijaijk fnlwu ;srs- ,d ÁkfpuYk<o¸;h tekrEg.kwu rMoh ;k tekrhpk mYY¨[k bfrgklkr vkgs-rMoh gs eqGr%fÒYYkkps oa’kt vkgsr- rMohcÌYk vH;kldkauk Fk¨MsQkj ekfgrh

lkekftd laca/k ÁLFkkfir g¨r vlrs- dqYknku gs R;k óhps dqYknsorsYkkÁFke fnYŸ¨ eku vlr- Eg.kwup vkfne tekrhr ;k laLdkjkYkk ,dlkLÑfrd J/nk o vkLFkk vkgs-

5½ vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk gk ,d vkfne lkekftd leqgvkgs- rMoh fÒYYk o R;kps mi’kk[kk leqg vkgs- rMoh fÒYYk o R;kapsmi’kk[kk fuj<s rMoh o ugkYk rMoh ;kapsrhYk fookg laca/khps vfYkf[krfurhfu;e vkgsr- rMoh fÒYYk gs Lor(Ykk uj<s] ugkYk is{kk Js”Bletrkr- R;ke/;s R;kaps fookg lac/k ?r ukghr- ijarq vkrk rs göwYkkxYŸ¨ vkg s- rMoh fÒYYkk ae/;sdqYkkpkjkÁek.¨ fookg g¨rkr- ,dk dqGkYkk fo:/n dqGkrhYk óh ghl¨;fjd lac/kkdjrk vlko;kl ikfgts- dqYknku ns.¨ Eg.kts fo:/ndqGkrhYk o/kw ikfgts- dqYknku ns.¨ Eg.kts fo:/n dqGkrhYk dqYknsorsYkkeqYkkdMhYk dqYknsorsdMwu o lkekftd ifjokjkdMwu fnYŸkk eku vlr-

6½ rMoh fÒYYkkr dqGkpkj vkgsr- ÁR;sd dqGkph osxGhdqYknsor vkgs-,d dqG gs nqLkÚ;k dqGkis{kk fÒé vkgsr- mnk- osxGsdqYknsor] osxGk [kkunku] osxGk ifjokj] iqoZt bR;knh laiw.kZ rMohfÒYYk lekt gk ,dp lkekftd leqg vkgs- ijarq fookg laLF¨psfufrfu;e ikMrkauk rs osxGs o oSf’k”Vsiq.kZ ijaijk] fjfrfjoktkÁek. ] :<hÁek.¨ fnlrkr-;qorhYkkfrps etÊÁek.¨ o/kqeY; ns.¨r ;srs vFkkZr esgj]bLYkkeh fjoktk Áek.¨ Eg.krk ;sbZYk- xkaodhuqlkj ÁR;sd xkokpk Bjkfodo/kweqY; vlrs rsps ;qorhYkk lkaxkos Ykkxrs-

7½ zv’kkÁdkjs vkfnoklh tekrhr ekrlÙkkd óhÁ/kku laLÑrhvlY;kus frpk ;Fk fpr eku] lUeku jk[k.¨dkeh vkfnoklhps lkaLÑfrdijaijk vkgsr- óhYkk fookgklkBh ekx.kh ?kkrrkauk frpk vf/kdkj gô]eku] lUekuFkZ frYkk J/nkeqY; vFkkZr frP;k dqYknsorsYkk fnYŸ¨ ekuEg.ktsp dqYknku ns.¨ g¨;- Eg.kwu dkgh la’k /kd ts Eg.krkr dh o/kqeqY; Eg.kts o/kqYkk fdaer ns.¨ g¨;- gs fo/kku lkQ pqdhps o [k Vs vkgs-o/kqeqY; gs R;k óhps J/nkeqY; o dqYknku eqY; g¨;- ts frP;kdqYknsorsps ÁfrdkRed Lo:ikr fnYŸ¨ vlrs-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 121 122‘¨dM¨ o”kkZiqoÊp lq: d:u lekt O;oLFkk fud Ik o lcGdj.;kpk Á;Ru dsYŸkk fnlr¨- U;k;oÙkhus] M¨Gl cq/nhus ldkjkRedn”Vhdksu Bsowu vkiY;k lektkr raVkeqähps lekt/k¨j.k vxnhvkfne dkGkiklwu jkcoY¨ tkr g¨rs- lnjph gh Ákfpu ijaijklektkr ckjdjh ijaijk Eg.kwu vkfne&rMoh fÒYYklektkrÁpfYkrg¨rh- frps egRo vktP;k 21 O;k ‘krdkr nsdhYkiqoÊlkj[¨p vkgs-dkj.k feekalk %

1½b-l- iw-4000 o” Z ik”kk.k ;qxkiklwu fÒYYkkaps mYY¨[kvk<Grkr-;kp fÒYYk laLÑrhrqu mitquiq<s Lora«kvfLrRo fuekZ.kdjr] rMoh gk fÒYYk ljnkjkpk xV] leqgfdaok dfcYkk gk Lora«kgöwu osxGh lkaLÑfrd v¨G[k rMoÈuh fuekZ.k dsYkh ek«k R;kauheqGfÒYYk laLÑrhps laLdkj] :<h] ijaijk] pkYkhfjrÈpkR;kxdsYŸkkukgh-vkiY;k lektkpkthou O;ogkj o lektfjr vkiY;k tursusO;ofLFkr ikGkoh Eg.kwu rMoh jkts o orunkj ;kauh loZ ÁFkeckjdjh ijaijsph lq:okrdsYkh-

2½ rMoh jkts orunkj ;kauh lektke/;s lxGÓakkuk ;¨X;r¨ U;k; feGkok] U;k;nkukph ÁfØ;k O;ofLFkr pkYkkoh] d¨.kkojghvR;kpkj] nqjkpkj g¨.kkj ukgh ;kph fo’¨”k dkGth ?¨rYŸkh fnlrs-fo’¨”k d:u efgYkkauk ;¨X; U;k; ns.;kr ;kok o frYkk dkghÁek.kkr eku o Lora«; feGkos ;k gsrqus fu;e djowu R;kphO;ofLFkr veaYkctko.kh djrk ;koh ;klkBh ckjdjh ijaijk LFkkfir >kYkh-

3½ rMoh lektke/khYk raVs] c[¨Ms] l¨Mfo.¨ gDdkaphik;eYYkh g¨.kkjukgh ;kdjhrk dkGth ?¨.¨ rlsp lok±uk lekuU;k;;k rRokadjrk ckjdjh iapeaMG fu.kZ; ?öwu ;¨X; r¨ U;k;nkukpkfu.kZ; ?¨r vls- R;kps ikYku gs tursusdsY¨p ikghts v’kh lähckjdjh ijaijsrvls-

4½ ?kVLQ¨V] Qkjdr]irh iRuhps ÒkaM.k] lektkrhYk YkdkaP;k,desdkafo:/nP;k rØkjh ;kaps fuokj.k dj.kkjh lekt iapk;r Eg.ktsp

vkgs- dkgh lkekftd :<h] ijaijk] pkfYkfjrh o lkaLÑfrd oSf’k”;iq.kZi/nrhus rs dls txrkr ;k ckcrhr vtqugh Yk¨d laÒzekr fnlrkr-rMohcÌYk la’k¨/ku gs vR;ar ekQd Lo:ikr miYkC/k vkgs-ek= vkrk R;kl xrh ns.;kp dke uO;k vH;kldkauh djk;Ykkgos- rMoÈP;k vusd Ákfpu lH;rkiq.kZ pkYkhfjrh o Ákfpu ijaijkg;k dkGkp;k iMn;kvkM xsY;k vkgsr- R;k YkqIr >kYŸ;kvkgsr- funku vkrk rjh R;kaphekfgrhgh ladYkhr d:u rlspfYkfic/n d:u ‘kklukl miYkC/k d:u fnY;kl gs ,d vkfnekacÌYkQkje¨Bs e©fYkd dke g¨bZYk ;kr ‘kadk ukgh-

vkfnoklh Yk¨dijaijk]Yk¨der ;kx¨”Vh lektkP;kU;k;nkukpk vk/kkj vkgs- R;k ÒkxkrhYk uSlfxZd lk/kulkeqxzhpk rsvkiY;k thoukr mi;¨x djrkr- vkfnoklh T;k Òw&Òkxkr jkgrkrR;k Òw ÒkxkcÌYk R;kaP;k eukr vrho vkReh;rk vlrs- ;keqGsR;kP;k la?k Òkouk fnlwu ;srs- ;k la?k Òkousr tj la?k”kZ dj.kkjhfLFkrhdkgh euq”; LoÒkokus fuekZ.k >kYkh rj R;koj fu;a«k.k Bso.;kdjhrk vkfnekauh fu;eu rFkk fu;a«k.k laLFkk fuekZ.k dsYkh- vkfnoklhe/;s tkriapk;r gh loZekU; rFkk lkoZÒ©e lÙkk Eg.kwu v¨G[kYkhtkrs- R;k tkriapk;rhe/;s ?¨rYŸ¨ loZ fu.kZ; gs ca/kudkjd vlrkr-;k fu.kZ;koj vkfnoklÈph n< J/nk vlrs-gh iapk;r vkfnoklhphikjaikjhd O;ogkj rFkk lektkrhYk pYkukoj fu;a«k.k Bso.kkjh lektO;oLFkk vlwu rh Ákfpu dkGkiklwu ih<h nj ih<h pkYkr vkYŸkhvkgs vls fo}kukaps er vkgs- v’khp ,d tkriapk;r vkn’kZO;oLFkk ckjdjhijaijk Eg.kwu Ákfpu dkGkiklwu vkfnoklh rMohfÒYYk lektkr g¨rh-

vkt 21 O;k ‘krdkr Òkjr ljdkjdMwu raVkeqähP;k/k¨j.kkRed;¨tuk jkcfoY;k tkr vkgsr- lnjph gh raVkeqähps/k j.kkRed ;¨tuk gh lkriqMÓkkr vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk tekrhus

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 123 124xzkeiapk;r o lektiapk;r LFkkiu >kY;keqGs gh Ákfpu ckjdjhijaijk toGtoG laiY;kxr vkgs-fu”d”kZ %

1½ ÁR;sd vkfnoklh tekrh e/;s ,d tkriapk;r vlrs-R;kph enr ?¨Åu vkfnoklh vkiY;k Ykgku e¨Bs >xMs] raVs xqUgkleL;k ;kaps ckcr U;k; feG.¨ djrk iapk;rhr tkrkr- vkfnoklhvkiY;k tkr iapk;rhoj iq.kZ fo’okl o J/nk vlrs-

2½ ijaijsuqlkj :<h] fu;e] fo/kh rFkk lektkus fuf’prdsYŸ¨ vfYkf[kr dk;ns] ;kaps ikYku gs Yk¨d djrkr- ;kph loZ[kcjnkjhgh lekt iapk;r tkr iapk;r ?¨r vls-

3½ vktP;k 21 O;k ‘krdkr lektkr Òz”Vkpkj] LokFkÊoÙkhvuSfrdrk gs nqxqZ.k fnlrkr ijarq ;k vkfnoklh tekrhr gs nqxZ.kfnlwu ;sr ukghr- R;keqGs M axj igkM iÍhr jkg.kkjs vKku of’k{k.kkiklwu nwj jkgqugh rs lQYkrkiqoZd thou txrki ;k loZx ”Vhpk fopkj dsYkk rj vktP;k lqf’kf{kr lekt o lqlaLÑr vkgsdh vkfnoklh lqlaLÑr vkgsr- ;kpk fopkj var%eq[kZ göwu dj.;kphikGh vktP;k lH; ekuo lektkoj vkYkh vkgs-

4½ vkfnoklh thoulj.khr cYkkRdkj] óhÒqz.k gR;k]O;fÒpkj] vgadkj] vlekurkoknh oÙkh] cqtqxZ o efgYkkapk vuknkjg¨bZYk vls ÑR;] voekU;rk] ;k x ”Vh vk<Gwu ;sr ukghr-,danjhr ckjdjh ijaijslkj[kh e©fYkd lekt O;oLF¨ps egRo vktP;k21 O;k ‘krdkr gh Qkj e¨B;k Áek.kkr tk.kors ;kr ‘kadk ukgh-

ckjdjh ijaijk g¨;- ;k ckjdjh ijaijsrwu xkokrhYk raVkeqähps /k¨j.kjkcfoY¨ tkr vls-

5½ ckjdjh gk ckjk xkaokpk U;k;fuoMk dj.kkjk Áeq[kU;k;kf/k’k vls] lekt Áeq[k ljiap vls- ckjdjhph fuoM rMohjkts] orunkj ;kapsdMwu dsYkh tkbZ- R;kus fnYŸkk fu.kZ; gkf’kj¨/kk;Z eku.;kr ;sbZ o R;kps ikYku loZ rMoh vkfnoklhtursYkk djkos Ykkxr vls-

6½ ckjdjhP;k mnjfuokZgklkBh] R;kauh dsYŸ;k U;k;nkukP;klektlsoscÌYk 12 xkokrhYk vkfnoklh Yk¨d /kkU;]Ik’kq] i{kh /ku]rlsp ckjdjh iapeaMGkph ‘¨rh lkekftd Jenkukus dlqu ns.¨]ukax:u ns.¨ vkfn Lo:ikrckjdjhYkk e¨cnYkk feGr vls-

7½ rMoh lekt gk lkriqM;kP;k ik;R;k’kh ¼pïMk];koYk o jkosj½ eq[;r% oLrhl vkgs- pïM;kiklwu rs vfljxMikosr¨ lkriqM;kP;k ifjljkrhYk rMoh oLrh vlYŸ;k xkokphuÅ foÒkxkr okV.kh >kYkh vkgs- v’kh lqekjs 150 P;k vkliklxkaos vkgsr-,dk xVkYkk ckÚgs gh fof’k”V laKkvkgs- v’kh uÅckÚgsvkgsr- ckÚgsP;k Áeq[kkl ckjdjh Eg.kwu lac¨/k.;kr ;sbZ- ckÚgkps,d Bjkfod eq[; xkao vls R;kP;k rkC;kr 12 rs15 xkaos vlr-

8½ [kkans’kkr Ákfpu dkGh dkgh fBdk.kh vR;ar Áfr”Bhrvls U;k;kYk; vFkkZr ckjdjh lkekftd]iapk;r eaMG g¨rs- mnk-

1½ vkÒ¨Mk] rk-jkosj ft-tGxko] 2½ vkMxko dlkj[¨Mkrk-;koYk ft-tGxko 3½ vMkon rk-pïMk ft-tGxkolokZr ekukps ckÚgs gs ;koYk rkYkqD;krhYk vkMxko ;sFkhYk ekuY¨tkbZ- R;kYkk e¨Bk ckjdjh Eg.kr-

9½ lnjph gh Ákfpu ijaijk dkGkP;k iM|kvkM xsYŸkhvkgs-YkqIr >kYŸkh vkgs- ijarq vkrk ikM;kikM;krwu o xkokaxkaokrqu

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 125 126vkfnoklh Òk”kk txY;k ikfgtsr]R;k fVdY;k ikfgtsr]

fYkfic/n >kY;k ikfgtsr eqfærh >kY;k ikfgtsrs Òkjrkpk fopkjdsYkk rj ;sF¨ ol.kkÚ;k vkfnoklh mnk- rMoh] fÒYYk] ikojk]dŸke] laFkkYk] eqaMk] g¨] catkjk] bR;knh tekrhps vfLrRo gs vkt/k D;kP;k oG.kkoj vkgsr- vaneku fudkscj ;sFkhy c¨- tekrhph,d efgyk thoar g¨rh- ijarq lu2010 e/;s frP;k eR;q >kY;keqGslnjph f}Òkf”kd Yk dlaLÑrh dk;eph eqd vFkkZr YkqIr >kYkhvkgs-

xqIr cŸkh Òk”kk o lkadsfrd cŸkhÒk”kk gk fo”k;la’k¨/kdkauk o vH;kldkauk uohu ukgh- ek«k nqnsZO; Eg.kkos YkkxsYkdh ;kckcrhr l[kŸki.¨ Òkjrkr rlsp egkjk”Vªkr la’k /ku >kYŸükgh- Lokra«; vx¨njP;k dkGkr baxztkauh gk fo”k; cjkiSdhFk MkQkj Áek.kkr gkrkGYkk vkgs- dkj.k R;kdkGh T;k Yk dkadMwuR;kauk fÒrh g¨rh rlsp T;k vkfnoklh tekrh T;kauk R;kauhxqUgsxkjh tekrh Eg.kwu ?k¨”khr dsYŸ;k g¨R;k] R;k vkfnoklhtekrh baxztkauk tsjhl vk.krkauk rlsp R;kps jkT;dkjÒkjkr vMFkGkfuekZ.k dj.;k djhrk ;kxqIr Òk”kk o lkadsfrd cŸkh Òk”kkapkmi;¨x rs djr vlr- ;k o brj vusd dkj.kkLro baxztkauhÒkjrkrhYk vkfnoklh tekrhP;k xqIr o lkadsfrd cŸkh Òk”kkckcr la’k¨/ku vH;kl dj.;koj ‘kkldh; njckjkrhYk O;äÈukÁ¨R;kgu ns.;kl lq:okr dsYkh- v’kkÁdkjs ;k fo”k;kal pkYkuk]feGwu gk fo”k; loZÁFke Òkjrkr gkrkGYkk tkow YkkxYkk-

vkfnoklh fÒYYk laLÑrhr lnjph xqIr Òk”kk ÁpfYkr g¨rh-bfrgkl cf?krYkk rj N«kirh f’kokth egkjktkP;k dkGkr xqIrlans’kogukps vknkuÁnku dj.;kps dke gs xqIr lans’kokgd Eg.kwu rlspgsjfxjh dj.;kr fu”.kkar vlYŸ¨ nü ukaos le¨j ;srkr- ,df’kokth egkjktkP;k dkGkrhYk cfgtÊ ukbZd rlsp e¨xYkdkGkrhYkjf’kn [kku gs gjfxjhdj.kkjs fu”.kkar vls ukaos R;kdkGh lqÁfl/n g¨rh-

Ádj.k -6

ÒkjrkrhYk o lkriqM;krhYk xqIr Òk”kk olkadsfrd Òk”¨ph ijaijk o Lo:i

,d ‘k¨/k % vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkaph xqIrÒk”kk taxYkh ,d ‘k¨/kLo:Ik % vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkaph xqIrÒk”kk taxYkh ;k Òk”¨pkvH;kl o vk<kok ?¨rkauk vki.k vx¨nj lkriqMÓkkrhYk o ,danjÒkjrkrhYk xqIrÒk”kk] lkadsfrd Òk”¨pk vk<kok ?öw ;k] o Òk”¨pkmgki¨g d: ;k-

Tkxkr 2786 cŸkhÒk”kk vlwu Òkjrkr284 Òk”kk o1652 cŸkh vkgsr- vkfÝdu [kaMkr 500 P;koj vkfnoklhÒk”kk ;k cŸ;k tkrkr- ijarq njo”kÊ vkfnoklhP;k dkgh f}Òkf”kdijaijk yqIr gksr vkgsr R;kaph ;k ifjfLFkrhYkk vktph lektO;oLFkk tckcnkj vkgs rlsp vkfFkZd o jktdh; ifjfLFkrh oÁR;sd lektkrhYk ika<jis’kh lekt gk dkgh Áek.kkr n¨”kh vkgs-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 127 1281½ e¨gt¨n¨Mk lH;rk2½ [ktqjkg¨ dkYkhu lH;rk3½ vftaBk os:G dkYkhu lH;rk4½ ek;k lH;rk5½ bftIrf’k;hu fijWfeM eeh6½ vjsfc;u laLÑrh lH;rk7½ ckgqcYkhdkYkhu laLÑrh lH;rk8½ c©/ndkYkhu lH;rk;k lH;rkapk fpfdRldi.¨ la’k¨/ku o vH;kl la’k¨/kd

djhr vkgsr o ;krwu laLÑrhps ‘kks/k ?ksr vkgs- o R;krqu vktP;k21 O;k ‘krdkrhYk ekuokpk Áxrhpk vkY¨[kkpk ‘k¨/k] rif’kYk]ekfgrh rkilwu ekuofufeZrhphÁfØ;k o i`Fohoj thoufufeZrhphÁfØ;k] laLÑrh lq: g¨.;kph ÁfØ;k o iFohj thoudls lq: >kY¨ ekuokps iqoZt d¨.k czEgkaMkr ltho l”Vh vkgsdk; ;kpk ‘k /k ?¨rYkk tkr vkgs- ;k djrk ekuo oa’k la’k¨/kd ovH;kld gs ;k lH;rkapk vH;kl d:u ‘k¨/k ?¨r vkgs-

Fk j [kxŸk la’k¨/kd xWfYkfYkv¨ ;kl iÏk o lÙkkf/k’kkauhNG d:u Bkj ekjYöj xWfYkfYkv¨ps ledkYkhu o uarjps la’k¨/kdvkiY¨ ‘k /k o dk;Z gs xïfu; Bsow YkkxYksr- vkiY¨ ‘k /k rs xqIro lkadsfrd Òk”¨rfYkgwu tru d: YkkxY¨r- ;kps mnkgj.k Eg.kwufYkv¨ ukM Z&n&foaph;kaps ukao ?;kos YkkxsYk- ;k la’k¨/kd fp«kdkjkusvkiY¨ la’k¨/ku o fp«kkRed lans’kkr fp«kdkjkus vFkkZr xqIr lkadsfrdÒk”¨r fYkgqu rhr¨ tru d: YkkxYkk- rlsp Òfo”;kr lnjpsla’k¨/ku o fp«¨ o R;krhYk xq< Y¨[ku lans’k uarjP;k fi<hYkk mdYkdjrk ;sow ‘kdsYk ;kckcr dkgh i/nr o c©/nhd lans’k d¨MÒk”kk R;kauh fYkgwu o tru dsYkh R;kps ledkYkhu la’k¨/ku;kauh ;k xqIr o lkadsfrd Òk”Ÿkk fejj Yk¡Xost Eg.kwu iq<s

lans’k xqIr o lkadsfrd Òk”¨r f’kojk;kadMs i¨gpfor vlrrlsp rs N«kirh f’kojk;kaP;k ,[kk|k xqIr lan’k gk xqIr Òk”¨rfYkgwu r¨ bPNhr LFkGh o gO;k R;k O;äh Ik;±r i¨gpfor vlrrls mnkgj.k gs e¨xYk dkGkrhYk gsj jf’kn [kku ;kapscÌYk lkaxrk;sbZYk- rlsp xq: jkenkl Lokeh gs vkiY;k vHkaxkrqu o in;krwulans’k lwfpr djr vlr o i¨gpfor vlr-

xqIr cŸkhpk R;kp Áek.¨ lkadsfrd Òk”kkaps d¨MsmdYk.;kdjrk vusd t.k Á;Ru djrkr- Ákfpu dkGh dkghrkei«kkrhYk lans’k] gLrfYkf[kr xq<fYkih] f’kYiÒk”kk fp«kÒk”kk]fofo/k eqækO;oLF¨rhYk vkÑR;k] eqrÊ] R;kpÁek.¨ fofo/k ÁdkjsfYkfgYŸ;k fYkfirhYk f’kYkkys[k] fdYY¨] fdYY;krhYk [kftuk] xqIrnjokjs rs m?kM.kkjs jgL;e; fofo/k ra«k o R;kaP;k fofo/k pkC;k oudk’¨ udk’kkojhYk fBdk.k] jLrs] eqæk] bR;knh vusd jgL;e;nqfu;kojpk iMnk dsoG vkf.k dsoG xqIr o lkadsfrd Òk”¨P;kKku KkukeqGs laÒo g¨r vls o vkt ns[khYk g¨rkauk fnlr¨ vkgs-

ÒkjrkrhYk Ákfpu laLÑrhr lH;rsr rlsp txkrhYk lH;rsrlaLÑfrpk fopkj djrk xqIr lkadsfrd Òk”Önkjs ,[kknk xqIr lans’kogudsY¨ tk.¨ph ijaijk fo|eku g¨rh] vkiYkh lH;rk o laLÑrhÒfo”; dkGkrgh dk;e fujarjfVdkoh Eg.kwu dkgh xqIr lÁnk;kauho laLÑrhus lH;rsus rh xqIri.¨ tru d:u BsoYkh ;kYkk vkfnoklhtekrh ns[khYk viokn ukghr- fÒYYk o rMoh ;kauh ns[khYk xqIrÒk”¨pk mi;¨x laLÑrh truklkBh dsYŸkh vkgs-

ÒkjrkrhYk vkfnoklh tekrh o txkrhYk dkghlaLÑrhus ;k xqIrÒk”kk xqIri.¨ tru dsYkh ;kpk vH;kl gk vkrkdsYkk tkr vkgs- ;s.¨ Áek.¨ dkgh lH;rsps mnkgj.k nsrk ;srhYk]T;kauh lkadsfrd xqIr lans’kokgukph ijaijk lH;rk fVdkoh Eg.kwuÁ;Ru dsYksYkk vkgs-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 129 130ÒkjrkrhYk vkfnoklh ekxkloxÊ;kph f}Òkf”kd Yk dlaLÑrh

fo|eku vkgs- ;s.¨ Áek.¨ ;k tekrhrhYk xqIr o lkadsfrd Òk”kk oR;kaP;k ekrÒk”kk ;k ÁpfYkr vkgs-v-ua- tutkrh tekrh ekrÒk”kk xqIr lkadsfrd Òk”kk1 fÒYYk fÒYYkh ikjlh2 rMoh rMoh taxYkh3 ikojk ikojh ÒqaxkrhÒk”kk4 ekax ekaxh vacqth5 jktiqr ÒkeVk jtiqrh Mkxqjh6 f’kdYkxj f’kdYkxjh tM Òk”kk7 catkjk catkjh rkaMh Òk”kk8 x a/kGh x a/kGh djiYYkoh

Rkjh ljdkjus ;k ÒkjrkrhYk o egkjk”VªkrhYk vkfnoklhtekrh o brj T;k tutkrh vkgsr R;kapsrhYk xqIr o lkadsfrdÒk”¨P;k vH;klkYkk pkYkuk |koh o enr djkoh- Á¨Rlkgu |kos gsns’kfgrkP;k n”Vhus ;¨X; vkgs-

Òk”kk’kkó o ekuo oa’k’kkó toGtoG 150 o” Z,desdkaP;k vk/kkjkoj pkYkr vkY¨- R;keqGs i¨VÒk”kk vkf.kekuoa’k’kkó T;kauk vlaLÑr ekurs vlk lekt ;kaph ,dpqdhph lkaxM ?kkYk.;kr vkYkh- rh cktqYkk Bsowu tj Òk”kk gk,d /;fuÁdkj o bæ; fu;a«k.kkOnkjs fo’okrhYk lrr iljrtk.kkÚ;k vuqÒokps xzg.k dj.;kpk ekxZ vkgs vls ekuY¨] rji¨VÒk”kk gh ekU; Òk”¨lkBh R;k xzg.k’kähph vk?kkMhph gLrdvkgs- vls eku.ks ‘kD; g¨bZYk- ;k vk?kkMhoj uosuos vuqÒo]uO;k laonsuk o R;kpcj¨cj vR;ar Ákfpure Lerh ,d«kvk.k.;kph lrrph f’kdLr g¨r vlrs- R;kr i¨VÒk”kk Lor%psopZLo i.kkYkk Ykkowu Áeq[k Òk”Ÿkk o ekU; Òk”Ÿkk

bfrgklkr lH; ek.klkauk rh Kkr >kYkh- xqIr cŸkh Òk”kk lkadsfrdÒk”kkaph iqjkrudkGh tso<h xjt g¨rh] rso<hp furkar xjt ghvkrkP;k dkGkr ns[khYk vkgs- ra«kKku] foKkukP;k ;k Lisl foKkukP;k;k 21 O;k ‘krdkr xqUgsxkjh o R;kps Lo:igh fnolsfnol xrhekuo dkGkÁek.¨ vWMOgkUl g¨rvkgs- ;kpk «kkl gk lH; lektkYkkclr vlr - okeekxkZYkk YkkxYŸkh dkgh ekF¨fQ: Yk¨d] vkrad]xqUgsxkjh] lk;cj ØkbZe] LislØkbZe] dj.kkjs baVjusV MkVk p¨jh]osclkbZV gSd dj.kkjs xqUgsxkj] R;kp Áek.¨ lekt O;oLFkk]vFkZO;oLFkk] ns’kkarxZr laca/k] ijjk”Vª /k¨j.k fc?kM.kkjs Nqis xqUgsxkj]jktdh;] lekt dk;nk o lqO;oLFkk [kjkc dj.kkjs xqUgsxkj gs xqIro lkadsfrd cŸkh Òk”kkapk d¨M YkXost pk okij djrkr- gk okijxSjekxkZ djrk nq”V o vfgrdkjh] vkekuoh; dkekdjrk djrkr gse¨B;k Áek.kkr vkt 21 O;k ‘krdkr fnlwu ;srs-

Rkjh ;k xqIr o lkadsfrd Òk”¨ps Lo:Ik o frps ekaM.kh]Bso.k bR;knh ckcrpk vH;kl gk vkt 21 O;k ‘krdkrhYk ;qokfi<hYkk eq[;Ros d:u iŸkhl o laj{k.k ;a«k.kk] foÒkxkrhYk Yk¨dkaukvl.¨ furkar xjtsps vkgs vls eYkk okVrs] R;keqGs ;k x¨”VhcÌYko fo?kkrd dk;kZcÌYk vkxkÅekfgrh feGwu g¨.kkjk vuFkZ osGhpVkGrk ;sr¨- enr g¨rs ;kr ‘kadk ukgh- jk-]ds-th- ch-] vesfjduxqIrpj ,tUlht] baVjiŸk] ;k lqj{kk;a=kauk xqIr o lkadsfrd Òk”¨psKku iqoÊ ftrds xjtsps g¨rs rso<sp rs vkt 21 ‘krdkr Òkjrkro txkr ‘kkarrk]l¨gknZ] ca/kqrk] lkekftd ,dïk o fo’oca/kqRokpkukjk cqYkan dj.¨dkeh egRokps vkgs o txkr ‘kkarrk fVdo.¨dkehtxkus ,dtqV g¨.¨ xjtsps vlwu ;k xqIr o lkadsfrd Òk”¨P;kvH;klkYkk o Kku feGfo.¨dkeh pkYkuk feG.¨ txkps o Òkjrkpsfgrkps g¨bZYk ;kr ‘kadk ukgh vls eYkk okVrs-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 131 132taxYkh ;k xqIrÒk”¨rhYk dkgh Eg.kh o okD; ‘kCn ;s.¨Áek.¨ vkgsr-taxYkh xqIr Òk”kk Eg.kh %&[kkoYk ÒsVYkk ra uojk uk; r [Ÿkokpk Òöjkva/khu xM ftadYkk o; ek; pkYkhu rOgk [kjk o ek;xk;h /k¨bZdu dq«;kurkYk iktukvk/kjrkbZ ukna vu~ dejh dkan ck/kavLlh dlh o¨ rhu gkM;kaph mYkrudslkapk miVruk; vu~ eq;kapk uk’k] xkaMk vkbZ ikgsts iu~ r aMkbZuk; ikgstsYkqVok ra ÒaMkj ekjok ra gÙkhcfg.khua ÒkÅrkYk v¨VhrYŸkk-& ej.kkÚ;kph r¨Make>kj ekVh vu~ ftR;kph r aMkr j¨Vh& xhjfxV jax cnYkr¨ iu vkiYkh fQrjr uk;& vkjlk psgjk fn[kkMr uk;ra lalkj fl[kkMr¨& Òxrhpk QqYk ckjk ojhlp fVdr¨& fgtMk >okMa vu~ in:u [kokMa& xkaMoj bZpqclkMuk& <kaxs;rkYkxkeu vu~ xkHkurkYk <kaxs;~& YkkGYkkGa HkYkxk vkYkk rkdisokYkrkYk dkeavkYkk& gG u~ x;a iG& u;krYkk lki mcxYkk ra ÒkÅdMa tkr¨& l¨Mh ns dkLVk djhY¨ uk’rk

taxYkh xqIrÒk”kk okD; %& vkack Mk; jLlk;k g;nhphxkB gVYkh& clokYk ;sokpk ga& mlkpk jl isokYk pkYkokpk gad k \& Òkdj [kkokYk ‘;keru ;s t¨ A

vFkZlaonsukps uos cG ÁkIr d:u nsr vlrs- tj i¨VkHkk”kkpulrhYk rj ,[kknh ekU; Òk”kk dsoG vFkZfofgu o iqu iqUgkoki:u ‘kCn o Lo:ikr f’kYYkd jkfgYk- dnkfpr O;kdj.kkP;kvkR;afrd f’kLrheqGs rh Hkk”kk xf.krklkj[kh ladYiukRed ÁxYÒrkdekow ‘kdsYk]- i.k R;krhYk ‘kCnfpUgs fcu psgÚ;kph curhYk-ÁR;sd Òk”Ÿkk Lor%pkpsgjk vl.¨ vko’;d vlrs- rh Òk”kkokij.kkÚ;k O;äÈuk R;k R;k Òkf”kd psgjkpk o ÁÑrhpk vfÒekuokVr jkgr¨- rh Òk”kk nqlÚ;k vxnh toGP;kgh Òk”¨r] foYkhug¨.;kl ukeatwj vlrs- ;k lokZaps dkj.k] ekuoh Òk”kkO;ogkjkrhYki¨V Òk”¨ph ÁkFkfedrk vkgs gs vkgs- MkW-x.¨’k nsoh Eg.krkr]Òkjrh; lektkr vktgh v’kk vla[; i¨VÒk”kk rx /k:u vkgsrvkf.k xsY;k rhu gtkj o”kkZr v[kaMhri.¨ Òkjrh; laLÑrhpkÁokg okgrk Bso.;kps egku dk;Z ;k Òk”kkauh dsYŸ¨ vkgs- Áokgkpkpfopkj djk;pk >kY;kl fdukjs Eg.kts ekU; Òk”kk] o ÁokgkphxrhEg.kts i¨VÒk”kk R;kauk uk j¨[k.¨ o nqYkZf{kr dj.¨ gs R;kÁokgklkBh ;¨X;p BjsYk-vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkaph xqIrÒk”kk taxYkh & ,d ifjp;

rMoh fÒYYk gh tekr lkriqMÓkkP;k ik;F;k’kh olYŸkh,d vkfnoklh tekr vlwu Òkjrh; jkT;?kVusr frYkk vkfnoklhpk xVkr fÒYYk laLÑrhr e¨Mwu frps LFkku gs nqlÚ;k vkfnetekrhr vkgs- rMoh gs fÒYYkkaps oa’kt vkgsr- ßtaxYkhÞ gh R;kphxqIrÒk”kk o rMoh gh ekrÒk”kk vkgs- taxYkh ;k xqIrÒk”ksYkk rsßfulxZ Òk”kkÞ vkgs- taxYkh ;k xqIrÒk”Ÿkk rs fulxZ Òk”kk Eg.krkr-fulxkZrhYk vusd miek] oLrq] i’kq] Ák.kh] i{kh] >kMs] ikus o brjj¨tP;k thoukrhYk oLrq] vkokt] ukn] bR;knhpk mi;¨x d:urMohuh taxYkh Òk”kk fuekZ.k dsYŸkh vkgs- taxYkhps xqIr dop gsv’kkÁdkjs vu¨G[kh O;ähYkk rh iq.kZi.¨ vukdYk.kh; vlrs-laLÑrhps j{k.kk djrk frph fufeZrh >kYŸkh vkgs-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 133 1341½ ladsfrd o xqIr cŸkh Òk”kk %vkfnoklh tekrhr

xqIr o lkadsfrd Hkk”kk ÁpfYkr vkgs- ;kps mnkgj.k Eg.kwu rMohfÒYYkkaP;k taxYkh xqIr Òk”¨pk mYY¨[k djrk ;sbZYk- Fk M;k deh‘kCnkr o okD;kr xqIr lans’kkps enrhus ;k cŸkhOnkjs ogu dsY¨tkrs- lnjph Òk”¨r vusd uSlfxZd o vuSlfxZd ckcÈpk lekos’kdj.;kr ;sr - R;kr Ákeq[;kus QGs] ikus] QqY¨] i{kh] i{;kapsfofo/k vkokt] j¨tP;k okijkrhYk oLrq bR;knhpk varZÒko vlwuR;kpÁek.¨ fu;fer Áek.¨ th O;ogkjkr cŸkYkh tk.kkjs Òk”¨Lo:ikr vlYŸkh gh xqIr Òk”kk v’kk Ádkjs vkiY;k ,dk fof’k”Vlkekftd leqgkdMwu usgeh okij.;kr ;srs- taxYkh Òk”kk gh v’kkpÁdkjs lkekftd ijaijspk vfoÒkT; ?kVd vkgs-

2½ nsgcŸkh Òk”kk % rMoh fÒYYkkph taxYkh xqIr Òk”¨r;k nsgcŸkhpk e¨B;kÁek.kkr okij djrkr- ;k xqIr lkadsfrdÒk”Ÿkk baxzthr ßckMh Yk¡XostÞ vlsgh Eg.krkr ekuokP;k ‘kjhjvo;okP;k lgk¸;kus o enrhus ,[kknk xqIr o lkadsfrd lans’k gkogu dj.;kr ;sr¨- ;kr Ákeq[;kus M¨GÓkkpk] ÒqobZapk] v aBkpk]gkrkpk] ik;kpk v’kk fofo/k [kq.kkOnkjs gs xqIr lans’k ogu dsY¨tkrs- Òkjrh; Yk duR;kOnkjs lkfgR;krhYk o iqjk.kkrhYk ,[kknhdFkk ns[khYk lkafxrYkh tkrs- mnk- jkek;.k] egkÒkjr] nqxkZ] ‘kadj]:ækorkj] gs Yk¨duR;kOnkjs lkafxrY¨ tkrkr- mnk-nf{k.¨dMhYkdFkduR; o dFkdYkh uR;Ádkj gs g¨;-

3½ djiYYkoh Òk”kk % xqIr o lkadsfrd djiYYkoh ;kÒk”ë/;s Ákeq[;kus n Ugh gkrkP;k iaTkkPkk o R;kpÁek.¨ nkgh c¨VkaP;k[kq.kkaOnkjs ;k dj.kiYYkoh xqIrÒk”pk mi;¨x dsYkk tkr¨ o ,[kknkxqIrlans’k i¨gpfoYkk tkr ] ogu dsYkktkr - djiYYkoh gh c¨VkOnkjsfn’kkfunsZ’k d:u ,[kknk xqIr ladsr ns.;kps vkiY¨ bPNhr /;s; lk/;djhr vlrs- mnk-x a/kGÓkkP;k gkrkP;k [kk.kk[kq.kkph ,d Lora«k

& [¨rkr iibZ [kkokYk ;s t¨ A& gkYk dq«;kua u [kkuk

taxYkh xqIr Òk”kk ‘kCn %& vkack] c j] dSjh] fuacq] pohph ‘ ax] iibZ] fjaxu] ?k Mh] fldjh] ?kqcM& ekatj] dq«kk] lki] fpidYk] mafnj]& cSYk] bZpq] QqYkik[k:] fpe.kh]& iïV] oM] fiaiG] ‘ axk] nkua&x/kMk] f’kax] vaxkjk] jl[;k] okjk ikÅl] Åu] mts;] va/kkjk]lkoYkh] jkrfdMs] csMwd vkjlk] eq[koVk] d;klG] eaxs;lq«k] uookjh]YkqxMk] inj] dkLVk] ur.kh] fVdYkh] daqdq] gn;] xjelkYkk] iku]lqikjh] okanqj] ljMk] ok?k] flag] exj] vkdk’k] pkan]rkj] lqjt]ftÒ]gkr]ik;] Mo]cqckGa] M¨;] nk;] p:] rÒku] c’kh] di][kYkcÙkk] eqls;] bR;knh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkaP;k taxYkhxqIr Òk”¨rhYkEg.kh okD; o ‘kCn vkgsr-

vf/kd ekfgrh taxYkhxqIr Òk”kk rlsp rMoh Òk”¨ laca/khtk.kwu ?¨.¨ dkeh LofYkf[kr ßvkfnoklh rMoh cŸkhÒk”¨rhYk ‘kCnlaxzgkd¨’k rMohÞ ejkBh rMoh ;k egkjk”Vª jkT; lkfgR; vkf.klaLÑrh eqacbZ rQsZ vuqnkfur iqLrdkpk vH;kl gk la’k¨/kdvH;kldkauh ftKklwuhdjkok-xqIrÒk”kk o lkadsfrd Òk”¨ps Ádkj

1½ xqIr lkadsfrd Òk”kk2½ nsgcŸkh Òk”kk3½ djiYYkoh Òk”kk4½ fp«kfYkih Òk”kk5½ lkadsfrd vadÒk”kk6½ xqIr lkadsfrd feJvad o ‘kCn Òk”kk7½ ferk{kjh

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 135 136o.kZekYkk r;kjdsYŸkh vkgs- ;k o.kkZpk c¨/k d:u ns.kkÚ;k gkrkaP;k[kq.kkauk djiYYkoh vls Eg.krkr- mnk- v&vaxBk] g& foGk]d&djaxGh] [k&LoxZ] x&xxu] ?k&?kaVk] u&u[k] p&pYk] N&N«k]t&teYkh] ikpc¨Vs 2 ,d okdMs c¨V] Yk&nü] okdMh c¨Vs ;klkadsfrd[kq.kkae/;s Qä oLrqP;k [kq.kk ukghr rj brjgh ladsrvlrkr gh djiYYkohxqIr Òk”¨pkp ,d uequk vkgs-

4½ fp«kfYkihÒk”kk % ,[kk|k isVÈxOnkjs rFkk fp«kkOnkjsxqIr o lkadsfrd Òk”kk lans’k i¨gpfo.;kps dke dsY¨ tkrs- rMohfÒYYkkaph xqIr Òk”kktaxYkh e/;s QqY¨] ikus] Ák.kh]i’kq brj fp«kdkjhdk<wu fdaok fpUgs dk<wu xqIr lans’k nsr vlr xqIr Òk”kk gh phuo tkiku ;sF¨ mxeu ikoYŸkh vlkoh o vktgh rh rsFkhYk eqG fpuho tkikuh Òk”¨ph tuuh Eg.kwu v¨G[kYkh tkrs- lnjph gh xqIr olkadsfrd Òk”kk ns[khYk fpuh]tkikuh] ;kYk dkauh xqIr BsoYŸkh vkgs-lnjph xqIrÒk”kk ghc©/ndkYkhu lH;rk iklwu fo|eku vkgs- ;kfp«kfYkihOnkjs xqIr lans’k ogu dsY¨ tkrkr- ;kps mnkgj.k Eg.ktsfYkv¨&ukM Z n foaph ;kaph isVÈx vkgsr-

5½ xqIr oh lkadsfrd vad Òk”kk % ;k xqIr Òk”¨r1]2]3]4]5]6]7]rs 10 ikor - vkdMse¨M dsYŸkh vlrs ;k vadkP;kvuq”kaxkus ,[kknk xqIr lans’k ns.;kps dke gs dsY¨ tkrkr-

6½ lkadsfrd feJ vad o ‘kCn Òk”kk % ;kr Ákeq[;kusvad 1 rs 10 rlsp ‘kCn v]c]d]M bR;knh ckjk[kMhuqlkj ‘kCnvlrkr- R;kps lgk¸;kus o enrhus ,[kknk xqIr lans’k fYkgwu r¨Álkjhr dj.;kr ;srkr- ;kYkk ßd¨MoMZÞ Eg.kwu ns[khYklac¨/k.;kr ;srs- xqIr lans’kkps ogu gs ;k}kjs dsY¨ tkrs- vkt Li/kkZ ifj{kk ns.kkÚ;k fo|kF;k±uk ;kpk vH;kl gk ns.;kr vkYŸkk vkgs-gh vkuankph ckc vkgs-

7½ ferk{kjh % Òkjrkr v’kk lkadsfrdxqIr Òk”kk vkf.kfYkih ;kaps Á;¨x gs Qkj Ákfpu dkGiklwu :< vlY;kps vk<Grs]ferk{kjh cgq/kk fÁ;dkj o o Á;slh ijLijkauk xqIr lans’ki¨gpfo.;kpkdkeh lnjph xqIr Òk”kk mi; ftr vlr- mnk- fÒYYkkapsoa’kt vlYŸkh vkfnoklh rMohr fÒYYkkaph ns[khYk v’khpÁdkjph fÁ;dj o

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 137 138Áfl/n dsYŸ;k ßu¨Vl vkWu fØfeuYk DYkklsl bu n ckEcs ÁsflMUlhÞ;k xzaFkkr fnYŸkh vkgs- dkgh lkadsfrd lans’k ;s.¨ Áek.¨ vkgsr-V½ iŸkhl vkY¨ vls lkaxko;kps vlsYk rj jkrfdM;klkj[kkvkokt dj.¨-C½ iGwu tk fdaok ikaxk gs lqfpfo.;k dkeh r aMkoj iatk Bsowu?kqcMk lkj[kk vkokt fdaok dŸgk lkj[kk vkokt dk<.¨-D½ ?kjkr p¨jhdjhr vlYŸ;k lkFkhnkjkYkk dq.khrjh ;sr vlY¨ckcr lko/k dj.¨dkeh jk«khP;k osGh ekatjhpk fdaok esa<hpkfnolvlrkauk vkokt dk<.¨-M½ nü jLrs ,d«k ;srkr v’kk ÇBdk.kh vki.k d¨.kR;k fn’ksusxsYkks gs n’kZfo.;kP;k ladsr js?k¨V;kaP;k fdaok ikoYkkP;k [kq.kk dj.¨fdaok >kMkP;k Qka|k fof’k”V Ádkjs Bsowu Vkdqu fn’kkfunsZ’k dj.¨bR;knh-

5½ Áknsf’kd Òk”¨r mnk-laLÑr] rfeG] ejkBh] xqtjkFkh]caxkYkh ;k ekrÒk”kkalg xqIr o lkadsfrd Òk”kk gh fo|eku ulrs rjxjt o vko’;drsuqlkj fYkihOnkjs lnjps xqIr lans’k r;kj d:uns.;kph ijaijk vkgs- ijarq vkfnoklh tutkrh o tekrhr ekrÒk”kklgxqIr o lkadsfrd Òk”kk gh nÜgh Yk¨d laLÑrh fo|eku vlrs- ijarqrh e©f[kd :ikr vlwu iq.kZi.¨ Lora«k :ikr rh vkfnoklhthoulj.khr o Yk¨dlaLÑrhr letkthoukr thoarvlrs o rhvkfnoklhph thoukpk ,d Òkx vlrs- vls fnlwu ;srs- ;kYk¨dalLÑrhpk ;k ‘krdkr dkgh la’k¨/kd o Y¨[kdkaeqGs rhfYkfic/n g¨r vkgs- gh vkuankph ckc vlY;kps fnlwu ;srs-

6½ vkfnoklhP;k fOnÒkf”kd Yk¨d laLÑrh vlrs] Eg.ktsR;kph ekrÒk”kk mnk- rMohph rMoh gh ekrÒk”kk o taxYkh ghxqIrÒk”kk fnlwu ;srs rlsp ikj’kh gh xqIrÒk”kk fnlwu ;srs v’kkÁdkjsvkfnoklh fOnÒkf”kd Yk¨d laLÑrh fo|eku vkgs-

fÁ;slh ijLijkauk taxYkh ;k vkfnoklh rMohP;k xqIr Òk”¨pk xqIrlans’k ns.;kdkeh mi;¨x djhr vlrkr-taxYkh xqIrÒk”kk o lkadsfrd Òk”¨ps BdG oSf’k”V;s %

1½ oSf’k”V;siw.kZ jpuk d:u xqIri.¨ in;jpusrwu xqIrlans’k i¨gpfo.;kps i/nr gh egkjk”Vªkr g¨rh vls fnlrs- fotkiqjpkljnkj fu?kkYkk vkgs- gk lans’k leFkZ jkenklkauh N«kirh f’kokthegkjktkauk ikfBoYŸ;k inLo:Ik i«kke/kqu pj.kkapk vkn;{kjkauk,dkiq<s ,d okpY¨ rj lans’k r;kj g¨r ] vls i«k Lokeh jkenklkauhjktkauk ikBfoY¨ g¨rs-

2½ toGtoG lxG;k eqä ÒVD;k o ekxkloxÊ; rlspvkfnoklh tkrhtekrhrhYk Yk¨dtho ukr lnjph xqIr o lkadsfrdÒk”kk :< vkgs- ;k tutkrh o tekrhr v’kk Ádkjps Lora«ki.¨fOnÒkf”kd Yk¨d laLÑrh thou lj.kh fnlwu ;srs- r’kh rh Áknsf’kdÒk”kkae/;s Lora«ki.¨ xqIrÒk”kk fnlwu ;sr ukgh- lnjph xqIrÒk”kk ladsrgs vu©ipkfjd i/nrhus r;kj dsYŸkh vlrkr-

3½ 13 O;k ‘krdkr fol¨ck [¨pj ;kauh ljkQh O;olk;krhYkdkghlkadsfrd ‘kCnkapk vaÒxkr mi;¨x dsYkk vkgs- gh lkadsfrdÒk”kk O;kikjkr :< vkgs- uan Eg.kts nYkkYk vkf.k uandhEg.ktsnYkkYkkaps osru] cktkjkr O;ogkjk djrkauk- ;k lkadsfrd cŸkhpkmi;¨x djrkr- mnk- dsoYkh ,d vck: nü] mFkuq&rhu] i¨Gw&pkj]eqGq&ikp] usolw &uÅ] vaxqG ngk] ] ,dMw vdjk] jsIih ckjk] rsi:rsjk] pkaeMw p¨nk] rGh&ia/kjk] rGh ;k ‘kCnkiqoÊ ,d nü] rhu] ‘kCnoki:u l¨Gk lrjk] gs ‘kCn cuorkr-

4½ dSdkM;kaps ijaijsus pkYkr vkYŸ¨ vusd O;olk;vlY¨ rjh iqoÊ gh tekr p¨jh dj.¨ gk R;kpk O;olk; g¨rk- vlsbaxztkuh EgVY¨ vkgs- R;kaps lkadsfrd Òk”kk laca/kh ra«k fodflr dsYŸ¨vkgsr- rs lu 1908 e/;s eqacbZ bYkk[;krrhYk ljdkjus vkiY;k

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 139 140Òk”kk ák vukfndkGk ikosr¨ fVdrhYk] rjh R;k xzaFkhr ofYkihc/n g¨.¨dkeh enr dj.¨ gs ‘kklukps /;s; cuwu R;kauhla’k¨/kdkauk] Y¨[kdkauk enr djkoh- vkfFkZd ikBcG |kos- Lora«ki.¨Òk”kk foÒkx vkfnoklh Òk”kkiqjrsp Lora«kfjR;k fufeZrh djko- rlspftYgkLrjh; vkfnoklh Òk”kk laLFkk ftYgkf/kdkÚ;kP;k vf/kiR;[kkYkhfuekZ.k djkoh- rlsp ;k Òk”kk foÒkxkpk dkedktkoj ns[kjs[khdjrk ,d fuoÙk U;k;kf/k’kkph fu;qäh ‘kklukus djkoh-

6½ xq< Y¨[ku ijaijps o xqIr lkadsfrd Òk”¨pk okijkcÌYkvktP;k 21 O;k ‘krdkrhYk uO;k fi<hYkk tkxr dsY¨ tkosrR;kpk mi;¨x laj{k.k laLFkkuk o xqIrpj ;a«k.kk cGdV dj.¨lenrp g¨bZYk o Kkukr o/nhg¨bZYk ;kr ‘kadk ukgh-

7½ 21 O;k ‘krdkrhYk lk;cj Økbe]Lisl xqUgs ] baVjusVMkVk p¨jh rlsp jkW-] o vesfjdu xqIrpj ,tUlh] ds-ts-ch-]baVjiŸk bR;knh txkrhYk laj{k.k o xqIrpj ;a«k.kk cGdV dj.öják xqIr o lkadsfrd Òk”kkrhYk Kkukpk mi;¨x g¨bZYk o ,dÁdkjspkYkuk feGwu lekt fudï] fuj¨xh o ca/kwrk] Áse] lkekftd,dïk]fVdfo.¨dkeh enr g¨bZYk rlsp l¨gknZ ok<Y¨ o vfo’oklokrkoj.k nqj g¨bZYk brD;k ;k xqIrk Òk”kk o lkadsfrd Òk”kkps egRovkgs- o rs osGhp tk.k.¨ xjtsps vkgs-Lkkjka’k %

vkfnoklhph fOnÒkf”kd lkekftd thoulj.khrwu ÁkfpulH;srpk o laLÑrhpk ‘k¨/kc¨/k rlsp /kkaM¨Gk ?¨rYkk tkow ‘kdr¨rlsp mR[kukukrwu Ákfpu fYkih] f’kYi] Y¨.kh] rlsp e¨BÓkk] Áek.kkr[kftukpk ‘k /k ?¨rk ;sbZYk- rlsp lkaLÑfrd nq”V;k gs ,d e©fYkdvlsp iqjkrRoh; dke g¨bZYk- ,dw.kp ekuokps iqoZt o R;kphÁxrhpk vkY¨[k gk rkilrk ;sbZYk- rlsp czEgkMkar ekuoh lH;rspkns[khYk ‘k /kYkkork ;sbZYk- ;k fOnÒk”kk fYkfic/ng¨.¨ xjtsps vkgs dkj.k

7½ ik”kk.k ;qxkps rhu dkYk[kaM x.kY¨ tkrkr- ,d iqjkik”k.k;qx o nqljs e/;ik”kk.k ;qx o frljs uoik”kk.k ;qx vls [kaM vkgsrik”kk.k ;qxkr vkfnoklh fÒYYkkaps iqjkos feGkY¨ vkgsr- vkfnoklhrMoh fÒYYk gs fÒYYkkaps oa’kt vkgsr- lkriqMÓkkr Òfo”;krmR[kuu dsY¨l rlsp Òkjrkr mR[kuu dsY¨l fÒYYkkaps] rMohfÒYYkkaps] iqjkos] Y¨.kh] f’kYkkys[k] uk.kh] ftok’e] gR;kjs] ÒkaMh]oxSjs oLrq rlsp Y¨.kÈoj Òk”kkaph rlsp fÒYYkhÒk”kk o rMohÒk”kkaph fYkih ns[khYk lkiM.;kph ‘kD;rk ukdkjrk ;sr ukgh-fu”d”kZ %

1½ vkfnoklhph f}Òkf”kd Yk¨d laLÑrh fVdfo.;kdkehR;kaphvkfFkZd o lkekftd ifjfLFkrh lq/kkjYkh ikfgtsr- vkfnoklhek.kla R;kps leqg o lekt gk txYkk ikfgts] fVdYkk ikfgts] rjpR;kaphYk dlaLÑrh o lkekftd thoulj.kh o R;kph fOnÒkf”kdijaijk ák txw ‘kdrhYk] ‘okl ?öw ‘kdrhYk vukfndkGk ikosr¨R;kaps vfLrRo vckf/kr jkfgYk-

2½ vkfnoklh ek.kqltxYkk rjp r¨ O;ä g¨bZYk- Eg.kwuvkfnoklh ek.kla leqg o R;koj vk/kkfjr lekt thoar jkfgYkk rjR;kaph laLÑrh]Òk”kk] :<h] ijaijk] e©f[kd lkfgR; ijaijk] thoulj.khák fVdrhYk Eg.kwu txkpk o ÒkjrkrhYk Òk”kklagkj g¨.;kiqoÊpR;kckcrhr ikÅY¨ mpYk.¨ xjtsps vkgs] ;kr ‘kadk ukgh-

3½ ekrÒk”kk o vkfnoklhP;k xqIr lkadsfrd Òk”kk ;k fOnÒkf”kdYk dlaLÑrhps ijaijsps Yk¨d tkxj g¨.¨ xjtsps vkgs-

4½ vkfnoklhps fOnÒk”kk ák vueŸk Bsok vkgs- r¨ trudj.¨ gs vkiY¨ uSfrd drZO; vkgs-

5½ la’k¨/kd] vH;kld o Y¨[kdkauk vkfnoklhps fOnÒkf”kdYk dlaLÑrh tru dj.¨dkeh Á¨Rlkghr dj.¨ o R;kauk lkekftdo jktdh; vkJ; YkkÒ.¨ gs ‘kklukps drZO; vkgs- ts.¨d:u vkfnoklh


Ádj.k 7

¼lkriqM;krhYk vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk o R;kaps;qokxg ¼p¨jouh½ ,d ‘k¨/k o c¨/k½

rMoh fÒYYkkaps p¨jouh gs ;qokxg Ákfpu dkGh vLrhRokrg¨rks vkt gh ijaijk YkqIr >kYŸkh vkgs- rjh frph v¨G[k o‘k /k o c¨/k ?öw ;k-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkps ;qokxg p¨jouh gs vktP;krMohps thouekukr lnjph ijaijk fnlwu ;sr ukgh- ;kph u anftKklwuh ?;koh-

;qokxg vFkkZr ‘k;uxg gs vkfnekaps lekt thoukps vfoÒkT;?kVd vkgsr- vfookfgr ;qod o vfookfgr ;qorh ;kaps tls lafeJ;qokxg fnlrkr R;kp Áek.¨ Lora«kfjR;k ns[khYk ;qokxg vFkkZr‘k;uxg fnlrkr-xkokckgsj Ykakc varjkoj vKkr LFkGh vls ;qokxgvlr- xkokrhYk vkfnoklh Eg¨jdk gk vfookghr ;qod&;qorÈuk

brjgtkj¨ Òk”kk Áek.¨ ;k lq/nk Yk Ik ikorhYk ;kr ‘kadk ukgh- gke©fYkd ekuoh; nLr,sot vkgs- r¨ trug¨.¨ xjtsps vkgs- ;klkadsfrdxqIr Òk”kk Òkjrh; iqoZT;kauh iq<P;k fi<h djrk trud:u BsoYŸkk Bsok vkgs- mnk- fp«k] f’kYi] Y¨.kh] eqrÊ] ákvki.kkal dkghrjh [kq.kor vlrkr- dkghrjh lwfpr djhr vlrkr-dkghrjh lkaxr vlrkr] dkgh rjh lans’k nsr vlrkr- rlsp rsO;Drhns[khYk g¨r vlrkr] gs tk.kwu ?¨.;kph pkch Eg.kts xqIr olkadsfrdÒk”kkps Kku g¨;-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 143 144Òkjrke/;s R;kpÁek.¨ lkriqMÓkkrhYk vkfne thoukr [kkYkhYkÁek.¨;qokxgs fnlwu ;srkr-v-Ø- tekr ;qoxgkps uko1 rMoh p¨jouh2 eaqMk o g¨ fxVh v¨jk3 ekfM;kx¨M x¨rqYk4 Ò¨fV;k jaxcax5 Òqb;kW /kuxj cklkRklsp dkgh tekrhrxqIr Òk”kk lkadsfrd Òk”kk vlrkr R;k v’kk vkgsr-

v-Ø- tekr xqIrÒk”kkaps uko1 rMoh taxYkh2 fÒYYk ikjlh3 jktiqr ÒkeVk Mkxqjh4 x a/kGh djiYYkoh5 ekax vacqth6 f’kdYkdj tMÒk”kkDkgh xqIr Òk”kkauk fYkih ns[khYk vlrs- MkW- x.¨’k nsoh ;k Òk”kkla’k¨/kdkus EgVY¨ vkgs dh] vkfnekP;kcŸkh ;k uqlR;k cŸkhÒk”kkulwu R;k R;kaP;k Lora«k v’kk Òk”kk vkgsr- rlsp rs fYkihc/n g¨.¨gh vktP;kdkGkph xjt vkgs- Ákfpu dkGh dkgh xqIr Òk”kkaukfYkihns[khYk vfLrRokr g¨rh- mnk- xqIrdkO; Y¨[ku Òk”kk] xqIri«kY¨[kuÒk”kk] fejj] Yk¡Xost] ferk{kjhbR;knh baxzth Òk”kk fgYkk Lora«k v’khLork%ph fYkihukgh ljnjph baxzth Òk”kk jëu Òk”¨pk fYkih Eg.kwumi;¨x djrs- rlsp ÒkjrkrhYk dkgh Òk”kk ;k nsoukxjhpk fYkihEg.kwu mi;¨x djrkr- ;qokxgkr ns[khYk xqIrÒk”kk f’kdfoY;ktkrkr- rlsp nsgcŸkh xqIr gkrÒko vaxfo{ïkph ladsr:ih xqIrÒk”kkgh ;qod&;qorÈuk f’kdfoYkh tkrs- dkgh xqIr o lkadsfrd Òk”kk;koj fnY;k vkgsr-

;ssF¨ ?öwu ;srkr] ;sF¨ R;kauk eVu] ekls] e| ns.;kr ;srs] ;qod&;qorhvkikiY;k ilarhP;k t¨Mhnkjkph fuoM djrkr o jk«kÒj /kqan göwuukprkr] [ksG [¨Grkr] uarj ;qod ;qorhP;k ikYkdka’kh cŸk.khd:u Eg¨jD;k ijaijsuqlkj R;kapk FkkVkr fookg Ykkowu nsrkr- ijarqd¨.khgh R;kcÌYk m?kM m?kM cŸkr ukgh lektkP;k xqIr ladsrkphokP;rk djrk ;sr ukgh- rls dsY;kl lekt nafMr d:u eR;qnaM ghns.;kph dB¨j ijaijk fnlrs- rlsp okGhrgh Vkd.¨r ;srs-

,danj txkrhYk o ÒkjrkrhYk loZp vkfnoklh lektke/;s ;qoxgkapsvfLrRo fnlwu ;srs- baMüsf’k;k] eY¨f’k;k] fQYkhikbUl o R;kpcj¨cj vesfjdk] vkfÝdk] [kaMkrhYk rlsp ÒkjrkrhYk lkriqMÓkkrhYkvkfne tekrhr ;qokxgkaps vfLrRo fVdqu vkgs- vkt 21 O;k‘krdkr ns[khYk R;kps vfLrRo fVdqu vkgs- egkjk”Vªkr ukxiqjrlsplkriqMÓkP;k jkaxsr okLrO;kl vlYŸ;k vkfne tekrhr lnjphijaijk fnlwu ;srs- ;kr ikj/kh] rMoh] fÒYYk] ikojk bR;knh vkfnetekrhr ;qokxg vkgsr- R;kpÁek.¨ Òkjrkr eqaMk] g¨] mjk[kk¡][kfj;kW] e/;Áns’kkrhYk x aM] ÒqbZ;k] vklke e/khYk ukx] eseh]vaxkeh]lsek] Nkax] d U;kt] dqGht] ;kaP;ke/;s ;qokxgs fnlwu ;srkr-rlsp nf{k.k Òkjrkr eqFkqou] eé] ikfYk;u]dfédj bR;knh tekrhrgh;qokxg vkgsr- ;qokxg gs loZp vkfne tekrhrfnlwu ;srkr-egkjk”Vª jkT;iqjrk vH;kl dsY;kl rsF¨ ol.kkÚ;k vkfne tekrhmnk- dŸkke] ikojk] rMoh] fÒYYk] bR;knh Òkxkrgh vkfnetekrhr ;qokxg vkgsr- uanqjckj] /kqGs]tGxko] jktLFkku cÚgk.kiqj¼e-Á-½] ;kaps lhekYkxrP;k o nqxZe igkMiÍhr [k Ykoj lnjphijaijk Ákfpu dkGh fnlwu ;srs- gs ;qokxg osxosxG;k ukokusv¨G[kY¨ tkrkr- ;k ;qokxgkps Lo:Ik o lekt ijaijk uhV letqu?¨rY;kfouk R;kP;k thoukps uhVi.¨ vkdYku g¨r ukgh-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 145 1462½ p¨jouhr ;qod&;qorhuk vkfnekps thou O;ogkjkps

laLÑrhps xqIr ladsr rlsp xqIr Òk”kkcÌYk voxr d:u R;kaukf’kdo.k ns.;kr ;sr vlrs- rMohphxqIr Òk”kk taxYkh Òk”kk ghf’kdfo.¨ rlps frpsKku ns.;kr;sr vlrs-

3½ LoPNanh o vkuanh thou txrktxrkp r:.k fi<hYkkr;kj d:u vkfnekaP;k laLÑrhpk okjlk tk.khoiqoZd ti.;kpsegRoiq.kZ dk;Z ;qokxgs djhr vlrkr- rsOgk ;qod&;qorÈps feYkukpsdsaæ vlYŸ;k ;qoxgkdMwu lektkYkk mi;qä vl.kkjh fdrhrjhdk;sZ ikj ikMYkh tkrkr-

4½ pkYkhfjrh R;kaps lkrR; fVdfo.;kps dk;Z ;qokxgkekQZr?kMrs- lkekftd /kkfeZd o lkaLÑfrd laLdkj dj.kkjh laLFkk Eg.ktsvkfne lektkrhYk ;qokxgs g¨r-

5½ r:.k fi<hYkk loZ vFkkZus r;kj djrk djrkp R;kaP;ke/;s lkekftd tkf.kok fuekZ.k dj.;kps egRo dk;Z ;qoxgs djrvlrkr-

6½ ;qokxgkr g¨jkÚ;k d¨.kR;kgh ?kVukaph ppkZ djko;kphulrs- R;klaca/kh vrho xqIrrk ikGYkh ikfgts] gs f’k{k.k R;kaukYkkÒYŸ¨ vlY;kus ;qokxgk’kh rs csbZeku g¨r ukghr] Eg.kwup brjd¨.kR;kgh Á’ukaps e¨dGsi.kkus mÙkj ns.kkjh ;qorh ;qokxgkcÌYkpdkj‘kCn dk<hr ukgh- Á’u fopkjYkkprj vkiYkh ukjkth rh O;ä djrsEg.kwu rj vkfne lektkrhYk ,sD; Òkouk vtqugh Òax ikoYŸkhukgh-

7½ vkØed o taxYkh tukojkapk «kkl o ‘k«kqpk NkikbR;knhiklwu tekrhps laj{k.k dj.¨ vxnh xjtsps vls- ijdh;‘k«kqapk M¨Gk tekrhrhYk óh;k obrj ekYkeÙkk ;koj vls- rsOgkR;kaP;k’kh leFkZi.¨ eqdkcYkk dj.;klkBh tekrhrhYk

vkiYkh lkekftd o lkaLÑfrd xïfu;rk jk[kYkh tkoh ovkiY;k lH;rps laj{k.k Ogkos Eg.kwu vkfnekuh xqIrÒk”¨ph fufeZrhdsYŸkh vkgs- xqIrrk jk[k.¨ gh tjh O;ähdsaæhr ckc vlYkh rjh rhlkeqnkf;d tckcnkjh vlwu R;kps ikYku dj.¨ gh leqgkph tckcnkjhvkgs- frps mYYka?ku u djrk lkekftd eqY;kaph tïkluk dj.¨ oR;kps ikYku dj.¨ gs ÁR;sdkps drZO; vkgs- vls vkfnekps xqIrrspsfu;e vkgsr- gh f’kdo.k ;qokxgkrp fnYkhtkrs- v’kk Ádkjs ;qokxgtx.¨ f’kdoY¨ tkrs-

;qokxg vFkkZr ‘k;uxg gs vkfnekps lekt thoukps vfoÒkT;?kVd vkgsr- vfookfgr ;qod vfookfgr ;qorh ;kaps tls lafeJ;qokxg fnlkrr R;kpÁek.¨ Lora«kfjR;k ns[khYk ;qokxg vFkkZr ‘k;uxgfnlrkr-

lkriqM;krhYk vkfnoklh rMoh ;kps p¨jouh gs ;qokxgvfLrRokr vkgs- eq[;Ros d:u tGxko ftYg;krhYk pïMk] ;koYk]jkosj rlsp cjgk.kiqj ¼e-Á-½ YkxP;k igkMiÍhr [k Ykoj lnjphijaijk vR;ar xqIri.¨ iqoÊ vfLrRokr g¨rh- ijarq d¨.khgh R;kcÌYkm?kM cŸkr ukgh- lektkP;k xqIr ladsrkph okP;rk djrk ;sr ukgh-rls dsY;kl lekt naMhr d:u eR;qnaM gh ns.;kph dB¨j ijaijkfnlrs- rlsp okGhrgh Vkd.¨r ;srs-p¨jouhpsdkgh BGd oSf’k”V;s [kkYkhYkÁek.¨ vk<Grkr-

1½ p¨jouh gh vkfnoklh ikM;k] xkoka ckgsj Ykkac varjkojvKkr LFkGh vlrs- xkaokrhYk vkfnoklh Eg¨jdk gk vfookfgr;qod;qorÈuk ;sF¨ ?öwu ;srkr- ;sF¨ R;kauk eVu] ekls] e| ns.;kr;srs ;qod&;qorhP;k ikYkdka’kh cŸk.kh d:u Eg¨jD;k ijaijsuqlkjR;kapk FkkVkr fookg Ykkowu nsrkr- R;kauk vktUe lalkj dj.;kph‘kiFk ns.;kr ;srs o frP;k etÊuqlkj rh lalkj djr vlrs- frYkkdkMhe¨Mhpk iw.kZ vf/kdkj vlr¨-


Ádj.k 8

vkfnoklh rMoh Yk¨dEg.kh o Yk¨dxhr %,d ifjp;

1½ vkfnoklh rMohps e©f[kd Yk¨dlkfgR; vkf.k Lo:i %,danjhr vkfnoklh] tekrhr fofo/k dkGkuqlkj o Álaxkuqlkj

uR; rlsp xk.kh gh EgVYkh tkrkr- fof’k”V Ádkjpk i¨’kk[k]eq[koVs ifj/kku dsY¨ tkrkr- ‘kjhjkoj fofo/k jaxkpk okij d:uuVrkr rlsp i’kq] i{kh ;kaps ihlkapk okij gk uR; Ádkjkr dsYkktkr - R;kpÁek.¨ YkkdMkiklwu o brj oLrwaiklwu cufo.;kr ;s.kkÚ;kok|kaP;k pkYkhoj vkfnoklh ;qod o ;qorh gs uR; djrkr oYk dxhr Eg.krkr- v’kkrgsus vkfnoklh uR;Ádkjklg Yk¨dxk.khfofo/k Álaxh xk;Ykh tkrkr- fnolÒjkP;k dkckMd”Vkuarj esgurhuarjlk;adkGh xkokr vkYöj fojaxqGk feGkok Eg.kwu dje.kwdhpslk/ku Eg.kwu o l.k mRlokr vkuan¨Rlo lktjk dj.;klkBhvkfnoklh xk.;kaP;k rkYkhoj fFkjdkr o xk.kh Yk;cÌrsus Eg.krkr-;k lk/kuke/;s rlk <Ÿk] >kaxGh] fVeGh] bR;knhpk okij djrkr-rlsp fofo/k Ádkjps l axs ?öwu o tukojkps eq[koVs ifj/kku d:uuR;ukVÓk dsY¨ tkrkr-

r:.kkauk tkxrk igkjk djkok Eg.kwu R;kaps eu¨jatu djhr R;kauk;qokxgkr tkxs BsoY¨ tkr vls-

8½ vkfne tekrhph laLÑrh vckf/kri.¨ fVdowu /kj.;kpsdke ;qokxgkauhp dsYŸ¨ vkgs- ,o<sp uOgs rj r:.k fi<hYkk loZn”VÈuh r;kj d:u R;kaP;ke/;s ,sD; Òko n< dj.;kl ;qokxgkapsdk;Z vuU;olk/kkj.k vkgs-

1½ ;qokxgkaps vfLrRo fnolsafnol /k D;kr ;sr vkgs ghoLrqfLFkrh vkgs- /keZÁlkjd] ukxjhlaidZ]uohu Á’kkldh; O;oLFkk;keqGs vkfne vkiY;k lkaLÑfrd thoukpk R;kx djr vkgsr-jaxkek ukxke/;s vl.kkÚ;k ;qokxgkcÌYk fYkfgrkauk feYl ;kauh vlsLi”V dsY¨ dh] vkfnekaP;k [¨M;kaph ÒjÒjkV gh R;kaP;k ;qokxgkaP;kvoLFö:u voYkacwu vlrs- ;ko:u ;qokxgkaph mi;qärk vkfnethoukr fdrh e¨Bh vkgs] gs fnlwu ;srs] i.k vkt ek«k uohuÁ’kkldh; O;oLFëqGs vkfne lektkrhYk gh ;qokxgs uke’¨”k g¨rpkYkYŸkh fnlrkr-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 149 150n’kZu ?kM.kkjk gk e©fYkd nLrk,soth vkjlk vkgs- ;k vkj’kkrwuvki.kkal lektthoukph bFFkaÒwrekfgrh o dkj.kfeeklk ‘k¨/krk;srs- lq:okrhl dkgh vkfnoklh rMohps Eg.kh ps Lo:i c?kq ;k-v-Ø- rMoh Eg.kh rlps R;kaps ejkBh vFkZ1½ [kkokpa nkr vYkYkax vu fn[kkMokpa nkr vYkYkax ejkBh vFkZ&o:u pkaxYkk fnl.kkjk ijarw ekukrqu /kqrZ] pkYkd O;äh nü eq[koVsifj/kku dsYŸkk r aMkrjke vu cxY¨r lwjh vlk O;äh-2½ ?kjke>kj tkok vu Viwjk [kkok- ¼ejkBhr vFkZ ?kjkr [kk.¨fi.;klul.¨ ijarwckgsjP;k Yk¨dkaps c?k.¨ fopkj dj.¨½3½ [kkokYk ÒsVYkk ra uojk uk; ra [Ÿkokpk Òöjk ¼ejkBh vFkZ %t Ik;±r pkaxYkh ifjfLFkrhg¨rhrsOgk R;kaP;k toGp g¨rh ijarw iMrhpsokbZV fnol vkYöj rh eqY¨ ns[khYk vlwugh Lor%P;k vkbZ&ckikdMs fu?kwu xsYkh-½4½ dgw dkjY;kr nq/kkr ?k¨; dh rqikr dh l[[kj ek>aj?k¨; dMwph dMwp¼LoÒkoYkk v©”k/k ulrs- ,[kk|k LoÒkokYkk gk tlk vlr¨ rëjsi;±r rlkp jkgkr¨- fdrhgh pkaxYkh f’kdo.k fnYkh rjhgh R;kpkeqG okbZV LoÒko cnYkr ulr¨-5½ va/kh u~ xM ftadYkk o; ek; pkYkhu rOgk [kjk o ek;-¼,[kk|k QqVD;k ckbZYkk pkaxYkk uojk] lalkj YkkÒYkk rjh Òfo”;krghR;kpk gk pkaxYkk lalkj jkfgYk dh ukgh fdrir fVdsYk gs c?kk;psvkgs- ;k vFkkZus vkfnoklh óh;k ,[kk|k ckbZYkk Vëuk ekjrkaukEg.krkr-½6½ vk;ckbZ e>kj jkgw ns vu iko VqdMk [kkow ns ¼,[kk|k O;ähYkkusgehóh;kae/;s mB.¨ cl.¨ o okojvl.¨ usgeh ck;kae/;s jkg.kkjkvFkkZr ckbZYkosMk] px.;k O~;äh½7½ T;kbZ ?kjaduh;k¡ R;kbZ ?kj gTtkj nqfu;k¡ ¼T;k O;ähP;k ?kjhlqf’kYk] YkXuk t¨xR;k eqYkh vlY;koj R;kapsdMs vusd Yk¨d

vkfnoklh rMoh gh tekr gh fofo/k l.k] mRlo] ;k«kk] m:lknjE;ku vkuan¨Rlo lktjk djrkr- rMohps lok±xkus thoulj.kho pkYkhfjrh o brj vaxkpk vH;kl djrk rs lkaLÑfrd n”VÓkkle/n >kYkh vkgsr- R;kph Áeq[k Òk”kk ßrMohÞ gh ns[khYk e©f[kdLo:ikr fnlrs- ijarq vYkhdMs fYkihcÌ g¨r vkgs- gh vkuankphckc vkgs- rMohps e©f[kd lkfgR; gs ,dk fi<hiklwu nqlÚ;kfi<hi;±r fi<htkr i/nrhus i¨gpfoYkh tkr vlrs- rMohps thoukpk‘k /k ?¨.¨ R;kaps jkg.kheku R;kaps lkaLÑfrd thoun’kZu rlsp R;kapsvar%jaxkrhYk NVk bR;knh x ”Vhpk ‘k¨/k ?¨.¨ gh dkGkph xjt vkgs-;k vkfne tekrhpk lkaLÑfrd [kftuk gk igkMkae/;sp nMwu ujkgrk r¨ ckgsj dk<.;kps dke vktP;k uO;k jäkP;k lk{kj;qodkauh o vH;kldkauh rlsp la’k¨/kdkauh ‘k /kwu dk<.¨ph tckcnkjhleFkZi.¨ isYkwu gk [kftuk ckgsj dk<kok o txkle¨j vk.kkok rlspla’k /kdkalkBh fu/kh miYkC/kd:u |kok o jktkJ; nsowu Á Rlkgu |kos-

rMoh lekthoukrhYk dkgh ÁpfYkr Eg.kh( vkfnoklhrMohps e©f[kd Yk¨dlkfgR;krhYkdkgh ckcÈoj ;s.¨ uewn Áek.¨Ádk’k >¨r gk Vkd.;kpk gk ,d Ykgkulk Á;kl vkgs- dkghEg.kh ák v’YkhYk vlY;k rjh R;k Eg.kh ák vkfnoklhlektthoukps varjaxkps vfoÒkT; ?kVd vkgsr- ;krwu ,d osxGklans’k i¨gpfo.¨pk dke gs ;k lkekftd Eg.khrwu g¨r vlrkr-vkpk;Z v«¨ ;kauh EgVY¨ vkgs dh] ejkBh Òk”¨rhYk f’kO;k gs ejkBhÒk”¨ps oSÒo vkgs] uqlR;k f’kO;k ukghr rj Eg.kh] okD;Ápkj gsns[khYk oSÒo vkgs vkf.k rs xko¨xkoh iMohe/;s ‘¨rke/;s] ekt?kjkriMwu vkgsr dkj.k R;kaph fulxkZphukG gh rqVYkh ukgh- gk ,dlkaLÑfrd fjokt vkgs- t¨ ,dk fi<hiklwu nqlÚ;k i;±r r¨lgtp i¨gpr vlr¨- gk xzkeh.k] vkfnoklh thoukpk othoulkj.khpk ,d ?kVd vlwu R;krwu lekt eukps

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 151 15217½ fuLYkosYk jkaM u nkoYkh xkaM ¼cs’keZ óhYkk rlsp ifrrk óhYkkbTtrhph iokZ ulrs-18½ vk/kkjrkbZ ukna vu dkejh dkna] ck/ka ¼dkgh óhghojojukank;Ykk ;srs rlhp rh Ykodj fu?kwu tkrs ;k vFkkZu½19½ m[kk;k ik[kk; % nqlÚ;kcÌYk pqdhps okbZV lkax.¨ nqlÚ;kcÌYkvfrjaftri.¨ feBfejph Ykkowu lkax.¨-20½ vLlh dlh o¨ rhu gkaM;kaphmYkraua cqVdh ckbZ] cqVD;kgkMkP;k ckbZYkk ukao Bsorkauk Eg.krkr-21½ rq;k ck mlda vu~ rqbZ c Qqlda ¼xnkdk]Òkth f’ktorkuakvkYŸkk xndk] vfrmRlkgh O;ähl lac¨/ku½22½ rqYkrkP;k vu ekYkrkYk |kYk dqrjkYkk ?kky¼n¨?kkaP;k ÒkaM.kkr frlÚ;kpk Qk;nk] YkkÒ½23½ r aM dj ckrk vu xkaM [kk;s YkkFkk-¼Qä r¨Mkr t¨j vlYŸkk] cMcMÓkk okpGi.kk dj.kkjk O;äh½24½ v<h dq<h oa nsYYkh [kkYYkh oÏh¼ rh bdMph uOgrh] dqBYkh g¨rhd¨.k tk.¨] frYkk rsF¨p dqBs nsYkhvlsu fookfgrk ckbZ cÌYk Eg.krkr-25½ taxYk c; r¨ lckurkYk fn[kr¨ iu eu ck;r¨ r¨ dükYkrkYkiufn[kkr uk;-¼eukr nMYŸ;k Òkouk o eukrhYk vJw d¨.kkYkkgh dGr ulrkrijarq ojojps ÒkoÒkouk o fn[kkÅi.kk lxGÓkkP;k utjsr lgtpÒjr vlr ;k vFkkZus½26½ >o.kkÚ;kYkk >ow ns iu ÒY;k ekulkYkrkYk gkriu uk Ykkow ns-¼xzkeh.k o vkfnoklh óh;k gs ,[kk|k óh lgt mÌs’kqu Eg.krkrvFkkZr t¨ enr djr¨],suosGk enrhYkk /kkowu ;sr ] dkekYkk ;sr¨R;kps mi;¨xkr u ;s.¨ u iM.¨ ;k vFkkZus-½27½ ds;kpk miVu uk; vu~ eq;kapkuk’k

oji{kkdMhYk o/kw feGfo.;kdjrk tk.kkjp ;k vkFkkZus½8½ fgLlsnkj ikfgtsiu gqLlsnkjuk; ikfgts-¼vkiY;k dkgh pkaxYkikfgts vlsYk rj rs uez.¨ ekxw.k ?¨.¨ R;kaps ÁseiqoZd Lohdkj djkokt¨ O;äh vki.kkal dkgh nsr¨ R;kcÌYk gsok] frjLdkj] tGkowoÙkheukr fuekZ.k göw nsow udk] }s”k Òkouk eukr ulkoh ;k vFkkZus-½9½ xk;h /k¨bZdu dqŒ;kurkYk iktuk-

¼,[kk|k O;äh vkikj esgur djrïjarq R;kpk QG oQk;nk] YkkÒ gk nqljsp ek.kls mpYkr vlrkr- R;k O;ähYkkR;kP;k R;k bPNhr esgurhps d¨.krsgh QG ÁkIr g¨r ulrs-R;kP;k Á;Rukoj esgurhoj nqljs QqdVsp Yk¨d gs etk ekjhrvlrkr-10½ ftÙkkaphVkow ojYkkYk .kh [kk.kkjk-¼ek.klkauk YkqcM.kkjk] Bx] Ò¨GÓkkÒkcGÓkk O;äÈukBx.kkjk Qlfo.kkjkNkdVk] Yk¨Òh euq”;½11½ ekbZ eqäkapkYk¨Vk rqbZ ra-¼Qkjp [kjkc oG.kkpk uhp gYkdV O;äh] okbZV fopkj vkpkjkapkgYkdV O;äh½12½ gVdj vu ikVdj ¼fudgk d:u nqljh ?kjkr d:u vk.kYŸkhóh vFkkZu YkXukph ulYŸkhckbZ-13½vktpk u dkYkpk ckUMhph lkYkpk ¼ekxqu vkYkk vkf.k ‘kgk.kk >kYkk-

14½ lqnh u cq/nhpqYkkoj dqnh ¼Qq’kkjdh] gq’kkjh fejo.kkjk vôYkulYŸkk QkYkrw gq’kkjh nk[kfo.kkjk½15½ vkôk u Q¨dk lsuckbZ B¨dk ¼dkghgh dke/kank ;sr ul.kkjhuohu fookghr eqYkxh] uoo/kwvukMh eqYkxh½16½ fuLlosY;kph xkaMhoj >kM mxYkk Eg.ka clokYkrkYk lkÅugŸkh- ¼cs’keZ ukYkk;d] okbZV vkpkj fopkjkph ek.klkYkkekuejrckbTtrhph iokZ ulrs-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 153 15438½ xjhch ikfgtsi.k cnuf’kch uk; ikfgts-O;äh Jhear ulYkk rjh pkYŸk ijarq r¨ uf’kc ?öwu vkYŸkk ikfgts-rlsp r¨ deuf’kch ud¨ ikfgts-39½ xko c;s vu guqekuckck c¨ch p¨;s ¼vkYŸ;k ladVkYkklke¨js u tkrk e[[k clwu jkg.¨ fdaok xaer ikg.¨ fdaokfu”dkGthi.kkus d¨.krhgh rRijrk u nk[kork r’kh Ñrh dj.¨-40½ ikuh ns uk; rkg.Ÿk /kj¼enr djk;ph vlsYk rj dj ukghrj d: ud¨l½41½ xkoflo ga xkoesBÓkk ?kj ga r pqYgk ¼xkokxkaokP;k os’khojguqekuckckps nsÅG vkgs vu ?kj¨?kjh ekrhP;k pqYkh vkgsr-42½ dk[kr cPpk xkaoÒj f<M¨jk- ,[kknh x¨”V toG vlwughR;kdjhrk xkaoÒj foukdkj.k c¨cc¨c djr fQj.¨-43½ ukd [ktkoa udVhrkYk f[ktkoa-¼udVhps YkXu lMslkr fo?u udVhYkk ukdkoj c¨V Bsowu frl[kkthYk dj.¨ rlspfpMfo.¨-44½ rokojph esjh rxkjhojph rsjh ¼[kk|k x¨”Vhr nqljkis{kkojp<vl.;kps Òklfo.¨ opZLo fl/n dj.¨-45½ [kk.k r’kh ekrh dqaÒkj rlk Yk¨Vk¼’kq/n fctkikVh QG jlkG xëVh½46½ czEgkph js?k lVhpk v{kj d/kh pqdr uk;-¼uf’kckrhYk ?kVuk ?kMY;kokpwu pqdrukghr-½47½ fxjxhV jax cnYkr¨ iu vkiwYkh fQrjr uk;- LoÒkokYkkv©”k/k ulrs- fdrhgh pkaxY¨ vlY;kpk l ax dsY¨ rjh rs r¨Vdsp vlrs-

48½ vki eja uk; vu lkQ fn[ka uk;-¼esY;k f’kok; LoxZ fnlrukgh-49½ jkaM ga vu xkaoHkj fQj.kkjh lkaM ga¼fcudke/kankP;kckbZYkk o mukMdh djr fQj.kkjh ckbZ-½

¼egRokps dke dj.¨ l¨Mwu fjdkE;k o fcudkekph efu”kk o g©lckGx.¨-28½ ukpa dqana okanjhu [khj [kk;s Qfdj¼,[kk|kP;k dekbZojbrj laxsl¨;Ú;kauh etk e©t dj.¨½29½ xkaMk] vkbZ ikfgts i.k r aMk vkbZ uk; ikfgts- ¼Ñikoar >kYkhrjuf’kc ?kMosY voÑik >kYkh rj deuf’kch Bjf’kYk-30½ fÒYYkÒkbZ vu~ pkYkYka ?kkbZ ukgh xkMh r pYkY¨ iu ik;h-¼ejkBh vFkZ & lk/kulkeqxzh vlwugh R;kpk mi;¨x u djrkvkiYkk ;k eqG ijaijsuqlkj o fopkjuqkj okx.¨ o R;kuqlkj Ñrh ghvaeYkkr vk.k.ks vlk ;k Eg.khpk vFkZ vfÒÁsr vkgs-31½ cfg.khua ÒkÅrkYk v¨VhrYŸkk ¼cfg.k fgus vkiY;k ÒkÅpheqYkxh vkiYk eqYkkoj lwu Eg.kwu ?kjkr vk.k. -½32½ dkekpk uk /kkekpk ‘¨jÒj vuktkpk&vk;r[kkÅ ?kjkr dkgh,d dke/kank u djrk fjdkek clwu jkg.kkjk-33½ tOgk lklk rOgk iÖgkGk-¼T;k osGsYkk dke vlsu R;k osGsYkk r;kjhYkk Ykkxw-34½ xkaMhdu [kMa mpYkuk-¼vMp.khrwutk.¨ rlsp foijhr ifjfLFkrhrwu ekxZØe.k dj.¨-35½ ej.kkjkph r¨Mke>kj ekVh vu thR;kphr aMkr j¨Vh-¼t¨ i;±r thou vkgs] rï;±r tx.;kph /kMiM vkgs- esY;kojloZdkgh ‘kwU;-36½ p¨jkph gkaMh fldkoj p<r uk;-¼p¨jh dsYŸkkekYk gk tkLr dkG fVdr ukgh- rlssp okbZV dekpZ QGns[khYk gs okbZVp vlrs-37½ foapwpk fcBkj ikBhoj¼okjaokj vkiYkk jfgokl fBdk.kk cnYk.¨- ,sdk fBdk.kh vf/kd dkGokLrO; u dj.¨ vkiY¨ ?kj okjaokj cnYkr jkg.¨-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 155 15663½ ekák fldYkk vu~ x/kMkoj ÒqdYkknqlÚ;kps ,Sdwu fo’okl Bsowu R;kÁek.¨ pqdhps okx. ] O;ogkj dj. -64½ Qfdjkik’kh Qfdj xsYkk vu Nkrh >¨Mh >¨Mhdu ejYkk-Xkjhc O;äh dMwu ,[kkn;kus vokLroi.¨ enrhpk vis{kk ckGxqu Bso.¨-

65½ dkppa e.kh ns[k ja /kuh eS dSls cuh] [k VÓkk ekujrkukfejfo.ks] >wBh ‘kku’k©dri.kk :rck fejfo.¨-66½ x;kpk gkj cuh tkuk] ¼tcjnLrhus ,[kk|kP;k ?kjh esgekucuwu] ikgq.¨ g¨.¨ foukdkj.k «kkl ns. -½67½ nxMkYkrky YkkFk ekjhu ra ikuh dk<hu& leFkZoku vl.¨-d¨.kR;kgh Álax thoukr vkY¨ rj R;kYkk lke¨js tk.¨-68½ vôYk cMh dh ÒSl cMh ¼cq/nh is{kk Js”B vls txkr dkgh ukgh-½

69½ [kjk flôk dqdMa iu~ pkYkr¨- ¼gq’kkjh o d©’kY; ÁkIr O;ähvkiY;k pkaxqYki.kkewGs thoukr d¨Bsgh lQYk g¨rkr-70½ vaxkoj ekl u lR;kukl [kkowu [kkowu ekt.¨-71½ okanjkph dY¨tkpk-¼[kqulh ÁoÙkhpk csjge O;äh½72 ½ EgSghl tura vu~ gsYkkph xkaM QkVra ¼nqlÚ;kps gkYk c?kwu?kkcj.¨] nqlÚ;kph Qftrh c?kwu ?kke QqV.¨½73½ jkaM eja ,dn’kh lrh eja rxM;k?k’kh- ¼ifrozrk óh ghvXuhifj{kk nsr ej.k ikors- rj okbZV óh pkaxY;kÁdkjs ejrs-74½ tlh dj.kh rlh Òj.kh- ¼t¨ tls iki iq.; djsYk rls R;kYkkQG ÁkIr g¨bZYk-½75½ dj uk; R;kYkrkYk Mj uk;- ¼,[kkns ÑR; dsY¨ ulsYk rj R;kphd¨.krhgh fÒrh eukr ul. -½76½ r aMkbZ cdjh xkaM [kk;s dq«kh ¼ ok;QG cGcG d:unqlÚ;kpk ekj [kk.kkjh ckbZ½-77½ fn;k [kkYka va/kkj- ¼mtsM ns.kkÚ;k fnokP;k [kkYkh va/kdkjvlr¨- ?kjpk pkaÒkj vuok.kh-½

50½ T;k ckbZpk ?kjkr fpr rapk lalkjkr thr&lalkjkr je.kkjheqYkxhpk lalkj ns[khYk lq[kkpk g¨rks-51½ tkokbZpk i¨j vu gjke[k¨j] i¨Vpk i¨jxk dkekr ;sr¨ tkokbZpk ukgh-

52½ Y¨dck; ukanYkh ra cjh uk; ra ejYkhracjh egsjps ukao deorkukghvkYka rj v’kh eqYkxh esY¨Ykh cjh-53½ Òxrhupk QqYk ckjk ofjlp fVdor¨-okbZV ifjfLFkrhgh tkLr dkGk ikosrks r’khp jkgr ukgh- pkaxY¨ fnol ;srkrp-

54½ jkguk gqbZu ra m[kGYkk Eg.khdu jkgk&lxG;kps nq%[k] nnZ]oBsoYk R;k ifjfLFkrhr x¨G ekuwu thou tx.¨-55½ lcpht [kkYkYkh ,d pht uk; [kkYkYkh ra dkgh fc?kMr uk;-,[kk|k oLrqpk R;kx d:u vktUe R;kokpwu leZfir thou tx. -56½ gÙkh tk; cktkj dq«ka Òqda gTtkjdeZ djr jkg.¨ foj¨/kdkph rek ckGxw u;snqYkZ{k dj.¨-57½ vkiYkk Y¨d: ekaMhoj gkaxYkk ra ekaMh dkVhdu QsdR;k uk;-Ykgku ckYkdkP;k pqdk injkr ?¨.¨-58½ ,d u ,d fnu m[kGYkkph n’kk ikYkVokfcxj jkgr uk;-okbZV fnol tkowu pkaxY¨ fnol ;srkrp-59½ M¨bZpk ckYk rqVYkk xqgkr iM dh eqrkr iM&,[kk|k x ”VhpkvR;ar frjLdkj okV.¨-60½ xkaMhpk x¨[kYkk djhdu clkukfcudkekps jkg.¨] dkj.k ulrkauk fjdkes jkgjs] vkG’khi.kk-61½ e¨Bk ?kkl [kkok iu cMh ckr uk; djkok-Ykgku x ”V djkoh] ijarq c<kbZ~ ek: u;sQq’kkjdh d: u;s] ek: u;s-62½ fgtMk >okMa vu~ in:u [kokMa¼,dk|kP;k d”Vkus dekoY¨Y¨ feGdrhP;k fjdkeVsdMÓ;k Yk¨dkauhmiÒ¨x ?¨. -½

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 157 15892½ eaqxh cuhdu lk[kj [kkok] gÙkhcuhdh du YkkdM uk; Q¨Mok-uezrk] lfg”.kqrk] /kkj.k d:u tx ftadrk ;srs- cYk’kkYkh cuwu‘k«kqRop ÁkIr g¨rs-93½ lQsn diMa f[kl [kkYkh uaxkpk FkkV Òkjh] uohu diMs ?kkYkquojoj /kuoku Òklkfor fQj. ] fjdkeVsdMh ‘kku fejfo.¨-94½ T;k ja YkoMk xkaM ekjhdu ;s] fcudkekpk O;äh-95½ T;kpk [kkok R;kbZ ued gYkkYkh djok] oQknkjh] bekunkjhnk[kfo.¨-96½ i¨Vkr lqvjpk ckYk gük- ¼ csbZeku O;äh] /kdsckt] vfo’oklw½97½ igsYkk oVhpk Y¨d: cj¨cjhpk ra nqljk Y¨d: ?kj¨?kjhpk-98½ tUekYkk vkYŸ¨ ifgY¨ viR; vkbZ ofMYkkpk lgkjk] dekorkt¨xr¨ g¨r¨- rj Ykgku eqYkxk gk YkkGkpk fcudkekpk vlr¨- ;k vFkkZus-

99½ fjdkek oMk eqgWe>kj iMk [kk.kkjkpk :ckc cMk- ¼vk;r[kkÅ] vkG’kh] ?kjdke dj.kkjk-½100½ <kaxs;rkYk xkÒu vu xkÒ.krkYk <kaxs;] ukao Bso.kkjh ckbZ-,[kk|kYkk Vëuk ek:u YkkNu ns.¨ Bso.¨-101½ dq.kkph r aMkr ?khowpk oMk ra dq.kkph r aMkr iRFkj iMk-¼d¨.kkph thoukr [kwi dkgh feGrs rj d¨.kkYkk dkghp feGr ukgh-102½ /kukojpk ukx ¼,dkp fBdk.kh clwu jkg. ] ?kjd¨cMk½103½ r aMkbZ cdjh xkaM [kk;s dqrjh-¼ok;QG cMcM d:u brjkauk «kklYkk dkj.khÒwr g¨.kkjh óh-½104½ m/kGkpk x/kMk djh nsYkk-¼ ojoj dkepYkkÅ dke d: u ns. -105½ gM u x; iMa ¼/kwrdkjY;kuarj lq/nk YkxkaVi.kk djr toGdhlk/kkj.kk O;äh-½106½ YkkGa YkkGa gsYkxk vkYkk] rkd isokYkrky dkek vkYkk-¼pepsfxjh dj.kkÚ;k O;ähYkk egRo nsowu YkkGowu Bso.¨- fcudkekpkjkg. ] f’k{k.k u ?¨rk vMk.kh jkg.¨] Áxrh u lk/krk xjhc jkg. -½

78½ e;k ekrYkk ra ekrYkk R;kbZlax ?kqx:liu ekrYkk ¼e¨Bhek.klkps okx. ] cŸk.¨ c?kwu Ykgku i¨ja ns[khYk vuqdj.k d:igkrkr-½79½ ns[kflj[kh ‘kgk.kk gŸkk- ¼nqlÚ;kps c?kqu cq/nheku] gq’kkjh ;s. -80½ l© cdk ,d fYk[kk- ¼r aMh cÿ.;kis{kk dkxnkoj Y¨[khdsYŸ¨ dsOgkgh cjs½81½ glhdu nkr ikMuk ¼nqljkph Qlxr ikgqu gl.¨½82½ ckbZ ga dh pkj ik;kph x/kMh ga ¼laiw.kZ xkaokr dkj.k ulrkaukfQj.kkjh óh½83½ thR;kkiuh uk; x¨Mh ejh xsY;koj ca/ku r¨Mh ftoar vlrkaukfopkjiwl dsYkh ukgh- ijarq esY;koj lkaRouk |ko;kl ;s.¨-84½ xkaM /k bZdu d<h djuk- ¼dtqli.kk½ ud¨ rsF¨ dkVdljdj.¨ rls okx.¨-85½ düa lükph ljhYŸkhr ra n¨jkph Qk’kh fYkbZdu uk; ejok]gok ckGxw u;s-86½ iksVkoj Òkdj cka/kYkh ra Òw[k tkr uk;- ¼T;k iS’kkus ÒkdjfeGr ulsYk rj R;k /kukp dk; mi;¨x-½87½ cankpk [kqVh tk; iu~ vYYkkpk lj uk;] ek.klkaph dsYŸkhenr gh dkgh dkGkiqjrh vlrs- ijarq ijes’ojkph Ñik lnSovlrs-88½ xkaMhoj bZpw MklGuk-& YkXuk t¨xrs o; g¨.¨] oj c?k.;kllq:okr dj.¨-89½ T;kapk u’khc dja t¨j R;kapk dqank [k.ka p¨j] u’khc cYkoÙkjrj loZdkgh lqQG o pkaxY¨ deZ fuR;kus ?kMrkr-90½ ?kjph djra nsok nsok vu~ ckgsjph Egra p¨bZ f’kok- &?kjkP;kck;d¨ph lalkjkr enr u djrk nqlÚ;kps c?k.¨-91½ vk/kh ckbZua nsYkh Òj mcoa M¨djh uojk dj ,[kk|kps ,Sdq.k rls okx.¨-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 159 160121½ lrjkph ek; u [kkVYkkoj tho tk;¼eqYkackGa vlwugh csokjL;k lkj[¨ ej.k;s. -½122½ x¨xYk xk; vu~ i¨Vkr ik;- xjhc LoÒko nk[kowu eukus dkGk] diVh O;äh-123½ Y¨dhpk lalkj fnYkpk dk;-eqYkxhpk lalkjkph usgeh vkbZckiYkk dkGth okV.¨-124½ lkjk xkao ekekpk ,d i¨Ú;k uk; dkekpk-fcuYkk;dhps] ukYkk;d v©Ykkn-125½ lor ikgsts iu lorhpk tkgkj uk; i¨gsts-Lkko«k okx.kwd pkYŸk ijarq okbZVkph laxr ud¨-126½ i¨;k vu~ nso gŸkk Ò¨;k]& x¨M ek.klkaP;k oj ijes’ojkphusgeh Ñik vlrs- Ò¨Gk O;ähoj nsokph Nk;k vlrs-127½ [kk;h [kk;h xkaMhYk gkr iqluk-ekt. ] m/kGiÍh dj.kkjs O;äh-128½ oj oj cdÚ;k pjkouk-Dke pYkkÅ ojoj nk[kow dkedkt dj.¨-129½ manjkrkYk ÒsVkYkk fpa/k: gkr: dh ia?k:-¼,[kk|kYkk xjtsis{kk tkLr feG. ]vis{kk is{kk tkLr ÁkIr g¨.¨]ekt. ] xoÊ”B i.kkph Òkouk g¨.¨-rMohps lkekftd Yk¨dthou o Yk¨dxk.kh %

vkfnoklh rMoh tekrhe/;s R;kaps lkaLÑfrd thoulj.khrYk dxk.kh gk Ádkj Yk dfÁ; vkgs- fofo/k Álaxhgs Yk¨dxhrs xk;Ykhtkrkr- vkfnoklhps thoukr fof’k”V vkuan¨RlokP;k dkGkr ;kYk dxhrkauk vkiY¨ ,d osxGh v¨G[k vkgs- gs Yk dxhrs fof’k”Vvkfnoklh rkYkkoj o xs;rsÁek.¨ o vkfnoklh oka|koj EgVYkhtkrkr-gh Yk dxk.kh] Yk¨dxhrs] e©f[kd Lo:ikr vlYkh rjh rh ijaijsuqlkj,dk fi<hiklwu rs nqlÚ;k fi<hi;Zr ,d lkaLÑfrd Bsok Eg.kwu

107½ ekgsjpk dq«kk iu~ njoktkoj vkYkk ra thoYkxr¨-¼vkiYkla okV. ] vkiqYkdh] lgkuwÒrh tkxr g¨. -½108½ ek.kwl ns[khdu cŸk ekjok vu~ >kM ns[khdu ?kko ekjok-¼ lkaÒkGwu cŸk.¨] okbZV&lkbZV cŸkqu d¨.kR;kgh O;ähps eu nq[kow u;s½

109½ mcxsYk xkSjh xsYkh lorhP;k ekgsjh lorhua ukgh nsYkk ikuhra eqrkua UgkYkh- ¼vk’kkph fujk’kk injkr iM. -½110½ x¨M x¨M cŸkh Bïj lŸkh-¼ x¨G cŸ;k O;äh] ercYkh O;äh] dkekiqjrk ekek-½111½ ekjsYk ?kko feVh tkr¨ iu~ cŸŸk ?kko feVr uk;-¼,[kk|kYkk okbZV cŸkwu R;kps eu nq[kfo. -½112½ T;kpk ÒYkk djok ra R;kpk ?kj [k ok- ¼,dk|kP;k vMp.knwj dj.;kojgh r¨ O;äh dkekr u ;s. ¼vglku Qjke©l½113½ vM u x;a iM¼vMwu cl.¨] etcwjhpk Qk;nk mpYk. -½114½ ?kjkpk /kuhp dke;hu ¼ekYkdp dkekr ;s. -½115½ u;krYkk lki mcxYkk ra ÒkÅ dMs tkr -& ÒkokYkk ÒkokphvkBo.k ;s.¨-116½ gkaxh gkaxh Òja nsoMh uk l¨Ma-¼?kjkr clwu jkg.kkjk] ?kj u l¨M.kkjk] ?kjd¨cMk½117½ pV.khP;k x¨;k [kk;js j¨ák] QqVd M¨;k-¼dke/kank u dj.kkjk] vk;r[kkÅ O;ähl Vë.kk ejrkauk½118½ xkaMhrky g;n Ykxkouk ¼ YkXukt¨xrs o; g¨.¨ YkXuklkBhiq<s ;s.ks-½119½ vaxqBhojiu eqrokP;k uk;-¼Fk¨Mhlq/nk enr djk;kYkk iq<s ;sow u;s-½120½ ik.;kr dkBh ekjYkh ra ikuh Qkdr uk;-¼jäkaps ukrs laca/k fdrhgh nqjkok vkYkk rjh laca/k gs rqVr ukgh ;k vFkkZus-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 161 162dkGkr ekuokYkk ekuok’kh t¨M.kkjh ,d egkekuokph vkfnetekr vkg s- rlsp ;k ap s laiw.k Z thoukpk lkdY;kusln~ln~foosdcq/nhuq:i fopkj djrk rlsp ekuorkoknh fopkjlj.khrwufopkj djrk vktP;k [kjh ek.kqldhps n’kZu ?kMfo.kkÚ;k vkfnetekrh vkgsr- ;kr d¨.kh ‘kadk ?¨.¨ps dkj.kp mjr ukgh vls eYkkEg.kko;kl okVrs-

-vktP;k 21 O;k ‘krdkYkk furkar xjt vkgs rhEg.kts’kkarrk],dïkph rlsp fo’oca/kqRokph ák vkfnoklh tekrhr ;k fopkjkapsn’kZu ?kMrkauk o ek.kqldhps n’kZu gs ;k tekrh Lor%P;k vkpkjk.kkrwunsowu ;k vkfne tekrh vktP;k lH; ekuokYkk varZeq[k dj.;klck/n djr vkgs- Eg.kwup vkt txkrhYk vusd cq/nhthoh oekuorsYkk Js”B eku.kkjs fopkjoar] lekt’kkóK] la’k¨/kd] vH;kldgs ;k vkfne tekrhuk ouoklh o fxjhtu u Eg.krk gs ;kÒwrYkkojhYk ,d egkekuokaP;k tekrh vkgsr- gs fufoZokni.¨ ekU;djr vkgs-Dkgh Yk¨dxhrkpk vki.k [kkYkh uewn Áek.¨ vkLokn ?öw ;k-Yk¨dxhrs

1½ gs Yk dxhrs YkXu lekjaÒkP;k osGh xk;Ykh tkrkr-uewnxhrkYkk- xks;l¨;uh YkXuxhr EgVY¨ tkrs- ;k Yk dxhrkOnkjs eR;qikoYŸ;k ukrsokbZd] laxsl¨;Ú;kauk vkea«k.k ns.;kr ;srs- R;kpcj¨cj nSoh nsork o ihjoYkh ;kukgh uSork vkea«k.k nsowu gs xhrsxk;yh tkrs-2½ fu; fu;a x;oafuoa xgw l¨;oauwru ?kj l¨;oaoa fgjkckbZ fuoark ;soa[kaMsjko] Òokuh ek; rw fuork ;soaoa ihj ckck taxYkh] ihj rq fuoark ;so‘kknh ?kj fuork ;soao¨ ek; ek; euqnsoh fuork ;soa

lgti.¨ i¨gpoYkh tkrkr- o ;s.kkjh ÁR;sd fi<h rs vkRelkrdjhr vlwu Bsok lgti.¨ tru dsYkk tkr - ;kr ‘kadk ukgh- gk,d lkekftd ifjos”k vkgs- vkfnoklh thoulj.khpk lkaLÑfrde©fYkdrspk vfoÒkT; ?kVd vkgs- [kkYkhuewn Áek.¨ Yk¨dxk.kh ghrMoh tekrhr fnlwu ;srkr-1½ lVoh iqtukph Yk¨dxk.kh2½ vaxkbZ rFkk ckG tUeYk¨dxk.kh3½ vk[kkthP;k osGph >qYkkxk.kh-4½ YkXukrhYk Yk dxk.kh-5½ YkXukrhYk FkÍkeLdjhph Yk dxk.kh-6½ vkuan¨RlokrhYk Yk duR;klg xk;Ykh tk.kkjh Yk dxk.kh-7½ fulxZ Yk¨dxk.kh ¼Òj?k¨l ihds vkYöj vkuan O;ä dj.kkjh xk.kh-8½ _rq xk.kh ¼ fofo/k _rqP;k dkGkr xk;Ykh tk.kkjh xk.kh-½9½ ‘k dxhrs ¼eR;q >kYöj EgVYkh tk.kkjh vFkkZr df’kns okpu½

-v’kk Ádkjs vkfnoklh rMohP;k thoulj.khr Yk¨dxhrsgh xk;Ykh tkrkr- ;k Yk¨dxhrkauk,d ifjÒk”kk o vkiY¨ Lora«kvls vf/k”Bku vkgs- gs Yk¨dxk.kh e¨B;k Áek.kkr ‘k¨/kw ?öwu rhfYkihc/n dj.¨ gh dkGkph xjt vkgs- rlsp Òkjrh; lkaLÑfrd[kftU;kr ;keqGs le/nh ;sbZYk-R;keqGs ;k vkfne tekrhps var%jaxkrhYkckcÈoj Ádk’k ikM.;kr enr g¨bZy- vkfne tekrhpk ovkfnoklhaph tekrhpk lkaLÑfrd thou n’kZu nk[kfo.kkjk r¨ ,dvkjlk vkgs- vls EgVY;kl vfr’kähg¨.kkj ukgh vls ek>s ervkgs- ;k xhrkae/kqu ;k vkfne tekrhps Áfrfcac ;k vkj’kkrmeVrkauk vki.kkal fnlrkr-

,danj ;k vkfne tekrhps thoulj.kh o lkaLÑfrd thoun’kZu c?krk rlsp R;kphbZ’ojkph dYiuk o /kekZph R;kauhdsYŸkhdYiuk fulxkZYkk nSor ekuwu iqt.kkjh gh vkfne tekr th vktP;k

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 163 164fpMh ljdh mMh xsYkhT;kph g¨rh R;kua usYkhvkiqYkh ek;k ok;k xsYkhjru ljdh tru dsYkhckiq ns[kr Og¨rk ckjkrquc ns[kr Og¨rh f[kMdhrquT;kph g¨rh R;kua usYkhvkiqYkh ek;k ok;k xsYkhjru ljdh tru dsYkhfpMh ljdh mMh xsYkhÒkÅ ns[kr¨ ckjkrqucfg.k ns[kar f[kMdhrquT;kph Og¨rh R;kua usYkhvkiqYkh ek;k ok;k xsYkhjru ljdh tru dsYkhfpMh ljdh mMh xsYkh-

v’kk Ádkjs ojhYk fookg xhrkae/kqu uoo/kwP;k o frP;kvkbZ ofMYkkaP;k eukrhYk ?kkYkesGhps Òkouk Á/kku;qä eufLFkrhpsfp«k.k dsY¨Y¨ vkgs- rlsp ;k fookg xhrkae/;s uojnso uojhP;keaMGhph ;qod&;qorh gs FkÍk&eLdjh ns[kh djrkr- ,dhdMsvkuan¨Rlo o uoo/kwYkk fcnkfxjhpkl¨gGk ikj ikMYkk tkr¨- uoo/kwpk eSf«k.kh] vkbZ oMhYk] ÒkÅ cfg.k ;kaps Òkofud ca/k ;k osGhlqVr¨ o ,d vfr’k; Òkofud okrkoj.k fufeZrh >kYkhvlrs-lnj Álaxh gh fookgxhrs Ákeq[;kus xk;Ykh tkrkr-

7½ vk[kkthpk cka/kYkk o >qYkk] thtkckbZ oa vk[kkth] fnokbZlgk efgua o thtkckbZ A vk[kkthpk] fnokbZ lgk efgu o fttkckbZvk[kkthpk cka/kYkk o >qYkk thtkckbZ AA oa ekekph xkaow tkow f’k[kj.k

Yk ukpk[kMk] lqikjh/kjkfu;a fu;a x;oa] fu xgqph l¨;oa2½ rsYk js rsYk rsYkkph/kkjfuacqq iM oa ek; ;k uojhojrsYk js rsYk rsYkkph /kkjfuacq e¨rh iM o ek; ;k uojnsokoj3½ uanrkYk xgsjk cMk iqj bZYkkiibZ okgr pYkY;k grhiibZ okgr pYkY;k Og¨r fldanj ÒkbZ YkMr mÒkgauanrkYk xgsj cMk iqj bZYkkcktk]isVh] rcYkk] oktkGr cjkr bZ Ú;kYkh gauojhrkYk lax fYkbZdu tk.kkj gauanrkYk xgsjk cMk iqj bZYkkiibZ okgr pYkY;k ga-4½ Ò: ;k MCck tkow ;k uane>kajUakne>kaj xgsjh ?kk.k ;k cqMD;krkYk]lkQ djokYk Ykkow;kÒ:;k MCck tkow ;k uane>kjuane>kj xgsjh ?kk.k ;k ojkR;karkYk lkQ djokYk YkkowÒ: ;k MCck tkow ;k uane>kj5½ fldsYk i¨Ú;kYk; fn[kRo¨ xqaMk Agkeph uojhph ck dMwu ekaxko¨ gqMkclokYk ekaxa ikV] Òkdj [kkokYk ekxa rkVfldsYk i¨Ú;kYk; fn[kRo¨ xqaMk AA /k AAck u iYkax nsYkk] xknhÒh nsYkho:u ekax r¨ Ásekph xk.kh AA2AA6½ jru ljdh tru dsYkh

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 165 166lkt¨jh [kkow o thtkckbZ A [¨rkr taxYkkr ik[kjkaok.kh mMw ofttkckbZ vk[kkth] fnokbZ lgk efgu o thtkckbZ AA

8½ ekYk vGGY;kph cGG;k % nsYkh Og¨rh ek;] ekYkkrkYklkMh ch usrk ;sr uk; Ogkoh o ek; A ekYk xgq ch isjrk ;sr uk;Og¨rh o ek; A ekgh lklw ch t.kw ek;h c ljdhek; ek;k lkljkcht.kw ekák ckiwt o ek; ekYk xgsjh e;k Ykkor Og¨rk o ek;ekYk vGG;kph cGG;k nsYkh Og¨rh ek;

9½ vk;hd ckbZ ckiq ua ukanhYk] k ukxjh?kVÓkkdu ‘kknh ekbZYkxkoYkh kk [¨rkr r¨ tkr¨ ukxjhd o[kjhdu Ro¨ ;sr¨ isjokphij[kekYkrky djokYk Ykkor¨ k vk;hd ckbZ ckiq u uknhYk AA

10½ eu dk e¨R;kaua pqcYk oa ek; A oj ek; ekVhph xkxjoa ek; u rVh ek; ik; x;k ihlYkk oa ek; u ?kj ek; lklwuk >qYkkYko ek; u ?kja uk ?kjs uk ?kqekus o¨ ek; ekYkrkYk eu Ykxkoa o¨ Ykxkoaekgsj uk okVs o¨ okVs oa ek;11½ taxYke>kjhYk fVV¨jh fVo&fVo dj A taxYk c;Ykk pkj dqMh [kkowtaxYk e>ajhYk fVV¨jh fVofVo dj A taxYk c;Ykk [k ik dq<h d:taxYke>kjhYk fVV¨jh fVofVo djA [k ikt cbZ xsYkk roak vkaM;kdq<h /k:

taxYke>kajhYk fVV¨jh fVofVo djA leanj vVVkYkk ikuh dq<h fiow[kïkt c;Ykk cPNk] dq<h dBkGw taxYke>kjhYk fVV¨jh fVo fVo djAA12½ vja ekYkk tehu [kkYkh ca A YkxkbZ ns QqYkkaph MkYkh AAnsYkk iSdk mMkokYk A nsYkh lk;dYk pYkkokYkvja ekYkk tehu [kkYkh oa A YkkxYkh o B¨dj iMYkh e¨Vj AAmpYkrk dk; Og¨rk Og¨rk uknku A vja ekYkh tehu [kkYkh

v’kk rÚgsus fofo/k Ykdxhrkae/kwu vkfnoklh rMoh tekrhP;kvarZ%eukrhYk fofo/k NVkaoj Ádk’k iMr¨ gs Yk¨dxhrs rMohpsthoulj.khps ,d vfoÒkT; ?kVd rjvkgsrp fdacgquk rh rMohpslkaLÑfrd thoukps Áfrd ns[khYk vkgsr- gk nLr,sot tiYkk xsYkkikfgts- ladYkukcj¨cjp r¨ fYkihc/n e¨B;k Áek.kkr >kYkk ikfgts-‘kknh fcnkbZ xhr %&

csVh A vuok.kh dkÒjk pYkYkh oa Ackokpk vkxau lwuk djhdu pYYkh oa AAcsVh ! eka d¨ :Ykkds pYYkh oa AcsVh A vuok.kh dkÒjk pYYkh oa AAcsVh]dkdk]ekekpk ?kj lwuk iMYkk oacsVh A vuok.kh dkÒjk pYYkh oa AAlkr tuekpk ukrk r¨Mhdu dkÒjk pYYkh oaxkao iu?kV l[kh;k l¨Mhdu dkÒjk pYYkhoa AÒkbZ&cgu a dk I;kj Y¨dj pYkYkh oa AcsVh A vuok.kh dkÒjk pYYkh oackokdk vkaxu lwuk djhdu pYYkh oa AcsVh nü dq;kapk dqYknsohpkekgsjpk Aukao j¨’ku djok djrkrw pYYkh oacsVh vuok.kh dkÒjk pYYkh oa AA

Yk¨dxhrs %&eaMok Nk;k js A lükiguk;js A>katk ctk;k js A ÒkbZrsjk vthr tSlk AAÒkokt rsjh gflukjs A u;u a esa dktYk Ykxk;k js AAeaMok Nk;k js A lük iguk;k js AA>katkctk;k js A ukd es e¨rh eq[kMk fiuk;kjs AA

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 167 168egknso n;k lVoh ek; oa AAckGkaP;k tuek uarj 5 fnolkauhlnjpk fo/kh fjokt d:u gs Yk dxhr vktgh rMoh fÒYYk lektkr ÁpfYkr vkgs-rMoh ‘k¨d xhrs ¼df’kns½ %&f[knerscki eka dh jtk ns‘kek mYQr dh fnYk es txk nsftlus ek cki d¨ N¨M cSBkle>¨ mdck d¨ gS N¨M cSBkusfd;¨ dk tgka N¨M cSBkvius fdjnkj d¨ N¨V dj cSBkxgjs ftanxh muijYkqVknsnw/k lLrk ugÈ eka dk ;kj¨viuh nqfu;k cuh bls ls ;kj¨viuh tér d¨ [k uk uk ;kj¨jgers gu dh [k uk uk ;kj¨buds dne¨ es nqfu;k YkqVk nscki eka d¨ e¨gCcr d¨ tku¨uÅ efgus ds x¨ls d¨ tku¨fdruh rdYkhQ eka d¨ gqbZ gStku dh ckth Ykxkus d¨ tku¨fnYk d¨ nfj;k feYkk ns

2½ jkr fnu Yk fj;k ;w lqYkk;k¡fuan lw[k pSu lc dqN xok;k¡Òwdh [kqn jges f[kYkk;k¡nq%[k gdhxr us eka us mBk;kviuk fdjnkj muij YkqVk ns

ÒkbZ uthjtSlk js A cgu uqru tSlh js AAeaMok Nk;k js A >katk ctk;k js AAckiw eka dk fnYk lkFkg¨dj mM pYkh js AAcsVh A ?k¨lYkkl¨M pYYkh jseaMok Nk;k jsl¨uk iguk;k js A >katk ctkjk js A

rMoh ¼YkXukrhYk xk.kh½ %&dk;k ?k¨Mk lqVYkk jalojYkk eYkrkYk eMds?;k Ykodjh Nk;k[kkYka Yk;dk;k ?kksMk Fkjdkiw YkxYkkeYkrkYk eMds ?;k Ykodjh

rMoh YkXukrhYk FkVk eLdjhrhYkxk.kh %&d¨.kkoj x/kMw Òqdrs ;stSrwu ÒkÒhoj x/kMw Òqdr;sVkdh ns NhukYk YkYkdkjhnsfnu fudk;Ykk jf>jfeÚ;k mxkbZYkkjsekaMok ?kjph fQdh fQdhnk; ik.kh ik.kh djhdunkr ns bpdhdu ¼247½rMoh ¼lVoh iqtukphxk.kh½ %&lVoh ek; oa A lgknso Y;k AAegknso n;k A eg¨no n;k AA

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 169 170ckxs fnYk ij deh ns xbZ gSdcz esa vkt o¨ l¨ jgh gS;s [kqnk tkus D;k g¨ jgk gS‘kkus xe csclh g¨ xbZ gS A4½ ;w r¨ tér es lc dgh efguk ugÈv©j tér es v¨ [kqn e©tqn gS Av¨ vcq cØ Qk:d mLeku vYkh;s lc gS fnu uch ds Qdhjv¨ Qfdj¨ ds vQlj’kgs vafc;kv¨ ‘kgsa’kkg efnus es e©twn gS AgS utj es tekY¨ gchcs [kqnk Aftudh rLohj flues e©tqn gS A

cki us esgurhls dek;keka us Ykqdek cuk ds f[kYkk;kvius j¨us ls fnYk d¨ tYkk;kg¨ ijs’kku xe d¨ mBk;kcTes b’kn es budh uQk nsftlus gS ek ds fnYk d¨ nq%[kk;k¡ftlus gS cki frYkeYkk;kle>¨ nqfu;k es nq%[k nnZ ik;k[kqn dh U;k;er¨ d¨ xok;k¡adqN r¨ baUlkfu;r d¨ nqvk nseka us iSxcj¨ d¨ iSnk fd;k gSblus vkne d¨ mapk fd;k gSntkZ bUlkfu;r dk fn;k gSvPNhckr¨ls fnYk d¨ Òjk gSD;awuk fcfLeYYkkg dh nqvk¡ nsf[kners cki eka dh jtk nsjkEek mYQr dh fnYk es txk ns3½ ?kj dh jkSud dtk Y¨ xbZ gSmez Òj dh xeh ns xbZ gSftdlsne ij ;k ?kj esa mtkYkkftlds ukt¨ ls ;k geus ikYkkNhudj o¨ [kq’kh Yks xbZ~ gScgu ÒkbZ dk Òh I;kj NqVkfj’rk ek cki dk vkt VqVk;kn fnYk es jg xbZ xbZ gSdSls xqtjhgS fnYkij vtht¨vka[k j¨rh gS] dgdj vftt¨

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 171 172xjhcuokt [oktk eqbZuqÌhu fp’rh ¼b-l-1142 rs 1236½%&

lqQh laiznk;krhYk ÒkjrkrhYk lokZr ÁÒkoh fp’rh;k laiznk;eqYkr % bjkde/;s mn; ikoYkk- laiw.kZ Òkjrh; mi[kaMkr T;kapkÁÒko iMYkk] vls [oktk eqbZuÌhu fp’rh b-l-1142 e/;s latj¼ikf’kZ;k½ ;sF¨ tUeY¨- ÒkjrkrhYk R;kaP;k vkxeukcÌYk bfrgkldkjkae/;s mYkVlqYkV ers vkgsr- ‘kgkcqÌhu ?k jhYkk Òkjrkpk ekxZ nk[ko.;klkBh[oktkWlkgsc vtesjYkk vkY¨] gs v’kk i/nrhus lkafxrY¨ tkbZYk vlsukgh] rj Òkjrh;kae/;s R;kaP;kcÌYk er dYkqf”kr dsY¨ tkbZYk-dkgh bfrgkldkj Eg.krkr %

vehj [kqnZ ;kauh fljk:Yk v©fYk;k e/;s eqfLYkekauh fnYYkhdkcht dj.;kiqoÊ [oktkWuh vtesjYkk okLrO; dsY¨ vls EgVY¨vkgs- fuegkt fljkt ;kaP;k ers] ‘kgkcqnÌhu ?k jhP;k ÒkjrkojhYknqlÚ;k gYYkkP;k osGh rs ÁFke fnYYkhYkk vkY¨- ‘krkjhP;k ers][oktklkgsc dqrqcÌhu ,scdP;k oGh b-l-1206 e/;s fnYYkhYkkvkgs- xqYkke jlqYk ;kaP;k ers 1611 rs fnYYkhYkk vkY¨ vkf.k b-l-1191 e/;s vtesjYkk LFkkf;d >kY¨- i.kjktk iFohjkt p©gku;kauh R;kauk vtesj l¨M.¨ Òkx ikMY - [oktklkgsc iqUgk x>uhYkkijrY¨ b-l-1192 e/;s ?k¨jhcj¨cj rs is’kkoj vkY¨-uarj ?k jhpsYk”dj eqYkrkuYkkxsY ]rsOgk rs Ykkg¨jYkk vkY¨ vkf.krsFkwu fnYYkh oex vtesjYkk xsY¨- iFohjkt p©gku ;kauh R;kauh iqUgk vtesjl¨M.;kl lkafxrY¨- i.k ;kosGh iFohjktpk ijkÒo >kYkk- bl-1200 e/;s R;kauh cxnkn vkf.k cYk[kpk n©jk dsYkk- b-l-1206e/;s rs iqUgk vtesjYkk vkY¨- ÁR;sd ijns’kh ek.klkadMs vf/kdp©dl cq/nhus ikfgY¨ tkr gksrs- v’kk fLFkrhr [okWtk lkgsckauhvkiY¨ dk;Z dls dsys vlsYk ;kpk ,sfrgkfld ri’khYk dkGkP;kvkM nMYŸkk vkgs-

x;klqÌhu glu gs R;kaP;k ofMYkkaps uko rj [oktkW mLekugk:uh gs R;kaps vk/;kfRed xq:] bZ’oj J/nk vkdYkukiYkhdMs vkgs- ;kJ/nspk vkf.k ognqYk owtnpk fl/nkar R;kaukekU; g¨rk-bZ’oj l“VhfufeZrh

Ádj.k -9

lkriqM;krhYk rMoh fÒYYk lektkoj lqQhlarkpk ÁÒko

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk gs fganq o eqfLYke ukghr- rs Lor%Ykkekuorkoknh fulxZiwtd ekurkr- R;kauh bLYkkekps o fganq laLÑrhrwudkgh ÁFkkaps rs ikYku djrkauk J/nkiqoZd fnlrkr- mnk-bLYkkepsj¨tk]uekt] o fudkg gs rs djrkr] ijarq YkXu o j¨Vh & csVhO;ogkj rs vikY¨p vkfnoklh laLÑrhuq:i djrkr dkgh ea«kh]vf/kdkjh i{k] nYk] la?kVuk o c¨xl vkfnoklh gs R;kaps gô]vf/kdkjh ts lafo/kkukus R;kauk fnYŸ¨ vkgs rs YkkV.;kpk fgjkowu?¨rkauk fnlrkr- gh vR;ar e¨Bh ‘k dkafrdk Òkjrkph rlsp egkjk”Vªkphvkgs- ;kr ‘kadk ukgh- vkrk vki.k R;kapsoj lwQh larkpk f’kdo.khcÌYk tk.kwu ?öw ;k- lwQhfopkjkeqGs rMoh fÒYYkkauk o brj fganqtekrhuh bLYkkekps dkgh ÁFkkapk Lohdkj dsYkk ;kpk vk<kok ?öw ;k-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 173 174ÒkjrkrhYk dkuk&dïjkrqu rj ;srkrp i.k ckaXYkkns’k]ikfdLrkuvkf.k JhYkadse/kqu o txkrwu gh gtsjh Ykko.;kl ;sr vlrkr-

[oktklkgsckauh lek iqjLdkj dsYkk vusd fo}okauk eh erO;ä dsY¨ dh] Òtu gk laxhrk/kkjhr Ádkj fganqe/;s ÁpfYkrvlY;kus lekdkj [oktklkgsckauh bLYkekP;k ÁpkjklkBh okijYkki.k lek gk Ádkj vusd o”kkZiklwu lqQhe/;s ÁpfYkrvkgs- dOokYkhgk lqQhe/khYk xk;ukÁdkj Qkj Yk¨dfÁ; >kYkk- ‘kkóh; fganqLFkkuhlaxhr vkf.k lqQh jpuk ;kaP;k vu¨[;k lafeJi.kkus ÒkjrkYkke¨gqu VkdY - lqQhpk bfrgkl [oktklkgsckaP;k ukokf’kok; viq.kZjkfgYk ;kr ‘kadk ukgh-ckck Qjhn ¼b-l-1175-1265½ %&

ckckaph oa’kkoG mej ;k frljk [kfYkQki;±rtkrs- dqYklqeckch;k R;kaP;k ekr¨Jh QqvSnqYk Qqvkn ;k xzaFkkr ik-ua-121 futkeqÌhuv©fYk;k ckckacÌYkEg.krkr] eqYkkaoj ekrk&fiR;kP;k ikfo«;kP;ktcjnLr ÁÒko iMYkk g¨rk- dqYklqe ckch lqQh lar g¨R;k-ckckauh ‘¨[k tqYkkYkqÌhu rczhth ;kaP;k Ñisus KkuÁkIrh >kYkh- R;kapsxko dgVokYk l¨M.;kiqohp lqQh txr R;kauk v¨G[kr g¨rs-xkaoh f’k{k.k ?¨rY;koj rs eqYkrkuYkk xsY¨ fetgkÅÌhu frjfeth;kaP;k enj’kkr R;kauh dqjvku eq[k¨n~xkr dsY¨- dkdh R;kaP;kenjkkr vkY¨ g¨rs-

fgLlkj ftYákrhYk galh ;k xkaoh ckck Qjhn xsY¨-Yk”djhn”V;k gs egRokps xko vlY;kus xkokP;k rkC;ko:u eqfLYkevkf.k jktiwr ;kaP;kr Yk<k;k g¨r- ckck ;sF¨ xsY¨] rsOgk rseqlYkekukaP;k rkC;kr g¨rs- rsF¨ dq.kh v¨G[k.kkjukgh vls okVY;kusckck ;sF¨ FkkacY¨ e©Ykkuk uqj rqdZ ;kaps Áopu galhYkk g¨rs- xckGÓkkeGdV oss”kkr ckck rs ,sd.;klkBh xsY¨ o dkghauh R;kauk v¨G[kY¨vkf.k f’k”;kaP;k llsfejk iqUgk lq: >kYkk- ‘¨[k tekYkqÌhu ;kf’k”;kP;k Áseki¨Vh rs galhYkk ckjk o” Z jkfgY¨-

djr¨ vkf.k cktwYkk g¨r¨ o l“VhØe vïvkipkYkr¨- ;k erkpsR;kauh [kaM.k dsY¨- losZ’ojoknkYkk R;kauhvekU; dsY¨- [oktkWlkgscvkf.k fp’rh laiznk;kps vU; lar ekurkr dh]bZ’oj ltd vkgs-R;keqGs ltd vkf.k ltu ,dlkj[¨ vkgs]i.k rjh n¨?¨ ,desdkaiklwurqVY;klkj[¨ ukghr- bZ’oj vtjkej vkgs-tx {k.kÒaxqj vkgs-losZ’ojokn vusd ijes’oknkdMs ?¨Åu tkr¨-

vfulqYk v[kk ;k xzaFkkr [oktklkgsc o R;kaP;k xq:aP;kopukps ladYku dsY¨ vkgs-R;kaP;k n”Vhus /kkfeZdrk o uSfrdrk;k,dkp uk.;kpk nü cktq vkgsr- /kkfeZd laLdkjkaoj t¨j ns.kkÚ;kek.klkYkk lkekftd o d©Vqafcd drZO;s deh Y¨[kwu pkYk.kkjukghr- nü /keZ dj.;kpk fo’¨”k mins’k R;kauh dsYkk- R;k dkGkrghvls lwQh g¨rs ts nkok djr dh] rs v’kk voLFŸkk i¨g¨pY¨rdh] rs ‘kjh;rsP;k iYkhdMs xsY¨ vkgsr- v’kk lwQÈuk R;kauh dkQhjEgVY¨ vkgs-

iFohjkt p©gkukadMwu R;kauk «kkl >kYkk vlYkk] rjhloZlkekU; fganqdMwu R;kauk «kkl >kYkk ukgh] R;kauh Yk dkauk dsYŸ;klnqins’kkr ;kps jgL; vkgs- Òkjrh;ka’kh laidZ lk/k.;klkBh[okWtklkgsc fganoh ¼fganqLFkkuh½ Òk”kk lqekjs ikp o” Z f’kdY - ÒkjrkreB laLF¨pk bfrgkl [kqi tquk vkgs- laiznk;kP;k fopkjkaP;k ÁlkjklkBhmÙke¨Ùke f’k”; r;kj dj.;klkBh eB gh laLFkk mi;qä BjYkh-lqQÈe/;s eBk Ykk [kkudkV EgVys tkrs- vtesjYkk [oktklkgsckauh[kkudkVph LFkkiuk dsYkh- lqQh lk/kukdj.;klkBh ;k [kkudkVpkmi;¨x g¨bZ-

Òkjrkr bLYkkepk t¨ Álkj >kYkk] R;kaps Áeq[k Js; [oktklkgsckauk |kos Ykkxrs- Yk¨dkauh xjhc uokWt ¼xjhckaoj fo’¨”k Ñikdj.kkjs½ gh mik/kh R;kauk fnYkh- R;kauh e¨B;k Áek.kko dsYŸ;k/keZÁlkjkus dkgh bfrgkldkj R;kaP;koj ukjkt vlY¨] rjh R;kaP;knX;kZoj vktgh eqlYkekukais{kk eqfLYkesÙkjvf/kd ;srkr] gh eaMGh

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 175 176iku 140 ijarq ikdiÍuis vkfnoklh eqlYkeku vkgsr- rs vfÒekukuslkaxrkr dhckckauhR;kauk eqlYkeku cuoY¨ vls cŸk.;kph QW’kug¨rh- ;kdMs LVhMeu Yk{k os/krkr] futkeqÌhu v©fYk;kauh ,dfdLlk lkafxrYkk vkgs] ,d ek.kwl futkeqÌhu ;kauk ÒsVYkk oEg.kYkk dh rqEgh ‘¨[k cgkmÌhu tdfj;k vkf.k ckck Qjhn n¨?kkaukikfgY¨- R;kaP;k vk/;kfRed xq.kkacÌYk rqYkukRedfjR;k dkgh lkaxkYkdk; \ futkeqÌhu v©fYk;kauh ;k Á’ukYkk iVdu Áfrlkn fnYkkukgh- i.k R;k ek.klkus [kwip vkxzg /kjY;kus futkeqÌhu Eg.kkY¨]vkuanfoÒ¨j voLF¨r ckck Qjhn bZ’ojkYkk mÌs’kqu gs ftoYkxk!Eg.kr rj R;kp voLF¨r tdfj;k bZ’ojkYkk mÌs’kqu gs n;k?kuklac¨/kr !

rs[kwi n;kGq g¨rs] Yk¨dkaph R;kaP;kdMs g¨.kkjh xnÊ f’k{k.k?¨.kkÚ;kaph uOgrh] vusd dkj.kkauh xktYŸ ] nq%[kh] d”Vh vkiY¨Á’u ?öwu R;kaP;kdMs ;sr- R;kauk f’k”;kaph mÙke ikj[k g¨rh-R;kaP;k Áopukph Òk”kk lïh vls- o/n fo}kukaukgh rs ea«keqX/kdjr- R;kaps vusd o/n f’k”; vlrkukgh R;kauh R;kapk okjlkEg.kwu r:.k futkeqÌhu v©fYk;kph fuoMd dsYkh] ;kr R;kaphnqjn”Vh fnlrs-

jktLFkku lkriqMÓkkr Ykxr vtesj ;sF¨ [oktk¡ xjhc uokWt;kaps okLrO; vlrkauk R;k ifjljkr rMoh] fÒYYk o brj vkfnoklhtekrh 40 rs 50 Vôs ,o<s Áek.kkr okLrO;kr g¨rh R;kphvrho J/nk tMYkh- R;kps ek.kqldhpk lans’kkUo;s o txk o txq|k;k ea«kkus rs ÁÒkohr >kY¨r-

lwQh larkP;k fopkjkaP;k ÁÒkokeqGs Òkjrkr o txkr bLYkkepkfLodkjdsYkk xsYkk- lkriqM;krhYk rMoh] fÒYYk o brj tekrÈuhbLYkkekaoj beku vk.kwu dkgh ÁFkkapk fLodkj dsYkk- lqQh fopkjkaeqGsuO;k lgódkr ekuorspk lq;kZn; g¨bZYk ;kr ‘kadk ukgh-xqYkk egkjkt %& vkiJh xqYkk egkjkt fdaok xqYkkc Òxoku ;k ukokusloZ«k Áfl/n >kYŸ;k ;k Fk j lariq:”kkpk tUe lqekjs 100 o”kkZiqoÊ

ckckaps thou uktwd g¨rs- R;kaP;kr brds iSYkqg¨rs dh]fulxkZus mÒs jkgkos- vkf.k txkYkk lkaxko - okg ! dk; ek.kwl g¨rk!lR;oku Ákekf.kd fu”Bsus dkedj.kkjs vkf.k fopkjh ! th uSfrdeqY;s rs f’kdor rh R;kaP;k veaYk ctko.khrhYk vlr- ckckapklokZre¨Bk peRdkj Eg.kts nhunqcG;kphR;kauh dsYŸkh lsok fpf’rlaiznk;kpsp rs lokZr egRokps oSf’k”V;s vkgs- [ok¡tk lkgsckauhR;kph eqgwrZes< jöYkh- nq%[kh nhu o nfYkrkaph R;kauh lsok dsYkh-R;kaps nq%[k okVqu ?¨rY¨- ckckaps lokZr vkoMrs f’k”; g¨rs] futkeqÌhuR;kaukckckafo”k;h vknj g¨rk r¨ ckckauh n’kZfoYŸ;k peRdkjkeqGsuOgs] rj ckckaP;k lk/ï.kkus] xjhcka fo”k;hP;k dGoGÓkkus]‘kq/nrseqGs o fo}ÙëqGs !ÒsVhYkk vkYŸ;kpk ÁR;sd Á’u rs Yk{kiqoZd,sdr R;kaP;k [kklxh o lkoZtfud thoukr rQkor uOgrh- rslerŸk oÙkhps g¨rs- ek.kqldh o fouezrk gs R;kaps Áeq[k xq.k g¨rs-‘k«kw’khgh rs mÌkÙki.¨ okxr-

lqQÈuh r;kjdsYŸ¨ okrkoj.k l©gknkZps g¨rs- gs ifgY¨ larvkgsr] T;kaP;k fganq tulaidkZfo”k;h fo’oklkgZ ekfgrh miYkC/kvkgs-dkuQkVs tksxh vkf.k v©xj t¨xh ;kaP;k’kh ckckaps f’k”;futkeqÌhu v©fYk;kauhppkZ dYkh- ek.klkrhYk ik’koh oÙkhvkf.kvk/;kfRed ÁoÙkh gkppsZpk fo”k; g¨rk- futkeqÌhu ;kauh t¨xÈphÁ’kalk dsYkh- QokbZnqYk Qokn ikus 84&85 ;k xzaFkkrghppkZfnYŸkh vkgs- 65 vt¨/kuYkk ,dk tksxh R;kauh fopkjY ] rq>k ekxZd¨.krk \ rqÖ;k rRoKkukr uscds dk; vkgs \ t¨xhus mÙkj fnYëkuoh ÁoÙkhr nü txr vkgsr- ifgY¨ vkYkes mYkoh o nqljsvkYkes flQYkh gs vkgs- eLrdkiklwu ukÒhi;±r vkYkes mYkoh]rjukÒh [kkYkh vl.kkjs vkYkes flQYkh vkgs- mYkohe/;s Ákekf.kdi.kk‘kq/nk] fufj{k.k ]ikfo«; ;k ckch ;srkr- gh ppkZ futkeqÌhu ;kaukvkoMYkh-

fp’rÈuh fganquk eqlYkeku dj.;kph e¨ghe gkrh ?¨rYkh- gsÁk-egaen ;kauh vekU; dsY¨ vkgs- 66 bLYkkfed dYpj ,fÁYk 1946

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 177 178R;kps d©rqd d: YkkxY¨ o vknjgh nk[kow YkkxY - Yk¨dkauh R;kYkkegkjkt Eg.k.;kiqoÊ lqekjs 15 o”kkZiklwu R;kps gs use/keZ pkYkq g¨rs-‘k©pkl ik.kh us.;kpk fÒYYk lektkr fjokt ulrkukgh rsfuR;fu;ekus ik.kh usr vlr- Luku dsY;kf’kok; o lq;Zn’kZu?¨rY;kf’kok; dkgh dke djr ulr- ikolkG;kP;k fnolkrd/kh d/kh rhu rhu fnol lw;Zn’kZu g¨r uls- v’kk Álaxhgh rsrhu rhu fnol dMdMhr miokl djhr- rs tls dMdMhrlw; Zikld g¨rs- rlsp ek:rhps o egknsopsgh fu”Bkoar mikldg¨rs- [kkans’kkr ‘¨dM¨ xkoh m?kM;koj ek:rhph o egknsokpheafnj ,desdkatoG vkgsr- r’kh rh e¨joMYkkgh vkgsr- gh eafnjso R;kiq<hYk v¨Vs >kM.¨ gs R;kaps j¨tps dke vls- Luku d:uYk VkÒj ik.kh ek:rhYkk o egknsokYkk ?kkY;kpk R;kapkØe vls-

xqYkke egkjktkaph poGoG %& 1938 lkYkh xqYkkeegkjktkapk eR;q >kYkk- ej.;kiqoÊ R;kauh vkiYkh gh pGoGpkYkfo.;kps vf/kdkj vkiY;k ÒkokP;k ¼jkenkl egkjktkaP;k½gkrh lïoY - xqYkke egkjktkaP;k eR;quarjgh lkewghd vkjrhYkk;s.kkÚ;kaph la[;k ok<w YkkxYkh g¨rh- 1940 P;k lqekjkl rj ;klkeqfgr vkjR;ke/;s [kkns’kkrhYk nwj nwjP;k Òkxkrwu gtkj¨ Yk d;sr vlr- 1940 P;k lqekjkr xqYkk egkjktkaP;k ;k pGoGhpsn’; ifj.kke fnlk;Ykk YkkxY¨ g¨rs- gtkj aP;k la[;sus ,d«k ;s.kkÚ;k;k lkYknkj] ‘¨retqjkauk vkiY;k ‘kähph tk.kho Ogk;Ykk YkkxYkhg¨rh- R;kaP;krhYk vkRelUekukph Òkouk ok<hl YkkxYkh g¨rh-

1942 P;k es efgU;kr jkenkl egkjktkauk gÌikj dj.;krvkY¨- jkenkl egkjkt lkriqM;k iYkhdMhYk g¨GdjkaP;k jkT;krxsY¨- rsOgk R;kaP;kcj¨j fÒYYkkaph dqVqacs vkiY;k tfeuh] ?kjs l¨MwuxsYkh] vkjrh can iMYkh- jkenkl egkjkt gÌikj >kY¨- l/ku] xqtj]‘¨rekYkd [kq’k >kY¨ i.k rs xIi clY¨ ukghr- jkenkl egkjktkaoj

/kqGs ftYákr rG¨|ktoGhYk e¨joM ¼jatuiqj½ uokP;k N¨VÓkk’kk[¨M;krhYk lkYknkjh o etqjh d:u jkg.kkÚ;k eSuk o Òk;Y;k ;kxjhc fÒYYk ekrk fiR;kaP;k i¨Vh >kYkk- R;kYkk Ykgkui.kh xqY;kvls Eg.kr-

Òk;Y;kYkk ?kjph ‘¨rh uOgrh- R;keqGs lkYknkjh dj.¨]j[kokYkh dj.¨ o etqjh dj.¨ gkp R;kP;k i¨Vki.;kpk mn;¨xg¨rk- mrkjo; >kY;koj R;kus xk;jk[;kps Eg.kts xkbZ jk[k.;kpsgYkds dke iRdjY - xqY;k Ykgkui.kh vkiY;k ckikcj¨cjxkbZ pkj.;kltkr vls- ckYki.kh xk;jk[;kps dke dj.kkjk xqYkY;k vFkkZrp‘kkGsr tkÅ ‘kdYkk ukgh o fufj{krp jkfgYkk- xqYkU;k ckjk rsjko”kkZpk g¨bZi;±r R;kps dke xkbZ jk[k.;kpsp g¨rs- uarj ‘¨rdÚ;kapscSYk v©rko:u lqVY¨ dh jk«kh R;kauk pkj.;kps dke R;kaP;kojlïfo.;kr vkY - gs dke dkgh o” Z dsY;koj r¨ lkYknkj >kYkk-

lkYknkjkps dke djhr vlrkaukp R;kaP;k vaxhbZ’ojÒähpsxq.k ÁdV g¨Å YkkxY¨- ;k xq.kkps d©rqd Yk¨d vktdjhr vkgsr-ijarq R;kdkGh Òähxq.kkaeqGs R;kaph FkÍkeLdjhp g¨rvls o r¨ R;kpk fof{kIri.kkps letYkk tkbZ- R;kps j¨tps Lukufof{kIri.kkp letYkk tkbZ- R;kps j¨tps Luku o deZB oÙkh brjkaukvMp.khph okVs gk fof{kIr lkYknkj fu;ekus Luku dsY;k f’kok; orqGf’kYkk] ek:rhYkk ik.kh ?kkrY;kf’kok; dkekoj ;sr uls] dkghYk dkal gk R;kpk QkthYk f’k”Vi.kk okVr vls- R;kP;k vaxhYkhurk g¨rh- R;kaP;k r¨Mwu osdkokdMk ‘kCn nwjp ijarq jkxhV‘kCngh d¨.kh d/kh ,sdYkk ukgh- r¨ lok±uk dkdk] nknk Eg.kwuuezrsus okxs- usgeh glreq[k vls] R;kus d/khgh vlR;kpj.k dsYükgh- æO;kIrhpk Yk¨Ò R;kYkk d/kh f’koYkk ukgh- Eg.kwu R;kusca/kudkjd okV.kkjs lkYknkjkps dke l¨Mwu fnY¨ oR;kis{kk dehfeGdrhps i.k vf/kd e¨dGsi.kk ns.kkjs vls j[kokYknkjkph dkesiRdjY¨- R;kps use/keZ] fuYk ZÒ fu”Bk ikgqu fVdk dj.kkjs Yk¨dgh

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 179 180fÒYYkkaoj x¨Ghckj dsYkk- dsljflax o jkenkl egkjkt ;kauk vVddj.;kr vkYkh- dslpk fudkYk Ykkxsi;±r toGtoG ,d o” Z R;kaukcsGxko ;sF¨ tsYke/;s Bso.;kr vkY¨- jkenkl egkjkt ijr vkY¨rsOgk egkjk”Vªkr la;qä egkjk”VªkP;k pGoGhus t¨j /kjYkk g¨rh- ;kÒkxkr R;kosGh mdkbZ /kj.kk[kkYkh T;k gtkj¨ fÒYYkkaP;k tfeuhtk.kkj g¨R;k- R;k fÒYYkkaP;k Á’ukaoj vkanŸku eqG /kjr g¨rs-jkenkl egkjktkauh ;k vkanŸkukr dE;fuLVkauh lkFk fnYkh vkf.keqacbZYkk fo/kkulÒsojhYk e¨pfr e¨BÓkk la[;sus fÒYYkkauk ?¨Åu lkehYk>kY¨- 1960 e/;s jkenkl egkjkt v/kk±xok;qpk >Vdk ;sowu ej.kikoY - vkrk ,dfolkO;k ‘krdkpk mn; >kYkk vkgs- fÒYYkkaP;kÁns’kkps Lora«k jkT; dj.;kps LoIu vfLrRokr vkYŸ¨ ulY ] rjhfÒYYkkaP;k vfLerspk o vfLrRokpk uok uanqjckj ftYgk fuekZ.kdsYkk vkgs- R;keqGs fÒYYkkauk uok vkRefo’okl feGkYkk vkgs- 60o”kkZP;k vkRelUekukP;k pGoGhYkk vkt ÁkIr >kYŸ¨ gs :i 21O;k ‘krdkph okVpkYk dj.;kl fuf’pr QYknk;h Bjsy- ;klxGÓkk okVpkYkhr vusd laLFkkps] la?kVukaps] pGoGhps vkf.kdk;ZdR;k±ps ;¨xnku YkkÒY¨ vkgs- R;kpk folj vktP;k fi<hYkkiMw u;s ,o<hp vis{kk vkgs-

v’kk Ádkjs egkjk”Vªkr lkekftd pGoGhph e¨Bh ijaijkg¨rh- ;k lkektd pGoGh T;k dkGh lq: >kY;k rniqoÊghfdrhrjh o” Z vx¨njlkriqM;krhYk ikM;kae/;s xkaokxkaoke/;s tsF¨tsF¨ vkfnoklh cka/ko fo[kqjY¨ xsY¨ g¨rs- rsF¨ rsF¨ vkfnoklh lra JhxqYkk egkjkt ;kaph O;lueqähph poGoG vR;ar Yk{k.kh; g¨rh-Ákeq[;kus vkfnoklh fÒYYk o rMoh fÒYYk o brj tekrhr O;lukf/ku ÁoÙkh eqGs vkfnoklhps thou ekukr ts ÁfrdqYk ifj.kke g¨r g¨rs-o R;kaph thou dtZ cktkjhi.kk o nkfjæ;kr f[krir g¨rs ;k x ”Vhiklwu eqäh feGkoh Eg.kwu R;kdGkps lqQh lar Jh xqYkk egkjkt ;kaps

vusd [k¨Vs vkjï d:u R;kauh egkjktkaukcnuke dj.;kph e¨fgepkYkq BsoYkh- pY¨ tkos pGoG ;kosGh t¨jkr g¨rh- dkaxzslP;kdkghdk;ZdR;k±uh jkenkl egkjktkauh i{kkr ;kos Eg.kwu Á;Ru pkYkfoY¨g¨rs- ijarq uanqjckjps dkgh lnu ‘¨rekYkdkaps Áfrfu/kh lrr jkenklegkjktkaph cnukeh djr g¨rs- jkenkl egkjkt vkf.k R;kps cj¨cjYk<kÅ ÁoÙkhpsfÒYYk Lokra«; Yk<;kiklwu nqjp jkgosr vls ;klnu ‘¨rekYkdkauk okVr g¨rs- i.k vkrk jkenkl egkjkt fczVh’k‘kklukP;k foj¨/kkr xsY¨ g¨rs- R;kaP;kekxs fÒYYk lekt mÒk g¨rk-/kqGÓkkps dkaxzsl i{kkps ,d dk;ZdrsZ ‘kadj fouk;d Bdkj gsg¨Gdj jkT;kr tkÅu jkenkl egkjktkauk ÒsVY¨] gÌikjhph eqnriqjh Ogk;ph okV u ikgrk jkenkl egkjktkauh vkiY;k Òkxkrijrkos vkf.k lkezkT;oknh foj¨/kh la?k”kkZr lkehYk Ogkos vls R;kauhjkenkl egkjktkauk lkafxrY¨-

tkrhÒsn o fo”kerk ;koj vk/kkjhr ;k lektkrhYk rFkkdfFkr[kkYkP;k tkrhP;k usR;kale¨j th leL;k vkYkh g¨rh- rh jkenklegkjkt o dsljflax ;kaukgh lrkor g¨rh- lektkrhYk [kkYkP;kLrjkrhYk Yk dkauk lkekftd vkf.k vkfFkZdnq”V;k voekukps thoutxkos Ykkxr g¨rs- ;kcÌYk R;kaP;k eukr vlar¨”k g¨rk- lektkrhYkofj”B tkrh j¨tP;k O;ogkjkr ;k tkrÈuk lkrR;kus R;kaP;kdfu”BRokph tk.kho d:u nsr g R;kp] i.k mPpuhprsps ukrs dk;eBso.;kpsgh lrr tkx:di.¨ Á;Ru djhr g R;k- ;k ofj”B tkrhpslkekftd] vkfFkZd opZLo >qaxk:.k ns.¨ gh vkiY;k lkekthd xjtvkgs- v’kh ;k usR;kauk tk.kho g¨rh- R;kpÁek.¨ ns’kkYkk jktdh;xqYkkefxjhrqu Lora«k dsY¨ ikfgts gh Òkoukgh dfu”B tkrh tekrhP;kusR;kaP;k ekur g¨rh- jkenkl egkjkt dsljflax egkjkt ;kauh fczfV’klÙ Ykk foj /k dsYkkp i.k R;kposGh fÒYYkkauk fcxj vkfnoklh lektkrlUekukus txrk;s.kkj ukgh] R;klkBh T;k Òwehoj R;kaP;k eqGkr gôvkgs] v’kh R;kauh ekaM.kh dsYkh- 1954 e/khYk ,dk ?kVusr iŸkhlkauh

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 181 182rMoh] fÒYYk o fganq&eqfLYke cka/ko gs vkiY;k ?kjkrhYk

eqYkkaeqYkhpk YkXu >kY;kuarj uojnso uojhYkk ckckP;k etkjhojekFkk Bsfo.¨lkBh vk.kr- vls dsY;kus lalkj lq[kkpkg¨r¨- v’khR;kaph /kkj.kk vkgs- xkaoks xkoh njE;ku ns[khYk vusd vkfnoklhcka/ko lëokj&xq:okjh o rj fno’kh ;sowu ckckpk vkf’kokZn ?¨rvlr- ckckP;k lfg”.kwoknh lwQh fopkjkapk ixMk vkt gh lektkojdk;e vkgs-

ekuorkoknh fopkj lj.khrqu R;kaps vuq;k;huh vkfnoklh fÒYYkkP;kthoukr lq/kkj.kk ?kMkoh- Eg.kwu tuvkanŸku lq: dsY - Ác¨/kudk;Z lq: d:u lkekftd pGoG lq: dsYkh- Jh xqYkk egkjkt;kaps dk;Z /kqGs] uanqckj] f’kjiqj] pïMk o R;k YkxrP;k lkriqM;krP;kik;F;k’kh o ifjljkr e¨B;k Áek.kkr tu vkanŸku ÁÒkoh B:YkkxYkh- rlsp vkfnoklhP;k thoukr gGqgGq fLFkjrk ÁkIr göwuO;lukf/kur] dtZcktkjhi.kk o brj viÁoÙkhuk vkGk clYkkg¨rk- taxYkh ihj% vkfnoklh rMoÈps o fganq&eqfLYke Yk¨dkapsJ/nkLFkku taxYkh ihj ckckph njxkg jkosj iklwu 5&6 fd-eh-varjkoj cÚgk.kiqj j¨MktoG vkgs-

lk/kkj.krk% 200 rs 230 o”kkZiqoÊ lkriqMÓr lqQh lartaxYkh ihj ckckps vfLrRo g¨rs- lkriqMk gk taxYk]nÚ;k[k¨Ú;kpkÁns’k] ;sFkhYk vkfnoklh eq[;Ros d:u rMoh] fÒYYko brj vkfnoklh tekrhr tutkxj.;kps Áeq[k dk;sZ gs ckckuhdsY¨- rs ik;h ÒVdarh djr lkriqMÓkkr fQjr vlr- R;keqGspvkfnoklh cka/kokauh R;kauk taxYkh ihj ckck Eg.kwu v¨G[kr-ckckuh rMoh] fÒYYk o brj vkfnoklh cka/ko cj¨cj fganq&eqfLYkecka/kokphgh vrho J/nk g¨rh- ,dïk] Áse] ca/kqRo] ek.kqldh];kph f’kdo.k gs ckck vkiY;k lqQh ‘©Ykhr Ác¨/ku djr fQjrvlr- lqQh fopkjkaeqGs vuds rMoh fÒYYk gs R;kauk vkiY¨ vkjk/; nSor ekur- R;kaps eR;quarj R;kps etkjhoj vkfnoklh cka/ko gse¨BÓkk la[;sus ;sowu J/nkiqoZd QqYkkaph pknj] xYï p<owu f’kj.khokVqu R;kP;k vkf’kokZn ?öwu vkikiY;k xkaoh tkr- ?kjkr YkgkuckGkpk tUe >kYkk rj 5 fnolkauh lVh iqtukuarj ckckP;ketkjhoj vkf’kokZn ?¨.;kdjrk rMoh gs vkiY¨ ckGkYkk vk.krvlr- rlsp d¨.krsgh ‘kqÒ dk;kZph lq:okr gh ckckpk vkf’kokZn?öwu iq.kZ dsYkk tkbZ-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 183 1841½ /kuq”; ck.k2½ rYkokj3½ ukaxj] o[kkj4½ >kMw5½ lqiMÓkk] VïY;k6½ gkaM;k ckl.kk7½ fÒarhojhYk nsokY;k iwturMoh gs Bjkfod l.kklqnhl vFkok fof’k”V dkGkr ojhYk

oLrwph iqtkvpkZ dj.;kph ijaijk gh vkfnoklh fÒYYk laLÑrhrmitrp ikgko;kl feGrs- rMoh tekr ns[khYk v|ki ;k oLrqphfof’k”V le;h iqtk djrkauk vk<Grkr-

eR;qfo/kh % rMoh tekrhr ÁsrkYkk nQu dj.;kph ijaijkvkgs- rlsp R;kaps Ásr iqj.;kP;k tkxsYkk ßvklkckÞ Eg.krkr- 10O;k fno’kh laxs l¨;js x¨Gk g¨rkr] e©Ykoh dMwu n:n Qkfrgki<rkr- rlsp nqok¡ ekxrkr- dkgh Òkxkr ßfolokÞ g¨r - lkriqM;krfolkok fjokt vkgs- lw;kZsn;kiqoÊ eftLn e/;s fdaok ?kjh n:nQkfrgk i<rkr- o nqok¡[¨j dj.;kr ;srs- pkGhlO;k fno’kh vFkkZrlOok efgU;kuarj psgYke djrkr- R;k fno’kh jk«kÒj erkE;kl‘kkarh djrk vYYkkps ukeLdj.k dsY¨ tkrs- nqlÚ;k fno’kh ‘kkdkgkjhfdaok ekalkgkjh tso.k nsrkr- v’kk Ádkjs psgYke fo/kh laiédj.;kr ;sr¨-

vkfnoklh rMoh lektkpk bfrgkl cf?krYkk rj v©jaxtsckP;kdkGkiklwu rs cqjkg.kiqjP;k Qk:dh jktkaP;k dkGkikosr¨ rMohlektke/;s rkek’kk ;k Yk ddYŸkk egRo vkgs- Jherh otjkckbZrMoh fgps irhus Yk¨.kh iapôj rk-pïMk ft-tGxko ;kaauh vkiY;kck;d¨P;k ukokus ßotjkckbZ rek’kkpk QMÞ ;k ukokpk ,d rek’kkeaMG r;kj dsYkk g¨rk- [kkauns’kkr óh&iq:”kkpk lekos”k vlYŸkk gk,deso rek’kk vR;ar YkdfÁ; g¨rk- R;kpcjcj mLekucqok rMohdqlqcsdj

Ádj.k 10

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkpk lekt Yk¨duR;o dkgh ijaijk

rMohtekrhrhYk ijaijkxr uR; Ádkj %&1½ lkatksuh uR; ¼;qorh o ;qod ½2½ >qYkk uR; xk;u ¼;qorh½3½ l axh uR; ¼;qod½ &;qorh½4½ YkXukrhYk uR; ¼;qod&;qorh½5½ fÒYkkÅ uR; ¼;qod&;qorh½vkfnoklh rMoh gs YkXu rlsp fof’k”V vkuan¨RlokP;k dkGkrojhYk uR; gs djrkr- ;k uR;krwu vkfnoklh ijaijsph >Ykdvki.kkal ikgko;kl feGrs- l axh uR;kr fofo/k l ax ] ok| bR;knhps?öwu r’kh u{khdke laiw.kZ ‘kjhjÒj d:u ukprkr-rMoh tekrhP;k Yk¨dkaP;k e/;s [kkYkhYk i©jkf.kd oLrwph iwtkdjrkr vls funZ’kukl vkY¨ vkgs-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 185 186xko % /kku¨jk]Yk .kh] frjokMk] vMkon] iapd] dqM;kik.kh] [kMÊ&oMÊ]uk;xkao] Fk jxOgk.k] oMrh] fcMxko] eax:G] e¨gjn4½ tkeusj

lkaxoh] <kYkxkao] lk;js] fVax.¨] x anxskao] <kYkflaxh]r¨jukGk]fpapŸkh] QÙïqj] djckfiaÁh] tquüs]x aM[¨M] igqjisB] ‘ axkGs] es.kxko]fduUgh] igqjdlcs] fpap[¨Mk] fcYkokMh] ikG/kh]ukækgosYkh] fYkgs]’ anq.kÊ]fpYkxko] x aæh] tkaÒqYk] oMkYkh] vackMh] olaruxj] dkiqlokMh]okG¨n] okdMh] dqÒkjh [kq- fue[¨Mk] r aMkiqj] ekYk[¨Mk] dqaÒkj cq-Yk .kh e¨jkM] fgoj[¨Mk] Òk:M[¨Mk] ekn.kÊ ‘öxk] esgxko] dklYkh]ekaMos [kq- QGkl[¨Mk]dk-] d-VkdGh] fgoj[¨Mk] r-ok- fiaiGxkop©- xqtjh ] nsÅGxko] fiaiGxko cq- ekaMos cq-5½ ikp¨jk

lkrxko] vVYkxOgk.k] vkos] dqjgkM] fiaiGxko gjs] dŸgs]M axjxkao] Yk¨gkjh] f’kankM] fiaÁh MkaÒq.kÊ] [kMdnsoGk] xOgY ] lko[¨Mkcq- vkacsoMxko] e a<kGs] [kko[¨Mk [kq- AA] t¨xsoMxko] fiaÁh] dMsoMxko] okMh] vrqaYkÊ] lkosZ] jk.khp ckacq:M] ‘ökGs] ojlkMs]jktqjh] fuaÒ¨jh] ij/kkMs] Yk¨gkjk] Ò¨ts] ok.¨xko] ikp¨jk] fpapiqjs]Ykklqjs]lkos tkeus6½ tGxko foVusj] dqlqackokMh7½ eqäkbZuxj t a/ku[¨Mk] fgojk2½ v©jaxkckn1½ flYk M % tGdhcktkj] fiaiGnjh] ?kVkaczh] [kqIVk] [kaMGk] e¨g¨G]eknuh] vaftBk] gÍh] ukgoh] vUoh] eqdikB] ckGkiqj] vaÒbZ]2l¨;xko % x ansxko] cgqYk[¨Mk] nsOgkjh] nLrkiqjh] fuack;rh] MkÒk]?k jdqaM] ftjaMh QnkZiqj] ?k¨lYkk] iGk[¨Mk] frMds] tkeVh] fVVoh]doYkh] [kkoGnckjk] ?kk.¨xko] oj[¨Mh3½ déM] VkdGh] Yk gxko

rk-jkosj ft-tGxko rlspÒ¨djhdj] ;koYkdj] ft-tGxko ;kapkgh,d ,d rek’kkpk eaMG gk 150 rs 200 o”kkZiqoÊ dk;Zjr g¨rk-xzkeh.k turk o vkfnoklh e¨B;k vkoMhus lnjps rekls c?krvlr- rek’kk gh Yk ddYkk ftoar jkfgYkhikfgts- gh Yk¨ddYkkegkjk”Vªh;u xzkeh.k lektkpk lkaLÑfrd vkjlk vkgs- r¨ ,de©fYkd nLrk,sot vkgs- ;k Yk¨dY¨ps tru lao/kZu o ÁpkjÁlkjg¨.¨ gh dkGkph xjt vkgs- xzkeh.k thoukpk o lektthoukpk‘k /k la’k¨/kd T;k T;k osGh ?ksrhYk R;k R;k osGh R;kuk ;kYk ddY¨pk vH;klf’kok; xR;arj ukgh- gs gh frrdsp fufoZokn[kjs vkgs- ;k o v’kk vusd ojhYk e©fYkd x ”Vh ák rMohtekrhYkk,d egkekuokph tekr Eg.kwu vH;kldkauk ‘k¨/k ?¨.¨lÁsj.kk nsrkr- ;kr frGek«k ‘kadk ukgh vls eYkk okVrs-rMoh lektkps xkaos %

1 tGxkao % jkosj] ikYk] vÒ¨Mk] cf{kiqj] eax:GfueM;k] e¨jOgkYk] jethiqj] jkosj] tk.k¨jh] dtsZr] lkonk]fpapkjh]vfgjokMh] dsÚgkGk] [kq- fpukoYk] dGeksnk] e¨gekaMYkh]Ykkg¨jk] ok?kks’¨nk] frM;k] ikMGk [kq- cq- f[kj¨nk] va/kkjeGh]x¨j[¨Mk] lko[ksMk e¨gxu] dqlqack] foojk] lgófyax] Ò¨xjh]fiaÁh]ftUlh] jlqYkiqjk] dsÚgkGk cq-2½ ftYgk % tGxkao] rk-;koYk %

xkos % fpapŸkh] uk;xko] [kko[¨Mkfle] gacMÊ] ve¨nk]vkMxko] lkdYkh] ;koYk] fgax¨.¨] ok?k¨ns] dlkj[¨Mk] f’kjekGs]d¨Gon] lkaxoh] pqapkGs] ekYk n] nfgxko] ijlkMs] M axjdB¨j] ckj~gkMs]bpj[¨Mk] fojkoYkh] oMªh] ok?kf>jk]c¨j[¨Mk cq- d¨jikoYkh] ÒkYk¨n]QStiqj] fduxkao] e¨g:G] fpar¨Gs] Ugkoh]gfjiqjk] vVªkoYk] c¨j[¨Mk[kq- ek:G3½ tGxko ftYgk] rk- pïMk

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 187 188ák dYkk lknj g¨r vlrkr- vkf.k R;kaP;k thoukr vkuankphfnokGh fuekZ.k g¨r vlrs- fulxkZps ÒO;fnO; mnkÙk]d:.kke;vls :i ikgqu R;kaP;k Hkkouk vkrZ curkr- lkÚ;k ladVkauk glr[ksGr ukpr lke¨js tk.;kps /©;Z vu dlc fulxkZusp R;kP;krfuekZ.k dsYŸ¨ vkgs- Eg.kwup ;k Yk¨ddYkke/kwu vkfnoklhaP;kthoucj¨cjp fulxZ ‘kähpk] jax] :i] xa/k] ;kapk vfo”dkj]>kYŸkk o ‘kähpk fnlr¨- ioZr dMsdMikÚ;k] v¨<s] oujkbZ]i’kwi{kh] fot] oknGs] paælw;Z] ikÅl] ],dq.k] lkjk fulxZ] R;kP;kYk ddYkkoar cŸkdk g¨rks- nkfjæ; fiGo.kwd] tkp] v©nklhUlhlkjhu”;p;sZ fulxkZP;k pSrU;e; voLF¨r xGwu iMrkr- vkf.k vkfnoklÈpsthou {k.kÒj dka g¨bZuk vkuankus csg¨’k g¨rs- >M.kkÚ;k larr/kkjikolkus rs UgkÅu fu?krs- M axj&nÚ;krqu [kG[kG.kkÚ;k ik.;kcj¨cjrs [kGkGrs- _rqxa/k Økarh] cj¨cj rs QqYkwu ;srs- rlsp oht] oknG]dai] MjdkGÓkk] ;kpcj¨cj R;kpa thou dkairs] ÒjÒjrs]filkGrs]mlGrs] vkrZgh curs vkf.k osGsÁlaxh rs R;kaP;k Yk duR;krqu]xk.;krwu] ok|krwu ftoar g¨Åu dYkk:i /kkj.k djrs- Eg.kwuR;kaP;k dYkk thoukP;k ikrGhoj frrD;kp vfÒtkr Bjrkr-fulxkZ’kh ],dkRerk iko.kkÚ;k ;k dYkk vkRedsaæh d/kh vlrukghr-lewgkYkk vkiY;kr ?¨.;kph {kerk R;kr vlrsp Eg.kwu ;k dYkkR;kaP;k thoukps ,d vax cuY;k vkgsr- v’kk jhrhus fulxkZP;knkrRokus iquhr >kYŸ¨ vkfnoklhaps thou R;kaP;k Yk¨duR;kaeqGs]lqanjvuJ] mnkÙk curs-

egkjk”VªkrhYk vkfnoklh tekrhP;k lkaLÑfrd thoukar uR;kaukvkf.k ijaijkxr xk.;kauk vktgh egRo vkgs- ÁR;sd tekrhr oSf’k”Viw.kZv’kh uR;s o Álaxkuqlkj[kkl xk.kh vkgsr- YkXu dk;kZiklwu rs lqxhP;kvkuan Rloki;±r Ykgku&e¨B;k Álaxkauk R;kaps dYkkthou QqYkrs] cgjrs]xkokr <Ÿkkaps vkokt ?kqew Ykkxrkr- jk«khYkk rsF¨ tkx ;srs vkf.k exR;kaP;k thoukrhYk lkjk vkuan ;sF¨ v¨lMwu ;sr -

3½ tkYkuk1½ Ò¨djnu % /kkoMk] vkYkkiqj] Ò¨j[¨Mk] ok<¨.kk] okdMh] fiaiGxkodM]oM¨nrkaxMk] tGxko] lidkG] fYkaxsokMh] lsYkqn] fgl¨Mk] ikj/k]iùkorh] fYkgk] d¨xko] Ò¨djnu] i¨[kjh-2½ tkÝkckn % vkMs ¼ÒkjttoG½4½ cqYk<k.kk %1½ cqYk<k.kk & ekrYkk] nfgn]2½ e¨rkGk tkeBh] ‘¨dkiqj] x a/ku[¨M]e<] tkaÒqG[¨M] fxjMk]/kke.kxko c<s4½ laxzkeiqj % fiaxGh] fppkjh] olkGh] lk;[¨Mk] vkYökMh5½ tGxko % mekiqj] bLYkkeiqjk] lquxko] tke¨n] jlqYkiqj] /kku¨jk1½ foj¨nk ] egeniqj] ikV aMk] YkkYkckx] ekg¨n] Òkolk] oGkflax][kdukj] fiaÁh] mÙkkEch] xjrkG] ikMO;k] [kqYkkokMh] lü[¨Mh] gkVjk][kkeYkk] c¨jxOgkG]c¨jxko]c¨jxko] dqaEeh] fÒduxko] M axjxkao-

vkfnoklh rek’kk gs Yk¨djatukps uos lk/ku letY¨ tkrs-xkot«kk] f’kexk] YkXukjkbZ ;ke/;s rek’kk dk;ZØekauk m/kk.k ;srs-rek’kkP;k dk;ZØekr Yk¨dthoukps iMlkn meVYŸ¨ fnlkr- LFkkfudÒk”¨rhYk ueZ fou ankoj gk dk;ZØekr Òj vlr - laokn] crko.kh]i©jkf.kd dFkk] lkekftd Á’ukps igpku leL;k gh vkfnoklhrek’kkaph oSf’k”V;s vkgsr-

Yk duR; gs vkfnoklh thoukps [kjs ftoar vax vkgs-R;kr vkuan] pSrU;] mRlkg] Yk;] rkYk] xs;] lkjs dkgh vlrs-vKku] nkL;] Ykkpkjh] ;kaP;k dnZekr fipr iMYŸ;k fulxkZP;klkfé/;kr o”kkZuqo” Z fulxZ ladVkph r aM nsr tx.kkÚ;k vkfnoklÈpsthou vkuane; igko;kl feGrs- R;kaps dkj.k Eg.kts R;kaphYkÑuR;s]Ykdxhrs] vkf.k YkddYkk g¨r- R;kaph nq%[ ] [karh] ncYï.kk];k loZ x ”Vhps foosapu R;kaP;k YkdlkfgR;kr >kYŸ¨ vlrs- Eg.kwup

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 189 190frljk ÁdkjP;k uR;kr iq:”ki.k uR;kr lgÒkxh g¨rkr-

iq:”kkaps iFkd <Ÿk oktfo.;kdMs xkr o uR; djhr vR;ar osxkusiq<s tkrs- rlsp óh;kauh xk;YŸ;k xk.;kauk xk.;krwu mÙkj nsrkr-

MkW-x¨foan xkjs lkriqMÓkkrhYk fÒYYk tekrhph Yk duR;s ik-Ø-44 o 45 ueqn dsY¨ vkgs dh- vxLrh equhus lkriqMÓkkrhYklkr nqxZe ioZr vŸkkaMwu ÁFke naMdkj.;kr Áos’k dsYkk- R;kpekxkZus ÁÒq jkepaæ lhrslg iapoVhl ;sÅu jkfgY¨- okVsr vusdYk dkauh R;kaps Lokxr dsY - ‘kcjhus e¨BÓkk ÒähÒkokus ÁÒq jkepaækYkkpk[kYŸ¨ c¨js fnYkh-jke naMdkj.;kr ;s.;kiqoÊp gtkj¨ o”kkZiklwupfu”kkn] ‘kcj vkf.k fdjkr oa’kkP;k Yk dkaps rsF¨ okLrO; g¨rs- ^fu”kk/k jkT;* Eg.kwu ekGok] [kkans’k] foa/; o lkiqMÓkkpk Vkiwv¨G[kYkk tkbZ] fu”kkn] jkT;kr fÒYYk fdjkrkphLora«kjkT; g¨rh-xq.;k<;kP;k lfjR;klkxjkar fÒYYk jktkus d¨.kk ,dk jktkYkk foa/;ioZr vŸkkaM.;kl eTtko dsY;kpk bfrgklkr mYY¨[k vk<Gr¨-egkjk”VªkrhYk fÒYYk tekr ‘kcj fdaok fdjkr oa’kkph vlkoh vlsR;kP;k bfrgklko:u okVrs-

fÒYYk Yk dkauk ßfÒYYkÞ gs uko æfofM;uÒk”ö:u iMY¨-/kuq”;kYkk æfoMh;u Òk”¨r ßchYkÞ vls Eg.krkr- ¼/kuq”;½ /kkj.kdj.kkjs rs fÒYYk v’kh R;kaP;k ukokph O;qRirh lkax.;kr ;srs-

vgenuxj] ukfld ftYákiklwu iq<s fÒYYkkaph oLrh lq:g¨rs- R;kaph nkV oLrh ek«k /kqGs ¼if’pe [kkans’k½ tGxko ¼iqoZ[kkans’k½ Mkax] lqjr] ÒM¨p] iapegkYk] ftYgk rlsp e/;Áns’k ojktLFkkups dkgh ftYgs ;kr Ákeq[;kus vk<Grs- lkriqM;kP;kfÒYYkkafo”k;hvki.k [kwi ,sdr - i.k R;kP;k thoukph Li”V dYiukR;kauk ÁR;{k ifgY;kojp ;srs- egkjk”Vªkr rYk¨nk]uanqjckj] uokiqj]‘kgknk] vØk.kh] vôYkdqok] lkØh] dGo.k] ckxYkk.k] rkYkqD;kaP;kM axjnÚ;kr fÒYYkkaphoLrh vkgs- fÒYYkkaps vusd i¨VÁdkj Qjd

egkjk”VªkrhYk vkfnoklhph Yk¨duR;s lkekU;i.¨ ikolkGh‘¨rhph dkes vkVïY;koj ‘¨rkr fiads]MŸkq YkkxYkh dhlqxhP;kgaxkekr lq:g¨rkr- o”kZÒj dsYŸ;k Jekps lkQY; ‘¨rkrfidkP;k :ikus MqYkr vlrkr- d¨.kkl ukp.;k xk.;kph LQqrÊ;s.kkj ukgh lqxhP;k ÁlaxhokjYkh] Bkdj]x aM]dŸkke]d¨jdq] fÒYYk]vkikiY;k i/nhrhph uR;s djrkr- uR;s ikjaikfjd vlrkr-uR;kacj¨cj xk;u] vlrsp- R;kaph Yk¨dxhrs d¨.kh fYkgqu BsoYŸkhukghr- rh e¨BÓkkauh xkf;Ykh o Ykgkukauh ,sdwu eukar lkBfoYkh]v’kh gh ijaijk vkgs- R;kÁek.¨ vkfnoklh Yk¨duR;s dqBs f’kdoYkhtkr ukghr- ijarq tsOgk e¨Bh ek.kls uR;sdjrkr-R;kosGh YkgkueqY¨ R;kaP;k Òörh Qsj /k:u inU;kl Vkdko;kYkk f’kdrkr- v’khikjaikjhd uR;s ,dk fi<hdMwu nqlÚ;k fi<hdMs tkrkr-

lkriqMÓkkrhYk rMoh ¼fÒYYk½] d¨jdq] ikojk tekrhr g¨Gh]fnokGh o nljk l.ka e¨B;k mRlkgkus lktjs djrkr o v’kk ÁlaxhuR; o xk.;kps dk;ZØe ge[kkl dsY¨ tkrkr- ;k tekrhrg¨GhP;k l.kkYkk vuU;lk/kkj.k egRo vkgs- g¨GhP;k l.kkYkkloZ«k uR;s dsYkh tkrkr- R;kiSdh dkghuR;kar óh;k Òkx ?¨rkr-dkgh- uR;s óh;kaph Lora«k vlrkr- uR;kr <Ÿk okto.kkjk iq:”ke/;Òkxh mÒk jkgqu <Ÿk oktor - o óh;k ,desdÈP;k dejsYkkgkrkus /k:u <Ÿk okto.kkÚ;kdMs v/kZorqZGkdkj iq<s tkrkr oÁR;sd frljk inU;k;kP;kosGhvkiY;k ik;krhYk iSat.kkaoj nqljkik;kus vk?kkr d:u vkokt dk<rkr o uR; djrkr- ;k uR;karóh;k xk.khgh Eg.krkr o nqljk ÁdkjkP;k uR;kr<Ÿk oktfo.kkjke/;Òkxh mÒk jkgqu <Ÿk fotfor¨- o óh;k ,desdÈP;k dejslgkrkus /k:u orqZGkdkj uR; djhr] xkr <Ÿk oktfo.kkÚ;kdMs iq<stkrkr- ek«k ák Ádkjkr ik;koj vk?kkr d:u vkokt dsYkk tkrukgh-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 191 192fnokGhpk fnol osxosxGk BjfoYŸkk vlr¨- xkaokrhYk Áfr”Bhrek.kls] ikVhYk fnol fuf’pr djrkr- lekjaÒkP;k fno’kh jk«kh[kk. ] fi. ] laiY;koj ok|kP;k rkYkkoj óh&iq:”kkaph osxosxGh olkewnkf;d uR;s g¨rkr-

rMoh fÒYYkkps ßlktüh Yk¨duR;Þ gs rMoh eqYkh djrkaukfnlrkr- vk[kkth] o YkXu lekjaÒkr o xkot«¨P;k vkuan¨Rlokrlnjps Yk duR; eqYkh ák djrkauk fnlrkr-c©/n ok| ¼egkjh ok|kaoj½o;LdjefgYkk ns[khYk uR; djrkr- ;qorh] efgYkk ák YkXukP;kosGh gGnhP;k fno’kh jk«kh vax.kkr <ŸkP;k xtjkr ,desdhP;kgkrkr gkr ?öwu uR; djrkauk fnlrkr- ßlktüh uR;Þ gs rMohpsfo’¨”k efgYkk Yk¨duR; vkgs- rMoh fÒYYk lektkrhYk Yk duR;kr[kkYkh uewn ok|kpk mi;¨x dsYkk tkr¨-

vkfnekaP;k dsoG laLÑrhpk vfo”dkj Eg.kwup uOgs rjR;kaP;k nSuafnu thoukpk ,d vfoÒkT; ?kVd Eg.kwu ;k fofo/kuR;kadMs ikg.¨ ;¨X; BjsYk- v’kk uR;kae/;s Yk;c/nrk vkf.krkYkc/nrk ákcj¨cjp mRdVrk] ukne/kqjrk vkf.k f’kLr ;k x¨”Vhns[khYk Ád”kkZus vk<Grkr uR; dYkk gh R;kaph [kÚ;k vFkkZuslkewfgd dYkk g¨;- ÁR;sd vckYko/nkl rh voxr vlrs-R;keqGs loZtu ;k uR;krlgÒkxh göwu ,dk vohV vuqÒwrhpkvkuan ,df«kr miÒ¨xrkr R;kaP;k i;kZoj.kkrhYk ?kVdkaps ÁfrfcacR;k uR;kae/kwu ÁdVYŸ¨ fnlrs-mnk-cMk ekfM;k] rMoh] fÒYYk]leqg uR;krhYk ;qod&;qodrÈuhdk<YŸ¨ dkgh vkokt fdaokgqdkj vj.;kr okÚ;kph >qGd ;koh fdaok i{;kaph dqtcqt Ogkohvls vlrkr- rkYk vkf.k Yk; gh lq/nk fulxkZrqu LohdkjYŸkhfnlrs- ,dq.k R;kph uR;dYkk gh dY¨lkBh dYkk ukgh Ás{kdkalkBhrj eqGhp ukgh- frYkk Qkj rj dYkk thou Eg.krk- ;sbZYk i.kR;kgh is{kk lkFkZo.kZu Eg.kts r¨ R;kaP;kthoudY¨pk o thoukuankpkÒkxp vlr¨-

tk.kor¨-lkriqMk ioZrkP;k lkr jkaxk vkf.k rsFkhYk iBkjsikfgYkh dh d¨.kkYkkgh /kMdh Òjrs- ioZrkP;k nqxeZ jkaxk vŸkkagwutk.¨ egkd”Vkps vkgs- M axj] nÚ;k[k¨Ú;krqu jkuëkG iljYŸ;kjLR;kpk’k¨/k ?¨r tkos Ykkxrs- vôYkdqok] vØk.khegkYk] /kMxko]r¨j.kekG ;k ifjljkrhYk M axjiqMkaoj o nÚ;k[k¨Ú;kr jkg.kkÚ;kfÒYYkkauk ikojs] rMoh] olkok] oGoh] ekoph] /kkudk]eFkokMh]xkohrh d¨VY¨ ;k ukokaph v¨G[kY¨ tkrs- R;kaps thou vR;ard”Ve; vkgs- ;k d”Ve; thoukrqup R;kaph laLÑrh mxe ikoYkhvkgs- M axjnÚ;krhYk R;kaP;k d”Ve; thoukph dsoG dYiukdsYŸkh cjh A R;kaps thou ftfdjhps o nxnxhps vlrs- R;kapkeq[; /kank ‘¨rhpk vkgs-ijarq R;kaP;k ‘¨rhr Òjiwj /kkU; fidrukgh- fidYŸ¨ /kkU; tserse 6&7 efgus fVdrs- R;keqGs dkghefgus R;kauk v/kZi¨Vh] daneqGs [kkÅu fnol dk<kos Ykkxrkr-v’kkosGh R;kauk i©f”Vd vkgkj r¨ dk<wu feG.kkj \ R;kr R;kapsnk:ps O;luiM.kkÚ;k ikolkaoj fidsYk rs /kkU; dk<.;kph ÁoÙkhckdh fjdkek osG rs xIikx¨”Vhr] ukpxk.;kr] vkGlkr ?kkYkfo.kkjgh R;kaph ijaijk xsY;k ‘kaÒj o”kkZr R;kaP;k gtkj¨ ,dj lqihdtfeuh fcxj vkfnoklh /kfudkauh ?¨rY;k vkgsr- rs dtZcktkjhghvkgsr vkf.k ;sbZYk] R;k ifjfLFkrhr fnolkoj fnol rs Yk¨Vrtkrkr- fnYŸkk ‘kCn rs d/kh e¨Mr ukghr- R;klkBh osG iMY;kl? kjk arhYk lo Z fptoLrqph r s e¨Mr¨M djrhYklkodkjkpk ixMk R;kaP;koj Qkj g¨rk- r¨ vkrk cjkp deh>kYŸkk vkgs-

fÒYYk vkfnoklÈps thou ftrds d”Ve; frrdsp LoPNanhvkuanh] R;kaP;k :<h] ijaijs Áek.¨ uR;] l.k] mRlo] osGösGhlktjs g¨rkr- toGiklph fe«keaMGh ,d«k terkr] [kqi nk:firkr] xkrkr] ukprkr] R;kaph ^xko fnokGh* vkiY;k fnokGhuarj,d efgU;kus lq: g¨rs rhlaØkarh i;±r pkYkrs- ÁR;sd xkokrhYk xkao

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 193 194MQ foLrokoj ‘¨drkr- ßMQÞ ;k vjch ‘kCnko:u gk ‘kCnr;kj>kYkk vlkok vls rKkaps er vkgs-

Mkd % ;k ok|kph i“Bs xkbZP;k ‘okliVYkkph vlrkr-vkB R;kP;kvkdkjklkj[¨ gs ok| vlrs- ?k VÓkktoG cka/kwu Mkdoktfo.;kr ;srs- ,[kk|kP;k vaxkr vk.k.;klkBh] o”kZJ/nkP;k osGhvkf.k fgjO;k nsokP;k iwtk Álaxh gs ok| oktforkr-

ekanG % lkxokukP;k i¨dG xŸk vkMD;kl nÜgh r aMkYkkpkeMs cuowu gs ok| r;kjdsY¨ tkrs- e¨BÓkk r aMkYkk fpôh Ykkowuex gs ok| oktforkr] ák ok|kl ekanG fdaok eknj vls ghEg.krkr cŸkdhP;k vkdkjklkj[¨ gs ok| vlrs-

?kaxGh % gs oh.¨P;k vkdkjklkj[¨ ok| vlrs- ;k ok|krnü nq/kh HkïGs vlrkr- ,dk cktwYkk okdM;k r aMkph osGwphdkBh cka/kYŸkh vlrs- R;k dkBhYkk oh.¨P;k [kqaVÓkkÁek.¨ nü[kqaV;k clfoYŸ;k vlrkr- dkBhP;k okdM;k r aMkYkk o [kqV;kaukrkjk cka/krkr- gs n Ugh ÒïGs cxY¨rp :u Nkrhiq<s vkYŸ;kvkMO;k rkjkauk nÜgh gkrkauh NsMrkr o xk.¨ Eg.krkr- ,dkxkokr ,[kkns nqljkp ?kaxGh oknd vlr - ‘kqÒÁlaxh o vkuankP;kÁlaxh gs ok| oktforkr d.kljh Eg.kts ltukph nsork- d.kljhekrsP;k Lrqrhij /kkU;kph jkl idY;koj eqYkkaP;k tUeÁlaxh gsok| oktowu uR; djrkr- gs okjYkhps vkoMrs ok| vkgs-

rq.krq.¨ % i¨dGs ÒkaM;kYkk [kkYkP;k cktwus dekoYŸ¨dkrMs rk.kwu rkB clfoYŸ¨ vlrs- R;kYkk ?k¨M;kpk dsl fdaokrkj cka/krkr- oj ,d dkBh vlrs- vaxB;ktoGP;k c¨VkP;klkákus fdaok dkMhus vk?kkr d:u gs ok| oktforkr- gs rarqok|fo’¨”kd:u <Ÿkdh cj¨cj oktforkr-

rk’kk % gs VïYkhP;k vkdkjkus peZok| vkgs- nÜgh gkrkrdkMÓkk ?öwu xGÓkkr vMdfoYŸkkrk’kk oktforkr- rk’kk eaxYkÁlaxh

ok|s %& vkfnoklÈph ok|s R;kaP;k ifjljkr mYkC/k g¨.kkÚ;kouLirh o Ákf.kT;k oLrqiklwu r;kj dsYŸkh vlrkr- ok|s lk/khvlwu R;krhYk lkeqxzgh lk/khp vlrs- leqguR;kr lokZukp lgÒkxhg¨Åu vkuan YkqVrk ;kok gk Áeq[k gsrw vlr - Eg.kwu] rkYk] ukn]vkf.k xhrs ákr ,dÁdkjkph lgtrk vlrs- vR;ar lgti.¨rkYkc/n fØ;k urZdkdMwu ?kMr vlrkr- ;k uR;kaP;klkFkhYkk vl.kkjhpeZok| vkf.k brj ok|s R;kauk lgti.¨ miYkC/k vlrkr LFkkfudo uSlfxZd oLrwaP;k lkákus rs Lor%p cuforkr-

<Ÿk % gs ok| vkfnoklh uR;kr loZnwj Yk dfÁ; vkgs-cdjkP;k dekoYŸ;k dkrMÓkkus rs e<forkr-oktfo.;kiqoÊ <ŸkkYkkfoLrokoj ‘¨drkr- <Ÿkkps ,d r aM d/kh fVijhus] rj d/khnüdkM;kauh oktforkr- nqljs r aM c¨Vkauh o euxqVkus oktforkr- <Ÿkd/kh tfeuhoj Bsowu rjd/kh xG;kr vMdowu oktfoYkk tkr¨-nhM&nü’¨ óh&iq:”kkaP;k uR;kYkk lkFk ns.kkjk <Ÿkdh rlkpe¨Bk vlr¨- <Ÿkkpk /ouh xaÒhj o ?kqe.kkjk vlr¨- eaxYkÁlaxh<ŸkoknukYkk fo’¨”k egRo vlrs-

<Ÿkd % gs ok| vkaC;kP;k fdaok oMkP;k i¨dG YkkdMkaP;kv¨MD;kiklwu cuforkr- gkrkaP;k c¨Vkauh <Ÿkd oktforkr-<ŸkdkP;k n¨Ú;k lSYk d:u fdaok ?kÍ vk<owu vkoktkr- p<mrkjdjrk ;sr¨- cgqrsd vkfnoklh uR;kr <Ÿkd vlr¨- <ŸkD;kojphFkki Eg.kts ukpkYkk fuea«kd vls letrkr-

i¨xbZ % gs okD; <Ÿkklkj[¨p vlrs-ij eMD;kÁek.¨ ekrhÒktwu cufoYŸ¨ vlrs- ;kr ÒktYŸ;k ekrhP;k naMxŸkkP;k nÜghr aMkYkk dekoYŸ¨dkrMs clfoYŸ¨ vlrs-

MQ % gs peZok| vkgs- pkj rs ikp bap YkkdMh QkGhP;k ,dkxŸk dMsoj dekoYŸ¨ dkrMs e<forkr- gs ok| ckjhd dkM;kauhoktforkr- MQkpk vkokt d.kd.khr fu?kkok Eg.kwu oktfo.;kiqoÊ

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 195 196oktfo.;kph ÁFkk vkgs-fVedh % ekrhP;k okMX;klkj[;k ÒkaM;koj dkrMs dlwu

fVedh gs ok| cufoY¨ tr - NksV;k dkM;kauh dejsYkk cka/kwu gsok| oktforkr-

?kaqx: % gs ok| eq[;r% rkYkklkBh vlrs- i¨dG firGhxŸkkr vkokt ;s.;klkBh ,d Ykgkulk [kMk Vkdrkr- dkBhYkkfdaok dejsYkk ?kqaxjkP;k ekGk cka/krkr- R;krwu eatqG /ouh fu?kr¨-

fVI;k % YkkdMkP;k 12 rs 14 YkkachP;k dkB;k dkrqu xŸkdjrkr- R;kaph nÜgh V¨ds tjk’kh fueqGr¨ vlrkr- ØhMkÁ/kkuuR;kr rkYkklkBh v’kk fVijkapk mi;¨x dsYkk tkr¨-

ikok % MQkcj¨cj Ákeq[;kus ikok gs ok| vlrs- ckljhis{kkFk Ms e¨Bs vls gs ok| vkgs vMhp rs rhu QqV Ykkachps osGwiklwucufoYŸ¨ gs ok| vlrs- R;kYkk rsYk oxSjs Ykkowu R;kaph pkaxYkh fuxkjk[kkrkr-

ojhYk fofo/k Ádkjph ok|s fofo/k vkfnoklh uR;kaukt.kw dkgh deh iMrkr- Eg.kwu urZd dk<rkr- rkYkc/n VkGÓkk]tGw] fVijka’kh] Li/kkZp d:ikgrkr- fofo/k Ádkjps gksdkÚ;kvkf.k gqadkjrlsp i{;kaphdqtcwt okVkoh fdaok osGwP;k oukrwuokÚ;kph >qGdw xsY;koj vkokt vkfnoklh urZd vlY;kus gsekuoh vkokt vf/kdp[kqYkrkr- brdsp uOgs rj R;krquÒkoÒkoukgh ÁdV g¨rkauk fnlrkr- vkfnekaP;k ;k ok|kaphvuqÒwrh ?¨rY;koj vls okVq Ykkxrs dh] vuds vkfnoklhvkf.k xSj vkfnoklhpas nSor vlYŸ;k egknsokus uR;kP;k osGhMe: oktowu ukn;czá fuekZ.k dsY¨ o R;krqu ‘kCnl“Vh vorjYkh gh

dFkk [kjh vlkoh- R;k Álaxkphp ijaijk vkfnoklÈP;k uR; vkf.kok| ;kaP;k ek/;ekarwu ti.;kr vkYŸkh vlkoh-

vkfnoklÈph ftou jgL;e; vöqr vkgs- tso<s ‘kks/kkYkrso<s xolsYk- ;k x¨M ek.klkaP;k txkus o Òkjrkus fLodkj djkokgh ekQd vis{kk vkgs-

rMoh fÒYYk l.k mRlofofo/k Álaxh o dkGkr vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkgs ueqnÁek.¨ l.k]mRlo lktjk djrkr] rlsp vkuan¨Rlo gk lktjk djr vlrkr-xkaoÒaMkj] fufYkpkjh] ikYkq/kknso] okXnso] uo;k] M axhfnokbZ] xkaofnokGh]g¨Gh] fxEca]V¨:ck]rMoh fÒYYkkaps vkfnoklh nso & nsork;kgke¨xh ekrk] jktk ikaFkk]fou;k nso]i¨gYkhikaM¨j] fgokÚ;k] dkUlajk]M axjknso

v’kk Ádkjs rMoh fÒYYkkps nso&nsork gs fnlwu ;srkr- ;knsorkaps iqtk vpZuk gh fofo/k Álaxh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk gsdjrkauk fnlrkr-

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh 197 19819½ Yk¨d lkfgR; vkf.k laLÑrh n’kZu & MkW- ckiqjko nslkbZ20½ MkW- x.¨’k nsoh ;kapk Y¨[k Yk¨djkT;Qsczqokjh 2014 ¼iq-16]17]20½21½ lkriqM;krhYk fÒYYk & MWk-x¨foan xkjs22½ vkfnoklh leL;k vkf.k cnYkr lanÒZ MWk-x¨foan xkjs23½ vkfnoklh egkuk;dkaps pfj«k % ‘¨”kjko ,u- eMkoh-24½ Òkjrh; vkfnoklh MWk-xq:ukFk n-ukMx aMs25½ egkjk”VªkrhYk vkfnoklh& lqjs’kpaæ okj?kMs-26½ raVk fÒYYk & ckckÒkaM27½ raV;k fÒYYk & vuq- foYkkl ok?k28½ raV;k fÒYYk MWk-iqju lgxYk29½ Lokra«; lsukuh ohj eqYkfuoklh vkpk;Z ealkjke dqaejs30½ fcjlkeqaMk & MWk-e¨gu Òkxor31½ mYkxqYku fcjlk eqaMk dk vkanŸku& fp«kY¨[kk d©lYk-32½ fcjlk eqaMk v©j mudk vkanŸku& dqekj lqjs’k flag33½ egkjk”VªkrhYk vkfnoklh tekrh& MWk-x¨foan x¨js34½ Jherh-uolkckbZ xqYkkc rMoh m o 97 jk-iapd rk-pïMkft-tGxkao eqYkk[kr35½ Lo-‘kkodk mLeku rMoh m-o- 90 eq-i¨-dqlqack rk-jkosj ft-tGxko eqYkk[kr36½ Jherh- ‘kgkuqjckbZcYknkj rMoh m-o- 65 eq-i - dqalqack rk-jkosj ft-tGxko eqYkk[kr38½ Jherh- gluqjckbZ [kqnkc{k rMoh 3 o 67 eq-i -dqlqack gYYkhtGxko ft-tGxko eqYkk[kr39½ Jherh-tlwckbZ jktq rMoh m o 100 o”kZ jk-dqlqackrk-jkosjft-tGxko eqYkk[kr

lanÒZ lwph

1½ lkadsfrd vkf.k xqIr Òk”kk &MkW-ÁÒkdj ekaMs2½ Òk”kk o lkfgR; la’k¨/ku &laiknd MkW-olar l-t¨’kh]

&MkW-x-uk-t¨xGsdj3½ Jh pØn’kZu ¼egkuqÒokaP;k lkadsfrd fYkI;k½ MkW-;q-e-iBk.k4½ xkoxkMk & jk-fp-<sjs5½ Òkjr ds vkfnoklh esgrk & Ádk’kpæ esgrk ¼iq-55½6½ Jh jkepfjr ekul & vj.;dk.M7½ egkÒkjr ¼ejkBh vuqokn [kaM&2½vj.;iqoZ 4 dSjkriqosZ ;krhYk f’ko vtqZu ;q/n8½ f’koYkhYkk er v- 5 rs 189½ f’koLerh -2110½ egkÒkjr [kaM 1 vkfnioZ v-132 æ¨.k f’k”;kaps v/;;u;krhYk ,dYkoO;kps ;¨x/;ku11½ tGxkao ftYgk xW>sVh;j Áeq[k tkrh tekrh iq-205 rs 20812½ Òkjrh; laLÑrh d¨”k- laik ia-Yk{e.k ‘kkóh t¨’kh 2 ua- 6 iq-529

13½ lkriqM;krhYk fÒYYk ,sfrgkfld vkf.k lkekftd ekxök- Jhxksfoan xkjs14½ t«kk & vtht jf’kn rMoh15½ va/kkjkrqu mthGkdMa vtht jf’kn rMoh16½ vkfnoklh rMoh cŸkhÒk”¨rhYk ‘kCnlaxzg d¨’k rMoh ejkBhrMoh&vtht jf’kn rMoh17½ [kkans’kkpk lkaLÑfrd bfrgkl tkrh&tekrh [kaM-2e/khYk lkriqM;krhYk rMoh & lat; >saMs18½ QkaÅ.Ms’ku vkWQ YkWXost & jkcVZ xzs


Y¨[kdkcÌYk oS;fäd ekfgrh

1½ ukao % vtht jf’kn rMoh laidZ % 9923293985iÙkk % IYkkWV ua-53] CYkkd] ua-04] U;q Yk{ehuxj] ok?kuxj ,fj;k]lko[¨Mk f’kokj] tGxkao rkYkqdk tGxko ft-tGxkao egkjk”Vª-2½ f’k{k.k % ,e-,- ¼ejkBh½3½ lkfgR; % okM~-e;hu Lo:ikps Y¨[ku] dFkk]dknacjh] dkO; ovkfnoklh lektkpk la’k /kukRed vH;kl b-4½ la’k¨/ku % 11 ‘k¨/k isij vkarjjk”Vªh; ‘kks/k tuZye/;s izdkf’kr5½ Ádkf’kr iqLrds % 1½ ‘kqj fo|kFkÊ vkf.k Òqrs] ¼ckYkdknacjh½

2½ ekaxwfj;k ¼dFkklaxzg½3½ t«kk]¼rMoh cŸkh Òk”¨rhYk dFkklaxzg½4½ va/kkjkrqu mthGkdMa] ¼rMoh dknacjh½5½ rMoh cŸkh Òk”¨rhYk ‘kCnd¨’k6½ fe’ku pkaæk;ku&-2 ¼ckYkdkancjh½7½ lqQh ok.kh] ¼dkO; laxzg½8½ lkriqM;krhYk vkfnoklh rMoh]

lkaLÑfrd ijaijk o lkekftd pkfYkfjrh-9½ Òkjrh;vkfnoklh vkf.k czkãMkarhYk ,fYk;u-10½ vkfnoklh rMoh fHkYy lekt vkf.k laLdrh6½ iqjLdkj 1½ egkjk”Vª jkT; lkfgR; vkf.k laLÑrh eaMG eaqcbZ rQsZckYkdkancjh vuqnku lu 20012½ egkjk”Vª jkT; lkfgR; vkf.k laLÑrh eaMG eqacbZ rQsZ mRÑ”VckYkdkancjhpk ;’koarjko pOgk.k okM~-e;hu iqjLdkj lu 2002

40½ Jh-egscqc tcjk rMoh mo 88 o”kZ jk-ikMYkk rk-jkosj ft-tGxko eqYkk[kr41½ [kkans’kkrhYk vKkr vkfnoklh ohjiq:”k& lh-lh-jkBok42½ vkfnoklh lkfgR; ,oa lkaLÑfrd ifj”kn uanqjckj i-22]2443½ ,dk iFkkojhYk nü iaFk Òähvkf.k lqQh & MWk-vYkhe odhYk44½ vkfnoklh Yk¨duR;& MWk-‘©Yktk nsoxkaodj45½ vkfnoklh fo’o& MWk-l©-‘©Yktk nsoxkodj]MWk-‘k-x¨-nsoxkaodj48½ egkjk”Vª ‘kCnd¨’k& Jh-O;-dsrdj49½ Lo-ckcq[kkljnkj[kk rMoh jk-e¨gjn ft-tGxkao ekfgrh50½ Lo-fgjkckbZ ckcq[kk rMoh jk-dqlaqck ft-tGxko ekfgrh51½ jtk feYkkn xqzi uk;xkao] rk-;koYk ft-tGxkao52½ ‘k¨/k ;k«kk xkaostGxko] ÒqlkoG] cjgk.kiqj ¼e-Á-½ vtesj] ¼jktLFkku½ jkosj]pïMk] ;koYk] e¨gjn] e¨jOgkYk] ftUlh] vkÒ¨Mk] dqalqack] ekYk¨n]fu:G] ikMYkk] oMªh] iMlkGs] ikYk] f[kj¨nk] uf’kjkckn] c¨j[¨Mk]QStiqj] lkonk] dsjkGs] vMxko] dlkj[¨Mk53½ lkriqM;krhy vkfnoklh rMoh lkLdrhd ijaijk o lkekftdpkfyfjrh& vtht jf’kn rMoh54½ Hkkjrh; vkfnoklh vkf.k czkEgkaMkrhy ,fy;u& vthtjf’kn rMoh

vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k laLÑrh3½ egkjk”Vª jkT; lkfgR; vkf.k laLÑrh eaMG eqacbZ rQsZ vkfnoklhrMoh cŸkhÒk”¨rhYk rMoh&ejkBh rMoh ‘kCnlaxzg d¨’k iqLrdklvuqnku lu 20114½ fgan ifjokj ukxiwj rQsZ fo’o dkO; Áfr; fxrke/;s mRÑ”Vfganhdforkauk MWk-gfjoa’kjk; cPpu lUekui«k lu20065½ doh dS-Ák-ukjk;.k f’kjlkGs Lerh Áfr”Bku lferh tGxkaorQsZlUekui«k lu 20116½ tGxko ftYgk iŸkhl foÒkxkrhrQsZ iŸkhlkaP;k laosnukvketursi;±r i¨gpfo.¨dkeh cgqeŸk ;¨xnkukckcr LerhfpUglRdkj lu 2004

‘kks/k izca/k lkjka’k

,danjhr vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk gs fganw ukghr rlspeqfLYke rj eqGhp ukghr- R;kaph Lora«k v’kh fÒYYk vkfnoklhrMoh laLÑrh fnlwu ;srs- R;kP;k :<h] ijaijk] pkYkhfjR;k] Òk”kk]lkekftd furhfu;es]e©f[kd o vfYkf[kr lkfgR; laink] U;k;iapk;r][kkuiku] isgjko] i¨’kk[k] vkÒq”k.¨] fOnÒk”khd Yk¨dthou] olaLÑrh gh vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYkkaph Lora«k lkaLÑfrd ijaijkn’kZforkr- vkt 21 O;k ‘krdkr fg rs vkiY;k fÒYYk vkfnoklho rMoh vkfnoklh laLÑrh Áek.¨ txrkuk] vkpj.k djrkauk]okxrkauk fnlrkr- R;kauk vkiY;k laLÑrhpk vfÒeku o LokfÒekugk R;kaps lkekftd thouekukrwu ÁdVrkauk vki.kkal fnlwu ;sr¨-R;kauk dkgh la’k¨/kd gs fganw fdaok eqfLYke laLÑrh’kh laca/k t¨Mrkrr¨ pqdhpkp EgVYkk ikfgts- gs ek>s oS;fäd er fu”d”kZ vkgs ;kr‘kadk ukgh-

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vkfnoklh rMoh fÒYYk lekt vkf.k lLa Ñrh Harshwardhan ... · fnlrkr- ekuoh lH;rps k ‘k¨/k ?¨rk...

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