Siwei (VIVI) Cai

Nuclear power is the use of exothermic nuclear. The processes generates useful heat and electricity.

http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/the-curious-wavefunction/2013/08/22/nuclear-vs-renewables-a-tale-of-disparities/ http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2012/09/18/the-party-platforms-on-energy-and-nuclear/

Nuclear energy heat energy mechanical energy electrical energy

http://box804.bluehost.com/suspended.page/disabled.cgi/buildtheenterprise.org

http://box804.bluehost.com/suspended.page/disabled.cgi/buildtheenterprise.org

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70% Fixed costs for construction

20% Fixed operations (cost/kWh): depends on reliability of plant

10% Variable operations: maintenance, repair, and fuel

Not including

Decommissioning, waste disposal and waste management, risk of a meltdown, environmental and human harm

China’s electricity is largely produced from fossil fuels with about 80% coming from coal.

The Chinese loss 6% of GDP

due to pollution.

http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/world.cfm

Low operating and maintenance costs compared to coal due to fuel costs.

Uranium cost: $0.5-$0.66 /kWh

coal cost: $1.6-$7.9 /kWh

Less capital costs compared to U.S AP 1000

China : $1600-$2000/kW

USA: about $6000/kW

The first nuclear power plan was in 1970 and nuclear plant was constructed in 1991.

http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-A-F/China--Nuclear-Power/

Reason: construction techniques are very

efficient and involve low labor costs.

For example: Britain signed a $25.9 billion contract

location: Hinkley point

Chinese companies have stakes but bear about 30% to

40% of the project cost.

benefit: majority stake, develop its own reactors and

rely on foreign technology

Benefit Cost

emission-free radioactive waste

no intermittency problem nuclear accidents

low operating and maintenance costs

nuclear weapon

can provide a good base load of electricity

Non Renewable

a high amount of electrical energy in one single plant

high construction costs

The external costs are significantly less

file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/Nuclear+power+development+for+Greenhouse+Gas+emission+reduction+in+China.pdf

Increase Economy Increase tax revenue

$400 billion * 7%=$28 billion

higher return on investment compared to other new energy

ROI for nuclear power: 23%

ROI for solar power: 7~12%

ROI for wind power: 5~6%

Nuclear waste Cannot dispose, only store away.

6 million years to reduce the radioactivity of a uranium ore.

two existed LILW facilities but no HLW facilities.

Beilong facility located in Guangdong (above ground)

Yumen facility located in Gansu (under ground)

http://nautilus.org/napsnet/napsnet-special-reports/an-initial-exploration-of-the-potential-for-deep-borehole-disposal-of-nuclear-wastes-in-china/#axzz2wB72AXeN

http://lewis.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/4281/i-still-call-it-the-jaec

Canada is a good symbol for China massive funds for cleaning.

Estimated an $18.7 billion cleanup cost but only $420 million has been allotted

Solution: a deep geological disposal method choosing a best position

Reasons: 1) Less population 2) No mineral resources 3) Favourable geological conditions (moorstone)

Barriers Not many laws to regulate nuclear waste management and

disposal in China.

the budget on HLW activities is relatively low.

E.g $2.5 to $5 billion total in the years 2045 to 2070

http://followkarenellis.com/fukushimajapan-2-years-later-after-tsunami-and-nuclear-disaster/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_nuclear_weapons

Energy Source Mortality Rate(deaths/trillionkWhr)

Coal – global average 170000

Coal – China 280000

Coal – U.S. 15000

Oil 36000

Natural Gas 4000

Biofuel/Biomass 24000

Solar (rooftop) 440

Wind 150

Hydro-global average 1400

Nuclear-global average 90

Highly probable a nuclear disaster will occur “most probably” experience a major nuclear accident

within the next 69 year. (why?)

14767(reactor-years)/23(number of accidents)=624

China: 4922(reactor-years)/71(by 2020)= 69

less capital cost (benefit or cost?)

Solution Apply strict rules and provide guidelines

1. Safety check at all nuclear facilities

2. Strengthen the approval

Barriers Lack of technicians (5000~6000)

Developing newer and safer ways of power generations.

Increase public awareness

Increase public education

http://www.businessinsider.com/chinas-projected-nuclear-energy-usage-2013-7#ixzz2wGnyYIy5

http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2013-11/07/content_17086701.htm

http://econet.ca/issues/mining/green_alt.html

http://world.time.com/2013/10/18/what-chinas-growing-nuclear-power-means-for-the-world/

http://www.nbcnews.com/id/42219006/ns/world_news-asia_pacific/t/chinas-nuclear-energy-policy-build-baby-build/#.UuTpN_vhVgt

http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Current-and-Future-Generation/World-Energy-Needs-and-Nuclear-Power/

https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/5808-Chinese-nuclear-disaster-highly-probable-by-2-3-

http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2012/06/10/energys-deathprint-a-price-always-paid/

http://nautilus.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/China_Zhou_May-28th-2013-version-2.pdf