Vitamins Complex organic substances vital to life – Uses tiny amounts – Only a millionth of a...
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Transcript of Vitamins Complex organic substances vital to life – Uses tiny amounts – Only a millionth of a...
Vitamins
• Complex organic substances vital to life– Uses tiny amounts– Only a millionth of a gram
• Known of Vitamins importance since the
mid 1700’s• Technology to research them
since the 1900’s
Scurvy
• Deficiency of Vitamin C–Malaise, lethargy, shortness of
breath, bone pain, loose teeth, poor healing…
– 1700’s problem with the British Soldiers
Beriberi
• Disease of the nervous system– partial paralysis, weakness, mental
confusion and death
• 1880’s Japanese Navy surgeon treated it by adding meats & vegetables to sailors’ diets
• Vitamin B1
Vitamins
• Between 1915-1948 more than a dozen vitamin's were discovered– Starting with Vitamin A and ending
with Vitamin B12
Vitamin Function
• Perform specific functions in the body by working with compounds called enzymes
• Enzyme function is slower and less effective without Vitamins– Long term there for short term
deficiency is not as serious
Vitamins you need
• Organic found only in living things
• Human body cannot synthesize most
• Supplied in foods or dietary supplements
Water-Soluble Vitamins
• Dissolve in water• Found in the water that’s
present in foods• Circulates freely in the blood
and cell fluids• Limited storage • Best consumed daily
Water-Soluble Vitamins
• Vitamin C : Formation of collagen, brain hormones, immunity, antioxidant
• Citrus fruits, broccoli, strawberries, melon, green pepper, tomatoes, dark green vegetables, potatoes
Water-Soluble Vitamins
• Thiamin (Vitamin B1): Releases energy from foods, promotes normal appetite, nervous system function
Water-Soluble Vitamins
• Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Release energy from food, promotes vision & healthy skin
Water-Soluble Vitamins
• Niacin Vitamin B3: Energy production from foods, acid digestion, normal appetite, healthy skin, nerves
Water-Soluble Vitamins
• Vitamin B6: Aids in protein metabolism, red blood cell formation, helps body use fat
Water-Soluble Vitamins
• Folic Acid: aids in protein metabolism, red blood cell formation, prevents birth defects –spine and brain, prevents heart disease
Water-Soluble Vitamins
• Vitamin B 12: Aids in building genetic materials, development of red blood cells and maintenance of the nervous system
Water-Soluble Vitamins
• Pantothenic Acid: energy & hormones
• Biotin: releases energy from carbs, aids in fat synthesis
Fat Soluble Vitamins
• Vitamin A: form skin & mucous membranes, increase resistance to infections, bone & tooth development, antioxidant
Fat Soluble Vitamins
• Vitamin D: hardening of bones and teeth, increase absorption of calcium
• Synthesized by sunlight action on skin
Fat Soluble Vitamins
• Vitamin E: protects A & E & fatty acids, prevents damage to cell membranes, antioxidant
Fat Soluble Vitamins
• Vitamin K: Helps blood to clot
Minerals
• 17 essential to humans• Inorganic elements needed by
your body • Further chemical reactions in
the body– Often work together with Vitamins
• Sturdy nutrients
Minerals
• Major Minerals: 0.1g or more needed daily
• Trace Minerals: 0.01g or less needed daily
(Major Minerals) Sodium & Potassium
• Maintain fluid balance in the body
• Helps nerve impulses and sensations to be transmitted
• Potassium – muscle contractions, heart beat
(Major Minerals) Calcium & Phosphorus
• 99% of bodies calcium is in the bones
• With phosphorus it provides strength and structure
• Calcium plays a role in clotting, muscle action, heart rate and fluid balance
Deficiency of Calcium
• Osteoporosis: A loss in bone density due to a prolonged deficiency of calcium
• Calcium is so important the body will pull it from the bones if you do not get it in your diet
(Trace Minerals) Iron
• Forms part of hemoglobin which carries O2
• Body will store and recycle
(Trace Minerals) Zinc
• Needed to form proteins• Role in making DNA• Metabolized carbs and helps
digestion• Aids in healing
(Trace Minerals) Manganese
• Aides enzymes that metabolize protein and release energy
• Needed for bone growth & nervous system function
(Trace Minerals) Fluoride
• Mineralization of bones and teeth
• Works with Phosphorus and Calcium
• Strengthen bones and help teeth resist cavities