VITAMINS

1. VITAMIN A (Retinol/

Retinoic acid)- Retinol is the

constituent of retinal pigment RHODOPSIN.

1. VITAMIN A (Retinol/

Retinoic acid)- Retinol is the

constituent of retinal pigment RHODOPSIN.

FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

DEFICIENCY:DEFICIENCY:

1. Increased thickness of squamous epithelia

2. Bitot’s spots

3. Xerophthalmia

4. Keratomalacia

5. Follicular hyperkeratosis

1. Increased thickness of squamous epithelia

2. Bitot’s spots

3. Xerophthalmia

4. Keratomalacia

5. Follicular hyperkeratosis

EXCESS:EXCESS:

Rare Cases:

Bleeding

Hepatosplenomegaly

Carotenemia

Rare Cases:

Bleeding

Hepatosplenomegaly

Carotenemia

FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINSFAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

2. VITAMIN D (CHOLECALCIFEROL)-Active component is 1,25-Dihydroxy-cholecalciferol-Causes MINERALIZATION of bone and teeth

2. VITAMIN D (CHOLECALCIFEROL)-Active component is 1,25-Dihydroxy-cholecalciferol-Causes MINERALIZATION of bone and teeth

DEFICIENCY:DEFICIENCY:

1. RICKETS

2. OSTEOMALACIA

EXCESS:EXCESS:

HYPERCALCEMIA leading to METASTATIC CALCIFICATION

AND RENAL DAMAGE

HYPERCALCEMIA leading to METASTATIC CALCIFICATION

AND RENAL DAMAGE

FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

3. VITAMIN E (ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL)

ANTIOXIDANT-neutralizes free radicals for cells to live longer

3. VITAMIN E (ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL)

ANTIOXIDANT-neutralizes free radicals for cells to live longer

DEFICIENCY:DEFICIENCY:

1. Increased hemolysis of RBCs1. Increased hemolysis of RBCs

FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

4. VITAMIN K (PHYLLOQUINONE)

-Required for synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors

-Anti-hemorrhagic vitamin

4. VITAMIN K (PHYLLOQUINONE)

-Required for synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors

-Anti-hemorrhagic vitamin

1. Hypoprothrombinemia

2. Excessive bleeding

3. Hemophilia B (Christmas disease)

DEFICIENCY:DEFICIENCY:

WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

1.VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID)

-Required for synthesis of collagen and osteoid

-Vitamin C deficiency is often secondary to hyperparathyroidism

1.VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID)

-Required for synthesis of collagen and osteoid

-Vitamin C deficiency is often secondary to hyperparathyroidism

1. SCURVY 2. IMPAIRED WOUND HEALING

DEFICIENCY:DEFICIENCY:

WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

2. VITAMIN B1 (THIAMINE)

-Coenzyme in decarboxylase systems

- Required for synthesis of acetylcholine

2. VITAMIN B1 (THIAMINE)

-Coenzyme in decarboxylase systems

- Required for synthesis of acetylcholine

DEFICIENCY:DEFICIENCY:

1.Beriberi2.Wernicke’s syndrome3.Korsakoff’s

syndrome

1. Transient flushing

2. Dizziness

1. Transient flushing

2. Dizziness

EXCESS:EXCESS:

WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

3. VITAMIN B2 (RIBOFLAVIN)

-Constituent of FLAVOPROTEINS

3. VITAMIN B2 (RIBOFLAVIN)

-Constituent of FLAVOPROTEINS

1. Cheilosis

2. Glossitis

3. Angular stomatitis

4. Corneal vascularization

DEFICIENCY:DEFICIENCY:

WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

4. VITAMIN B3 (NIACIN)- Constituent of NAD and NADP

DEFICIENCY:DEFICIENCY:

PELLAGRA

WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

5. VITAMIN B6 (PYRIDOXINE)

-Coenzyme for decarboxylase and transaminase systems

1. Glossitis

2. Blepharitis

3. Dermatitis

4. Cheilosis

5. Peripheral neuropathy

6. Sideroblastic

anemia

1. Glossitis

2. Blepharitis

3. Dermatitis

4. Cheilosis

5. Peripheral neuropathy

6. Sideroblastic

anemia

DEFICIENCY:DEFICIENCY:

Transient paresthesia

EXCESS:EXCESS:

WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

6. 7.

DEFICIENCY:DEFICIENCY:

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

SPINAL CORD DEGENERATION