Vitamin - andreacropley.weebly.com€¦ · Vitamin K DRI: Men= 120ug Women=90ug UL: No set UL...
Transcript of Vitamin - andreacropley.weebly.com€¦ · Vitamin K DRI: Men= 120ug Women=90ug UL: No set UL...
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VitaminAndrea Walsh
HLSC 415
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Vitamin K
Fat-soluble vitamin
Promotes formation of blood clots
Assists in bone formation
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Vitamin K sources
Green leafy vegetables
Spinach, raw (3 cups)
Turnip greens, raw (3 cups)
Kale, cooked (1/2 cup)
Broccoli (1/2 cup)
Romaine lettuce (1 ½ cups)
http://absandflabs.wordpress.com/2009/09/28/the-benefits-of-
green-vegetables/
Insel, Turner, Ross, 2007
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Vitamin K
DRI:
Men= 120ug
Women=90ug
UL:
No set UL
Stored in liver and found
in bone
Body excretes vitamin K
more rapidly than other
fat-soluble vitamins.
Insel et al, 2007
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Osteoporosis
Bone disease
Decreased bone mineral density
Appearance of small holes due
to mineral loss
Risk factors
Family history of osteoporosis
Female
Advanced age
Low testosterone in men
Anorexia nervosa/ bulimia
nervosa
Low vitamin and mineral intake
“Silent disease”
Develops over years
No symptoms
http://www.medassoc.com/Services/Diagnostics/Bone%2
0Mineral%20Density/bone_density_testing.htm
Insel et al, 2007
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Osteoporosis
Bone mass peaks
around age 30
By age 65, some
women have lost half
their skeletal mass
estrogen levels
accelerate bone loss
http://mkmercer.com/osteoporosisevaluation.htm
Insel et al, 2007
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What is the relationship between vitamin K
and osteoporosis?
Research Question
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Effect of vitamin K2 treatment on
carboxylation of oseocalcin in early
postmenopausal women
Yasui, T., Miyatani, Y., Tomita, J., Yamada, M., Uemura, H., Miura, M., & Irahara, M.
www(2006). Effect of vitamin K2 treatment on carboxylation of osteocalcin in early
wwwpostmenopausal women. Gynecological Endocrinology: The Official Journal Of The
wwwInternational Society Of Gynecological Endocrinology, 22(8), 455-459.
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Background
Osteocalcin
Bone specific protein
Vitamin K is necessary for the carboxylation of
osteocalcin.
Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin (uc OC)
Sensitive marker in vitamin K status
Indicator risk of hip fractures
uc OC in osteoporotic patients
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Overview
Study design
Experimental
Clinical trial
Objective
Early postmenopausal
women
Examine uc OC levels
Bone turnover markers
vitamin K2 and combination
vitamin K2 and D3.
Location of study
Japan
http://www.finnair.com/japan/en/
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Subjects
34 postmenopausal women
Mean age= 53
Bone mass density(BMD)
<0.809g/cm2
Vitamin K2 group
17 women
Received 45mg vitamin K2 daily
Vitamin K2+D3 group
17 women
Received 45mg K2 +
0.75ug vitamin D3 daily
http://seetell.jp/1772
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Statistics
Descriptive statistics
Mean
Standard deviation
Inferential statistics
Paired t-test
ANOVA
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Results
Serum OC levels in vitamin K2 did not show significant
changes.
BMD in vitamin K2 group alone significantly at 1
and 2 years while no significant changes were seen in
the vitamin K2 + D3 group
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Results
Serum uc OC level
significantly after 1
year in the vitamin K2
group
Serum uc OC level
significantly after 1 and
2 years in vitamin K2 +D3
group
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Strengths
P-value presented
future studies needed
Weaknesses
Lack of participants
30 of the 35 participated
Research question
unclear
External validity
Sample size
Female http://thevirtualvagabond.com/2011/03/16/how-to-
find-the-strength-in-your-weakness-and-do-what-you-
love/
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What is the relationship between vitamin K
and osteoporosis?
Research Question
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Vitamin K2 treatment for
postmenopausal osteoporosis in
Indonesia
Purwosunu, Y., Muharram, Rachman, I., Reksoprodjo, S., & Sekizawa, A. (2006).
Vitamin K2 wwwtreatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Indonesia. Journal of
Obstetrics & wwwGynaecology Research, 32(2), 230-234.
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Study Design
Experimental
Clinical Trial
Objective
Bone mineral density(BMD)
Bone metabolic marker
Postmenopausal women
Location of study
Indonesia
http://www.destination360.com/asia/indonesia
Overview
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Subjects
212 postmenopausal
women screened
69 women were eligible
Vitamin K2 group
45mg/day vitamin K2
and 1500 mg/day
calcium carbonate
Control group
Placebo and 1500
mg/day calcium
carbonate
http://www.umc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=lwL4KnN1LtH&
b=2072519&ct=5081707
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Results
The uc OC level decreased in the vitamin K2 group and the
control group.
The difference between both groups were significant.
Vitamin K2 group =
Control group =
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Results
Significant difference in lumbar BMD between the
two groups at week 48
Vitamin K2 group showed an in bone mass of
the lumbar spine, in control group
Vitamin K2 =
Control =
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Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
Mean
Standard deviation
Standard error of the
mean (SEM)
Inferential Statistics
T-test
Mann-Whitney
Wilcoxon
ANOVA
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Research question clearly stated
Graphs and tables well labeled
P-value
Identified limitations of study
Lack of participants
69 out of 212 participated
External validity
Sample size
Female
Conclusion unclear
Strengths Weaknesses
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Conclusion
Vitamin K2 assists in bone mass density
Vitamin K2 circulating uc OC levels
Vitamin K2 + D3 circulating uc OC levels
What is the relationship between vitamin K and
osteoporosis?
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Future Research
Track dietary intake of vitamin K, vitamin D and calcium in the participants
Investigate the relationship between vitamin K and vitamin D
Clarify the issue of uc OC levels increasing in early postmenopausal stage.
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http://www.healthfixdaily.com/?p=510