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![Page 1: Vitamin requirements vary from species to species and are influenced by age, sex, and physiological conditions such as pregnancy, breast-feeding,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649f085503460f94c1d139/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Biotin &
folacinPreapared by:
NasraEbtissam
Sukina
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Vitamins are essential organic compounds
that the animal organism is not capable of forming itself, although it requires them in small amounts for metabolism.
Most vitamins are precursors of coenzymesprecursors of hormones
or act a antioxidants
Color atlas of biochemistry
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Vitamin requirements
vary from species to species and are influenced by age, sex, and physiological conditions such as pregnancy, breast-feeding, physical exercise, and nutrition.
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:Vitamins are classified as
The lipid-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E, and K
the water-soluble vitamin include vitamins B1(thiamin) ,B2 (riboflavin),folic acid (folcine),
H(biotin) .
Color atlas of biochemistry
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Biotin Vitamin
H
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Vitamin H (biotin)
present in liver, egg yolk, and other foods. synthesized by the intestinal flora.
Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry
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Biochemical role of biotin:
In the body, biotin is covalently attached via a lysine side chain to enzymethat catalyze carboxylation reactions.
Biotin-dependent carboxylases include pyruvate carboxylase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
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CO2 binds, using up ATP, to one of the two N atoms of biotin.
Play an important role in fat, amino acid,and carbohydrate metabolism.
Color atlas of biochemistry
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Biotin deficiency
• Biotin deficiency is extremely rare.• Some potential causes of biotin deficiency are:
intravenous feeding .eating raw egg whites on a regular basis.carboxylase deficiency.Supplementing with biotin appears
• helpful for the treatment of this deficiency.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-biotin.html
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Deficiency disease
Impaired fat and carbohydrate metabolism
alopecia and a characteristic scaly, erythematous dermatitis
Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, www.pubmed.com
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Folacin
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Folacin
*Folic acid, folate,vit.B9
*water-soluble vitamin
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Source
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Biochemical role -Essential role in
Metabolism
-Red blood cells, white blood cells, or cells of the intestinal mucous membrane
•pharmacotherapy
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Biochemical role
monoglutamate
Small intestine
tetrahydrofolate
cobalamin-dependent reaction
Folacin (polyglutamate form )
pharmacotherapy
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tetrahydrofolate
Biochemical role
choline
methionine
pyrimidine
carrier
purine
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Biochemical role
-decrease the incidence of neural tube defects without masking occult vitaminB12 deficiency.
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Deficiency of folacin
Causes:
Inadequate dietary intake
malnutrition
malabsorptionincreased utilization
Martindale
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Risk factors:
*Pregnancy or lactation*malignancy
*liver disease*alcoholism
*chronic hemolytic anemia
*Elevated homocysteine level in the blood
http:/www.springboard4health.com
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Symptoms:
*Sore mouth*Diarrhea
*Irritability and forgetfulness
Handbook of nonprescription drugs
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Diseases
*Megaloblastic Anemia-
-Affects cells that are dividing rapidly -they have a large requirement for
thymidine for DNA synthesis.
-affects the bone marrow
http:/www.springboard4health.com
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Diseases
*environmental carcinogens.
*promotes the breakage of chromosomes at fragile sties.
*prohibit normal differentiation and replication
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