Vitamin B² & B³
-
Upload
remedios-bandong -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Vitamin B² & B³
-
7/25/2019 Vitamin B & B
1/14
Vitamin B & B
Ribofavin &
Niacin
-
7/25/2019 Vitamin B & B
2/14
Vitamin B2
(Ribofavin)
Click icon to addpicture
Ribofavin is sometimes called B2. It isdestroyed by light and irradiation and isunstable in alkalis.
-
7/25/2019 Vitamin B & B
3/14
FunctionsRibofavin is essential orcarbohydrate, at, and proteinmetabolism. It is also necessary ortissue maintenance, especially the
skin around the mouth, and orhealthy eyes. Ribofavin is absorbedin the small intestine.
ourcesRibofavin is !idely distributed in
animal and plant oods but in smallamounts. "ilk , meats, poultry, #sh,and enriched breads and cereals aresome o its richest sources.
-
7/25/2019 Vitamin B & B
4/14
Re$uirementsRibofavin is measured inmilligrams. %he average adultemale daily re$uirement isthought to be &.& mg, and the
adult male re$uirement is &.'mg. %he ribofavinre$uirement appears toincrease !ith increasedenergy e(penditure. %here$uirement does not diminish
!ith age.
-
7/25/2019 Vitamin B & B
5/14
A deciency o ribofavin can
result in ceilosis! a conditioncaracteri"ed by sores on te lipsand te cracks at te corners ote mout# $lossitis %infammationo te tonue'! dermatitis! and eyestrain in te orm o itcin!burnin! and eye atiue#
)e#ciencyBecause o te small (uantities oribofavin in oods and its limitedstorae in te body! deciencies oribofavin can develop# )e eneroususe o at ree milk in te diet is a
ood *ay to prevent deciency otis vitamin# +t is important! o*ever!tat te milk be stored in opa(uecontainers because ribofavin can bedestroyed by lit# +t appears tatber la,atives can reduced ribofavinabsorption! and teir used over lonperiods sould be discouraed#
-
7/25/2019 Vitamin B & B
6/14
-
7/25/2019 Vitamin B & B
7/14
%o(icityNo kno*n )o,icity
Treatment-Diet
High-riboflavin foods (such as meats; enriched flour;
milk and other dairy products; green, leafy
vegetables; eggs; and cereal)
Treatment-Medications
Supplemental oral riboflavin
*ursing Interventions+Administer prescribed supplements, such asoral riboflavin and others, as indicated by
associated deficiencies.
+nlist the aid of a nutritional therapist ordietitian for assistance !ith meal planning and
appropriate food choices; encourage the intake
of foods high in riboflavin (such as meats, fish,
eggs, milk, green vegetables) and enriched
food products.+"rovide soothing drinks and soft non-irritatingfoods if the patient has cheilosis and a sore
tongue.
+"romote comfort measures and rest periodsas appropriate.
+Assist !ith skin care measures; encouragethe patient to keep affected areas clean and
dry.
+"rovide care for the underlying conditioncausing the deficiency, as appropriate.
-
7/25/2019 Vitamin B & B
8/14
Vitamin B3
(Niacin)
Niacin %also kno*n as vitamin B.or nicotinic acid'
/avin enou niacin!orvitamin B.!in te body is important
or eneral ood ealt# As a treatment! ier amounts oniacincan improve colesterol levelsand lo*er cardiovascular
risks#
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-58189/b-3+niacin+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-924-niacin+and+niacinamide+vitamin+b3.aspx?activeingredientid=924&activeingredientname=niacin+and+niacinamide+(vitamin+b3)http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-924-niacin+and+niacinamide+vitamin+b3.aspx?activeingredientid=924&activeingredientname=niacin+and+niacinamide+(vitamin+b3)http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-924-niacin+and+niacinamide+vitamin+b3.aspx?activeingredientid=924&activeingredientname=niacin+and+niacinamide+(vitamin+b3)http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/video/how-safe-is-niacinhttp://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbershttp://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbershttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/video/how-safe-is-niacinhttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-924-niacin+and+niacinamide+vitamin+b3.aspx?activeingredientid=924&activeingredientname=niacin+and+niacinamide+(vitamin+b3)http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-58189/b-3+niacin+oral/details -
7/25/2019 Vitamin B & B
9/14
ources)e best sources o niacin are meats! poultry! and s# 0eanuts and oter leumes arealso ood sources! 1nriced breads and cereals also contain some# 2ilk and es donot provide niacin per servin! but tey are ood sources o its precursor! tryptopan%an amino acid'# Veetable and ruits contain little niacin#
Functions
Niacin serves as co en"yme in enerymetabolism and conse(uently isessential to every body cell# +naddition! niacin is essential or teprevention o pellara# 0ellara is adisease caracteri"ed by sores on te
skin and by diarroea! an,iety!conusion! irritability! poor memory!di""iness and untimely deat i letuntreated# Niacin! *en used as acolesterol3lo*erin aent! must beclosely supervised by a pysician
because o possible adverse sidee4ects suc as liver damae andpeptic ulcers#
-
7/25/2019 Vitamin B & B
10/14
Re$uirementsNiacin is measured in as a niacine(uivalent %N1'# 5ne N1 e(uals 6 mo niacin or 78 m tryptopan! )eeneral recommendation is a dailyintake o 69 m:N1 or adult *omen
and 67 m:N1 or adult men# Becausee,cessive amounts o niacin avecaused fusin due to vasculardilation %e,pansion o blood vessels'!sel prescribed doses o niacinconcentrate sould be discourae!5ter symptoms includesastrointestinal problems and itcin#
+ e,cessive amounts o niacin areinested! liver damae may result#
-
7/25/2019 Vitamin B & B
11/14
Deficiency
A deficiency of niacin is apt toappear if there is a deficiency of
riboflavin. Symptoms of niacin
deficiency include !eakness,
anore#ia, indigestion, an#iety, and
irritability. $n e#treme cases,
pellagra may occur.
Treatment-Activity%ed rest during acute stage or in
severe cases
Treatment-MedicationsSupplemental %-comple# vitamins
&iacin'opical emollients for skin lesions
-
7/25/2019 Vitamin B & B
12/14
*ursing Interventions+Administer prescribed supplements!
suc as oral niacin and oter Bvitamins! as ordered#+1nlist te aid o a nutritionalterapist or dietitian or assistance*it meal plannin and appropriateood coices#
+0rovide li(uid or pureed oods i tepatient is e,periencin dyspaiarom lossitis#+0romote comort measures and restperiods as appropriate#+Apply topical emollients to skinlesions as ordered#++nstitute saety measures ineuroloic maniestations arepresent#+Reorient te patient as necessary#
+0rovide care or te underlyincondition causin te deciency! as
-
7/25/2019 Vitamin B & B
13/14
ToxicityFlushing- !hich is prostaglandin-
mediated, is more common !ithimmediate-release preparations. $t may be
more intense after alcohol ingestion,
aerobic activity, sun e#posure, and
consumption of spicy foods. lushing is
minimied if niacin is taken after meals or
if aspirin (*+ mg, !hich may !ork better
than lo!er doses) is taken * to minbefore niacin . 'he chance of severe
flushing can be reduced by starting
immediate-releaseniacin at a lo! dose (eg,
mg tid) and increasing it very slo!ly.
Hepatotoxicity- may be more common!ith some sustained-release preparations.
Some authorities recommend checkinglevels of uric acid, blood glucose, and
plasma aminotransferases every / to 0 !k
until the dose of niacin has been stabilied.
-
7/25/2019 Vitamin B & B
14/14