Vital Signs, Oxygen & Medical Emergencies

Warning:

blood and guts to follow !

Vital Signs

Vital Signs

Oxygen Therapy

Oxygen Devices

Chest Tubes and Lines

Vital Signs

Indication of Homeostasis

Primary Mechanisms Heart beat Blood pressure Body temperature Respiratory rate Electrolyte

balance

Physical assessment include measurement of vital signs

Body Temperature

Pulse

Respiration

Blood Pressure

Mental Status

Body Temperature

Normal average body temperature: 98.6 F

Humans can survive between 106 F and 93.2 F.

Hypothermia Hyperthermia

Measuring Body Temperature

Oral Rectal Axillary Tympanic

Pulse

Pulse rate: Adult = 60 to 100 beats per minute

Children under 10 = 70 to 120 beats per minute

Tachycardia Bradycardia

Respiratory Rate

Breaths per minute: Adult = 12 to 20 Children under 10 = 20 to 30 per min

Tachypnea Bradypena Dyspnea Apnea

Pulse Oximeter

• Normal Pulse Oximeter = 95% to 100%

Blood Pressure

• Blood Pressure • Systolic pressure =

95-140 mmHg• Diastolic pressure =

60-90 mmHg

• Hypertension• Hypotension

Oxygen

Oxygen constitutes 21% of atmospheric gases

If O2 levels in the body drop below 21% homeostasis is altered.

Hypoxia: Inadequate amount of oxygen at the cellular level.

Oxygen Devices

Nasal Cannula Masks

Nonrebreathing mask Aerosol mask Air-entrainment mask

Tent and Oxyhood

Chest Tubes and Lines

• Endotracheal Tube (ET)

– Ventilator• Chest Tubes

• Nasogastric tube (NG)

• Central Lines

Review

Vital Signs Homeostasis Body Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure Mental Status

Electrolyte balance Pulse Oximeter Oxygen Oxygen Devices Chest Tubes Chest Lines

Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill

"The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. "The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees the opportunity in every The optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty." difficulty."

Winston Churchill Winston Churchill

Questions?

• Vital Signs

Medical EmergenciesMedical Emergencies

http://www.mercysiouxcity.com/services/trauma/level2trauma.shtml

TRAUMA = X-RAY IS READY

SPINAL INJURY PT

GSW to the Abdomen

Compound Fx of Femur

Medical Emergencies

• Definitions

• What should the RT know?

• Common Radiology Emergencies

Medical Emergencies

Definition: Sudden change in medical status requiring immediate action.

For RT’s medical emergencies are rare, however as medical personnel we must be prepared to recognize emergencies.

Fractured Forearm

What an RT should know…..

How to….. Avoid additional harm to the patient Obtain appropriate medical assistance

quickly

Recognize emergency situations

Remain calm and confident

Anaphylactic Reaction

An immune response to foreign materialBronchospasm – wheezing and

edema in the throat and lungsCan lead to shockRequires prompt recognition and

treatment from the technologist

Why do RT’s care about Anaphylactic RXN’s….?

Water Soluble Iodine• High atomic # 53• Radiopaque• Used to radiograph

– Vessels– Arteries– Veins– Function of internal

organs

Iodine Contrast Material

• Ionic Iodine Contrast– Anion -– Cation +– More patient allergic

reactions

• Non-Ionic Contrast– Less patient allergic

reactions

Radiology Department

Patients are usually sent to the radiology department only after they have been stabilized.

However……

General Priorities

Ensure an open airway

Control Bleeding Take Measures

to Prevent shock Attend to

wounds or fractures appropriately

Provide emotional support

Continually reevaluate and follow up

ABC• A = Air Way

• B = Breathing

• C = Circulation

CPR

• C = Cardio

• P = Pulmonary

• R = Respiration

• Must be certified for the

“Health Care Provider”

• Cards good for 2 years are available.

Become familiar with………..

• In your work environment:– Emergency assistance protocol (how to

get help)– Emergency Cart/Crash Cart Location

Important Conditions to be Aware of……

Level of Consciousness: ALOCAltered Level Of Consciousness

Anaphylactic Shock: vasogenic shock

Hypoglycemic/HyperglycemiaNPO – Nothing by Mouth

Medical Terms to Know…..

Pallor = paleness; absence of skin coloration

Shock = failure of the circulatory system

CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation For program must be for Health Care

Provider

Continued……………

Stroke = Cerebrovascular Accident (brain)

Heart Attack = Myocardial Infarct (heart)

N/V = Nausea & Vomiting Epistaxis = nosebleed Vertigo = dizziness Syncope = fainting

And more……

Hemorrhage = bleeding outside a vessel

Radiologic Technology

• You never know when a medical emergency may occur.

• Helping your patients depends on your abilities to stay calm and perform you duties!

Questions?

• Infection Control

• Vital Signs

• Medical Emergencies