Visual TechnologiesImage Reproduction, and the Copy

Jennifer Correia

Sarah Martin

Photography

• Invention of the photographic camera• Early uses of photography

– Institutional and Personal

• Photography emerged as a popular medium• Foucault’s idea of discourse

“We cannot claim to have really seen anything before having photographed it”

-Emile Zola

Worlds FIRST Camera

Motion and Sequence

• Photographic images of movement set the stage for the development of cinema

• Stereoscope– Two images overlap and make them appear

animated– Creates an illusion of depth

Cinema• Invention of Cinema involved the invention

of a moving picture camera, projection, and flexible form of film (celluloid)

• Film Projector– Went from private viewing to public viewing to

group experience of spectators

• Cinema added the elements of temporality, movement, and eventually sound to photography

• Mid- twentieth century filmmakers

CinemaGateway to Television

• Nineteenth-century visual technologies of photography and cinema established a pathway for the emergence of digital technology in the twentieth century.

• Each new form of visual technology builds of the codes of previous technologies, but owns its on epistemic shift

• Television and cinema

CinemaGateway to Television

• YouTube - The First Movie• YouTube - Avatar Movie Trailer• YouTube - I Love Lucy - Chicken and

Rice• YouTube - its t shirt timeee

Copies, Ownership, and Copyright

• The benefits of the new reproductive technologies is that computers and digital imaging have made the possibilities for reproduction and ownership of images virtually limitless.

• The possibilities for reproduction of any image are highly contingent on the legal management of images.

Copies, Ownership, and Copyright Continued…

• Copyright – taken literally, means “ the right to copy.”

• The term refers to not one but a bundle of rights. This bundle includes the rights to distribute, produce, copy, display, perform, create, and control derivative works based from the original.

Copyrights

• Copyright grants legal protection to the “expression of an idea,” not the idea itself.

• The fixed expression is deemed to belong uniquely to someone – the photographer, writer, painter- who created it.

• The word copyright suggests a policy that grants the rights to copy. When in actuality, it regulates and restricts copying.

Reproduction and the Digital Image

• The most widely discussed difference between conventional and digital photography concerns what happens after the take, before the print is struck.

• Anyone with a digital camera, a home computer, and a cable can download images not only to print them but also to copy them into programs in which they can be edited.

From a Goalkeeper’s View