VISUAL MPP ELECTION SYSTEM

SHARIFAH NURUL UMMI NADIA

BT SAYED MOHAMED

FAKULTY OF INFORMATIC

UNIVERSITY OF SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

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VISUAL MPP ELECTION SYSTEM

SHARIFAH NURUL UMMI NADIA BINTI SAYED MOHAMED

BACHELOR OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(INFORMATICS MEDIA) WITH HONOURS

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2018

i

DECLARATION

I, Sharifah Nurul Ummi Nadia binti Sayed Mohamed, Bachelor of Information Technology

(Informatic Media) hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for

quotations and citations, which have been duly acknowledge. I also declare that it has not

been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at University of Sultan

Zainal Abidin or other institutions.

Name: Madam Hasni binti Hassan

Date: December 23, 2018

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CONFIRMATION

This is to confirm that this final year project report entitled Visual MPP Election System

has been prepared and submitted by Sharifah Nurul Ummi Nadia binti Sayed Mohamed,

with matric number BTDL 16043119 and has found satisfactory in terms of scope, quality,

and presentation as a part of the requirement for Bachelor of Information Technology in

Informatic Media in University of Sultan Zainal Abidin (UnisZA). This research conducted

and writing of this report was under my supervision.

Name: Madam Hasni binti Hassan

Date: December 23, 2018

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DEDICATION

I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone who has supported

me to complete my final year project report entitled Visual MPP Election System

successfully. I am thankful for their aspiring guidance, invaluably constructive criticism

and friendly advice during project work.

I express my greatest gratitude to my supervisor, Madam Hasni binti Hassan, who

help in guiding me throughout my journey in finishing this project proposal. Under her

supervision with a lot of advices, enables me to complete this final year project report

successfully. Then, an honorable respect I present to my family especially my mother for

their understanding with my conditions.

I would like to thanks to all my friends, panels and my course mates for supporting

me and gave me an inspiration to improve this project reports.

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ABSTRACT

Each year, Student Representative Council (SRC)/ Majlis Perwakilan Pelajar

(MPP) Election needs to be held in order to choose the student’s representatives for

University of Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA). Total of MPP is 30 students that consists of

10 general representatives and 20 faculty representatives. However, UniSZA still use the

manual system to make an election. This manual system used volume of times and lead to

ballot mistake during the voting session. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop

Visual MPP Election System(VMPPES). Based on this system, students who want to make

votes only need to fill the matric card number and security pin. Then, they need to choose

for 10 faculty representatives by clicking the pictures of respective candidates. From the

development of the online system is hoped to overcome all the problem on the previous

system.

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ABSTRAK

Setiap tahun, Pilihan Raya Majlis Perwakilan Pelajar (MPP) / Majlis Perwakilan

Pelajar (MPP) perlu diadakan untuk memilih wakil pelajar untuk Universiti Sultan Zainal

Abidin (UniSZA). Jumlah MPP adalah 30 pelajar yang terdiri daripada 10 wakil umum dan

20 wakil fakulti. Walau bagaimanapun, UniSZA masih menggunakan sistem manual untuk

membuat pilihan raya. Sistem manual ini menggunakan jumlah masa dan menyebabkan

kesilapan suara semasa sesi pengundian. Oleh itu, tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk

membangunkan Sistem Pemilihan MPP Visual (VMPPES). Berdasarkan sistem ini, pelajar

yang ingin membuat undi hanya perlu mengisi nombor kad matrik dan pin keselamatan.

Kemudian, mereka perlu memilih untuk 10 wakil fakulti dengan mengklik gambar calon

masing-masing. Dari perkembangan sistem dalam talian diharapkan dapat mengatasi

semua masalah pada sistem sebelumnya.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION .............................................................................................................................. i

CONFIRMATION .......................................................................................................................... ii

DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ iii

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... iv

ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................................................... v

LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii

LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix

LIST OF ABREVIATIONS/TERMS/SYMBOLS ....................................................................... x

LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................................................ x

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Problem Statement .......................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 2

1.4 Scope ................................................................................................................................. 3

1.5 Limitation ........................................................................................................................ 4

CHAPTER 2:

LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Problem Analysis on Existing System ................................................................................. 6

2.2.1 University of Malaya (Pemilihan MPP) ....................................................................... 6

2.2.2 Multimedia University (MMU), Cyberjaya Campus, Malaysia ................................ 7

2.2.3 Sweet Briar College, Amherst ....................................................................................... 8

2.2.4 Universiti Sains Malaysia(USM), Malaysia ...............................................................10

2.4 Conclusion ...........................................................................................................................12

vii

CHAPTER 3:

METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................14

3.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................14

3.2.1 Requirements and Analysis ............................................................................................15

3.2.2 Design ............................................................................................................................15

3.2.3 Implementation ............................................................................................................15

3.2.4 Verification ...................................................................................................................16

3.2.5 Maintenance .................................................................................................................16

3.2 System Requirements .........................................................................................................17

3.2.1 Software Design ............................................................................................................17

3.2.2 Hardware Design ..........................................................................................................18

3.3 System Design ......................................................................................................................19

3.2.1 Process Model ...............................................................................................................19

3.2.1.1 Context Diagram .......................................................................................................19

3.3.1.2 Data Flow Diagram (Level 0) ...................................................................................20

3.3.1.3 Data Flow Diagram (Level 1) ...................................................................................22

3.3.2 Data Model....................................................................................................................27

REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................31

viii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2. 1 Comparison elements between existing system ........................................... 12

Table 3. 1 Software Requirements.................................................................................. 17

Table 3. 2 Hardware Requirements ............................................................................... 18

Table 3. 3 Table of administrator ................................................................................... 28

Table 3. 4 Table of voters ................................................................................................ 29

Table 3. 5 Table of candidates ........................................................................................ 30

Table 3. 6 Table of results ............................................................................................... 30

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3. 1 Waterfall Model .........................................................................................................14

Figure 3. 2 Context Diagram for Visual MPP Election System ................................................19

Figure 3. 3 Data Flow Diagram Level 0 ......................................................................................20

Figure 3. 4 Process 2: Manage administrator information .......................................................22

Figure 3. 5 Process 3: Manage voters' information ...................................................................23

Figure 3. 6 Process 4: Manage candidates ..................................................................................24

Figure 3. 7 Process 5: Makes votes ..............................................................................................25

Figure 3. 8 Process 6: View the generate reports .......................................................................26

Figure 3. 9 Entity Relationship Diagram ....................................................................................27

x

LIST OF ABREVIATIONS/TERMS/SYMBOLS

CD Context Diagram

DFD Data Flow Diagram

ERD Entity Relationship Diagram

FYP Final Year Project

VMPPES Visual Student Representative Council/ Majlis Perwakilan Pelajar (MPP)

Election System

LIST OF APPENDICES

Gantt Chart FYP 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32

1

CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Visual Students’ Representative Council/Majlis Pewakilan Pelajar (MPP) Election

System (VMPPES) is a system that will be developed to facilitate the process of voting for

MPP candidates. This system will be used during the election day of MPP candidates.

Using current electoral system, the voters are required to register manually using students’

cards then they will be given a ballot paper that list the names of the candidates who will

become MPPs in the next session. The proposed system will replace current manual method

of voting for MPPs in Unisza. VMPPES also provides images of respective candidates to

help voters make their selection accurately based on the names and images of each

candidates

This system is able to eliminate the current problem of manual method where the

voters might make wrong selection because there is no image of the respective candidates.

2

In addition, current method used a lot of ballot papers during the election process. VMPPES

is not only able to save time, cost, eliminate paperwork and reduce the manpower required

to manage the process but also help overcome the traditional method by automatically

calculating the votes when the voting time ends. Furthermore, VMPPES will help students

to vote for MPP candidates easily by clicking the corresponding images of their preferred

candidates. Finally results of the election will be displayed using graphs and can be viewed

both by the administrator and the students.

1.2 Problem Statement

Nowadays, MPP election is run manually in University of Sultan Zainal Abidin and

requires a lot of time, cost, paperwork and manpower to run the process. Usually, voters

will mark the ballot papers that have been provided to select their preferred MPP

representatives. The use of paperwork requires high cost and calculation of the results is

time consuming. Moreover, current method of election does not provide any visual image

of the respective candidates. This may lead to wrong candidate selection by voters. Besides,

manual calculation might lead to inaccurate or wrong results.

1.3 Objectives

Currently, the election of MPP in University of Sultan Zainal Abidin is still conducted

manually. The same goes with the calculation of the results. Sometimes, human error

3

occurs in the process of selecting candidates and calculating the results. The management

also face some problem. The problems are longer time needed to implement manual voting

system and also inaccuracy of election results. Many responsible parties are also involved

in the election process before, during and after election day. There are also constraints in

the voting process for example the voters mistakenly choose the candidate because the

voters can only see the name without seeing the image (photo) of candidates. Being able to

select the candidates based on their names and images would help the voters to better

recognize the candidates.

Objectives of the project are:

a) To design a system that can replace current method in MPP election that save more

time, cost and paperwork

b) To develop a visual MPP election system using images of respective candidates to

facilitate the voting process and produce the voting results automatically.

c) To evaluate the proposed system.

1.4 Scope

a) Election officer/Administrator

Able to add list name, image(photo) of MPP candidates.

Able to add students’/voters’ information.

4

Able to update respective MPP candidates’ information.

Able to delete information of MPP candidates once the election ends for the

next session.

Able to view election results.

b) Students/Users

Requires a security pin to login to the system.

Able to login to the system.

Able to vote for the respective candidates only ONCE.

Able to view election results.

1.5 Limitation

The voting process is fixed period of time. For example, 8am-5pm. Students must

do the election before 5pm.

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CHAPTER 2:

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This chapter is to discuss the literature review related to the proposed system.

Literature review is important for researches to understand and get more information about

their proposed systems. Numerous research studies have focused on traditional leadership

in the managerial positions of educational organizations(Argyris, 1976; Bass, 1981; Ball,

1989; Sáenz & Lorenzo, 1993;Bass & Avolio, 1994; Sáenz & Fernández Nares, 1994;

Bolman& Deal, 1995; Lorenzo Delgado, 2011; Barnett & McCormick,2012; Neumerski,

2013 among others). Therefore, the literature review is carried out to be used as references

in developing the proposed system. Reference can be either from books, conference papers,

thesis or internet. All references are recorded clearly stated in text and in reference list.

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2.2 Problem Analysis on Existing System

2.2.1 University of Malaya (Pemilihan MPP)

Pemilihan Majlis Perwakilan Pelajar Universiti Malaya or known as PMPP UM is

a platform or website to provide procedures to inform students of the eligibility

requirements to contest in the election of Student Representative Council

Commonly, there are features as follows in the modules:

Home

Tatacara pemilihan

Tentang kami

Pengundi

Calon

Peraturan Pemilihan

Kempen

Home is the main page for displaying information about PMMPUM. Tatacara pemilihan

have features for candidate nomination procedures, nomination filing procedures,

campaign procedures, appeals procedures against election results. Tentang kami is to

inform the background and committee. Pengundi is to inform the eligibility and voting

requirements while Calon is provide information regarding candidate qualification

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requirements. Peraturan Pemilihan is used to inform the rules of the election and Kempen

is a guidance for campaign schedule. Harian Metro (21/12/2005) reported that only 41

percent of the 11160 International International Islamic University students (IIUM)

dropped out for the 20202/2003 session while the University of Malaya (UM) recorded

46.6 percent of voters for the 2002/2003 session.( Mahmood, d., omar, d. R. B., patah, s.

B. A., shaari, r. B., arif, l. S. B. M., manusia, j. P. S., & sumber, f. P. D. P. Kajian kesedaran

mahasiswa terhadap peranan dan tanggungjawab majlis perwakilan pelajar (MPP) sebagai

wakil pelajar di UTM, Skudai.)

2.2.2 Multimedia University (MMU), Cyberjaya Campus, Malaysia

MPP in Multimedia University (MMU) is the entrusted body that has been chosen

to represent the voice of all undergraduate of MMU (Multimedia University, 2002). Their

vision is to see MMU students united as one. They want to bring changes and improvements

to coordinate clubs and societies under MPP. MPP serves as the middle person between

undergraduates and the management of the University.

From the MMU portal, all the information is static. Anyone can view the

information without any passwords. Follows are the contents in the MMU portal:

• About us

• Email

8

• Guest Book

• News Archives

• Links

• Forum

In the about us module, the motto, objectives and missions are stated. The Student

Representative Council is a student body, for the students, elected by the students through

an official election (Students' Representative Council, 2003). Their motto is "Cross Cultural

Integration". They strive to achieve their best in serving the needs of all students. Students

who have doubt on this portal can email to the administrator. Students can use this easily

as it is simple. Guest book is open to whoever has visited the portal to sign in. In the guest

book modules, students must fill in the form that requires them to fill in their name,

comments and their email address. News archives are where the administrator publishes

any latest news in the portal. In forum module, student can discuss online with anyone on

any topic. Links module provides links to other universities available.

2.2.3 Sweet Briar College, Amherst

Sweet Briar College is a selective liberal arts and sciences college for women

offering 35 majors in academic programmes (Sweet Briar College, 2003). This college also

has a MPP as the students' leader. Students in this college can access the blackboard,

9

location, calendar, diversions, assistance and services online. There is no password needed.

For the voting for the student council representative, user name and password are

compulsory. Commonly, there are features as follows in the modules:

About Us

Alumnae

Blackboard

Calendar

Comments and Suggestion

Directory

Prospective students

Search

Voting

Links

Maps

News

The About Us module is saying all about Sweet Briar College. Sweet Briar College is

one of the best values in higher education. It has a national reputation for its programs in

the sciences (About Sweet Briar College - Welcome, 2003). SBC is located in the foothills

10

of the Blue Ridge Mountains of central Virginia. Sweet Briar College is about 3,250 acre

with socially rich environment and a natural classroom. SBC also provide Online Election

(Election 22, 2002). Students must key in their email username and email password in order

to join the election. Students were able to cast their vote from anywhere. The system

ensures that only eligible students vote. For those who do not remember their username or

password, or having problem logging, they can email the administrator. This module is

programmed using PERL scripting language. Suggestion Module is where students suggest

any topic. This module is important for the administrator as the feedback of students enable

the administrator to add changes to the portal. Directory contains all the contact numbers

of the staff in Sweet Briar College. Calendar module is where students can view the

academic calendar and other events at anytime. The calendar list events is from year 2002-

2005. Students who might be lost or cannot find certain topic in the portal, can use the

search engine provided. For example, students looking for a certain topic on news, can type

a phrase of word in the search engine box. Maps show the entire route around the Sweet

Briar College.

2.2.4 Universiti Sains Malaysia(USM), Malaysia

Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) is one of the local universities in Malaysia. MPP

is the voice among the students (University Sains Malaysia, 2003). They represent students

to voice out anything that they not satisfY with. MPP representatives is chosen among

11

students through election. The election is done manually where student of Universiti Sains

Malaysia has to bring their identity card (10 card) to vote for the MPP. All modules can be

access without passwords. The modules that are included in this portal are:

Activities

Alumnae

Calendar

Directory

Feedbacks

Libraries

News

Organization Chart

Profile and Gallery

Prospectus students Search

In activities modules, the date and organizer of the activities are published in the

modules. The module is very simple where everyone can access to it without password.

The topic of the activities is highlighted above the news. Calendar USM is also written

statically (Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2003). Students can access it without password. This

means that everyone who accesses this portal can view the calendarof USM. The calendar

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is organized month by month. When user wants to view a certain month's activities, they

click on the month that is provided. The Organization Chart is design statically on the

portal. There are few committee members in MPP USM. They are Yang Dipertua, Naib

Yang Dipertua, Setiausaha,Bendahari, Biro Helsis, Biro Penerangan, Biro Kebajikan, Biro

Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan, Biro Perhubungan Antarabangsa, Biro Akademik dan

kerjaya, Biro Integrasi dan kebudayaan, biro suka dan rekreasi (Carta organisasi, 2003).

Elements University of

Malaya

Multimedia

Universitiy

(Cyberjaya)

Sweet Briar

College, Amherst

University of Science

Malaysia

Efficiency

Security

Metaphor

Effectiveness

Table 2. 1 Comparison elements between existing system

2.4 Conclusion

Based on the research done in this chapter, the analyzes found to be useful for

guidance as part of the development phase of Visual MPP Election System. VMPPES is an

13

election system that allows voters to see the image of the candidates to help the voters make

the right selection. This system will automatically count the results once the election ends.

The system will also display the election results in the form of graphs and organizational

charts.

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CHAPTER 3:

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This section describes the methodology used to develop the project that is the

Waterfall model. In this model the process of developing the system will be explained in

every phase.

Figure 3. 1 Waterfall Model

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3.2 Waterfall Model

3.2.1 Requirements and Analysis

In this stage, comprehensive information about what this project requires will be

gathered. The information can be gathered in a variety of ways, from interviews to

questionnaires to interactive brainstorming. The result is typically a requirements

document that defines what the application should do, but not how it should be done.

3.2.2 Design

The requirement specifications from first phase are studied in this phase and the

system design is prepared. This system design helps in specifying hardware and system

requirements and in defining the overall system architecture. No coding takes place during

this phase, but the specifications will be established such as programming language or

hardware requirements.

3.2.3 Implementation

Coding takes place in this phase. Programmers take information from the previous

stage and create a functional product. They typically implement code in small pieces, which

are integrated at the end of this phase or the beginning of the next phase.

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3.2.4 Verification

All the units developed in the implementation phase are integrated into a system

after testing of each unit. Post integration, the entire system is tested for any faults and

failures. Once the functional and non-functional testing is done, the product is deployed in

the customer environment or released into the market.

3.2.5 Maintenance

The product has been delivered to the client and is being used. As issues arise,

patches and updates will be created to address them. Again, big issues may necessitate a

return to phase one.

17

3.2 System Requirements

System requirement is a very important part in the development of a system. System

requirements contain software and hardware used to build and complete a system. Thus,

Visual MPP Election System deployed several software and hardware as listed below:

3.2.1 Software Design

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

MySQL (phpMyAdmin) A software to run the database of the system

Xampp Server A localhost to run PHPMyAdmin

Microsoft Word 2016 A software to design framework.DFD,CD

Google Chrome A browser to open the application and run localhost

Adobe Dreamweaver Use to create code program

Table 3. 1 Software Requirements

18

3.2.2 Hardware Design

Hardware Description

Laptop Asus X554L Laptop that use to build the system

Memory : 4 GB RAM RAM of the laptop

Printer HP To print the hard copy of related information and report of

the system

Table 3. 2 Hardware Requirements

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3.3 System Design

3.2.1 Process Model

3.2.1.1 Context Diagram

Figure 3. 2 Context Diagram for Visual MPP Election System

As shown in figure 3.2, there are two entities involved in the Visual MPP Election

System(VMPPES) that are the Administrator and the User. The data flow incoming from

Administrator represents the functionality of the system where Administrator is able to

manage students and manage candidates. All these processes are required to ensure the

system functioning well. The User can log in into the system and votes for candidates and

can view the voting results.

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3.3.1.2 Data Flow Diagram (Level 0)

Figure 3. 3 Data Flow Diagram Level 0

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The DFD has two entities which is Administrator and User. The process that involved in

this system are MANAGE ADMINISTRATOR, MANAGE VOTERS, MANAGE

CANDIDATES, MAKES VOTES and GENERATE REPORTS. There are four data stored

created in this system which are ADMINISTRATOR, VOTERS, CANDIDATES AND

RESULTS.

1. ADMIN will enter the details of the students to MANAGE STUDENTS which

output will be stored in STUDENTS data store.

2. ADMIN will input details of the candidate to MANAGE CANDIDATES then store

the data in CANDIDATES data store.

3. The candidates’ data retrieved from CANDIDATES data store to give candidates

information for USER to make votes.

4. ADMIN and VOTERS can view the results that can retrieved from RESULTS data

store.

22

3.3.1.3 Data Flow Diagram (Level 1)

a) Process 2: Manage administrator

Figure 3. 4 Process 2: Manage administrator information

Description:

1. ADMINISTRATOR can ADD details of administrator that stored in

ADMINISTRATOR data and the new updated registration details can be

retrieved.

23

2. ADMINISTRATOR can DELETE data that stored in ADMINISTRATOR

data store.

b) Process 3: Manage voters

Figure 3. 5 Process 3: Manage voters' information

Description:

1. ADMINISTRATOR can ADD details of voters that stored in the VOTERS

data store and the new updated registration details can be retrieved from it.

2. ADMINISTRATOR can DELETE data that stored in VOTERS

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c) Process 4: Manage candidates

Figure 3. 6 Process 4: Manage candidates

Description:

3. ADMINISTRATOR can ADD details of candidates that stored in the

CANDIDATES data store and the new updated registration details can be

retrieved from it.

4. ADMINISTRATOR can DELETE data that stored in CANDIDATES

25

d) Process 5: Makes votes

Figure 3. 7 Process 5: Makes votes

Description:

1. USER will enter the votes data that store in RESULTS data store

2. RESULTS data store retrieved result details so it can be viewed

3. ADMIN and USER can view results of the voting candidates

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e) Process 6: Generate reports

Figure 3. 8 Process 6: View the generate reports

Description:

1. Votes data that stored in RESULTS data store will be retrieved

2. ADMIN and USER can view results of the voting candidates.

27

3.3.2 Data Model

3.3.2.1 Entity Relationship Diagram

An entity relationship diagram(ERD) is a specialized graphic form that illustrates

the relationships between entities in a database. ERD is crucial to creating a good database

design. It is used as a high-level logical data model, which is useful in developing a

conceptual design for databases.

Figure 3. 9 Entity Relationship Diagram

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3.3.2.2 Data dictionary

a) Table administrator

NO. ATTRIBUTE TYPE DESCRIPTION

1 adminName VARCHAR(255) Represent name for administrator

and only character are allowed

2 adminPassword VARCHAR(255) Represent password for

administrator

3. userName VARCHAR(255) Represent username for

administrator

Table 3. 3 Table of administrator

29

b) Table voters

NO. ATTRIBUTE TYPE DESCRIPTION

1 votersPin VARCHAR(255) To secure the system

2 votersName VARCHAR(255) Represent name for voters and

only character are allowed

3 voterStuId VARCHAR(255) Represent voters matrix number

4 votersEmail VARCHAR(255) Represent voters email

5 voterICnum VARCHAR(255) Represent voters IC number

Table 3. 4 Table of voters

c) Table candidates

NO. ATTRIBUTE TYPE DESCRIPTION

1 candidatesName VARCHAR(255) Represent candidates name and only

character are allowed

2 candidatesPicture VARCHAR(255) Represent picture of candidates

3 candidatesFaculty VARCHAR(255) Represent candidates faculty

4 candidatesId VARCHAR(255) Represent candidates’ matrix

numbers

30

5 candidatesphone VARCHAR(255) Represent phone number for

candidates

6 candidatesEmail VARCHAR(255) Represent candidates email

Table 3. 5 Table of candidates

e) Table results

NO. ATTRIBUTE TYPE DESCRIPTION

1 name VARCHAR(255) Represent name for

candidates

2 faculty VARCHAR(255) Represent

candidates faculty

3 studentId VARCHAR(255) Represent

candidates id card

4 picture VARCHAR(255) Represent picture of

candidates

Table 3. 6 Table of results

31

REFERENCES

[1] Reche, M. P. C., Díaz, I. A., & Sánchez, F. R. (2013). Perceptions of Student

Leadership in the University Context—The Case of the Students’ Union in the

University of Sheffield (United Kingdom). Open Journal of Leadership, 2(03), 68.

[2] MAHMOOD, D., OMAR, D. R. B., PATAH, S. B. A., SHAARI, R. B.,

ARIF, L. S. B. M., MANUSIA, J. P. S., & SUMBER, F. P. D. P. KAJIAN

KESEDARAN MAHASISWA TERHADAP PERANAN DAN

TANGGUNGJAWAB MAJLIS PERWAKILAN PELAJAR (MPP) SEBAGAI

WAKIL PELAJAR DI UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA, SKUDAI.

[3] Cheng, M. Y., Ho, J. S. Y., & Lau, P. M. (2009). Knowledge sharing in

academic institutions: A study of multimedia university Malaysia. Electronic

Journal of Knowledge Management, 7(3).

[4] Pandian, S. (2014). University students and voting behavior in general

elections: Perceptions on Malaysian political parties leadership. Asian Social

Science, 10(18), 225.

[5] Stohlman, M. L. L. (1956). The Story of Sweet Briar College. Alumnae

Association of Sweet Briar College.

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APPENDIX

Gantt Chart FYP 1

33