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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed
Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester
Paper ID : 295
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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed
Overview
1 Introduction
2 Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources
3 Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model
4 Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods
Piezoelectric Power Conversion
5 Proposed Structure
6 Layout of Proposed Structure
7 Meshing of the EH Structure
8 Results
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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed
Introduction
Realising Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is of great interest in the research
community for applications like monitoring temperature, light, pressure etc.One of the challenges is powering the WSN nodes.Batteries are not enough.
Harvesting ambient energy from the environment.
Ambient vibrations as an important source.
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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed
Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources
According to the study only the first 500 Hz of the spectra is important.First, there is a sharp peak in magnitude at a fairly low frequency with a few higher
frequency harmonics.
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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed
Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model
Figure:Generic vibration converter model proposed by Williams and Yates[1]
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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed
|P| =men2(
n)3Y2
(2T
n) + (1 (
n)2)2
(1)
|P| = me
3Y2
42T
(2)
where:
e electrical damping ratiom mechanical damping ratioT combined damping ratio(e+ m)n natural frequency of the mass spring system frequency of the driving vibrationsY input displacement
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I d i Ch i i f V i Vib i S Vib i El i i C i M d l Vib i El i i C i M h d P d
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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed
Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods
There are mainly three main methods for converting the energy from vibrations to
electrical energy. They areElectromagnetic Power Conversion
Elecrostatic Power Conversion
Piezoelectric Power Conversion
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I t d ti Ch t i ti f V i Vib ti S Vib ti t El t i it C i M d l Vib ti t El t i it C i M th d P d
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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed
Piezoelectric Power Conversion
Piezoelectric Power Conversion
The constitutive equations for a piezoelectric material are given in equations3and4.
=
Y +dE (3)
D=E+d (4)
where:
is mechanical strain
is mechanical stress
Y is the modulus of elasticity (Youngs Modulus)
d is the piezoelectric strain coefficientE is the electric field
D is the electrical displacement (charge density)
is the dielectric constant of the piezoelectric material
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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed
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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed
Piezoelectric Power Conversion
Modes of Operation
(a)
Figure
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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed
Proposed Structure
The device is designed in MEMS design softwares Conventorware and CoventorMems+.
Our structure has dimensions (1000m 200m 714m )
Figure:Proposed EH Structure
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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed
Layout
(a)Cross Section of EH Structure
(b)Top View of EH Structure11/20
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t oduct o C a acte st cs o a ous b at o Sou ces b at o to ect c ty Co e s o ode b at o s to ect c ty Co e s o et ods oposed
Meshing of the EH Structure
Partitioned the model into two - the beam part and the rest.Manhattan Mesher setting is used as structure is orthogonal
Mesh settingFor Beam Part For other parts
X direction: 40m X direction: 40m
Y direction: 4m Y direction: 40m
Z direction: 1m Z direction: 40m
Figure: Meshed Model of the Proposed Structure
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y y p
Analysis of the Structure
The equation for the natural frequency of a cantilever beam with one end fixed and a
proof mass at the other end is given by the equation,
fn= 1
2
Ebd3
4ml3 (5)
E is the effective Youngs Modulus of the beam, b is the width , d is the depth, m is
the effective mass and l is the length of the beam. From this equation, we can see that
the resonant frequency of the device can be reduced by
increasing mass
increasing beam length
reducing the beam width
reducing the beam depth (height)
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Modal Analysis
Analysis is done using Memmech Solver
Done by fixing the anchor end.
Figure:Modal Analysis Results
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Mode Shape
Figure:Shape of the first mode
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Voltage Output at 1g acceleration
Connected an 1 Megaohm resistor across the 2 electrodes
1g acceleration is applied in the vertical directionVoltage output is 4.7 V at 278 Hz.
Power output is 11W
Figure:Voltage at 1g acceleration16/20
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Voltage Output at 2g acceleration
Connected an 1 Megaohm resistor across the 2 electrodes
2g acceleration is applied in the vertical directionVoltage output is 9.5 V at 278 Hz.
Power output is 45W
Figure:Voltage ouput at 2g acceleration17/20
Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed
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Comparison with related Works
" High Performance Piezielectric MEMS Energy Harvesteer based on d33 mode of
PZT thin film on buffer layer with PbTiO3 inter layer " by J.C.Park et.al,Transducers IEEE 2009, produces 1.1W from 0.4g at a frequency of 528 Hz.
" A piezoelectric vibration harvester using clamped guided beams " by Z. Wang
et.al at 2012 MEMS Conference IEEE produces 20W at 694 Hz from 1.2g.
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THANK YOU
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E. S. Leland and P. K. Wright, Resonance tuning of piezoelectric vibration energy
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Z. Wang, S. Matova, R. Elfrink, M. Jambunathan, C. de Nooijer, R. van Schaijk,
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Using Coventorware. COVENTOR, 2012, pp. 1116, user Manual for
CoventorWare.
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