Visit Report on Dome Construction at loni Kalbhor `

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REPORT ON EDUCATIONAL VISIT

AT

DOME CONSTRUCTION

MIT COLLEGE LONI KALBHOR PUNE

CLASS :-T.E /B.E CIVIL

DYPSOE LOHEGAON PUNE

DATE:-13/01/2017

Visit Report on Dome Construction at loni Kalbhor `

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The department of Civil Engineering, DR. D Y PATIL SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING organized a one day educational visit to Dome Construction at MIT College Loni Kalbhor on 13th Jan 2017 for T.E & B.E Civil Engineering students. Visit was organized as per Pune university guidelines and recommendations regarding syllabus of SD-2 & C M of T.E & B.E Civil Engineering. Visit was organized with the prior permission and guidance of honourable Director of DYPSOE , Lohegaon Dr. S.S.Sonavane. Prof. R.D.Koshti by the initiative and hard efforts of head of Department of Civil Dr. A.R.Kolhe along with Prof. J.D.Dalvi and Prof. R.C.Katdare accompany & guide the students during visit under the continuous guidance of Project manager Mr. Pise which makes this visit a grand success.

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AIM :- TO STUDY ABOUT R.C.C CONSTRUCTION

INTRODUCTION :-

The city-based Maharashtra Institute of Technology (MIT) is trying to build the largest brick and mortar dome in the world. The brick and mortar dome, spread across 160 feet in diameter and 190 feet high, will cover a 65,000-square feet complex. As of now, the Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, Italy, has the largest octagonal brick and mortar dome in the world. At the Loni Kalbhor campus, the dome will include a multi-faith prayer room and a library. According to engineers associated with the project, the structure will be able to accommodate 7,000 people at a time. "The dome is a vision based on the Vedic principle which says that the world is one family. In accordance to the idea, there will also be statues of some of the greatest thinkers in the history of mankind and literature about them in and around the complex," said Vishwanath Karad, the founder and director of MIT. Latest Comment Karad, who is a professor of mechanical engineering, added that the dome constitutes an "architectural wonder" of sorts.

"All the planning, design, calculations, and construction is being done by

people who have been an integral part of MIT, including professors,

engineers, architects, artisans, even students. No external help has been

sought. Our calculations are correct down to the last half-centimetre.

Moreover, despite the height and width, a crane will be used only in the last

stage of construction to top out the structure with trusses. If the Taj

Mahal could be built without cranes, so can this," Karad remarked.

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LOCATION MAP :-

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Dome Slab :-

A dome is an architectural element that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere. The precise definition has been a matter of controversy. There are also a wide variety of forms and specialized terms to describe them. A dome can rest upon a rotunda or drum, and can be supported by columns or piers that transition to the dome through squinches or pendentives. A lantern may cover an oculus and may itself have another dome.

Domes have a long architectural lineage that extends back into prehistory and they have been constructed from mud, stone, wood, brick, concrete, metal, glass, and plastic over the centuries. The symbolism associated with domes includes mortuary, celestial, and governmental traditions that have likewise developed over time.

Domes have been found from early Mesopotamia, which may explain the form's spread. They are found in Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, and Chinese architecture in the Ancient world, as well as among a number of contemporary indigenous building traditions. They were popular in Byzantine and medieval Islamic architecture, and there are numerous examples from Western Europe in the Middle Ages. The Renaissance style spread from Italy in the Early modern period. Advancements in mathematics, materials, and production techniques since that time resulted in new dome types. The domes of the modern world can be found over religious buildings, legislative chambers, sports stadiums, and a variety of functional structures.

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Zone of transition

A compound dome (red) with pendentives (yellow) from a sphere of greater radius than the dome.

When the base of the dome does not match the plan of the supporting walls beneath it (for example, a dome's circular base over a square bay), techniques are employed to transition between the two. The simplest technique is to use diagonal lintels across the corners of the walls to create an octagonal base. Another is to use arches to span the corners, which can support more weight. A variety of these techniques use what are called "squinches". A squinch can be a single arch or a set of multiple projecting nested arches placed diagonally over an internal corner. Squinches can take a variety of other forms, as well, including trumpet arches and niche heads, or half-domes.

The invention of pendentives superseded the squinch technique Pendentives are triangular sections of a sphere, like concave spandrels between arches, and transition from the corners of a square bay to the circular base of a dome. The curvature of the pendentives is that of a sphere with a diameter equal to the diagonal of the square bay. The precise definition of "pendentive" has been a source of contention among academics, including whether or not corbelling is permitted under the definition and whether or not the lower portions of a sail vault should be considered pendentive.

Domes with pendentives can be divided into two kinds: simple and compound. In the case of the simple dome, the pendentives are part of the same sphere as the dome itself; however, such domes are rare. In the case of the more common compound dome, the pendentives are part of the surface of a larger sphere below that of the dome itself and form a circular base for either the dome or a drum section.

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Materials

The earliest domes in the Middle East were built with mud-brick and, eventually, with baked brick and stone. Domes of wood allowed for wide spans due to the relatively light and flexible nature of the material and were the normal method for domed churches by the 7th century, although most domes were built with the other less flexible materials. Wooden domes were protected from the weather by roofing, such as copper or lead sheeting. Domes of cut stone were more expensive and never as large, and timber was used for large spans where brick was unavailable. Brick domes were the favored choice for large-space monumental coverings until the Industrial Age, due to their convenience and dependability. Ties and chains of iron or wood could be used to resist stresses.

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Makrana marble

The best quality of marble in this world. The oldest and the best quality marble in the world. It needs no chemical reinforcement like Italian marble, no pin holes, no color change and loss of polish. This is practically verified by the buildings and numerous temples,mosques,churches and monuments in India for over 1000 years now. Thus a life of next seven generation is guaranteed. Makrana marble is basically a god quality of marble. it also known as milky white marble. this marble have white color , gray and panther brown looks. . actually Makrana is the name of village. which marble produce from here. that known as Dungri marble. There are 150 Gangsaw estabilished mfg. marble slabs & tiles. The Investment in marble units is of Rs. 5000 Crore approx. More than 2500 marble seller units are here. This sector emplyed Fifty thousand direct & indirect persons.

Makrana is a town in the Nagaur district of Indian state of Rajasthan. Makrana is famous for the white stone as marble mined from the mines around it. It is said that the Taj Mahal was built from Makrana marble. Makrana is a small town, but it has plenty of marble outcrops. Most of the residents in this town work as marble miners.

The town is well linked to railroads and other forms of transportation.

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Known for its white marble reserves, Makrana is a small town in Nagaur district, with a deposit of 56 million tonnes and 40,000 labourers working in 400 mines in the several ranges of the Aravallis. Makrana, along with Rajsamand, are the main centres of marble in Rajasthan. Calcitic in nature, Makrana Marble is regarded as the oldest in age and finest in quality[1].

The present rate of marble production from Makrana is 1.20 lakh tonnes per year with an annual revenue of Rs 36 crore.

Makrana is source of employment to at least 1 Lac people of about 100 surrounding villages. The famous Victoria Memorial of Kolkata, the world famous Taj Mahal in Agra, Raudat Tahera in Mumbai and Jain Temple of Dilwara in south Rajasthan are built from Makrana Marble. [edit] Mining

Makrana has various mining ranges, popularly known as Doongri, devi, Ulodi, Saabwali, Gulabi, Kumari, Neharkhan, Matabhar, Matabhar kumari, Chuck doongri, Chosira etc.

Doongri, devi, Saabwali, Ulodi, Chosira and Neharkhan are famous for white marble, whereas Ulodi is famous for Albeto Marble. These mines produce white-brown belt beautiful marble. Gulabi stands for pink plain and pink Adanga marble whereas almost all mines produce Adanga marbles with brown and grey sheds.

Makrana marble is a metamorphic rock. It is a single deposit in India. The Makrana marble has 90 to 98 percent CaCo3. [citation needed] Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[2], Makrana had a population of 83,289. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Makrana has an average literacy rate of 55%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 44%. In Makrana, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age.

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