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Transcript of Vision - Accueilbengioy/talks/DL-Tutorial-NIPS2015-vision.pdf · NEC, NVIDIA, MobilEye,...
![Page 1: Vision - Accueilbengioy/talks/DL-Tutorial-NIPS2015-vision.pdf · NEC, NVIDIA, MobilEye, Qualcomm….. Everyone uses ConvNets ... vision-based navigation for off-road robot (LAGR Project](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5ab9f3897f8b9ab62f8e7889/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Y LeCun
Vision
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Y LeCunImage Recognition and Understanding
Almost all modern image understanding systems use ConvNets.
Google, Facebook, Microsoft, IBM, Baidu, Yahoo/Flickr, Adobe, Yandex, Wechat,NEC, NVIDIA, MobilEye, Qualcomm….. Everyone uses ConvNets
Each of the 700 Million photos uploaded on Facebook every day goes throughtwo ConvNets:1 for object recognition, 1 for face recognition.
The Tesla autopilot uses a ConvNet
All the hardware companies are tuning their chips for running ConvNetsNVIDIA, Intel, MobilEye, Qualcomm, Samsung…...
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Y LeCun
Simultaneous face detection and pose estimation (2003)
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Y LeCun
Pedestrian Detection
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Y LeCun
ConvNet in Connectomics [Jain, Turaga, Seung 2007-present]
3D ConvNet
Volumetric
Images
Each voxellabeled as“membrane”or “non-membraneusing a 7x7x7voxelneighborhood
Has become astandardmethod inconnectomics
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Y LeCunScene Parsing/Labeling
[Farabet et al. ICML 2012, PAMI 2013]
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Y LeCunScene Parsing/Labeling: Multiscale ConvNet Architecture
Each output sees a large input context:46x46 window at full rez; 92x92 at ½ rez; 184x184 at ¼ rez
[7x7conv]->[2x2pool]->[7x7conv]->[2x2pool]->[7x7conv]->
Trained supervised on fully-labeled images
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Y LeCunScene Parsing/Labeling
[Farabet et al. ICML 2012, PAMI 2013]
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Y LeCunScene Parsing/Labeling
No post-processingFrame-by-frameConvNet runs at 50ms/frame on Virtex-6 FPGA hardware
But communicating the features over ethernet limits systemperformance
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Y LeCunvision-based navigation for off-road robot (LAGR Project 2005-2009)
Getting a robot to driveautonomously inunknown terrain solely from vision(camera input).
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Y LeCun
ConvNet for Long Range Adaptive Robot Vision (DARPA LAGR program 2005-2008)
Input imageInput image Stereo LabelsStereo Labels Classifier OutputClassifier Output
Input imageInput image Stereo LabelsStereo Labels Classifier OutputClassifier Output
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Y LeCunLong Range Vision with a Convolutional Net
Pre-processing (125 ms)– Ground plane estimation– Horizon leveling– Conversion to YUV + local
contrast normalization– Scale invariant pyramid of
distance-normalized image“bands”
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Y LeCunConvolutional Net Architecture
YUV image band
20-36 pixels tall,
36-500 pixels wide
100 features per
3x12x25 input window `̀
YUV input
3@36x484
CONVOLUTIONS (7x6)
20@30x484
...
MAX SUBSAMPLING (1x4)
CONVOLUTIONS (6x5)
20@30x125
......
100@25x121
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Y LeCunThen in 2011, two things happened...
The ImageNet dataset [Fei-Fei et al. 2012]1.2 million training samples1000 categories
Fast Graphical Processing Units (GPU)Capable of over 1 trillion operations/second
Backpack
Flute
Strawberry
Bathing cap
Matchstick
Racket
Sea lion
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Y LeCun
Very Deep ConvNet for Object Recognition
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Y LeCunImageNet: Classification
Give the name of the dominant object in the image
Top-5 error rates: if correct class is not in top 5, count as errorRed:ConvNet, blue: no ConvNet
2012 Teams %error
Supervision (Toronto) 15.3
ISI (Tokyo) 26.1
VGG (Oxford) 26.9
XRCE/INRIA 27.0
UvA (Amsterdam) 29.6
INRIA/LEAR 33.4
2013 Teams %error
Clarifai (NYU spinoff) 11.7
NUS (singapore) 12.9
Zeiler-Fergus (NYU) 13.5
A. Howard 13.5
OverFeat (NYU) 14.1
UvA (Amsterdam) 14.2
Adobe 15.2
VGG (Oxford) 15.2
VGG (Oxford) 23.0
2014 Teams %error
GoogLeNet 6.6
VGG (Oxford) 7.3
MSRA 8.0
A. Howard 8.1
DeeperVision 9.5
NUS-BST 9.7
TTIC-ECP 10.2
XYZ 11.2
UvA 12.1
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Y LeCun
Learning in Action
● How the filters in the first layer learn
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Y LeCunVery Deep ConvNet Architectures
Small kernels, not much subsampling (fractional subsampling).
VGG
GoogLeNet
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Y LeCunClassification+Localization. Results
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Y LeCunDetection: Examples
200 broad categories
There is a penalty for falsepositives
Some examples are easysome areimpossible/ambiguous
Some classes are welldetected
Burritos?
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Y LeCunDetection Examples
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Y LeCunDetection Examples
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Y LeCunDetection Examples
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Y LeCunDetection Examples
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Y LeCunDetection Examples
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Y LeCunSegmenting and Localizing Objects
[Pinheiro, Collobert,Dollar ICCV 2015]
ConvNetproduces objectmasks
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Y LeCun
Deep Face
[Taigman et al. CVPR 2014]
Alignment
ConvNet
Metric Learning
Deployed at Facebook for Auto-tagging
600 million photos per day
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Y LeCunSiamese Architecture and loss function
∥GWx1−G
w x
2∥
DW
GW x
1 G
W x
2
x1
x2
∥GWx
1−G
w x
2∥
DW
GW x
1 G
W x
2
x1
x2
Similar images (neighbors
in the neighborhood graph)
Dissimilar images
(non-neighbors in theneighborhood graph)
Make this small Make this large
Contrative Obective Function
Similar objects shouldproduce outputs that arenearby
Dissimilar objects shouldproduce output that arefar apart.
DrLIM: DimensionalityReduction by Learningand Invariant Mapping
[Chopra et al. CVPR 2005][Hadsell et al. CVPR 2006]
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Y LeCunPose Estimation and Attribute Recovery with ConvNets
Body pose estimation [Tompson et al. ICLR, 2014]
Real-time hand pose recovery
[Tompson et al. Trans. on Graphics 14]
Pose-Aligned Network for Deep Attribute Modeling
[Zhang et al. CVPR 2014] (Facebook AI Research)
HAND POSE VIDEO
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Y LeCunPerson Detection and Pose Estimation
Tompson, Goroshin, Jain, LeCun, Bregler arXiv:1411.4280 (2014)
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Y LeCunPerson Detection and Pose Estimation
Tompson, Goroshin, Jain, LeCun, Bregler arXiv:1411.4280 (2014)
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Y LeCun
32
SPATIAL MODEL
Start with a tree graphical modelMRF over spatial locations
local evidence function
compatibility function
Joint Distribution:
observed
latent / hidden
iii
jiji xxxx
ZwesfP ~, ,
1,,,
,
we,
es,
sf , ss ,~
ee ,~ ww,~
ff ,~
e~e
s~sf
ww~
f~
![Page 33: Vision - Accueilbengioy/talks/DL-Tutorial-NIPS2015-vision.pdf · NEC, NVIDIA, MobilEye, Qualcomm….. Everyone uses ConvNets ... vision-based navigation for off-road robot (LAGR Project](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5ab9f3897f8b9ab62f8e7889/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Y LeCunSPATIAL MODEL
33
Start with a tree graphical model
… And approximate it
i
|| iii xfcxfxffb
f ff |
f sf |
fb
ffc |
sfc |
![Page 34: Vision - Accueilbengioy/talks/DL-Tutorial-NIPS2015-vision.pdf · NEC, NVIDIA, MobilEye, Qualcomm….. Everyone uses ConvNets ... vision-based navigation for off-road robot (LAGR Project](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5ab9f3897f8b9ab62f8e7889/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Y LeCunImage captioning: generating a descriptive sentence
[Lebret, Pinheiro, Collobert 2015][Kulkarni 11][Mitchell 12][Vinyals 14][Mao 14][Karpathy 14][Donahue 14]...
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Video Classification
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Y LeCun
Learning Video Features with C3D
• C3D Architecture– 8 convolution, 5 pool, 2 fully-connected layers– 3x3x3 convolution kernels– 2x2x2 pooling kernels
• Dataset: Sports-1M [Karpathy et al. CVPR’14]– 1.1M videos of 487 different sport categories– Train/test splits are provided
Du Tran (1,2)
Lubomir Bourdev(2)
Rob Fergus(2,3)
Lorenzo Torresani(1)
Manohar Paluri(2)
(1) Dartmouth College, (2) Facebook AI Research, (3) New York University
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Y LeCun
Learning Video Features with C3D
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Y LeCun
Learning Video Features with C3D
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Y LeCunSupervised ConvNets that Draw Pictures
Using ConvNets to Produce Images
[Dosovitskyi et al. Arxiv:1411:5928
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Y LeCunSupervised ConvNets that Draw Pictures
Generating Chairs
Chair Arithmetic in Feature Space
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Y LeCunConvolutional Encoder-Decoder
Generating Faces
[Kulkarni et al. Arxiv:1503:03167]