Visceral Leishmaniasis
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Transcript of Visceral Leishmaniasis
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Visceral Leishmaniasis
Collin PriceSpring 2011
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Visceral Leishmaniasis – also known as Kala Azar – is a systemic disease that primarily affects
the liver, spleen, and bone marrow
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Symptoms of VL include hepatosplenomegaly, high fever, anemia, and weight loss
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Like every disease we have studied, visceral Leishmaniasis is a disease of the poor
http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/photogallery/2011/11india/image001.jpg
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VL is endemic in 88 countries, with 90% of cases occurring in Brazil, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sudan.
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The causal agent is a protozoan of genus Leishmania - related to organisms causing Sleeping
Sickness, Chagas, and Malaria
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Leishmaniasis is transmitted via a blood sucking sand fly of the species
Phlebotominae
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Look familiar?
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Proteins on the surface of the promastigote allow the organism to escape lysis by the complement system
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Once inside the macrophage, the protozoan relies on a trans-membrane pump to acquire iron for
metabolism
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The best way to diagnose infection with Leishmaniasis is visualization of the amastigotes in blood or
aspirates from infected tissue
http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/parasit06/paraav/images/10-21.jpg
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Classically, therapy has involved treatment with antimonial compounds
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Miltefosine might be the answer, with a 95% cure rate!
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35 Countries around the world have reported cases of VL/HIV co-infection
http://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/burden/hiv_coinfection/en/leishmaniasis_hiv_countries.gif
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Rescue in Sudan“Where else in the world could 50% of the population die without
anyone knowing?”-Dr. Jill Seaman
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REFERENCES Pictures
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/305800/enlarge (SEM) http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/archives/NSEP/Brazil2002/leishmania/Images/
Leish91.jpg http://
www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/archives/NSEP/Brazil2002/leishmania/Images/Leish91.jpg http://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/leishmaniasis_maps/en/index.html http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phlebotomus_pappatasi_bloodmeal_begin.jpg http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v5/n11/images/nrmicro1748-f3.jpg http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/photogallery/2011/11india/image001.jpg http://microbeworld.org/images/stories/twip/l_donovani.jpg http://
www.stanford.edu/group/parasites/ParaSites2010/Zach_Wettstein/Development%20of%20Drugs%20for%20the%20Treatment%20of%20Visceral%20Leishmaniasis.html
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BVAT0FI3vWo/TGf539li0eI/AAAAAAAAAvI/0ReeaJ6VY78/s1600/Leishmania_tropica_7.jpg
http://animal.discovery.com/invertebrates/monsters-inside-me/cutaneous-leishmaniasis-leishmania/images/cutaneous-leishmaniasis-leishmania.jpg
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REFERENCES Information
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visceral_leishmaniasis#cite_note-Dowell1997-38 Amanda C Stanley1 and Christian R Engwerda1. Balancing immunity and pathology
in visceral leishmaniasis. Immunology and Cell Biology (2007) 85, 138–147. doi:10.1038/sj.icb.7100011; published online 5 December 2006
http://biology-today.com/general-zoology/invertebrate-zoology/structure-of-leishmania/
Alison M. Shakarian, Glen C. McGugan, Manju B. Joshi, Mary Stromberg, Lauren Bowers, Christine Ganim, Jessica Barowski and Dennis M. Dwyer. Identification, characterization, and expression of a unique secretory lipase from the human pathogen Leishmania donovani. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. Volume 341, Numbers 1-2, 17-31
Emanuela Handman. Leishmaniasis: Current Status of Vaccine Development. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. April 2001 14:229-243.
Christian R Engwerda, Paul M Kaye, Organ-specific immune responses associated with infectious disease, Immunology Today, Volume 21, Issue 2, 1 February 2000, Pages 73-78
J Román Luque-Ortega, José M Saugar, Cristina Chiva, David Andreu, Luis Rivas. Identification of new leishmanicidal peptide lead structures by automated real-time monitoring of changes in intracellular ATP. Biochem. J. (2003) 375 (221-30)