VIRTUALIZATION IN DESKTOP COMPUTERS

INTRODUCTION TO VIRTUALIZATION

• In a general sense, virtualization, is the creation of a virtual, rather than an actual, version of something.

For example:

Google Earth, It is a virtual image of Earth which hold every detail about earth.

• From a computing perspective, we might have already done some virtualization if you’ve ever partitioned a hard disk drive into more than one “virtual” drive.

• Virtualization in a computing environment can be present in many different forms, some of which are:• Hardware virtualization• Storage and data virtualization• Software virtualization• Network virtualization

HISTORY OF VIRTUALIZATION

• The concept of virtualization is generally believed to have its origins in the mainframe days in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when IBM invested a lot of time and effort in developing robust time-sharing solutions. Time-sharing refers to the shared usage of computer resources among a large group of users, aiming to increase the efficiency of both the users and the expensive computer resources they share. This model represented a major breakthrough in computer technology: the cost of providing computing capability dropped considerably and it became possible for organizations, and even individuals, to use a computer without actually owning one. Similar reasons are driving virtualization for industry standard computing today: the capacity in a single server is so large that it is almost impossible for most workloads to effectively use it. The best way to improve resource utilization, and at the same time simplify data center management, is through virtualization.

• Data centers today use virtualization techniques to make abstraction of the physical hardware, create large aggregated pools of logical resources consisting of CPUs, memory, disks, file storage, applications, networking, and offer those resources to users or customers in the form of agile, scalable, consolidated virtual machines. Even though the technology and use cases have evolved, the core meaning of virtualization remains the same: to enable a computing environment to run multiple independent systems at the same time.

• FOR EXAMPLE :

• PS3 EMULATOR FOR WINDOWS MACHINES.

WHAT IS VIRTUALIZATION IN DESTOP COMPUTERS?

Virtualization allows multiple operating system instances to run concurrently on a single computer; it is a means of separating hardware from a single operating system. Each “guest” OS is managed by a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM), also known as a hypervisor. Because the virtualization system sits between the guest and the hardware, it can control the guests’ use of CPU, memory, and storage, even allowing a guest OS to migrate from one machine to another. By using specially designed software, an administrator can convert one physical server into multiple virtual machines. Each virtual server acts like a unique physical device, capable of running its ownoperating system(OS).

WHAT IS HYPERVISOR ?

A hypervisor, also called a virtual machine manager, is a program that allows multiple operating systems to share a single hardware host. Each operating system appears to have the host's processor, memory, and other resources all to itself.

Hypervisor are of two types-

1> Type-1: native or bare-metal hypervisors

These hypervisors run directly on the host's hardware to control the hardware and to manage guest operating systems. For this reason, they are sometimes called bare metal hypervisors. A guest operating system runs as a process on the host. The first hypervisors, which IBM developed in the 1960s, were native hypervisors.

2> Type-2: hosted hypervisors

These hypervisors run on a conventional operating system just as other computer programs do. Type-2 hypervisors abstract guest operating systems from the host operating system. VMware Workstation and VirtualBox are examples of type-2 hypervisors.

TYPES OF VIRTUALIZATIONS

THERE ARE MORE THEN ONE TYPES OF VIRTUALIZATIONS FEW OF THEM ARE

FULL VIRTUALIZATION • Hardware virtualization• Storage and data virtualization• Software virtualization• Network virtualization

APPLICATION VIRTUALIZATION

FULL VIRTUALIZATION

• Full virtualization uses a special kind of software called ahypervisor .The hypervisor interacts directly with the physical server's CPU and diskspace . It serves as a platformfor the virtual servers operating systems. The hypervisor keeps each virtual server completely independent and unaware of the other virtual servers running on the physical machine. Each guest server runs on its own OS -- you can even have one guest running on Linux and another on Windows.

VIRTUAL MACHINE (VM)

IN COMPUTING, A VIRTUAL MACHINE (VM) IS AN EMULATION OF A PARTICULAR COMPUTER SYSTEM. VIRTUAL MACHINES OPERATE BASED ON THE COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF A REAL OR HYPOTHETICAL COMPUTER, AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATIONS MAY INVOLVE SPECIALIZED HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, OR A COMBINATION OF BOTH.

INTERNAL VIEW:

HOW TO ACHIVE FULL VIRTUALIZATION ?

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VMware Workstation

Oracle VirtualBox

FULL VIRTUALIZATION USING VMware WORKSTATION

TO ACHIEVE FULL VIRTUALIZATION IN DESKTOP COMPUTER WE NEED A VIRTUAL MACHINE (VMWARE WORKSTATION ). VIRTUAL MACHINE HAVEALL THE SERVICES OF THE PHYSICAL SYSTEM, INCLUDING AVIRTUAL BIOS, VIRTUAL DEVICES AND VIRTUALIZED MEMORYMANAGEMENT.

Steps:

1.INSTALLING VIRTUAL MACHINE IN OPERATING SYSTEM.2.START VMWARE WORKSTATION.3.START THE NEW VIRTUAL MACHINE WIZARD.4.SELECTING CONFIGURATION.5.SELECT A GUEST OPERATING SYSTEM.6. SELECT A NAME AND FOLDER FOR THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.7. CONFIGURE THE NETWORKING CAPABILITIES OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.8. SPECIFY THE SIZE OF THE VIRTUAL DISK.9. SPECIFY THE LOCATION OF THE VIRTUAL DISK'S FILES.10. FINISH THE WIZARD THEN START THE GUEST OS.

AVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VIRTUAL MACHINE

ADVANTAGES

• Multiple OS environments can exist simultaneously on the same machine, isolated from each other.

• Save extra hardware cost.

• sharing a computer system among multiple users.

• dynamically partitioning and sharingthe available physical resources such as CPU,storage, memory and I/O devices.

DISADVANTAGES

• Virtual machine is not that efficient as a real one when accessing the hardware.

• When multiple virtual machines are simultaneously running on a host computer, each virtual machine may introduce an unstable performance, which depends on the workload on the system by other running virtual machines.

REFERENCES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_virtualization

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating-system-level_virtualization

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_virtualization

https://www.vmware.com/in/products/workstation/faqs/faqs

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor

http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/VMware_paravirtualization.pdf

THANK YOU