Virology Ppt
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Transcript of Virology Ppt
![Page 1: Virology Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061201/5478b601b4af9fb00c8b4596/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
VIRUSES IN THE AQUASYTEM :
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“FISHERIES”The Fishing Industry
BUSINESS
FOOD SOURCE
TRADE and TOURISM
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RECALL:
A VIRUS is a particle whose genome is nucleic acid either DNA or RNA that
reproduces inside a living cell
All Viruses are Obligate Pathogens
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AN ADVANTAGE;
THE BACTERIOPHAGE A common and diverse group of
viruses and are the most abundant form of biological entity in aquatic environments.
Bacteriophages are the viruses which infects bacteria which are widely distributed in nature and found in water, in soil, in humans or in the cell of microbes.
Bacteriophages like all viruses are composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.
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TWO TYPES OF BACTERIAL VIRUSES
i). Lytic or virulent phages: - These phages infect the bacteria and the cells respond by producing large number of virus by lysing or killing the bacterial cells.
ii. Lysogen phages: - These phages incorporate their genome into the host genome and divide along with the host bacterial cells and no cell lyses occurs in this type of phages.
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Use in Aquaculture:
Advantages of Bacteriophages over Antibiotics:
AQUA-CULTURE
ANTI-BIOTICS
TREAT/ ControlBACt.
DIseases
Longterm exposure
Antibiotic Resistant strains of bacteria in
aqua environment
Disease OUTBREAK
Economical LOST of Fish
Farmers
Bacteriophagein AQUACULTURE
(Resangpan and Kitao, 1992 and Karunasagar, et al., 1994).
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Advantages of Bacteriophages over Antibiotics:
The used of phages for the biological control of pathogens of cultured fish and shrimp has developed interest in recent years since no drugs residues, drug toxicity are associated with this type of therapy
(Wu and choa,1981; Nakai et al ., 1999.)
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OTHER ADVANTAGES of VIRUSES
• BALANCE in the food webs.
(e.g bacteria – virus relationship)
• Marine viruses add a whole new dimension to EVOLUTION.
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THE DISADVANTAGES
CAUSES OF FISH DISEASES
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Determinants of Viral Pathology
Once the virus enters the cell, it may either 1)cause no major change in the cell;2) kill the cell; or 3) cause the cell to multiply rapidly and
then die or become cancerous.
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Patterns of Disease
THREE major patterns of disease
(1) localized
(2) disseminated
(3) unapparent.
caused by viruses which first spread sequentially throughout various regions and organs of the body, often spreading via the blood (called a viremia), and then cause disease
infection patterns that tend to stay in or near the site or organ of infection
the most common.
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VIRAL FISH DISEASES
The Disadvantage:
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Fish Pox A.K.A. cutaneous warts/Epithelioma papulosum/ carp pox.
causes growth retardation, mortality and some spinal deformation.
Temperature correlated disease- occurs during cooler months and disappears at warmer months.
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Viral haemorrhagic septicemia (VHS)
A.K.A. “Egtved disease”/ “Egtved virus” (VHSV)
• Different strains of VHSV occur in different regions and affect different species.
• Virus not known to be harmful to human
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Spring Viremia of Carp, SVC
• A.K.A. Acute Infectious Dropsy.
• Caused by Rhabdovirus carpio.
• Respiration/ gilling reduced, loss of equilibrium and some stay near the bottom.
• Affected fish have dropsy(swollen abdomen) blood spots on skin,gills and eyes, intestinal infection evident.
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RECENT STUDIES
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Fish Virology
virology
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• - a member the orthomyxoviruses and makes up the genus Isavirus
• - has a genome consisting of eight single strand negative sense RNA segments of equivalent size range
Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV)
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• - belongs to the genus alphavirus in the family Togaviridae
• - the causative agent of the economically important disease known as Pancreas Disease (PD)
• - genome molecule is in itself infective to a host cell if it is introduced to cytosol
Salmonid alphavirus (SAV)
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• associated with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI)
• almost ubiquitous among farmed fish
Piscine reovirus (PRV)
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END
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