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Transcript of Virology
Virology
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Virus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Virus ✴Particle made of nucleic acid and a protein coat
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Virus ✴Particle made of nucleic acid and a protein coat
✴~100x smaller than our cells
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Virus ✴Particle made of nucleic acid and a protein coat
✴~100x smaller than our cells
✴Virology-the study of viruses (structure, classification, isolation, potential uses)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Virus ✴Particle made of nucleic acid and a protein coat
✴~100x smaller than our cells
✴Virology-the study of viruses (structure, classification, isolation, potential uses)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
The Great Debate
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
The Great Debate
✴Are viruses living organisms?
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
You Be the Judge
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
You Be the Judge
✴They have nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
You Be the Judge
✴They have nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)✴No membrane bound organelles
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
You Be the Judge
✴They have nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)✴No membrane bound organelles✴They cannot metabolize or divide
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
You Be the Judge
✴They have nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)✴No membrane bound organelles✴They cannot metabolize or divide✴Must use a host to reproduce
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Structure
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Structure✴Nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid
coat
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Structure✴Nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid
coat✴4 types:
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Structure✴Nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid
coat✴4 types: ✴helical
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Structure✴Nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid
coat✴4 types: ✴helical✴icosahedral
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Structure✴Nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid
coat✴4 types: ✴helical✴icosahedral✴enveloped
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Structure✴Nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid
coat✴4 types: ✴helical✴icosahedral✴enveloped✴bacteriophage
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Helical Virus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Helical Virus✴Spiral tube of protein (“stair case”)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Helical Virus✴Spiral tube of protein (“stair case”)✴Tobacco mosaic virus, rabies
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Helical Virus✴Spiral tube of protein (“stair case”)✴Tobacco mosaic virus, rabies
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Helical Virus✴Spiral tube of protein (“stair case”)✴Tobacco mosaic virus, rabies
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Icosahedral Virus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Icosahedral Virus✴Appear spherical at low mag.
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Icosahedral Virus✴Appear spherical at low mag.✴They actually have 20 triangular sides
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Icosahedral Virus✴Appear spherical at low mag.✴They actually have 20 triangular sides✴Hepatitis B
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Icosahedral Virus✴Appear spherical at low mag.✴They actually have 20 triangular sides✴Hepatitis B
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Icosahedral Virus✴Appear spherical at low mag.✴They actually have 20 triangular sides✴Hepatitis B
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Enveloped Virus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Enveloped Virus✴Spherical shape
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Enveloped Virus✴Spherical shape✴These viruses highjack a host’s cell
membrane, forming an envelope
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Enveloped Virus✴Spherical shape✴These viruses highjack a host’s cell
membrane, forming an envelope✴Glycoproteins (“receptors”) on the surface
of the envelope allow the virus to appear “friendly”
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Enveloped Virus✴Spherical shape✴These viruses highjack a host’s cell
membrane, forming an envelope✴Glycoproteins (“receptors”) on the surface
of the envelope allow the virus to appear “friendly”
✴HIV, influenza
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Enveloped Virus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Enveloped Virus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Enveloped Virus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Enveloped Virus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage“Complex Viruses”
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage“Complex Viruses”
✴Hexagonal head bound to a helical tail
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage“Complex Viruses”
✴Hexagonal head bound to a helical tail✴Resemble a lunar landing pod
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage“Complex Viruses”
✴Hexagonal head bound to a helical tail✴Resemble a lunar landing pod✴Tail fibers act (“legs”) help to inject DNA
into the host cell
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage“Complex Viruses”
✴Hexagonal head bound to a helical tail✴Resemble a lunar landing pod✴Tail fibers act (“legs”) help to inject DNA
into the host cell✴T Phages (E.coli)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage Replication
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage Replication
✴Lytic Cycle- during the lytic cycle a virus invades a host, produces new viruses, and destroys the host (lysis)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage Replication
✴Lytic Cycle- during the lytic cycle a virus invades a host, produces new viruses, and destroys the host (lysis)
✴Viruses that replicate this way are known as virulent
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage Replication
✴Lytic Cycle- during the lytic cycle a virus invades a host, produces new viruses, and destroys the host (lysis)
✴Viruses that replicate this way are known as virulent
✴T phages are virulentTuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage Replication
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage Replication
wLysogenic Cycle- sometimes a virus may infect a host cell and remain dormant
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage Replication
wLysogenic Cycle- sometimes a virus may infect a host cell and remain dormant
wThis type of virus is known as a temperate virus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage Replication
wLysogenic Cycle- sometimes a virus may infect a host cell and remain dormant
wThis type of virus is known as a temperate virus
wTemperate virus DNA will combine with host DNA creating a prophage
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage Replication
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Bacteriophage Replication
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Viral Replication
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Viral Replication
✴Infection begins when a virus recognizes and attaches to or enters a host cell
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Viral Replication
✴Infection begins when a virus recognizes and attaches to or enters a host cell
✴The viral genome takes over the cell, making it a factory for more viruses
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Viral Replication
✴Infection begins when a virus recognizes and attaches to or enters a host cell
✴The viral genome takes over the cell, making it a factory for more viruses
✴Because they can only replicate with the help of a host, viruses are known as obligate intracellular parasites
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
✴DNA Viruses:
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✴DNA Viruses:✴Some DNA enters a host and makes mRNA
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
✴DNA Viruses:✴Some DNA enters a host and makes mRNA✴Other DNA may actually insert into a host
cell’s chromosome (provirus)
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✴DNA Viruses:✴Some DNA enters a host and makes mRNA✴Other DNA may actually insert into a host
cell’s chromosome (provirus)✴RNA Viruses:
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
✴DNA Viruses:✴Some DNA enters a host and makes mRNA✴Other DNA may actually insert into a host
cell’s chromosome (provirus)✴RNA Viruses:✴Some RNA enters the host and serves
directly as RNA
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
✴DNA Viruses:✴Some DNA enters a host and makes mRNA✴Other DNA may actually insert into a host
cell’s chromosome (provirus)✴RNA Viruses:✴Some RNA enters the host and serves
directly as RNA ✴Other RNA may be transcribed and serve
as a template for more viral DNA
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Tuesday, January 26, 2010
✴Some RNA viruses (retroviruses) contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
✴Some RNA viruses (retroviruses) contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase
✴This enzyme is used to transcribe viral RNA into DNA (reversing the normal process of transcription)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
✴Some RNA viruses (retroviruses) contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase
✴This enzyme is used to transcribe viral RNA into DNA (reversing the normal process of transcription)
✴This viral DNA is used to make more viruses
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
✴Some RNA viruses (retroviruses) contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase
✴This enzyme is used to transcribe viral RNA into DNA (reversing the normal process of transcription)
✴This viral DNA is used to make more viruses
✴HIV is a retrovirus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Virology
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
VirologyPart Deux
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Human Viral Diseases
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Human Viral Diseases✴Because viruses aren’t “alive” they must
be spread by an intermediate host (vector)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Human Viral Diseases✴Because viruses aren’t “alive” they must
be spread by an intermediate host (vector)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Human Viral Diseases✴Because viruses aren’t “alive” they must
be spread by an intermediate host (vector)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Human Viral Diseases✴Because viruses aren’t “alive” they must
be spread by an intermediate host (vector)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Chicken Pox/Shingles:
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Chicken Pox/Shingles:✴Caused by vericella-zoster herpesvirus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Chicken Pox/Shingles:✴Caused by vericella-zoster herpesvirus✴Spread through the air and contact
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Chicken Pox/Shingles:✴Caused by vericella-zoster herpesvirus✴Spread through the air and contact✴May remain dormant as a provirus and
become shingles
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Viral Hepatitis
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Viral Hepatitis✴Inflammation of the liver caused
by 5 different viruses
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Viral Hepatitis✴Inflammation of the liver caused
by 5 different viruses✴A and E spread by fecal matter
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Viral Hepatitis✴Inflammation of the liver caused
by 5 different viruses✴A and E spread by fecal matter✴B,C and D spread by sexual
contact or blood transfusion
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
AIDS
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
AIDS✴Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
AIDS✴Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome✴Caused by the HIV virus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
AIDS✴Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome✴Caused by the HIV virus✴Glycoproteins on the surface of the virus
bind to receptor sites of immune cells (macrophages)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
AIDS✴Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome✴Caused by the HIV virus✴Glycoproteins on the surface of the virus
bind to receptor sites of immune cells (macrophages)
✴Retrovirus, Provirus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
AIDS✴Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome✴Caused by the HIV virus✴Glycoproteins on the surface of the virus
bind to receptor sites of immune cells (macrophages)
✴Retrovirus, Provirus✴Genetically diverse
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Is there a cure ?
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Is there a cure ?✴Azydothymidine- inhibits reverse
transcriptase
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Is there a cure ?✴Azydothymidine- inhibits reverse
transcriptase ✴Protease inibitors- blocks synthesis of
new capsids
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Is there a cure ?✴Azydothymidine- inhibits reverse
transcriptase ✴Protease inibitors- blocks synthesis of
new capsids✴These drugs can only slow the
progression to full-blown AIDS
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Emerging Diseases
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Emerging Diseases ✴Caused by infections in animal
populations
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Emerging Diseases ✴Caused by infections in animal
populations✴Rainforest animals-> Ebola
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Emerging Diseases ✴Caused by infections in animal
populations✴Rainforest animals-> Ebola✴Hanta virus (pneumonia)-> mice
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Emerging Diseases ✴Caused by infections in animal
populations✴Rainforest animals-> Ebola✴Hanta virus (pneumonia)-> mice✴SARS-> civet cats
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Tuesday, January 26, 2010
✴Epidemic- quickly spreading infectious disease
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✴Epidemic- quickly spreading infectious disease
✴Pandemic- disease spreads over large regions
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
✴Epidemic- quickly spreading infectious disease
✴Pandemic- disease spreads over large regions
✴Bubonic plague, Small pox
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Treatment
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Treatment✴Vaccine- harmless version of a virus used to
build an immune response (microevolution)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Treatment✴Vaccine- harmless version of a virus used to
build an immune response (microevolution)✴Inactivated virus- not able to replicate
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Treatment✴Vaccine- harmless version of a virus used to
build an immune response (microevolution)✴Inactivated virus- not able to replicate✴Attenuated virus- weakened form of a virus; no
ability to cause disease
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Treatment✴Vaccine- harmless version of a virus used to
build an immune response (microevolution)✴Inactivated virus- not able to replicate✴Attenuated virus- weakened form of a virus; no
ability to cause disease✴Vector control
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Treatment✴Vaccine- harmless version of a virus used to
build an immune response (microevolution)✴Inactivated virus- not able to replicate✴Attenuated virus- weakened form of a virus; no
ability to cause disease✴Vector control✴Drug therapy- interfere with DNA/RNA
synthesis
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Treatment✴Vaccine- harmless version of a virus used to
build an immune response (microevolution)✴Inactivated virus- not able to replicate✴Attenuated virus- weakened form of a virus; no
ability to cause disease✴Vector control✴Drug therapy- interfere with DNA/RNA
synthesis✴Acyclovir- blocks DNA polymerase
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Viroids vs. Prions
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Viroids vs. Prions
✴Viroids
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Viroids vs. Prions
✴Viroids✴Single-stranded
RNA
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Viroids vs. Prions
✴Viroids✴Single-stranded
RNA ✴Disrupt plant
metabolism
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Viroids vs. Prions
✴Viroids✴Single-stranded
RNA ✴Disrupt plant
metabolism✴Coconuts,
oranges, potatoes
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Viroids vs. Prions
✴Viroids✴Single-stranded
RNA ✴Disrupt plant
metabolism✴Coconuts,
oranges, potatoes
✴Prions✴Infectious
protein particles
✴Clump in brain; cause cell death
✴Mad cow, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Tuesday, January 26, 2010