Virginia Pupil Transportation June 23, 2010 Russ Spangler Vice President – Automotive & Bus Sales...
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Transcript of Virginia Pupil Transportation June 23, 2010 Russ Spangler Vice President – Automotive & Bus Sales...
Virginia Pupil Transportation
June 23, 2010
Russ SpanglerVice President – Automotive & Bus SalesCummins Atlantic LLC
Rick Glover- Technical Support ManagerCummins Inc.Southern Division
Todays Topics
2010 EPA Emissions– Standards
• New for 2010
– Methods
• SCR - Selective Catalytic Reduction
• EGR - Exhaust Gas Recirculation
– Approaches
– What’s next?
CU M M INS M ID-SO UTH , IN C.
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C UM M IN S INTERS TATE PO W ER , INC. C UM M IN S INTERS TATE PO W ER , INC.
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Eau Claire
M au i
CombustionTechnology
Electronic Controls
Turbochargers Fuel Systems
Systems Integration
Aftertreatment System
Diesel Exhaust Fluid Filtration
2010
One 20 year old truck = 100 New
What’s in Air We Breathe?
Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 20%
Carbon Dioxide < 2%
& Trace Elements
Effect of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Sun transformsNOx into SMOG
EPA ’98
0.010.0 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.130.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
EPA NA Emission StandardsN
Ox
– g
/hp
-hr
Particulate – g/hp-hr
EPA ’02
EPA ’07
EPA ’10
Methods for 2010 Emissions Compliance
“Advanced” EGR
Selective Catalytic Reduction
100% EGR Challenges
Fuel Economy Significantly Compromised
5-9% loss
Combustion Efficiency degradation:
• Lower Combustion Temperatures
• Higher engine pumping losses
• Increase Particulate Filter Regenerations
100% EGR Challenges
Horsepower - Power Density / Engine Response Significantly Compromised
Deterioration of 50 – 100 hp for same displacement
Higher EGR flow & EGR controls compromises engine performance
100% EGR Challenges
Engine Life-to-Overhaul significantly reduced
Higher EGR flow produces excessive acidic condensation:
• Corrosion of internal engine systems
• High rate of lube oil contamination
Negative impact on Durability
100% EGR Challenges
Significant Increase in Heat Rejection 20% increase
Higher EGR flow:
• Multiple EGR coolers
• Larger vehicle cooling package
• Major redesign of radiator / Charge Air Cooler / Fan systems
Increased Heat Load under the hood
What is Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)?
SCR uses a chemical called Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) and a SCR catalytic converter to significantly reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in diesel engines.
Cummins Aftertreatment System
Cummins Aftertreatment System
Selective Catalytic Reduction
(SCR) Catalyst
Decomposition Reactor
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Dosing
Valve
Cummins Particulate
Filter
The Right Technology Matters
Cummins Heavy-Duty engines will add integrated SCR solution to meet 2010 EPA Emission Standards
- Significant advancements in SCR technology have been achieved by Cummins Emission Solutions as demonstrated by our 2010 MidRange development program.
- SCR solution offers up to 5% improvement in fuel economy.
The Right Technology Matters
New SCR catalyst technology allows the engine to operate with optimum fuel efficiency
- NOx conversion efficiency of new Copper Zeolite SCR catalyst allows much better fuel economy
- Fuel (+DEF) consumption better than industry-leading Cummins 2007 ISX
- Approximately 2% DEF consumption
- Maximizes Passive Regeneration of the DPF
New SCR catalyst is a Step Change in Technology
Heavy Duty Solution
Cooled EGRParticulateFilter
2007
15L
Cooled EGRParticulateFilter
Same as today
SelectiveCatalytic
Reduction
2010
Heavy Duty Solution
15L
Non-toxic and non-flammable
Safe to handle and store
Poses no serious risk to humans, animals, equipment or the environment if properly handled
The product is slightly alkaline with a pH of approximately 9.0
DEF Properties
Acidic pH
All Outlets
Cummins Outlets - RedOEM Outlets – GreenParts Distribution Centers (PDC) – BlueIndependent Distribution - Yellow
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
Diesel Exhaust Fluid is 32.5% strength urea water solution with high purity requirements.
The specification of Diesel Exhaust Fluid is currently defined according to the DIN 70700 and the ISO 22241-1 specifications.
Water purity: ISO grade 3, produced for example by single distillation, de-ionization, ultra-filtration or reverse osmosis.
The 32.5% wt urea water solution provides the lowest freezing point while also maintaining the solution in constant phase.
– Urea and water freeze together at 11° F so the frozen solution has the same 32.5% wt.
– When thawed, it will remain at the same concentration of urea solution feeding the SCR system.
What happens at different concentrations of Urea:
– Greater concentrations → Urea freezes before water
– Reduced concentrations → Water freezes before Urea
Why 32.5% for DEF?
DEF Freeze Point
Freezing of DEF begins at approximately 11°F.
Once the DEF has melted, it can be used without problem. The first melted drop has the same consistency as defined in the Diesel Exhaust Fluid specification.
The SCR system is designed to provide heating for the DEF tank and supply lines which will reduce the melting time for frozen DEF.
If DEF freezes, start up and normal operation of the vehicle is not inhibited so the operator is not impacted.
DEF Service Tool
A service tool called a refractometer is in development.
The refractometer measures the concentration of urea in the DEF.
May provide one quick, simple way for urea quantification.
How Much will DEF Cost?
Automotive grade DEF is only slightly more expensive to produce compared to Agricultural grade DEF.
- Requires a higher purity urea base stock and deionized water
Higher prices of DEF are associated with smaller containers and low volume suppliers.
DEF prices loosely follow natural gas commodity prices
How Much DEF Will I Use?
Approximately 2% DEF consumption
Every 50 gallons of
fuel =
1 gallon of DEF
Cummins 2010 Advantages
1. Outstanding Base Engine– XPI Fuel System
2. Aftertreatment System– Cummins designed and developed
– Copper Zeolite SCR Catalyst
3. Industry Leading Fuel Economy– 5% better than ISX ’07
– Up to 10% better than competition
– Less driver MPG variability
across the fleet
ISX15 Readiness
1. Proven base engine– Built on success of today’s industry-leading ISX
2. Cummins designed / developed subsystems– Only diesel manufacturer with this capability
3. Exceptional product testing results– Will exceed 5,000,000 field test miles by production launch
4. Service channel is ready for 2010– Approx. 3500 service locations across North America
BetterBetter Every Mile. Every Mile.
BetterBetter Fuel Economy. Fuel Economy.– 5% better than ’07 ISX / Up to 10% better than competition
BetterBetter Performance. Performance.– Improved driveability and throttle response
Better Reliability.– Best-in-class durability and dependability
BetterBetter for the Environment. for the Environment.– Near zero NOx and PM emissions
– Improved MPG results in smaller carbon footprint
Thanks!
0.0
0.5
0.01
US98
0.0 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12
US04
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Global On-Highway Standards
EURO IV
EURO V
NO
x –
g/H
P-h
r
Particulate – g/HP-hr
US07
US10
EURO VI