Virginia & Maryland. Reorganization of the London Co. Virginia Company (1609) Stock options for...
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Transcript of Virginia & Maryland. Reorganization of the London Co. Virginia Company (1609) Stock options for...
Virginia & MarylandVirginia & Maryland
Reorganization of the London Co.
Virginia Company (1609)
Stock options for “adventurers”
Indentured servitude
The “Starving time” (1609-1610)
A chance meeting
Deciding to stay…
Jamestown and its Governors
John Smith returns to England
Governor Lord De La Warr
Harsh labor requirements
Harsh penalties
Land incentives
Private ownership
New relationship with the natives
Jamestown Jamestown Colonization Colonization Pattern:Pattern:1620-16601620-1660
Jamestown Jamestown Colonization Colonization Pattern:Pattern:1620-16601620-1660
River Settlement PatternRiver Settlement PatternRiver Settlement PatternRiver Settlement Pattern
Large plantations [>100 acres].Large plantations [>100 acres].
Widely spread apart [>5 miles].Widely spread apart [>5 miles].
Social/EconomicSocial/EconomicPROBLEMS???PROBLEMS???
Why Was There Such High Why Was There Such High Mortality?Mortality?
Why Was There Such High Why Was There Such High Mortality?Mortality?
POPULATION:POPULATION: 1607: 104 colonists1607: 104 colonists
By spring, 1608: 38 survivedBy spring, 1608: 38 survived
1609: 300 more immigrants1609: 300 more immigrants
By spring, 1610: 60 survivedBy spring, 1610: 60 survived
1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants
1624 population: 1,2001624 population: 1,200
Adult life expectancy: 40 yearsAdult life expectancy: 40 years
Death of children before age 5: 80%Death of children before age 5: 80%
WidowarchyWidowarchyWidowarchyWidowarchy
High mortality among High mortality among husbands and fathers husbands and fathers left many women left many women in the Chesapeake in the Chesapeake colonies with unusual colonies with unusual autonomy and wealth!autonomy and wealth!
Virginia Begins to Thrive
Tobacco is King
John Rolfe
Headright system (1618)
Expansion of Plantations
Craftsmen come to the colony
John RolfeJohn RolfeJohn RolfeJohn Rolfe
King James deplores tobacco
English Tobacco LabelEnglish Tobacco LabelEnglish Tobacco LabelEnglish Tobacco Label
Tobacco and LandGrowing tobacco leached the soil of nutrients requiring the settlers to seek more land. This expansion along the banks of the James River resulted in the displacement of Virginia Indians from their homelands and led to conflict between the two cultures.
Early Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial Tobacco
16181618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.
16221622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.
16271627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.
16291629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.
Tobacco Prices: 1618-1710Tobacco Prices: 1618-1710Tobacco Prices: 1618-1710Tobacco Prices: 1618-1710
Why did tobacco prices decline so precipitously?Why did tobacco prices decline so precipitously?
Labor Problems
Labor shortages
Enslaving Indians
Importing white servants
Beginnings of the African slave trade
The Virginia Assembly of 1619
House of Burgesses
HeadrightHeadrightSystemSystem
Indentured Servitude
Indentured ServitudeIndentured ServitudeIndentured ServitudeIndentured Servitude
Headright System:Headright System:
Each Virginian got 50 acres for each Each Virginian got 50 acres for each person whose passage they paidperson whose passage they paid
Indenture Contract:Indenture Contract:
5-7 years.5-7 years.
Promised “freedom dues” [land, $]Promised “freedom dues” [land, $]
Forbidden to marry.Forbidden to marry.
1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived their 1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts!indentured contracts!
First African Slaves Arrive in Jamestown (1619)
Dutch slave ship
Blown off course—accidentally arrives in Jamestown
1st slaves treated like indentured servants
Evidence of freedoms and privileges that WILL NOT exist later
Chief Powhatan
The clash of co-existence
Matrilineal vs. Patrilineal societies
The role of the “white father”
Concept of land “ownership”
The miscommunication of the treaty process
Powhatan Indian video
The Powhatans
The Powhatan paramount chiefdom consisted of approximately 30 named tribes with a population of about 14,000 people, and was named Tsenacomoco, which may have meant “our place.”
The Powhatans had a sustained society with a structured government, economy, religion, language and intricate social institutions.
The clash of co-existence
The Powhatan Confederacy
The Ransom of Pocahontas
Opechancanough
The Massacre of 1622
Retaliation against the Powhatan
Jamestown becomes a royal colony 1624
Pocahontas- “Lady Rebecca”
Opechancanough
Pocahontas and John Rolfe
Take Five
Discuss the relationship between the
Powhatan Indians and the English settlers
1607
1620s
1690s
Agricultural Exchange
Learning to farm “American” style
New crops—The Three Sisters
Corn (maize or “greene wheat”), beans, pumpkins or squash etc…
Churches at Jamestown
Throughout the 17th century the colonists constructed several churches at Jamestown.
At one point in Jamestown’s history, it was mandatory that the settlers attend church twice on Sundays or suffer severe punishment.
The Colony Grows
Jamestown expanded from a small fort into the social, economic, political, and religious center of the colony.
Jamestown served as the seat of Virginia’s government for 92 years, until the capital moved to Williamsburg in 1699.
Images of New Towne Structures
The first brick home was built in 1639. In the second half of the 17th century some Jamestown families lived in brick Row Houses. This row of 3 houses was occupied at least from 1650 through 1720.
Row Houses