Suborbital Commercial Spaceflight

Paulo DavilaStephan SmithBreanna Goring Daniel MondragonTaylor MartinNathan SonnefieldAaron DoperalskiAaron DsouzaRaymond Mattison

Specifications “SpaceShipTwo” Made of: light, efficient, carbon

sandwich panels with honeycomb core

Length: 60 Ft Wing Span: 27 Ft Tail Height: 15 Ft Cabin Diameter: 90”

Length: 12 Ft

Cost: $200,000 6 Passengers 2 Pilots 3.5 Hr Flight Time 12 min Zero Gravity

experience

Agenda

Displays Cockpit (Heads Up Display) Helmet (Head Mounted Displays)

Suit Design Survey Redesign

Seat Tasks and Requirements System Analysis Specs Redesign

Cockpit DisplaysUser Needs: Displays should be tailored to the pilot according to MIL-STD 1472 F.

The following parameters were taken into account :-Anthropometrics data of 95% of Pilots :

Height : 62-77 in - Max display viewing distance : 25 inches

- Min display viewing distance : 20 inches

- Color selection

- Font and Size

- Allocation of Functions

Cockpit Displays

Glare

Text Characteristics

FontCharacteristics

Cockpit Displays

Obstructed view

Visual Angels

Cockpit Displays

MIL-STD 1472 FVisual Reference Points

Cockpit Displays Concept Demonstration and Validation : CATIA Prototype One

Side Panels (TAN) :-60 Degrees Head Rotation-15 Degrees Eye Rotation ,Right of the visual reference pointPrimary Display (Grey) :-15 degrees Eye Rotation above and below the normal line of sight-Right on the Optimum Head Rotation Top Display (RED) -Between 15 and 66 degrees Head Rotation - Between normal line of sight and 40 degrees above Eye Rotation

Cockpit Usability Testing

3 participants were asked to evaluate 3 CATIA mock ups of the cockpit and a Verbal Protocol Analysis was used to get user feedback. The CATIA models that were evaluated were the original, prototype 1 and final design.

Cockpit DisplaysFinal Prototype

Side Panels (TAN) :-45 Degrees Head Rotation-15 Degrees Eye Rotation ,Right and left of the visual reference pointPrimary Display (Grey) :-15 degrees EyeRotation above and below the normal line of sight-Right on the Optimum Head Rotation Top Display (RED) -Between 15 and 45 degrees Head Rotation - Between 15 degrees and 30 Degrees above Eye Rotation

Helmet Display(HMD): Passengers Tasks

1: Emergency Info - HR and oxygen levels

2: Seat Count Down -12 Minutes

3:Communication Channels- 6 Channels

Parameters (MIL-STD 1472 F) :1: Location of Information 2: Visual Angles and Text Gradients3: Proper Text and background color coordination

Speech -Bone Conduction Headset-Sound Insulation

Helmet Display(HMD): Usability

A Verbal Protocol Analysis 5 Participants evaluated our 3 HMD design and were tasked with walking up to a sign and read what was on the sign and were asked if their field of vision was used.

Results

HUD 1 didn’t obstruct users being able to read the sign, however; participants did not like the location of the display on the top. This was the least favored design for HUD.

HUD 2. 3 out of the 5 participants liked the HUD design. All participants were able to read the sign clearly but 2 of them said it interfered with their field of vision.

HUD 3. All 5 participants considered this to be best design as they were able to read the sign clearly and reported no interference with their field of vision.

Based on user feedback HMD3 was chosen as it had the best results.

Helmet Display(HMD): Passengers HMD 1

HMD 2

HMD 3

Helmet Display(HMD): Passengers

Final Product -Carbon Fiber Composite -Neck Seal-Oxygen Mask Outlet-HMD

Virgin Galactic Space Suit

Requirements

•Flexible

•Lightweight

•Comfortable

•Fairly Inexpensive

•Helmet locking neck

piece

Suit Design

• Nylon and spandex• Laser scanning electro-

spin-lacing process • Mechanical counter

pressure• Suit is designed for EVA

(extra vehicular activity)• Stripped some of the

more elaborate features for cost effectiveness and usability.

Dava Newman MIT

Surveys

Face-to-Face Interview• Wetsuit Comparison– (SMEs) N=3

• Suit Expectations– N=15

• Suit Mock-up Survey– N=15

Interview Results

Results• Most people preferred

a fitted space suit and the chance to purchase.

• According to SMEs mobility in suit is not impaired and extended use (+1 hr) is comfortable

Redesign• Due to our initial

design’s accurate implementation of suit requirements only one change was made.

• Zipper relocated to the front of the suit

Prospective Steps

• Prototype• Satisfaction Survey• Data Collection of

sizes

Chair Design Should allow the user to perform their mission functionswithout degradation of their performance capability andwithout significant or lasting pain or injury (MIL-STD 1472F)

The system should be able to allow for comfortable seating while also safely securing the passenger

Tasks and Requirements

• Have passengers in seated position• Have users seated safely and comfortably• Have users restricted

• Be able to easily be stored• Have manual safeguard controls

Similar Systems AnalysisOriginal Design

Fighter Jet Seating Herman-Miller Aeron Design

Specs General Dimensions:Back: 24 +/-2 in length, 20 +/- 1 in widthBottom: 19 +/- 0.5 in length, 21+/-1 in widthArm rests: 16 +/-2 in length

22 +/-2 in apart with a 4in circumBase 16+/- 1 to bottom using 4 legged approach

Cushioning: 2.5 in on back and 3 on bottomBelts: Cross Lap designAttachments: 4 in of usable space under front of chair

Helmet securing mechanism: 10 in variability Gyroscope featureStoring: Manual push pin and folding options

Prototypes

Model 1 Model 2

Usability TestingStress and Tension testing:

By spinning a swivel office chair at a constant rate we were able to simulate low level G-forces on the body using centripetal forces

3 test subjects each performed 3 head positions during rotation:

1. Centered2. Rotated counter-clockwise 90 degrees

from center3. Rotated clockwise 90 degrees from

center

They were instructed to perform one position for the duration of 7 chair rotations and then use the diagram provided to indicate where they felt the most tension

Diagrams

ResultsSubject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3

Position 1 Upper Back*

Shoulders

Upper Back*

Shoulders

Arms

Forearm

Upper Back

Arms

Forearm*

Position 2 Upper back

Shoulders

Neck*

Upper Back

Neck*

Arms

Shoulders

Neck*

Position 3 Upper Back

Neck*

Upper Back*

Neck

Arms

Shoulders

Neck*

(*) Most severe according to subject

Results

Biggest causes of discomfort and pain

Cervical Spinal Twisting Thoracic Pinch

Redesign Specs

Features:Arm Rests can adjust to 30 and 90 degrees from axis

Uses ball and groove designGroove 1 in deep

Storing: Will lower into compartment in floor

Base: Single collapsing cylinderHas 6 stages, each stage being 4 in highBase cylinder will have a 5.5 in diameter and all sections following will be reduced by 0.5 in

Helmet Securing Mechanism: Uses simple secure and release 3 point lockUses wedge shaped latchAllows for 120 degrees of visual freedom

Final Product

Questions?