RBC Capital Markets’ Cardium Conference February 23, 2010 TSX: BNE.
Violet Grove CO2 injection plot: The time-lapse minefield€¦ · Upper Cardium SST 1619.5 1619...
Transcript of Violet Grove CO2 injection plot: The time-lapse minefield€¦ · Upper Cardium SST 1619.5 1619...
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Violet Grove CO2 Injection Pilot: The Time-lapse Minefield
Marcia Couëslan & Don Lawton, University of CalgaryMike Jones, Schlumberger Canada
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Outline• Introduction• Field Background• Time-lapse Surveys
– Importance of Repeatability– Time-lapse Results– Supporting Evidence
• Conclusions• Recommendations• Acknowledgements
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Introduction
The Penn West Project is • A pilot project that injects CO2 into the
reservoir for EOR and sequestration purposes.
• Uses an innovative surface and borehole seismic program that has been designed to monitor injected CO2.
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Project Background
EdmontonPembina
Field
Red Deer
Calgary
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Project Background
• CO2 injection for EOR and sequestration• CO2 is delivered by tanker truck from a gas
plant 50 km away• Supercritical CO2 is injected
– At a rate of ~ 70 tonnes/day at ~ 20 MPa• The average Canadian produces ~5 tonnes
of CO2 per year
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Injection Well
Observation Well
Production Wells
Source-Receiver Lines
Receiver Lines
Line 2
Line 3
Line 1
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Project Background
• Monitor well equipment was installed in February 2005– 8 geophone arrays– 6 pressure/temperature sensors– 2 fluid sampling ports
• Baseline seismic survey was acquired in March 2005
• CO2 injection commenced the next week
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Upper Cardium SST1619.516191599
1291.4
1023
506494434Ardley Coal
Middle Cardium SST
Lower Cardium SST
1622
1630.51637.2
Knee Hill Tuff
Edmonton
Belly River
Lea Park
Cardium ZoneCardium Conglom
0Ground Surface
. .
Cement Top at 1200 m
Courtesy of Rick ChalaturnykUniversity of Alberta
Project Background1100 m
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
8 geophone array, from 1500 to 1640 m at a 20 m spacing
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Advantages of Fixed VSP Array• Higher frequency bandwidth than surface
seismic data– Results in higher vertical and horizontal
resolution near the monitor well • Provides a correlation between the time
indexed surface seismic and the depth indexed well logs
• Information gained from the VSP can be used to improve surface seismic processing– Velocities, Q Estimation, anisotropy analysis
• Allows for passive seismic monitoring
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3D Wavefield Separation
Deconvolution
Rotation to True EarthFrame (E, N, V)
Data Loadand Edit
UpgoingWavefield
DowngoingWavefield
FieldData
Time picking, remove DC Drift
CDP Map
MigrationVelocity Model
Processing Flow
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Viking Formation
Cardium Formation1.0 s
1.4
2.0
1.2
1.6
1.8
Line 3: PP Surface Seismic & VSP
-600
-400
-200 0
200
400
600
800
-800
-1000
1000
1200
1400
1600Offset
(m)
Line 3
Line 2
Line 1
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1.0 s
1.4
2.0
1.2
1.6
1.8
Line 3: PP Surface Seismic & S-VSP
Viking Formation
-600
-400
-200 0
200
400
600
800
-800
-1000
1000
1200
1400
1600Offset
(m)
Cardium Formation
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Time-lapse Surveys• Time-lapse surveys are required
– To monitor the CO2 flood in the reservoir – To look for leakage pathways in the overburden
• First monitor survey was acquired in December 2005
• Expect to acquire a second monitor survey in early 2007
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Time-lapse Surveys• Properties expected to change:
– P-wave velocity at the reservoir– Fluid composition as the CO2 is injected
• Expected seismic response:– Increased travel times– Change in reservoir amplitudes
• Geophone array is fixed– Can be used to calibrate source variability and
overburden travel times between the surveys
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Why Is Repeatability Important?• Repeatability is affected by source-receiver
geometries, consistency of the source signature, and shot-generated noise
• Seismic noise is often caused by subsurface heterogeneities
• Repeating source-receiver geometries allows the noise to the replicated and differenced away
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Line 2 All Shots: BaselineTi
me
(s)
Line 3
Line 2
Line 1
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Line 2 All Shots: MonitorTi
me
(s)
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Line 2 All Shots: Difference Ti
me
(s)
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Line 2 Repeated Shots: Difference Ti
me
(s)
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Finite Difference Modelling: Baseline
Tim
e (s
)
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Finite Difference Modelling: Monitor
Tim
e (s
)
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Finite Difference Modelling: Difference
Tim
e (s
)
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P-wave Results Line 2: Baseline
Offset (m)
Tim
e (s
)
Cardium Event
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P-wave Results Line 2: Monitor
Offset (m)
Tim
e (s
)
Cardium Event
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P-wave Results Line 2: Difference
Offset (m)
Tim
e (s
)
Cardium Event
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The Supporting Evidence• Amplitude increases correlate directly to the
Cardium event• Excellent data repeatability
– Seismic traces, amplitude & phase spectra• Small time shifts in the crosscorrelations
– Travel times at base of the reservoir show a systematic increase of 0.2 ms
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Conclusions• Shot repeatability is extremely important• P-wave amplitudes at the Cardium on Line
2 have increased since the baseline survey• Comparison of the datasets, amplitude &
phase spectra, and crosscorrelations indicate an excellent tie between surveys
• Expect to see increased time-lapse effects on the next survey as the volume of CO2 in the reservoir increases
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Recommendations• Instrument entire well with geophones
– Will provide high resolution images of the reservoir and overburden around the well
• May want geophone arrays in several wells in the field – Merge the volumes for laterally extensive
coverage• Potentially instrument production or
injection wells
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Acknowledgements
• Scott Leaney and Schlumberger Canada• Alberta Energy Research Institute (AERI)• Western Economic Diversification (WED)• Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)• CREWES sponsors for financial support• Penn West Petroleum
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S-wave Results Line 2: Monitor
Offset (m)
Tim
e (s
)
Cardium Event
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S-wave Results Line 2: Baseline
Offset (m)
Tim
e (s
)
Cardium Event
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S-wave Results Line 2: Difference
Offset (m)
Tim
e (s
)
Cardium Event
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Comparison of Amplitude Spectra
Frequency (Hz)
BaselineMonitor
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Comparison of Phase Spectra
BaselineMonitor