Village report

REPORT ON VILLAGE STUDY SEGMENT

Submitted By:-

Kumar Nishant (10201026)

Sunil Kumar (10201055)

(VILLAGE STUDY SEGMENT REPORT SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL

FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER IN

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ON RURAL MANAGEMENT)

HOST ORGANIZATION VSS CO-ORDINATOR

UDYOGINI Prof. Jyotirmayee Acharya

REPORTING OFFICER FACULTY GUIDE

Ms. Ketaki Narkar Prof. H.S. Ganesha

Enterprise Promotion Manager MBA-RM Coordinator

Udyogini School of Entrepreneurship

KIIT SCHOOL OF RURAL MANAGEMENT (KSRM)

BHUBANESWAR, INDIA

(VILLAGE STUDY SEGMENT 2010-12)

School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost we are thankful to Prof. (Dr.) L. K. Vaswani, DIRECTOR, KIIT School of

Rural Management for placing the Village Study Segment (VSS) fieldwork Component as a part

of our course curricula. We would like to express our gratitude to Professor (Dr.) Jyotirmayee

Acharya, Coordinator, VSS to facilitate throughout by playing different roles as mentor,

coordinator and supervisor and for inputs and moral support for designing and completion of the

report. We are thankful to the faculty guide Prof H. S. Ganesha for his guidance and assessment

of this report.

We have immense pleasure in expressing our deep sense of gratitude, indebtedness and sincere

thanks to our esteemed Reporting Officer Ms. Ketaki Narkar, Enterprise Promotion Manager and

team member Mr. Kumar Padmanabh of Udyogini who facilitated our accommodation and made

us to learn all the VSS components by doing and interacting with the villagers. We are thankful

for their feedback and insight to our theme paper and support for the RAC and to share with us

useful experiences during the village study. We are also thankful to Mr. Prashanto Mandal,

EPM; Ms. Yojana Lama, EPE and Ms. Punam Rai, EPE of Udyogini who helped us immensely

in our project and ensured that our visit turns more meaningful.

In order to complete fieldwork successfully, I would like to present special thanks to all the

research participants and villagers who provided their valuable time and made our stay

meaningful and study valuable. We are extremely happy to reveal our special thanks to our

classmates for their inspiration.

Kumar Nishant (10201026)

Sunil Kumar (10201055)


ABSTRACT

Author: Kumar Nishant and Sunil Kumar

Host Organization: UDYOGINI, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

Village Report: A report of the Samaiya village of Niwas Block, Mandla district was developed

by conducting household survey through a structured schedule.

Rural Action Components: The action component aimed to provide Grass roots management

training to the Women Entrepreneur Group (WEG) formed by Udyogini, conduction of a rally on

Women’s day to promote enterprise and entrepreneurship among women’s and a skit on

advantages of enterprise and entrepreneurship.

National Service Scheme: The main objective of NSS activities carried out is to create

awareness about of common diseases and prevention. To discuss among the villagers about the

State Govt. health schemes for women also we focused our NSS on children to increase their

awareness level and motivate them to come to school.

Theme paper: Assessment of willingness to pay of the community for the services and products

identified for being offered through Village Level Service Centers

Organization profile of the host organization was documented. The major objective was study of

existing supply chain established by Udyam Jagaran Sansthan (UJAS), to check for the

willingness of the community to pay for the identified products and services in the project areas

of Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh. A study in both financial and operational aspects of

different opportunities was carried out to understand the various perspectives for the initiatives

undertaken by Udyogini

Research Design: The main endeavor in the study was to check the willingness of the products

and services for Tribal community people that can be incorporated into the existing supply chain

of the UJAS. For this Semi Structured questionnaire is develop to collect the primary data.

Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Focused Group Discussion (FGD) and Mass Meetings are

organized to conduct NSS and Rural Action Component activities, 32 Household surveys was

carried out and a schedule is designed to collect information from the individual on their


priorities on alternative livelihood. The secondary data is provided by organization. Interaction

with concerned officials also helped to understand the things better.

Study Findings:

During our stay in the village we found that giving right information can help people to make

right decision. We observed that the people of the villages have the potential and skill to come up

from poverty and misery but the most important thing they lack is information and knowledge

about what is happening around the World. We saw that mere distribution of money by

government and NGOs has degraded the communities’ value and generated a feeling of

dependency. We learnt the importance of life skills & functional literacy which will help them to

operate & manage their enterprise. The households have very small amount of savings which is

not enough for their risk mitigation. The rate of interest charged is 5-10 percent per month and

repayment period remain longer with number of self consumption loans being more taken by the

households. We also learnt that social rural marketing can bring an economic empowerment

with the help of WEG formation as this inculcates saving habits among the rural women.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART 1: VILLAGE REPORT

INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 11

2 OBJECTIVES: ......................................................................................................................... 11

3 METHODOLOGY: ................................................................................................................. 12

3.1 SOURCE OF DATA: ............................................................................................................................. 12

3.2 SAMPLE DESIGN: ............................................................................................................................... 12

3.3 DATA ANALYSIS: ................................................................................................................................ 12

3.4 LIMITATIONS OF DATA COLLECTION: ................................................................................................ 12

4 GEOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE ...................................................................... 13

4.1 Location: ............................................................................................................................................ 13

4.2 History of the Village: ........................................................................................................................ 13

4.3 Demography of Village: ..................................................................................................................... 14

4.4 Literacy Level: ................................................................................................................................... 14

4.5 Social Structure: ................................................................................................................................ 14

4.6 Institutions: ....................................................................................................................................... 15

4.7 Gender Clock ..................................................................................................................................... 15

5 Weather and Seasonality ......................................................................................................... 16

5.1 Weather ............................................................................................................................................ 16

5.2 Temperature ..................................................................................................................................... 16

5.3 Seasonality of Cropping Pattern: ...................................................................................................... 16

5.4 Seasonality of Food Availability: ....................................................................................................... 17

5.5 Seasonality of Diseases: .................................................................................................................... 17

5.6 Period of happiness and sorrow: ...................................................................................................... 18

5.7 Seasonality of Migration: .................................................................................................................. 18

5.7.1 Force field analysis of Migration: ............................................................................................... 19

6 Natural Resources .................................................................................................................... 19

6.1 Land: .................................................................................................................................................. 19

6.2 Water: ............................................................................................................................................... 20


6.3 Forestry: ............................................................................................................................................ 20

7 INFRASTRUCTURE .............................................................................................................. 21

7.1 Roads: ................................................................................................................................................ 21

7.2 Electricity:.......................................................................................................................................... 21

7.3 Drainage: ........................................................................................................................................... 21

7.4 Communication: ................................................................................................................................ 21

7.5 Social infrastructure .......................................................................................................................... 21

7.5.1 Educational infrastructure ......................................................................................................... 21

7.5.2 Anganwadi: ................................................................................................................................ 22

7.5.3 Infrastructure Related to Health ................................................................................................ 22

7.5.4 Defecation .................................................................................................................................. 22

7.5.5 Infrastructure Related to the Drinking water ............................................................................ 22

7.5.6 Cultural place ............................................................................................................................. 23

7.5.7 Micro Enterprise: ....................................................................................................................... 23

7.5.8 Community hall .......................................................................................................................... 23

8 Local Economy ......................................................................................................................... 23

8.1 Income Source .................................................................................................................................. 23

8.2 Livelihood .......................................................................................................................................... 23

8.3 Primary and Secondary Occupation of the Village ........................................................................... 24

8.4 Land holding pattern: ........................................................................................................................ 24

8.5 Agriculture......................................................................................................................................... 25

8.6 SERVICE HOLDERS ............................................................................................................................. 26

8.6.1 Government Service: ................................................................................................................. 26

8.6.2 Private Service: ........................................................................................................................... 26

8.7 Market Linkage ................................................................................................................................. 26

8.8 Expenditure Pattern .......................................................................................................................... 26

9 Consumption ............................................................................................................................ 27

9.1 Products ............................................................................................................................................ 27

9.2 Food availability ................................................................................................................................ 27

9.3 Housing Pattern: ............................................................................................................................... 28

9.4 Banks ................................................................................................................................................. 28


9.5 Credit ................................................................................................................................................. 28

9.5.1 Trader/ Money Lenders: ............................................................................................................ 28

9.5.2 Friends and Acquaintances: ....................................................................................................... 28

9.5.3 Banks: ......................................................................................................................................... 29

9.6 SHGs: ................................................................................................................................................. 29

10 Village Level Committee: ...................................................................................................... 29

11 Political and Governance System ......................................................................................... 30

11.1 Political system: .............................................................................................................................. 30

11.2 Panchayati Raj Institutions:............................................................................................................. 30

11.3 Gram Sabha: .................................................................................................................................... 30

12 Government Schemes: ........................................................................................................... 30

13 STATUS OF WOMEN .......................................................................................................... 31

14 PLANS OF THE VILLAGE ................................................................................................. 32

14.1 Short Term Plans: ............................................................................................................................ 32

14.2 Long term plans: ............................................................................................................................. 32

15 SWOT Analysis: ..................................................................................................................... 32

16 Relationships with Other Communities ............................................................................... 33

17 CONCLUSIONS: ................................................................................................................... 33

Appendices ................................................................................................................................... 36

PART 2: ORGANIZATION PROFILE

1 Organization Overview ........................................................................................................... 41

1.1 Vision ................................................................................................................................................. 42

1.2 Mission .............................................................................................................................................. 42

2 Operational Areas .................................................................................................................... 42

2.1 Where it works: ................................................................................................................................. 43

3 Organization Structure ........................................................................................................... 44

4 Retrospective: ........................................................................................................................... 44

5 Approaches: .............................................................................................................................. 45


6 Operational Frameworks: ....................................................................................................... 46

7 Services offered: ....................................................................................................................... 46

8 Major funding partners: ......................................................................................................... 46

9 Operational Model of VLSC ................................................................................................... 47

10 Overall Activities: .................................................................................................................. 47

11 Key Achievements:................................................................................................................. 48

12 Future plan of organization: ................................................................................................. 48

PART 3: THEME PAPER

INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 50

1.1 Background of the study: .................................................................................................................. 50

1.2 Rationale of the Project: ................................................................................................................... 51

1.3 Objective of the Study: ..................................................................................................................... 51

1.4 Scope: ................................................................................................................................................ 51

1.5 Limitations of the Study: ................................................................................................................... 51

RESEARCH DESIGN ................................................................................................................ 52

2.1 Study area and target group: ............................................................................................................ 52

2.2 Sample Design: .................................................................................................................................. 53

2.3 Sampling Method: ............................................................................................................................. 53

2.4 Survey Design: ................................................................................................................................... 53

2.4.1 Collection of primary data: ........................................................................................................ 53

2.4.2 Collection of Secondary Data: .................................................................................................... 53

2.5 Methods of Data Analysis Techniques: ............................................................................................. 53

2.6 Time Frame: ...................................................................................................................................... 53

2.7 Study Area Profile: ............................................................................................................................ 53

WILLINGNESS PROFILE ....................................................................................................... 54

3.1 Products and Services for which willingness has to be found: ......................................................... 54

3.2 Demands for Products and Services: ................................................................................................ 55

3.3 Description of Services: ..................................................................................................................... 55

4 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 67

4.1 Major findings of the Study: ............................................................................................................. 67


5 Suggestions: .............................................................................................................................. 68

We suggest the following services for feasibility check: .......................................................... 68

PART 4: RURAL ACTION COMPONENT

1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 74

2 Objectives.................................................................................................................................. 74

3 Methodology: ............................................................................................................................ 74

4 Activity Profile: ........................................................................................................................ 75

5 RAC Place: ............................................................................................................................... 75

6 The Process: .............................................................................................................................. 76

7 Outcomes and Impact: ............................................................................................................ 76

8 Key Success Factor: ................................................................................................................. 77

9 Lessons Learnt: ........................................................................................................................ 77

10 Overall observations as a grassroots change agent ............................................................. 77

10.1 Challenges Ahead: ........................................................................................................................... 77

10.2 Suggestions to the above challenges: ............................................................................................. 78

Case Study ................................................................................................................................... 79

PART 5: NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME

INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 83

2 Objective of NSS: ..................................................................................................................... 83

3 Activity Profile: ........................................................................................................................ 84

Skit: Advantages of doing Enterprise and Entrepreneurship ................................................ 89


LIST OF ABBREVIATION

Adivasi: Tribal

Gond tribe: A Caste of Tribal

Baiga tribe: A caste of Tribal

Karma: A flok dance of Gond and Baiga Tribal

Hareli: A Tribal festival

Madayi Mela: A Seasonal Local Fair.

Paddy: An Agriculture Produce

Kodu: An Agriculture Produce

Kutki: An Agriculture Produce

Jagni: An Agriculture Produce

Massor: An Agriculture Produce

Alsi: An Agriculture Produce

Mahua: NTFPs

Amla: NTFPs

Tendu Patta: NTFPs

Galla: Agriculture Produce

UJAS: Udyam Jagran Santhan

VLSCs: Village Level Service Center

CLSCs: Cluster Level Service Center

FGDs: Focus Group Discussion

PRA: Participatory Rural Appraisal

NTFPs: Non Timber Forest Produce


INTRODUCTION

As part of the field work module of Village Study Segment course, we conducted survey of

village Samaiya in Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh. We were assigned a host organization, a

non government organization named UDYOGINI working in the Mandla district of Madhya

Pradesh. We had the opportunity to closely observe the various forms of interventions and

interactions taking place within the village and understand the impact of such interventions on

the lives of the people of the village.

2 OBJECTIVES: The main objective of village study segment is:

To get insight into the socio-economic and cultural realities of rural life.

To understand the dynamics of various village level institution in addressing the

developmental work

To understand the status of women; their contribution and the role played by them in

developing rural entrepreneurship

To understand the dynamics of social structure, infrastructure, resources, and various

intervention on the villagers and how it effects them

To blend class room learning with the field experience


3 METHODOLOGY:

The data collected are on demography, social structure, infrastructure facilities, agro-climatic

resources, village economy, village organizations and people’s institutions and the issues of

development. Both Quantitative and Qualitative data were collected. The quantitative data were

on population, land holding, literacy rate. The qualitative data were quality of drinking water,

quality of the road, housing pattern, sanitation, food habit which were obtained from the village

after the interaction with the villagers and with use of tools like PRAs, Focused Group

discussion, informal meetings.

3.1 SOURCE OF DATA:

The required data were collected from both primary source and secondary source.

The primary data were collected from direct interaction with villagers during household surveys

(through questionnaire given by college), PRA exercise, focused group discussions, informal

interviews, SHGs meeting, non- participatory observation and other village meetings.

The secondary data were collected from Gram Panchayat Office, veterinary hospital, Revenue

Office, Patwari, Anganwadi, Primary School, Sarpanch and Internet.

3.2 SAMPLE DESIGN:

For questionnaire survey systematic random sampling was done. 32 households were selected

randomly; efforts were made to collect different information regarding social and economical

status of the villagers from all caste, and economic group.

3.3 DATA ANALYSIS:

Statistical tools like tables, graphs, bar charts, averages, percentages etc. were used to analyze

the data collected on various things like, caste, sex ratio, different occupations, livestock, assets,

land holding pattern, literacy level, and different infrastructure like road, electrification etc

3.4 LIMITATIONS OF DATA COLLECTION:

a). People hesitate to tell about the details regarding income and assets.

b). Most of the people are working under MNREGA therefore they are available only in the

evening.

c). People are not clear about the present value of their asset.


4 GEOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE

4.1 Location:

Samaiya village is located in Niwas block of Mandla district in the state of Madhya Pradesh. It

comes under Singhpur Panchayat. It is located 7 km from Niwas, 60 km from Mandla town and

65 km from Jabalpur. The village is divided into four hamlets, It is situated on upland, and has

an area of about 400 acre out of which 200 acre is under forest.

Table 1: Location of the Village

Village Samaiya

Block Niwas

District Mandla

State Madhya Pradesh

Boundaries

East Singhpur

West Khudri

North Pipariya

South Devdungari

Parliamentary Constituency Niwas

Source: Transect walk, Panchayat Office

4.2 History of the Village: Time 2: Line of the Village

Year Description

1950 Village Established

1955 First Bicycle

1976 First Open Well

1979 Establishment of Primary School

1986 First Boy to pass high school(10th

)

1990 First Hand pump

1990 Electrification

1991 First Girl to pass high school(10th

)

1995 First Television

1996 Establishment of Anganwadi

1996 Construction of Durga Manch

2005 Village included in MPRLP

2006 Starting of NREGA work

2006 First Tractor

2006 Ladali Yojana

2007 Samuhik Vivah Yojana

2007 First motorbike

2008 Metal Road

2009 Construction of Temple


2009 Formation of SHG

2010 First Mobile phone

Source: Informal meetings, Focused group discussion with villagers

4.3 Demography of Village:

Total population of the village is 613; out of which total numbers of male is 324 and total

number of female is 289. The sex ratio of the village is 892 female per 1000 males. The total

number of children is 206 out of which number of boys and girls (between 0-18) is 115 and 91

respectively. The population belonging to the age group of 18 and above constitutes 66 % of the

total population, 9% per cent belong to the age group of 0-6 years and 25% per cent belong to the

age group 7-18.

Table 3: Households and Population dynamics of Samaiya

Caste-wise distribution Total No. of

households

Total No. of

BPL

households

No. of

Males

No. of

Females

Total

Population ST SC OBC

112 12 4 128 35 324 289 613

Source: Survey done by MPRLP in 2009

4.4 Literacy Level:

The literacy level of the village is 58%, out of this 72% males of the village are literate whereas

just 43% females of the village are literate. Adult male literacy rate is found to be 69% and adult

female literacy rate is 33%. Also 75% and 59% of the boy’s and girl’s respectively in the age

group of 0-18 are literate. This increase in literacy level of girl’s indicates that the villagers are

now concerned about the girl’s education also this increase is mainly due to the programs

launched by government.

4.5 Social Structure:

The village has a homogenous population of Hindu. The social group composition of village

Samaiya is divided amongst the Schedule Tribes (ST), Schedule Castes (SC) and Other

Backward Caste (OBC). Hierarchy based class structure is not very visible 88% of the

households i.e. 112 belong to schedule tribe, 9% i.e. 12 belongs to schedule caste and rest 3% i.e.

4 is of backward class.


4.6 Institutions:

Various formal and Informal institutions in and around the village Samaiya are as follows:

Table 4: formal and informal institutions

From To Institutions Distance

Samaiya Jabalpur Railway Station 70 KM

Samaiya Mandla District Headquarter 60 KM

Samaiya Niwas Tehsil 7 KM

Samaiya Niwas Janpath 7 KM

Samaiya Niwas Primary Health Centre 7 KM

Samaiya Niwas Veterinary Hospital 7 KM

Samaiya Niwas Police Station 7 KM

Samaiya Niwas State Bank of India 7 KM

Samaiya Pipariya Market 2 KM

Samaiya Pipariya Cooperative Bank 2 KM

Samaiya Pipariya Cattle market 2 KM

Samaiya Pipariya High School 2 KM

Samaiya Pipariya Middle School 2 KM

Samaiya Pipariya Bus Stand 2 KM

Samaiya Singhpur PDS ½ KM

Samaiya Singhpur Gram Panchayat ½ KM

Samaiya Inside Village Anganwadi centre 0 KM

Samaiya Inside Village Primary School 0 KM

Samaiya Inside Village Temple 0 KM

Source: PRA

4.7 Gender Clock Table 5 Gender Clock

Time Activities of female Time Activities of male

4:00-5:00 am Get up 4:00-5:00 am Get up

5:00-6:00 am Go for Toilet, Bringing

water, Cleaning house,

Cleaning utensils,

5:00-6:00 am Go for Toilet, brush

teeth and go to field

for inspection

6:00 – 8:00 am preparing tea, Bathing,

cooking

6:00-8:00 am Having tea, Take

animal for grazing

8:00-9:00 am Serving food, send

children to school, take

breakfast go to

field/forest/labor work

8:00-9:00 am Take bath, breakfast

and go to work/field

9:00-12:00 pm field/forest/labor work/

household chores

9:00-12:00 pm field/forest/labor work


12:00-1:00 pm Come back from

field/work, Take Lunch

and go back to field/labor

work.

12:00-1:00 pm Come back from

field/work, Take

Lunch and go back to

field/labor work.

1:00-5:00 pm Work/field 1:00-5:00 pm Work/field

5:00-6:00 pm Bringing water, cleaning

utensils

5:00-6:00 pm Come back from the

field, go to bring

livestock from field

7:00-8:00 pm Cooking 7.00 - 8:00 pm Get fresh, take tea,

gather to chat with

friends/neighbors

8:00-9:00 pm Dinner 8:00 -9:00 pm Dinner

9:00-5:00 am Sleep 9:00-5:00 am Sleep

Source: Focused Group Discussion

5 Weather and Seasonality

5.1 Weather

The Mandla district receive average rainfall of 1580 mm. 70-80% of annual rainfall is received

southwest monsoon period i.e. June-September. The agriculture in the village is rain fed. The

climate is hot and humid during summer and cold during winter.

5.2 Temperature

The climate is hot and humid during summer and cold during winter. The mercury rises sharply

in the summer and touches about 44-45 degree Celsius in the summer and dips as far as 1-2

degree Celsius in the winter. The climate of the village is characterized by an oppressively hot

summer with high humidity. Summer generally commences in the month of March.

Seasonality:

5.3 Seasonality of Cropping Pattern: Table 6: Major NTFP

Sl. No. Name of Product Time of Flowering Time of Harvesting

1 Maua Chait (March-April) Baisakh (April-May)

2 Tend leaf Fagun (February-March)

Source: PRA


Table 7: Major crops

Sl.

No.

Season Name of Crop Time of Sowing Time of Harvesting

1

Kharif

Paddy Ashadh (June-July) Mid Kartik (October)

2 Maize Ashadh (June-July) Kuwar (September-Oct.)

3 Kutki Sawan (July-August) Aghan (December-Jan.)

4 Kodo Mid ashadh (June) Aghan (December-Jan.)

5 Ramtilla Sawan (July-August) Aghan (December-Jan.)

6 Arhar Ashadh (June-July) Magh (January-Feb.)

7

Rabi

Wheat Mid Kartik (October) Mid Baisakh (April-May)

8 Rai Aashin (September-Oct.) Aghan (December-Jan.)

9 Batra Kartik (October-Nov.) Fagun (February-March)

10 Masoor Kartik (October-Nov.) Fagun (February-March)

Source: PRA

5.4 Seasonality of Food Availability:

Although more than 90% of the villagers are engaged in agriculture but due to low fertility of the

soil and lack of irrigation facility production is not up to the mark. Scarcity of food is common

during June, July, and August.

5.5 Seasonality of Diseases:

Table 7: Seasonality of Disease

Types of

Disease

Jan Feb Marc

h

Apri

l

May June Jul

y

Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Cold/Coug

h

***

***

**

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

***

***

Headache

*

*

**

***

***

**

***

***

*

*

*

*

Diarrhea

*

*

***

***

***

**

***

***

*

*

*

*

Malaria

*

*

*

*

*

**

**

**

*

*

*

*

Sun Stroke

*

*

*

***

***

***

*

*

*

*

*

*

*, **, *** indicate rare occurrence, often observed and severely occurred respectively.

Source: PRA


5.6 Period of happiness and sorrow: Table 8: Happiness and Sorrow

Indicator Season Reason

Magh (January-Feb) Greenery

Good climate

Sorrow Jeth (May-June) Very hot, Sum stroke, malaria

Sorrow Ashadh (June-July)

Sawan (July-August)

No work no money

Average

Fagun (February-March)

Baisakh (April-May)

Availability of food

Source: PRA

5.7 Seasonality of Migration:

Migration is very common in the village and it is mainly cyclic migration. Migration is mainly

due to push factor, the primary reason for migration is lack of employment opportunities in the

village. Other reasons are lack of food availability need for money etc. People mostly migrate to

the nearby city like Jabalpur. Most of them engage in labor work and very few people work as

agricultural labor Migration is common in the

month of January, February, July and August as

there is no work available in the village and

during this time no cropping is done. On an

average a person migrate for 36 days, 48%

people live in tent in the city where they migrate

and just 30% people live in pucca house during

migration and 22% people lives in kuchha house

at the destination place. .

Source: FGD, Survey

Migration Details

Migrated 72%

For Job 100%

City 74%

Town 26%

Avg. no. of days for migration 36 days

Avg. earning/month 1878

Residence (pucca) 30%

Residence (kuchha) 22%

Residence (Tent) 48%


5.7.1 Force field analysis of Migration:

INHIBITING FORCE INDUCING FORCE

1. Emotional attachment to the

Village 1. Unemployment

. 2. High cost of living

2. Food shortage

3. Excess work during

Migration

3. Debt

4. Lack of proper housing

facility 4. Landlessness

5. Low quality food 5. Low agriculture production

6. Illness or death 6. Draught

Source: focused group discussion

6 Natural Resources

6.1 Land:

According to the villagers the fertility of soil is not good because of which yield per hectare is

very less. The village is situated on uplands or mid up land where texture of soil is loamy

Murom with or without clay. Depth of soil is also shallow to moderate. Fertility is moderate;

the soil is black, red or rocky in texture. The land use pattern in village is as follows:


Table 9: Land Holding Pattern

Source: Patwari of the village

6.2 Water:

The Village has six hand pumps for the drinking water of which one is not functioning now.

Village has good drinking water facility as these pumps provide hygienic water. There are few

households which are little far away from the hand pump and well therefore they face a lot of

problem for drinking water. There are also few households who use River water for drinking

purpose and the water is not suitable for drinking purpose. Villages have 11 open wells of which

4 are public and rest is of private ownership. The village has a pond of approximately 0.5 acre

for drinking water for their livestock. The water in two of the open well is present throughout the

year and is used by most of the villagers. One of these well is used for drinking purpose while

other is used for bathing purpose. There is also a small River Balai flowing south of the village

which is used for drinking and bathing for the nearby households.

6.3 Forestry:

As village is situated on upland, it is surrounded by forest. Though a large part of forest is

depleted due to excessive use of resources but it still provides a lot of tangible and intangible

benefits to the villagers. Villagers gets not only fuel wood but also a number of non timber forest

produce like Maua and Tend patta which adds to their source of livelihood. The forest has

mainly tress of sagon, mahua, palash, Tend and other trees which are used as fuel. Forest doesn’t

have any animal species except wild pig, fox, monkey, rabbit and some varieties of birds like

peacock.

Land use Area in hectare

Cultivable land 185 acre

Fallow Land 15 acre

Forest Land 200 acre

Total geographical area 400 acre


7 INFRASTRUCTURE

7.1 Roads:

The village is connected through a concrete Road, near the village there is PCC which is of 1km

in stretch. Inside the village road are both Kuchha and Pucca. The sample survey shows that 59%

of the households say that the road is dilapidated, 22% of the road is of poor quality, 16% of the

road is average and just 3% of the sample says that the road is of good quality.

7.2 Electricity:

The village was electrified in 1990; most of the households are electrified. Electricity is available

approximately 12 hours with two interruptions in a day. The sample survey shows that 80% of

the households are electrified. There are 4 mohallas in the village out of which three are

electrified. The village receives electricity for 12 hours every day with two breaks in a day.

7.3 Drainage:

Drainage is a problem in the village because there is lack of drainage line on both side of roads,

even road is Kaccha on some places. That is why water stagnation is a serious problem in the

village, especially in rainy season in this particular season stagnant water invites monsoon

diseases like malaria and diarrhea.

7.4 Communication:

There is no land line phone available in this village. Mobile phone network was available 1km

away from village till 2009. The proper use of mobile phone started in 2010. The village has

network connectivity of BSNL, Reliance CDMA & GSM

7.5 Social infrastructure

7.5.1 Educational infrastructure

There is one Primary school in the village, Middle school is situated in the neighboring village

Singhpur which is just half km from the village, and High school is situated at Pipariya which is

two km from the village. The strength of the school is 67 including 39 boys and 28 girls and

three teachers to teach them. The school has been provided with midday meal facilities for the

children under Sarvashiksha Abhiyan. There is no toilet facility for students in the school.

During our village stay and teaching in the Primary School we noticed that in spite of good

facilities provided the learning of the children is very poor. The students of 5th

std. are not able to


read properly nor are they good at solving simple mathematical problems. Students of different

classes’ seat together, teachers are inefficient in teaching and are not able to bring discipline

among students and nor are they willing to do so.

7.5.2 Anganwadi:

The Anganwadi is established in 1996 in the village but till now it’s not having its own building;

its building is under construction and is expected to become functional by next one month.

Anganwadi worker and Asha are in village itself and are working efficiently. They provide

services like Supplementary nutrition, Non-formal pre-school education, Immunization, Health

Check-up, Referral services, Nutrition and Health Education.

7.5.3 Infrastructure Related to Health

There is no health facility available in the village. The Primary Health Centre is located 7 km

from the village. According to the villagers the PHC is running well, the number of Doctors is

adequate and all the health facilities are in good condition. General fever, Malaria, Diarrhea, are

common in the village. There is an Asha worker in the village that provides vaccination to the

children and also informs people about different diseases.

From the household survey we found that 41.5 percent of the respondent feels the PHC is

running well while 39 percent feel there are not sufficient doctors while 14 percent are not happy

with the competence of doctor. 4.5% people feel PHC is lacking in basic facilities.

7.5.4 Defecation

91% of the houses in the village practice open defecation while the rest have toilet facilities.

Households having toilet facility also prefer to go in the open for defecation; toilets are mostly

used by small children’s.

7.5.5 Infrastructure Related to the Drinking water

The village has 6 Hand pumps for drinking water facility out of which one is not functioning.

There are 11 open well out of which 4 are for use others are of private. Most of the households

use water from an open well for drinking purpose, very few people use water from hand pump as

the water is not suitable for drinking purpose. Few households use water from river for drinking

purpose but the water is not hygienic. Few house hold complained about the distant location of

the hand pump.


7.5.6 Cultural place

There are 2 temples in which the villagers offer their prayers.

7.5.7 Micro Enterprise:

Out of 128 households only five households have small shop which keeps some basic need items

like, Matchbox, Bidi, Candies, Snacks, Soap, detergent, cosmetics, biscuit, gutkha etc. There are

three women SHGs which are involved in handicraft work and a men SHG involved in fishing

activity.

7.5.8 Community hall

There is a community hall present in the village and is presently being used as Durga Manch.

8 Local Economy

8.1 Income Source

According to the house hold survey the average annual income of the family is Rs 31300,

average annual expenditure is Rs 21100 and average annual savings is Rs 12000.These savings is

used for the creating assets and some part of it is saved to cope with future crises.

8.2 Livelihood

The livelihood of villagers is multidimensional; people are engaged in a number of activities.

Villagers try to do maximum work to meet the family needs. Most of the people in the village

have agriculture as the primary source of income, apart from this they also do work as wage

laborers in government schemes or private works. If they do not have work in village they

migrate to nearby city to earn some livelihood. Since the village is surrounded by forest they

gather Maua and Tend patta from there and either sell it in the market to get some money or keep

some for their own consumption. Few women’s are engaged in handicraft activity from last one

year and few men also do fishing for their livelihood.

Figure 1: Economic Activities

Source: Household Survey

41%

27%

13%

7%8% 4%

Agricultural

wage labour

salaried job

Migration

Business

forest Produce


8.3 Primary and Secondary Occupation of the Village Figure 2: Primary Occupation Figure 3 Secondary Occupation


From the household survey we found that 26 of 32 households were engaged in agriculture as

primary occupation and only 6 households were engaged in other activity.

Apart from agriculture people are engaged in Activities like non-agriculture laborer, farm

cultivator, Services, agriculture laborer, home maker etc as secondary occupation. 72% People

are engaged in non agriculture- laborer as secondary occupation. 13% are engaged as farm

cultivator. From the household survey we found that 56% of the earning members are male and

44% earning members are female. The wage rate in the village is Rs 100 for both male and

female working under MNREGA; whereas for village work, wage rate is Rs 60.

8.4 Land holding pattern:

The land holding pattern of Samaiya village is pointed out in the pie chart. There are 9% people

who do not have land; they are dependent on wage labor as well as migration for livelihood. 22%

has below three acre land and they are engaged both in agriculture as well as non-agriculture job

to sustain their livelihood. 22% have between 3-5 acre land and they used the land in proper

manner for cultivation because the land is limited and most of the household members are

engaged in agriculture. 31% households have land between 5-10 acre and above 10 acre land

holder are 16%.

81%

19%

Farmer/Cultivator

Non Agri-laborer

72%13%

3%6% 3% 3%

Non Agri-laborer

Farmer Cultivator

Salaried Job

No secondary OccupationHomemaker (housewife)Agri-laborer


Figure 4 Land Distribution

Source: Patwari of the Village

8.5 Agriculture

Most of the people are dependent on agriculture; the agriculture practice is mainly primitive in

nature and labor intensive. Agriculture is mainly rain fed due to non availability of water for

irrigation purpose. It is found that the soil is blackish to red loamy and even rocky at some

places. Though some of the farmers use urea along with cow dung as fertilizers; however,

application of cow dung is found to be prevalent in the village. Most of the crops produced are

consumed only a small part of it is sold in the local market. On an average a household earns Rs

13000 per year from agriculture.

Table 10: Yield per Hectare

Product Name Yield

Rice 16.5 quintal/hectare

Wheat 29 quintal/hectare

Maize 12 quintal/hectare

Rai 14 quintal/hectare

Batra 18 quintal/hectare

Masoor 7 quintal/hectare

Arhar 6.5 quintal/hectare

Ramtilla 6 quintal/hectare

Kodo 5 quintal/ hectare

Kutki 5 quintal/hectare

Chana 13 quintal/hectare

Alsi 7.5 quintal/hectare

Urad 5 quintal/hectare

Source: FGD

9%

22%

22%31%

16%Landless

Below 3 Acre

Between 3 to 5

Between 5 to 10

Above 10 Acr


8.6 SERVICE HOLDERS

There are ten service holders in the village out of which 8 are envolved in government service

and two are involved in private service. From household survey we found that on an average a

service holder earns Rs 2000 per month.

8.6.1 Government Service:

Kotwar of village

Asha worker

Anganwadi worker

Peon ( Education Department)

Peon (Irrigation Department)

Teacher ( High School)

Stenographer (Irrigation Department)

SAF ( MP Police)

8.6.2 Private Service:

Program Assistant

Health Worker

8.7 Market Linkage

The nearest market available for the villagers is at Pipariya which is 2 km from the village. The

market is held weekly i.e. on Saturday. Every household of the village go to this market for

purchasing goods for the whole week. The market is very huge containing almost all products

required by the villagers ranging from fruits, vegetables, clothes, makeup products, soaps &

detergents, sweets, all type of galla items etc. Many villagers also sell their products in the

market. Villagers usually go to the market by walking with their family.

A major product which come in and goes out from the village are annexed at the end.

8.8 Expenditure Pattern

From the household survey we found that 64% of the income is spend on food, on an average a

household spends Rs 1100 per month of food consumption.7% i.e. approx. Rs 1400 p.a. is spend

on clothing, 5% i.e. approx. Rs 1100 p.a. is spend on health care, 5% i.e. Rs 1000 p.a. is spend

on toiletries. Rest others constitute 20% of the total expenditure.


Figure 5: Average Expenditure

Source: Survey

9 Consumption

9.1 Products

There is no processing unit in the village. So people sell their raw material and grain stock in the

nearby market Main products of the village are the agricultural and forest produce. The

production of agricultural produce is just sufficient for the villagers, though they sell some

produce like Rai, Kodo, Kutaki, Jagni, Wheat, Arhar, Masoor, Batra etc. in the local and weekly

market of Pipariya. Apart from this they also sell NTFP like Mahua and Tend leaf to these

markets.

9.2 Food availability

According to the household survey most of the households are deficit in food availability. In case

of cereals 41% of the households have sufficient production and just 3% have surplus

production. In case of pulse 34% households have sufficient production; in case of oil 22% have

sufficient production. The village has very less production of vegetables, fruits and cash crops.

Figure 6: Food Availability

Source: Survey

64%7%

11%

10% 1% 1% 4% 2% Food Consumption

Clothing

Health Care

Electricity & Travelling

Housing

Education

Social Function

Agri. Related Exp.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cereals Pulse Oil/Ghee Vegetable Fruit Cash Crop

Surplus

Deficit

Sufficient for Family


9.3 Housing Pattern:

The village is divided in to 4 small hamlets’. The houses in the village are scattered, most of the

houses are located alongside the road of the village. Two houses of the village are Pucca houses,

except that all the houses in the village are thatched house made from brick, mud, stone, logs etc.

The walls are plastered with mud and colors are applied on them, roofs are made up of logs with

on them. All the houses in the village are painted either with white, sky blue or in combination of

both. Villagers keep their houses very clean by coating the floor regularly with cow dung or

mud.

Houses lack windows for ventilation. The housing area including the kitchen garden varies from

20×40-60×40. In most of the household average number of the room are 3 except in few

household which are having 2 rooms. The houses are more in width than in length. In almost all

house hold the animal living is situated just after the entrance.

9.4 Banks

There are two banks located near the village, one is the Co-operative Bank which is located 2 km

from the village and another one is the State Bank of India which is located 7 km from the

village. Very few villagers have account in the Co-operative bank; most of the people have

account in the State Bank. The reason is the villagers receive their payment for working under

NREGS from State Bank Only. Before this scheme came very few villagers had a bank account

but after the starting of this scheme as well as a number of SHGs, most of the people are account

holder.

9.5 Credit

9.5.1 Trader/ Money Lenders:

This is the major source of the informal credit for the villagers, may it be for daily expenditure,

social function, medical expenses purchasing cattle’s or crop loan. The interest rate varies from

60-80% p.a. depending upon the emergency of credit.

9.5.2 Friends and Acquaintances:

This is source of informal credit system for the villagers. Borrowing of money and grains mostly

take place. In case of cash borrowings it is repaid by working as a wage labor where as the grains

are returned back after harvesting.


9.5.3 Banks:

Very few people take loan from the bank primary reason is the process of taking loan is very

complicated in banks. Also taking loan from bank requires a lot of paper work and people have

to deposit their documents where as it is much easier to take money from money lenders as

people can get money very quickly.

9.6 SHGs:

Village has 6 SHGs formed by three different NGOs working in this village. An NGO naming

Ajeevika funded by MPRLP has formed 4 SHGs, Udyogini has formed 1 SHG and FES has

formed 1 SHG respectively.

1. Ajeevika is working very efficiently in this village; they have launched a number of poverty

elevation schemes in the village. It is working on the basis of three tier systems, first they are

working on group basis by forming SHGs, second on individual basis by providing fund for

business and third they are creating assets which can be used by all the villagers

2. Udyogini: It formed its first WEG in 2008 but this group broke up. Currently it has formed a

new group which is just 3 months old. This group is new and is involved in saving; each

member of the group saves Rs 50 every month.

3. Foundation for Ecological Security: It is working in this village since 2009 and has formed

one SHG.

10 Village Level Committee: There are 5 village level committee, they are as follows:

1. Gram Vikas Samiti: This committee was formed in 2005 with an objective to works

for the development of the village and looks into new opportunities for development.

2. Van Suraksha Samiti: it is the oldest committee formed in this village. It was formed

in 1995 with the aim of protecting the forest and its resources. But now this

committee is not working properly.

3. Prashfutan Samiti: This committee was formed in 2008. This committee provides

utensils, tent and other related goods at the time of marriage or any other social

functions.


4. Nigarani Samiti: This committee was formed in 2005.the main objective of this

committee is to look after various constructions and development work in the village.

5. Gram Kosh Samiti: This committee was formed in 2005. It works for any type of

disaster management in the village. This committee is funded by Ajeevika which is a

Madhya Pradesh Government Project. Its main objective is to provide financial

support in case of Snake bite, delivery of child, sudden death in a poor family etc.

11 Political and Governance System

11.1 Political system:

There is no political party in the village, but there are some people using the political and social

influence to enhance the household income.

11.2 Panchayati Raj Institutions:

Panchayat office is located in the village Singhpur which is half km from the village. Mr. Munna

Singh Paraste is the Sarpanch of the Panchayat and he lives in the village Samaiya. Mr. Laman

Singh Warkare is the Up Sarpanch of the Panchayat. Village Panchayat take good care of the

villager’s day-to-day problems and the problems are sorted out in monthly Gram Sabha. Almost

all eligible voters participate in the Panchayat elections.

11.3 Gram Sabha:

Gram Sabha is a special type of meeting conducted in the village. Its main aim is to identify and

solve the problems related to village development plans. All the villagers attend these meetings

since they deal with the major problems of the village. Earlier Gram Sabha used to be held on 6th

of every month but now there is no fixed date as such, but it is held every month.

12 Government Schemes:

Poverty Alleviation Program: National Rural Employment Gurantee Act (NAREGA) is

running in the village. Currently it is working on water availability by digging wells

throughout the Panchayat also work on “Merdh bandh” is to be done after completion of

wells.

Ladali Yojana: Under this scheme girl child would be given Rs 2 lakh when they

complete 18 yr of age.


Samuhik Vivah: Under this scheme girl will be given jewelry, cloth and Rs 10,000 at the

time of marriage.

Antyodaya Yojana: It is distributing food grains, kerosene and sugar under Public

Distribution System (PDS) to the villagers.

Source: Revenue Department

13 STATUS OF WOMEN

Table 11: Gender Analysis

Women’s participation

in Politics

Women do not participate in local politics. Women’s vote is controlled

by men and Political parties do not see women as vote bank.

Agriculture Work is divided between both men and women. Women do the work

of removing weeds from the field and harvesting of the crops. Men do

the work of plough and sowing of seeds.

Land Both men and women have equal ownership over their ancestors land,

both gets equal amount of land.

Labor Both men and women receives equal wage for labor work

Marriage Girl is not forced for marriage by their parents. Girl is free to select the

person of her choice but inter caste marriage is not permitted.

Education Due to the government scheme of free education, girls are given all the

facilities like bicycle, books, stationary items, dress etc therefore most

of the girls go to school.

Family Planning Women have equal right to decide the number of children she could

have.

Dowry Dowry is common in the village. Girls Parent’s have to give some

dowry in cash or kind to the boy’s family. Only after settlement of

dowry, wedding takes place

Decision making Males are the decision maker in the family; women have a small role

in decision making.

Control over finance Head of the family have the control over finance, most often males are

the head of the family

Source: FGD


14 PLANS OF THE VILLAGE

14.1 Short Term Plans:

Providing water for both drinking and an irrigation facility for this it is digging 15 wells

throughout the Panchayat. 13.2 Long Term Plans:

14.2 Long term plans:

Work on “merh bandh” i.e. boundary along the fields would be done throughout the

village.

Electrification of one part of the village i.e. a mohalla which is not yet electrified have to

be electrified

Construction of roads in the remaining part of the village which is kuchha.

15 SWOT Analysis:

STRENGTH WEAKNESS

Land

Forest

Jute

Handicraft, Brick making skill

Social capital

Nuclear family

Lack of Water and irrigation equipments

Illiteracy

Low wage payment

Low saving habit

Demand for Agriculture/NTFP

Presence of Piparia Market

Road connectivity

Weekly haat

NGO intervention

Government Schemes

Natural calamities

Job insecurity

Low repayment habit

OPPORTUNITIES THREAT


16 Relationships with Other Communities

As life in the village is interwoven the villagers have harmonious relationship with nearby

villages. The village lack many basic facilities and therefore people have to visit these villages

for their day today requirement. They to go to Pipariya to buy Kirana items, weekly haat is also

located in Piapriya, Flour mill is also located in Pipariya, middle school is located in Singhpur,

Panchayat is also situated in Singhpur etc.

17 CONCLUSIONS:

The village study enabled me in studying the various aspects of the village life. We came to

know various things knowing which perhaps were not possible without staying in the village

among the rural population. My stay helped me to understand the lives of the villager, their need

and various dynamics relating to it. The Firsthand experience is how they sustain their

livelihood, which kind of difficulties they face for livelihood and other expenses of household.

And we also saw the various development plans running in the village and impact of it helped

me to sharpen my understanding of these plans and ground realities associated with them. It’s

easy to stay outside the village and suggests various means for the development of village but the

real picture is quite different in the village. The village do have its bright color which is absent in

urban areas, even in many developed cities of the country. The facts like equality between

different caste, female position in the house, unity among villagers etc are among some of the

positive aspects of the village. Still there is sufficient scope of improvements in the village

related to the providing of livelihood opportunity to the villagers. We can say that providing

subsidies will not help but what the villagers actually needed is the information and knowledge

about their products, their value and their demand in the outside market, so that they could get

appropriate return for their hard work. And the second hand experience is how they cope up with

the expenditure when there have no job and suddenly natural disaster happened on the village

like Pala and other disasters.


PRA techniques used:

1). Social Mapping and Resource Mapping:


2) Chapatti Diagram:

3) Seasonal Calendar:


Appendices

Annexure- 1: Caste wise Population Distribution (Source: PRA)

Caste Wise Population

Sl. No. Surname Caste No. of Household

1 Marawi ST 9

2 Amro ST 6

3 Paraste ST 43

4 Kulaste ST 7

5 Uike ST 9

6 Oiyam ST 25

7 Saiyam ST 2

8 Sakhde ST 1

9 Masram ST 3

10 Warkare ST 2

11 Pandram ST 2

12 Udaste ST 3

13 Vishwakarma OBC 1

14 Yadav OBC 3

15 Sarthi SC 12

Total 128


Annexure-2

Inflow of products

Sl. No. Products/services used but not produced Annual Consumption in the area

Local Production

Quantity Price/Unit Total Value 1 Chocolate 48000 0.5 24000 No

2 Body Soap 1700 10 17000 No

3 Washing Soap 1700 5 8500 No

4 Washing Powder 1700 5 8500 No

5 Face Cream 2400 5 12000 No

6 Gotha 48000 1 48000 No

7 Vegetable Oil 2500 60 150000 No

8 Dry Coconut 1000 5 5000 No

9 Finger chips 24000 1 24000 No

10 Sugar 1000 35 35000 No

11 Tea 6000 1 6000 No

12 Agarbatti 500 5 2500 No

13 Shampoo 2000 1 2000 No

14 Tooth paste 2500 10 25000 No

15 Biscuit 1500 5 75000 No

16 Hair Oil 2000 1 2000 No

Total Inflow 444500 Source: Informal interview

Annexure-3

Outflow of Products:

Sl. No. Products quantity price/unit total value demanded in

1 Wheat 3000 kg Rs 11/kg Rs 33000 Pipariya

2 Rai 20000 kg Rs 13/kg Rs 260000 Pipariya

3 Ramtilla 6000 kg Rs 22/kg Rs 132000 Pipariya

4 Kodo 2500 kg Rs 7/kg Rs 17500 Pipariya

5 Kutki 2500 kg Rs 8/kg Rs 20000 Pipariya

6 Maize 2500 kg Rs 7/kg Rs 17500 Pipariya

7 Arhar 2500 kg Rs 22/kg Rs 55000 Pipariya

8 Batra 2000 kg Rs 60/kg Rs 120000 Pipariya

9 Masoor 1000kg Rs 12/kg Rs 12000 Pipariya

10 Maua 20000 kg Rs 15/kg Rs 300000 Pipariya

11 Tendu patta 200000 piece Rs 0.4/piece Rs 8000 Pipariya

12 Handicraft Rs 50000 Jabalpur

Annual Sell of products Rs 102500

Source: Survey


Annexure: 4

Literacy rate


Annexure: 5

Health Issues


Annexure: 6

Source of knowledge about Health


75

3441

29

1019

Total Between 6-18 Above 18

Male Female

22%

60%

84% 84%66% 63%

88%

knowledge

RADIO8%

T.V6%

HEALTH WORKER

85%

OTHERS1%


Annexure: 7

Drinking Water Facility


Annexure: 8

Quality of Road


Annexure: 9

Livestock Distribution

Type of Animal Number of Animal Number of family

Cow 32 21

Bullock 64 27

Buffalo 2 2

Calf 16 11

Goat/Sheep 21 5

Poultry 22 10


9%13%

78%

Pond/tank/River Tubewell Openwell

59%16%

22%

3%

good average poor dilapidated


ORGANIZATION

PROFILE


1 Organization Overview

Udyogini which means “women entrepreneur” came into existence in 1992 as a World Bank

initiative to pilot a program to develop a curriculum, methodology and service provider for micro

enterprise management services, principally training for poor, asset less and mainly illiterate

women in the backward states of India.

Udyogini was set up to co-ordinate and facilitate management training for grassroots women's

groups for the World Bank Institute-funded Women's Enterprise Management Training Outreach

Program (WEMTOP). This was a three-year participatory action learning project aimed at

strengthening the capacity of intermediary NGOs to deliver management training to poor women

micro entrepreneurs in 1992. The training program consisted of Grassroots Management

Training (GMT) carried out for women producers and the Training of Enterprise Support Teams

(TEST) for the trainers of GMT. The trainings were carried out through NGOs who were

responsible for group formation and bringing together the women. NGO staff was trained as

trainers or Enterprise Support Teams (ESTs).

Udyogini from 1997 to 2001 scaled up its training services to many clients in existing and

additional states of India. It also introduced marketing services to NGOs that were working with

potential micro-entrepreneurs as well as to middle-level entrepreneurs working with women

producers to help scale up their enterprises. In 2002, as a result of a strategic planning process,

Udyogini made changes in implementing strategy, deciding to initiate programs to engage

directly with women producers at the grassroots.

By early 2010, Udyogini had a presence in 7 states of North, Central and Eastern India working

on aggregating and/or value-addition to commodities as diverse as lac, mahua, honey, bamboo,

silk, other medicinal plants, maize, mustard, vegetables, and pulses and services like child-care

center demonstrating considerable scale and breadth of experience and impact. It had also

facilitated registration of producers' institutions called UJAS in three of its locations. UJAS

(Udyam Jagaran Sansthan) is now an established national brand identity for producer-owned

entities and business products.


Most significantly, in 2010, it has taken up the challenge of microenterprise development for

older sex workers who want to move out of the profession and want to ensure that their young

daughters develop employable skills so that they are not vulnerable to sex work.

Its intervention at Mandla district, M.P began in 13 villages to support around 200 women. They

work in three clusters namely Niwas, Babaliya and Bakori at Mandla district. By the end of

2005, Udyogini worked with nearly 1200 women from 60 villages.

1.1 Vision

To become a nationally and internationally recognized agency specializing in business

development services for NGOs and poor women.

1.2 Mission

To provide quality and appropriate business development services for promotion of poor women

as entrepreneurs.

2 Operational Areas

Implementation Projects BDS Centre’s

Bikaner, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Udaipur (Rajasthan)

Mandla, Seoni, Raisen, Chindwada (MP) Jabalpur (M.P.)

Saharanpur (U.P) Dehradun (Uttrakhand)

Chamoli (Uttrakhand) Patna (Bihar)

Ranchi (Jharkhand) Ranchi (Jharkhand)

Kalahandi (Orissa)

Nawada, Gaya (Bihar)


2.1 Where it works:

It is working in some of the most backward regions of India (desert and tribal districts of

Rajasthan, forest areas of Madhya Pradesh, insurgency-affected districts of Jharkhand, higher

reaches of the hill state of Uttarakhand, neglected areas of Bihar and Assam


3 Organization Structure

4 Retrospective:

URMUL, SURE and LUPIN in Rajasthan; NIPDIT and Samanwita in Orissa and ADITHI in

Bihar are few of the distinguished alumni of Udyogini's enterprise.

Udyogini also has two flagship programs namely Training of Enterprise support teams (TEST)

and Grassroots Management Training (GMT).

Board of Directors

Chief Executive Officer

Chief Operating Officer

Business Development Service Manager

Enterprise Promotion Manager

Enterprise Promotion Executive

Program Assistant


TESTs are for those people who are professional and Para-professional but yet do not

have much knowledge and business skills in this area. It is a residential course in which

participants have to undergo an intensive training for four to five days. It covers a vast

range of topics including motivation for entrepreneurship, business idea generation and

marketing, risk analysis, market survey, value-chain analysis, business plan creation and

linkages building with a woman focus, this is known as “Orientation TESTs”.

Udyogini also has "Advanced TESTs" which deal more intensively with particular

aspects of enterprise management (such as feasibility and business planning), for those

already familiar with the basics

GMT is a core activity in Udyogini’s work. This program focuses on women; they help

marginalized women to become entrepreneur not just skilled producers. The topics

covered under GMT are same as that of TESTs but the methodology and training aids

used are quite different. Udyogini build the capacity of women by training them in fields

like: assessing the feasibility of an enterprise planning and schedule production,

understanding and assessing the market, production / quality management. To simplify

these concepts for women, the training program includes tools like case studies and

simulation exercise, role-play and group works.

There is also a program called “hybrid TESTs” which are designed for local

entrepreneurs who have a certain level of education. The hybrid TESTs are customized

version from TESTs and GMTs.

5 Approaches:

1. Gender Focused (women viewed as drivers and leaders)

2. Capacity building model for women (Starts with incremental steps towards livelihood

security for poverty alleviation and moves to empowerment through promotion of Micro

Enterprise)

3. Thrust in Inclusive Market Development

4. Innovation, Learning and Change in Business Services’ content and delivery mechanism


6 Operational Frameworks:

1. Enterprise motivation and management awareness for grassroots women.

2. Creation of grassroots business development service providers

3. Enterprise promotion and incentives for producers and market players

4. Ownership and scale up through systems and institution

5. Expansion and outreach

7 Services offered:

1. Cluster identification, mobilization and development

2. Conducting market related Action Research & Assessment Studies

3. Conducting Feasibility Studies

4. Conducting Micro-plans for villages

5. Formulation of Business Plans for SMEs

6. Enterprise motivation / orientation training

7. Facilitation of market information, linkages & support

8. Facilitation for financial including social venture capital support

9. Building BDSP capacity through training, orientation & exposures

10. Mentoring selected BDSPs as entrepreneurs with access to venture finance

8 Major funding partners:

MISEREOR NABARD

Intel Corporation Government of India

Ford Foundation Forest Department ICCW

Government of Madhya Pradesh Reliance Life Sciences

Government of Rajasthan Government of Uttarakhand

European Union ICCO


9 Operational Model of VLSC

10 Overall Activities:

1. Integrated BDS in diversified sub-sectors of Craft, Consumables, Agriculture & NTFP

through its Field Projects.

2. GMT (Capsule-based enterprise trainings for SHG women/Leaders).

3. TEST (Training of Enterprise Support Team).

4. Training Material Development.

5. Market Surveys, Action Research & Impact Assessment.

6. Feasibility Studies for Micro-enterprise activities.

7. Business Plan Preparation.

8. Product to Market Mapping / Value Chain Analysis.

9. Supply Chain Development (Primary Level).

10. Building Market Linkages & Trade Network.


11 Key Achievements:

• Institutionalization of UJAS as a Producers’ Organization in all 3 implementation

locations;

• Has trained over 1000 NGO and government staff through TEST.

• Has trained over 5000 producer women through GMTs

• Establishment of local level supply chain with a growth-oriented enterprise model for

various sub-sectors in all project locations;

• Facilitated market linkages for various products with companies like Reliance, Safal,

Fab-India, UTMT and more corporate houses;

• Developed a cadre of more than 100 women producers as service providers handling &

coaching other women on enterprise functions;

• Chanelized a sales turnover of more than 50 lacs in 2 project locations each (M.P & Raj.)

and more than 25 lacs in 1 location (U.P);

• Facilitated around 3500 producers to move up the value chains with more technical

operations as processors;

• Build around 50% of the women to an extent to take up more technical production &

market operation and unions independently.

12 Future plan of organization:

To strengthen customer base by expansion and outreach to other districts like Katni,

Shingroli.

To strengthen and improvise the quality of training.

To improvise the BDS by adding up more services and products in the supply chain.

To set up a franchise model for the existing and upcoming VLSCs


THEME PAPER

Assessment of willingness to pay of the community for

the services and products identified for being offered

through Village Level Service Centers


INTRODUCTION

As part of the Village study segment, the major objective was study of existing supply chain

established by Udyam Jagaran Sansthan (UJAS), to check for the willingness of the community

to pay for the identified products and services in the project areas of Mandla district of Madhya

Pradesh. A study in both financial and operational aspects of different opportunities was carried

out to understand the various perspectives for the initiatives undertaken by Udyogini. In order to

identify challenges for the organization in current and future context different concepts that were

learnt in the classroom were utilized. The period of the study was from the 7th of January 2010

to the 29th

January, 2011.

1.1 Background of the study:

The main endeavor in the study was to check the willingness of the products and services for

Tribal community people that can be incorporated into the existing supply chain of the UJAS.

The organization is expanding in terms of opening up new VLSCs but the profit is not increasing

in the same proportion therefore the organization is willing to find out the problems in the supply

chain and launch new products and services in order to increase their profitability.

The operational areas of the organization i.e. Mandla district have agriculture as their primary

source of earning and livelihood. As the geographical condition of this area is not suitable for

good production from agriculture due to lack of water and irrigation equipment, most of the

farmers have to depend on rain. There is a need to introduce some services to minimize these

problems to some level or some extent. All the identified products will be provided by the UJAS

through its supply chain i.e. through the chain of CLSCs and VLSCs. Udyogini desires to

identify potential services according to the need and demand of the villagers, so that they can

improve their livelihood and also UJAS can improve its profit.


1.2 Rationale of the Project:

Even though the organization is expanding in terms of number of VLSCs but the profit is not

increasing in same proportion, thus there is felt need to re-monitor the overall working of the

supply chain and identify the problems. Also there is a need of introducing new products and

services by keeping in mind the needs of the village and the villagers. Identification of products

& services has already been done therefore to check the willingness of the villagers to pay for the

identified products services, the main rationale lies behind the primary occupation of the

villagers, their income & expenditure pattern and the most critical period/ month in a year. Based

on the identified list of products and services, to fulfil the needs of the villagers at their own

village at fair prices so that they can increase their income and decrease their expenditure.

1.3 Objective of the Study:

The long term goal of this project is to increase the profitability of the CLSCs, VLSCs by solving

the identified problems in the supply chain and also to introduce new services and products in the

supply chain of UJAS. To achieve this goal the objective is to check for the willingness of the

community/ villagers to pay for the identified products and services.

1.4 Scope: The information and the recommendations derived from this study helps to take appropriate

decisions for launching new identified products and services in the existing supply chain of the

UJAS to improve the lifestyle of the villagers. The primary data collected regarding their

willingness to pay for identified products and services and systemic knowledge generated by this

will result in the creation of a resource for other future study.

1.5 Limitations of the Study:

1) Poor and delayed transportation facility delayed the data collection.

2) As some of the villages are not operational areas of the organization, cause problems in

collecting villagers for FGD and data collection.

3) As the field staff was not familiar to such kind of surveys, they took time in

understanding and implementing right survey.


RESEARCH DESIGN

2.1 Study area and target group:

The study area is extended to 6 villages of Niwas Block, 7 villages of Narayanganj Block and 7

villages of Mandla Block. These 20 villages are divided into three clusters namely Niwas,

Babaliya and Bakori cluster of Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh.

Table 2 Village names

Babaliya Bakori Niwas

Keriba Singarpur Khamariya

Padhriya Muradeeh Phadki Raiyat

Sukhram Bakchheda Gondi Bandariya

Chakdehi Dungariya Mohpani

Banar Chirayi Dongari Umariya

Mukas Khurd Khuksar Lohari

Barbati Sijhori

7 7 6


2.2 Sample Design:

For checking willingness of the villagers to pay for the identified services, household survey was

done in 20 villages by taking 15 percent as sample size. The household of the 20 villages of

Babaliya, Bakori and Niwas cluster were the universe for the study with one person as unit of the

study.

2.3 Sampling Method:

Stratified sampling is used and the households of the given 20 villages are selected as sample.

2.4 Survey Design:

In the study both Primary and Secondary data is collected to fulfill the purpose of the study.

2.4.1 Collection of primary data:

The primary data is collected with the help of semi structured questionnaire containing a series

of descriptive questions dealing with the information about the identified services and the

suitable prices of the service. The purpose of the study is explained to the respondent prior to

survey.

2.4.2 Collection of Secondary Data:

Secondary data was provided by organization and other sources of secondary data were reports

and projects of the organization. Data on information about Mandla districts were collected from

the internet.

2.5 Methods of Data Analysis Techniques:

Various statistical methods are used for data analysis like pie charts, graphs, mean etc.

2.6 Time Frame:

We started our theme paper work on 8th

January 2011 and ended on 29th

January 2011 with all

fieldwork and data compilation works. Our time was equally divided for all the villages visited

by us.

2.7 Study Area Profile:

The study is focused on the willingness of the community to pay for the products and services

identified to be offered under VLSCs. For this we had to do study of 20 villages which fall in

Niwas, Narayangunj and Mandla block of Mandla district. All of these villages are situated in

hilly terrains and surrounded by river Narmada and forest. The majority of the population of


these villages is Gond tribe. People in all the villages are lacking essential infrastructure for the

development. Transport facilities are not adequate which makes it difficult for the people to go

out to purchase their basic amenities. Social infrastructures like electricity, health facility and

educational facilities are also lacking in most of these villages. Market connectivity is also very

poor; hence they have to depend on weekly haat bazaar which is usually far away from these

villages. There are very few to no general stores which forces villagers to run to places for their

day to day requirement. Most of the people are dependent on agriculture and forest produce for

their livelihood. Livestock’s are not in good condition due to lack of fodder facilities in the

village. For irrigation people are dependent on rain as the hilly terrain makes it difficult to bore

wells.

WILLINGNESS PROFILE

3.1 Products and Services for which willingness has to be found:

As most of the villages are remotely located, the villagers do not have access to many services

easily and the service points are located on an average 5-6 km away from the village. Following

are the list of services which are to be provided:

1) Recharge coupons

2) PCO

3) Tailoring

4) Cycle repairing

5) Veterinary service

6) Agri-expert advice

7) Health insurance

8) Warehouse facility

9) Irrigation equipments on lease

10) Submission of electricity bill

11) Solar/emergency lights

12) Banking services

13) Computer works


3.2 Demands for Products and Services:

The demand for products and services according to cluster wise is annexed with this report.

During the household survey it is found that the demands for some services like Health

Insurance, Tailoring, submission of electricity bill, agriculture consultant are found very high.

The demand for these products and services depends heavily on the geographic condition of the

village like its location i.e. distance from market, availability of electricity, availability of mobile

network and also the most important availability of water for irrigation.

Figure 5: %age Demand for Products & Services

Source: Individual Household survey

3.3 Description of Services:

1. Service Name: Recharge coupon

Description of Service:

According to this service, the VLSCs can sell the recharge coupons of mobile phones at high

rates as compared to the normal rates. The price of recharge coupons would be of 1-2 Rs. higher

than the normal rates.

66

43

58

4455

66

98

72 6964

13 10

82


Current status of the service:

Now a day’s mobile phones are considered as the essential part of the human life and to some

extent all the households in the villages have access to the mobile phones. There is demand of

the recharge coupons in the village but are not available in the villages. The villagers have to

travel on an average 5-6 km only to recharge their phones.

Period of the year when the demand for the product/service is there: These products are in

demand for throughout the year.

Willingness to pay:

Figure 2: Willingness to pay for Recharge Voucher


During our household survey we found that 53% people are willing to pay Rs.11 i.e. Rs.1 higher

for a Recharge Voucher of Rs10, 3% people are willing to pay Rs 12 and 12% people want to

purchase Rs 10 mobile voucher at the market price i.e. marked price.24% of the sampled

household do not want to avail this facility. The reason for not willing to pay are: due to close

proximity to market where recharge coupons are available at the market price, few people use

mobile only for incoming, few people get their mobile recharged by their son or any other

relative who lives in town. Whereas 8% of the sample does not have mobile phones, the reasons

being poor economic condition to own a mobile phone, poor or no network connectivity of

cellular service or don’t need mobile phone.

2) Service Name: P.C.O.

Description of Service: This service will offer phone services/ calling facility to the villagers at

normal call rates. According to this service, one prepaid mobile phone will be kept in the shop of

VLSCs.

53%

3%

12%

8%

24%Rs 11

Rs 12

Rs 10 (At MRP)

No Mobile phone

No idea


Current status of the service: Normally people of the village who don’t have a mobile phone or

any calling facility, they ask the person who have mobile phone with him, to use their phone.

And that person charge whatever he/she likes for their service or else they have to travel to 5-6

km. just for a single call.

Period of the year when the demand for the product/service is there: This service is in


Willingness to pay:

Figure 3: Willingness to pay for PCO


Demand for P.C.O. is found to be just 42%, this is because of the availability of mobile phones

in most the villages. During our household survey, we came to know that the local P.C.O. are

charging Rs.5 to10 for few minutes talk. 36% households are willing to pay Rs.1.5- 2.0/minute,

3% household each is willing to pay Rs 1/minute and Rs 2/minute respectively. 58% households

have either mobile phones or do not need the service of P.C.O.

3) Service Name: Warehouse Facility

Description Services: According to this service, UJAS will offer warehouse facility to the

villagers through the link of CLSCs and VLSCs.

Current status of the service: There is no warehouse available in the villages which can offer

warehouse services to them.

Period of the year when the demand for the product/service is there: These services are in


36%

3%3%

58%

Rs 1.5-2.0/minute

Rs 1/minute

Rs 2/minute

No


Willingness to pay:

Demand for warehouse is found to be more than 62%, the reason being non-availability of any

facilities of this kind. There is a general trend among people to sell their surplus products in the

market. People either sell it to local weekly haat or to traders of Babaliya, Niwas or Bakori, The

reason for selling is either they need money instantly or they do not have proper storage facility.

25% households do are not able to pay as they do not have enough production, whatever they

produce is used for their own consumption. 58% households are willing to pay Rs

20/quintal/month for keeping their produce in warehouse. 3% households are willing to pay Rs

25/quintal/month whereas 14% people do not require this facility because whatever surplus they

have, they prefer selling it to the market because of the need for money.

Figure 4: Willingness to pay for Warehouse


4) Service Name: Electricity Bill Submission

Description of Service:

In this, the UJAS will appoint agent either BDSP or VLSC in every villages. These agents will

be responsible for submission of all the electricity bills of a particular village and the agent will

charge commission for their service.

Current status of the service: All the villagers submit their electricity bill on individual basis.

To submit their electricity bill they spend some money to reach the submission point as these bill

submission points are located far away from the village



58%

3%

25%

14%

Rs 20/quintal

Rs 25/quintal

Not able to pay

No need


Willingness to pay:

Figure 5: Willingness to pay for Electricity bill submission


The average demand for this service is 43%. Out of the households surveyed 27% of the houses

do not have electricity. 17% of the households are not willing to pay for this service because of

their close proximity to the market were people go for bill submission 41% households are

willing to avail this service by paying Rs 5 extra along with their electricity bill whereas 13% are

willing to pay Rs 2 extra as commission for bill submission. This service is required in remote

villages were transportation facility is inadequate. In such villages people have to spend Rs30-40

in travelling just for submitting the bill and also a complete day is wasted.

5) Service Name: Irrigation & Agricultural Equipments on Rent

Description of Service: According to this service, UJAS will put a few agricultural equipments

to the VLSCs and these agriculture equipments will be offered to the villagers on the rent basis.

Current status of the service: The villagers have limited access of agricultural equipments.



Willingness to pay:

Availability of water is one of the biggest problems being faced by the people of these areas.

Despite of having Narmada river farmer’s are facing a lot of problems for irrigation, this is

mainly due to rugged geography of this area which makes it difficult to bore wells and thus

farmers have to depends upon rain, this leads to increase in demand for irrigation pump. The

41%

2%

27%

17%

13%

Bill Charge+ Rs 5 per bill

Bill Charge+Rs 2 per bill

Do not have electricity connection

Not willing to pay

No Idea


average demand for irrigation pump is 51%, 46% of the household do not require irrigation

facility because either they have their own pump or the irrigation pump cannot be used as there is

no water source available nearby. 4% of the households are willing to pay Rs 60/hour as rent and

diesel or kerosene for the irrigation pump, 47% is willing to pay between Rs 30 to 50 per hour

and diesel for renting irrigation pump and rest 3% do not have any idea for irrigation pump.

Figure 6: Willingness to pay for Irrigation Equipment


6) Service Name: Computer Work

Description of Service: According to this service, UJAS will put a computer at CLSC level.

This computer will offer services like photo printing, online registration forms related to

education and employment, etc.

Current status of the service: The villagers have limited access to computer related services.



Willingness to pay:

Figure 6: Willingness to pay for Computer Work


4%

28%

10%

4%

5%

3%

46%Rs 60/hour

Rs 50/hour

Rs 40/hour

Rs 35/hour

Rs 30/hour

No idea

No Demand

17%

41%

27%

15%

Rs 60-80 per 6 piece



No idea


Computer work includes mainly Passport photography; there is a great demand for photography

i.e. more than 75%. 15% households do not want this service, whereas 17%households are

willing to pay Rs 60-80/6 copy of photograph, 41% are willing to pay Rs 40-60 for 6

photographs, 27% are willing to pay Rs20-40/6 photographs and rest 15% does not have any idea

about this service.

7) Service Name: Health Insurance

Description of Service: The UJAS will provide health insurance of Rs. 30,000 to the villagers

by the collaboration with some health insurance company. The insurance amount is of Rs. 150

per year for BPL family and Rs. 350 per year for APL family, this insurance amount is for family

of 4 members and this amount goes on increasing according to the family members.

Current status of the service: There is no health insurance service available in the villages.


demand for throughout the year

Willingness to pay:

Figure 7: Willingness to pay for Health Insurance


The average demand for this service is more than 95%. The premium amount for BPL family

starts from Rs. 150 for the family consisting 4 members and for APL family the amount starts

from Rs. 350 for the family of 4 members. Demand for insurance is high because people think

that the insurance will support them in case of sudden or long term illness, in case of operations

also they will not have to take loan from money lenders.

71%

27%

2%

BPL Family

APL Family

No Need


8) Service Name: Agri. Expert Service

Description of Service: According to this service the UJAS will train some WEG member or

BDSP who can act as an agri. expert in their respective villages. They can offer services like

advice on good fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides etc. These people can also work as a link

between the villagers and the agri. scientists, so that he/she can provide updated information

related to the agriculture. People will have to register for a year to avail this service.

Current status of the service: The villagers have limited access to services of agri expert



Willingness to pay:

The demand for agriculture consultant is more than 75%. As the farmers are ignorant about the

quality of seed to be used, quantity of fertilizers to be given, which pesticides are to be given for

a particular type of plant disease whatever hard labor they do, is not giving them sufficient yield.

Therefore there is a need for agriculture consultant in the village who can guide farmers in more

effective way. 60% households are willing to pay Rs 100 as service charge for agric-consultant;

few households are willing to pay up to Rs 350, whereas few households are willing to pay as

low as Rs 20 per service.

Figure 7: Willingness to Pay for Agriculture Consultant


9) Service Name: Cycle Repairing

Description of Service: The UJAS will facilitate WEG members of the village to offer cycle

repairing services to their respective villages by providing training to them. The trained person

can repair cycle puncture/ burst, brake fail, tyre/ tube change, etc.

60%15%1% 1%

23%

Rs 100 Rs 150

Rs 350 Rs 50

No


Current status of the service: Almost all the villagers have cycle in their houses and there is

need to introduce a person who can repair their cycle.



Willingness to pay:

Figure 8: Willingness to Pay for Cycle Repairing


Cycle is the means of transportation for most of the villagers, but yet they do not have any cycle

repairing shops in their village. If anything happens to their cycle they have to carry it to the

market which is situated 5-10 km from their village or go to nearby village. Therefore there is a

great need for cycle repairing shop in the villages. 68% households are willing to pay for cycle

repairing facility if available in their village at the market rate where as 32% are not willing to

pay the reason is either their village is close to the market or they repair it by themselves.

10) Service Name: Veterinary Service

Description of Service: According to this service the UJAS will train WEG member or VLSC

of the respective village who can act as a veterinary doctor in their respective villages.

Current status of the service: The villager depends on government doctors to cure their

animals.

Period of the year when the demand for the product/service is there: This service has

maximum demand in the summer season and rainy season.

Willingness to pay:

As the villagers are ignorant about the diseases of animals and the veterinary doctor are very few

and available only in blocks. Farmers have to face a lot of difficulties in treatment of their

68%

32%Willing to pay at Market rate

Not willing


cattle’s, most of the time their cattle die before reaching of the doctor. Therefore there is a great

need for a Para Veterinary doctor. 36% households do not need this service because either their

villages are in close proximity to veterinary doctor or they have doctor in their own village. 46%

households are willing to pay Rs 50/animal as checkup charge, 9% are willing to pay Rs

20/animal, 4% Rs 100/animal and others are willing to pay anywhere between Rs 10-60/animal.

These charges are excluding the price for medicine.

Figure 9: Willingness to pay for Para-Veterinary doctor


11) Service Name: Emergency light

Description of Service: According to this service, UJAS will put a few numbers of emergency

lights to the VLSCs and these lights will be sold to the villagers.

Current status of the service: The situation of electricity in these villages is very poor and

people depend on kerosene oil to light their houses. So, there is need to introduce alternative of

electricity and kerosene oil.



Willingness to pay:

Willingness to pay for emergency light was found to be just 14%. Emergency light are

demanded only by those people who have got little higher status in their community and who are

economically well to do. Most households cannot afford emergency light due to it high cost.

Households get 5 ltr. of kerosene every month on subsidized rate which is just sufficient for the

entire month. Other reason for not willing to pay for this product is that in some places electricity

1%

46%

2%4%1%

9%

1%

36%Rs 100/animal Rs 50/animal

Rs 40/animal Rs 30/animal

Rs 25/animal Rs 20/animal

Rs 10/animal No


are mostly available in evening till night also some places do not have electricity therefore

emergency light cannot be used as it require charging.

Figure 10: Willingness to Pay for Emergency Light


12) Service Name: Bank Linkage & Other Banking Services

Description of Service: In this, the UJAS will train some WEG members in the villages who

will work as a link between the banks and the village.

Current status of the service: There is very limited access of banking services in the villages


maximum demand in the summer season because maximum migration done in this season only.

Willingness to pay:

As most of the households are tribal’s and economically weaker the demand for banking service

is limited. 89% households do not require this service & the reason is neither they have any bank

account nor do they need it as they do not have enough money to keep in bank also most of them

are farmers and the agriculture produce are not sufficient.

Figure 11: Willingness to Pay for Bank Linkage


14%

86% Willing to Pay Not Willing to pay

11%

89%

Willingness

Not willing


13) Service Name: Tailoring

Description of Service: In this, tailoring services will be offered in the villages. UJAS will

facilitate some WEG member of the village to offer tailoring service to their respective villages

by providing training of tailoring to them.

Current status of the service: The quality tailors are available at Babaliya, Bakori, Niwas,

Ripta, etc., means that the quality tailors service are not available in the villages. To get quality

service the villagers should move to nearby villages by spending some amount on travel, this

additional cost increases the cost incurred in the stitching of complete cloth.


maximum demand in the marriage season and festival season

Willingness to pay:

Figure 12: Willingness to Pay for Tailoring


Out of 290 households surveyed, 87% of the households are willing to avail the service of

Tailoring. 13% of the sample does not require this service as some of them already has tailoring

machine and in some village tailors are already available. People who need this service have the

saying that if the facility will be available in their own village and the tailor has expertise in

tailoring work then they are ready to avail this service.

87%

13%

Willingness to Pay at Market rate

Not willing


4 CONCLUSION

The following conclusions are drawn after the completion of the study:

1) The focused people in the household survey of 20 villages had agriculture as their primary

source of earning and livelihood. As the geographical condition of this area is not suitable for

good production from agriculture and there is lack of water and irrigation equipment therefore

there is a need for irrigation pump in most of the villages.

2) As the villages have poor connectivity with market, there is need of VLSCs in some of the

villages. Some of the products like Kirana materials, manihari, recharge voucher, emergency

lights can be sold there.

3) Farmers are ignorant about the crop disease and animal disease and since service of veterinary

doctor is not sufficient therefore there is a need to train people for Kishan mitra and veterinary

service.

4) Demand for health insurance is very high and also there is need for warehouse facility.

Tailoring facility is required in the villages and most of the people are willing to pay at market

price.

5) The purchasing power of the villagers is low; therefore, the services which can be uploaded in

the supply chain should be in their limit of purchasing power.

6) In distress periods the villagers migrate to other places for earning their livelihood, also they

ask credit from the informal sources on high interest rates to meet their financial need.

4.1 Major findings of the Study:

Table 3: Major Findings

CLUSTER

NAME NIWAS BAKORI BABALIYA

SERVICE

OFFERED

Willingn

ess %

Acceptance

price

Willingn

ess %

Acceptance

price

Willingn

ess %

Acceptance

price

RECHARGE COUPON

44 Rs 11 82 Rs 11.07 73 Rs 10.93

P.C.O 44 Rs 2 46 Rs 1 39 Rs 1.5

WAREHOUSE 65 Rs 20.5 71 Rs 18 39 Rs 14

SUBMISSION OF ELECTRIC BILL

26 Bill charge + Rs 5



IRRIGATION 73 Rs 47/hour 56 Rs 38/hour 36 Rs 23/hour


EQUIPMENT ON RENT

COMPUTER WORK

53 Rs 41/6p 60 Rs 29/6p 86 Rs 44/6p

HEALTH INSURANCE

97 Rs 350-800(APL),150-200(BPL)

98 Rs 350-800(APL),150-200(BPL)

100 Rs 350-800(APL),150-200(BPL)

AGRICULTURAL CONSULTANT

96 Rs 109/year 37 Rs 44 83 Rs 89

CYCLE REPAIRING

69 Market Rate 68 Market Rate 71 Market Rate

PARA VETERNAIRY DOCTOR

70 Rs 29 55 Rs 23 66 Rs 31

EMERGENCY LIGHT

15 Not Decided 20 Not Decided 5 Not Decided

BANK LINKAGE

2 Depends on service



TAILORING 78 Market Rate 81 Market Rate 86 Market Rate

5 Suggestions:

We suggest the following services for feasibility check:

1. Product like Recharge Coupon can be added to the existing VLSC’s.

2. Electricity bill can be collected through VLSC or CLSC.

3. Health Insurance Service has more than 98% demand therefore this service can be availed.

4. There is a need for computer related work like photography which can be provided at

CLSC’s.

5. Agriculture consultant is required in most of the villages due to lack of adequate facilities.

6. Cycle repairing is also required as cycle is the most widely used means of transportation and

there is no such facility available in most of the villages.


ANNEXURE:

Figure 13: %age demand for products and services (Cluster wise)

Questionnaire to Check the Willingness of the Villagers:

Name: ………………………………… Age: ………… Sex: ………….

Educational qualification: ……………… No. of Family Members: ………..

Village: …………………. Cluster name: ……………………..

1. If you get recharge coupons of Rs. 10 &. 20 in your village at Rs. 11 & 22.

Are you willing to pay that much amount for this service? If not then how much amount you able

to pay for this service

(A) Maximum amount……………………. (B) Minimum amount……………

2. If we offered PCO service in your village and the call rates will be Rs. 1.5-2.0/minute.

0102030405060708090

100

NIWAS

BAKORI

BABALIYA


Are you willing to pay that much amount for this service? If not then how much amount you

able to pay for this service

(A) Maximum amount……………………. (B)Minimum amount………………

3. If your village served by the services of warehouse, in which you can store your produce and

collections. For this, one receipt will be issued to you in respect to the cost and quantity of

your produce and collection. This receipt helps you to get loan easily from banks and other

financial institutions at low interest rates to fulfill your financial need. To use the services of

warehouse you have to pay Rs. 20/quintal per month for your produce and collection. The

conditions are:

1. You have to bear the carrying cost.

2. You have to bear the measurement cost

Are you willing to store your produce items in warehouse the charge will be Rs 20/quintal? If

not then how much amount you able to pay for this service

(A) Maximum amount……………………. (B) Minimum amount………………

4. If we offered the service for Submission of your electricity bill by the agent. The agent

will be from your village and he/she will charge Rs. 5 per electricity bill.

Are you willing to pay Rs 5 for this service? If not then how much amount you able to pay

for this service

(A) Maximum amount…………… (B) Minimum amount…………

5. Would you like to use diesel/electric irrigation pumps at Rs. 50/ hour on rent basis? The

conditions are:

1. You have to bear the carrying cost of the pumps from the center to your farms.

2. You have to bear the cost of diesel and electricity

Are you willing to pay Rs 50/Hour for this service? If not then how much amount you able to

pay for this service

(A) Maximum amount……………………. (B) Minimum amount………

6. If you get the photo printing and other computer related services(various types of online

registration forms) at CLSCs of Babaliya, Bakori and Niwas, and:

1. You have to pay Rs. 50/6 photographs


2. You have to pay Rs. 40/3 photograph

3. Cost of other works as per the market rates.

Are you willing to pay that much amount for this service? If not then how much amount you able


(A) Maximum amount…………… (B) Minimum amount…………………………..

7. If health insurance scheme of Rs. 30,000 will be provided to you and for that you have to

pay Rs. 150/ year (only for BPL families) or Rs. 350/year (only for APL families) for the

family of 4 members. The amount will increase according to the number of persons in a

family. And the conditions are as follows:

1. You should consult only the recommended hospitals of the insurance company (i.e.

in Jabalpur and Mandla).

2. The person will claim only in that situation in which he/she admit in the

recommended hospitals at least for 24 hours (1 day).

Are you willing to pay that amount to avail the services of health insurance by keeping in

mind the above conditions? If not then how much amount you able to pay for that

service. (A) Maximum………………….. (B) Minimum………………..

8. If some person of your village will act as a Kinas Mitra, who provides you different

services related to your agric-farms such as agric-expert advices, information about

different diseases and how to cure them, use of pesticides, soil testing, effective use of

fertilizers, new techniques of irrigation etc. To avail this service you have to pay Rs

100/year.

Are you willing to pay Rs 100/Year for this service? If not then how much amount you able


(A) Maximum amount……… (B) Minimum amount……………

9. If VLSC shop of your village (if available) or any person of your village will offer you

the services of cycle mechanic at the market rate. Will you use this service or not?

Will you use this service at market rate: (A) Yes (B) No

10. If some person of your village act as a Pasha Mitra, who provides different services to

your animals such as seasonal checkup of your animals, will cure your animals, provide

medicines and injections etc. To avail this service you have to pay Rs 50/animal plus

medicine cost.


Are you willing to pay Rs 50/animal for this service? If not then how much amount you able


(A) Maximum amount…………… (B) Minimum amount………………….

11. If the CLSCs will provide you Emergency light on rental basis in your village, will you

able to use this service?

(A) Yes………… (B) No…………

12. Would you like to have a person in the village who act as an agent between banks and the

village and for this service you have to pay some amount depends on the service.

Are you willing to pay for this service?

A) Yes………… (B) No…………

13. Would you like to have a tailor in the village who will stitch your cloths at the same rates

of the nearby market?

Will you stitch your cloth at the market rate?

A) Yes………… (B) No…………


RURAL ACTION

COMPONENT Grassroots Management Training for

Women Entrepreneur Groups


1 Introduction

GMT is one of the core activities of Udyogini. This program focuses on women; they help

marginalized women to become entrepreneur not just skilled producers. The topics covered

under GMT are motivation for entrepreneurship, business idea generation and marketing, risk

analysis, market survey, value-chain analysis, business plan creation and linkages building. This

training is given to build the capacity of women by training them in fields like: assessing the

feasibility of an enterprise planning and schedule production, understanding and assessing the

market, production / quality management. To simplify these concepts for women, the training

program includes tools like case studies and simulation exercise, role-play and group works.

2 Objectives:

To motivate and sensitize women to develop and inculcate entrepreneurship within them

To sensitize women about the necessity and strength of organized power.

To empower them in collective decision making process

To help them develop life skills which will help them run their business

3 Methodology:

The methodology used for training depends upon the group under training. The training

methodology varies for groups depending upon whether they are literate or not. A number of

training tools are used like playing games, giving lecture, pictorial cards, group discussions,

explanation on charts, oral representation, money, role play etc. The training module is designed

to encourage active participation of the group members.


4 Activity Profile:

Whole training is divided into 7 Modules:

Table 4: Activity Module

Session Topic

1 Module 1

Warming up

Role of Women in Family/Society

Definition and Objective of WEG

2 Module 2 Group vision ,Mission & Goal

3 Module 3 Unity

4 Module 4 Collective decision making

5 Module 5 Common fund management

6 Module 6 Livelihood Analysis

7 Module 7 Business Idea Generation and analysis

5 RAC Place: Table 5: Groups under Training

Group Name No. of

Members

Date of

Group

Formation

Address Monthly

Saving

Jai Maa Santoshi 15 Nov. 2010 Jevra, Block-Niwas Rs 50

Krishnan Mahila Udyog

Samuh

10 2005 Barbati, Block-Niwas Rs 10

Jai Durgavati Mahila Samuh 10 Oct. 2010 Pipariya Block-Niwas Rs 50

Shail Putri Mahila Samuh 10 2006 Dadargaon, Block-

Niwas

Rs 50

Maa Durgavati Mahila

Samuh

15 Nov.2010 Samaiya, Block-Niwas Rs 50

Maa Durga Udyog Samuh 10 2006 Devdongari, Block-

Niwas

Rs 30


6 The Process:

Table 6: Training Process

Module for WEG Training

Topic Objective Pedagogy

Module 1

Warming up To know about each

members

Small warm up game,

introducing with name, place

and work

Role of women in

family/society Multirole played by

women Discussion

Definition &

objective of WEG

To motivate WEG that

will help them to

double their income

through savings &

enterprise development

Lecture Mode

Module 2 Group vision

,Mission & Goal To make them familiar

with their role as WEG Discussion & use of flip chart

Module 3 Unity Advantages Role play/ Cat & rat game

Module 4 Collective

decision making

Importance of group

decision

Distribution of money dividing

the members to different groups

Module 5 Common fund

management

Appropriate utilization

of money Life skill-Situational case

Module 6 Livelihood

Analysis

To know what they are

doing and what they

can do

Discussion

Module 7 Business Idea

Generation

To motivate the group

to develop enterprise Game & discussion

7 Outcomes and Impact:

They were able to understand their needs such as further enterprise related training and

market linkages. (Sources feedback form)

Facilitated in making appropriate decision for their enterprises.

Motivated members to generate varied ideas for enterprise selection

Instilled a reflective thinking among the people

Helped them to be vocal about their thoughts


Transference of gender sensitivity which would help the rural entrepreneurs to operate

their enterprise

8 Key Success Factor:

The main key success factors for us were the GMT member. The women of the village were very

active they always tries to listen us whatever we say and other key success factor is the director

and secretary of the Group who always try to convince the local women also the Udyogini field

staff who arranged the training at schedule time.

9 Lessons Learnt:

Though we were giving GMT to the Women Entrepreneur Group but it was also training

for us. This training gave us opportunity to interact with very poor but brave women of

the villages.

We learnt about the factors influencing the rural women to start and operate their

enterprises.

During the GMT we also learnt the importance of life skills & functional literacy which

will help them to operate & manage their enterprise.

We also learnt that social rural marketing can bring an economic empowerment with the

help of WEG formation as this inculcates saving habits among the rural women.

It helped us to understand that giving right information can help people to make right

decision.

A proactive strategy can bring a sustainable development.

10 Overall observations as a grassroots change agent:

10.1 Challenges Ahead:

It’s very important to strengthen the purchasing power of the rural community.

Education is very important for Operation of business so that these women can do

accounting independently.

To be able to tackle the group pressure which remains an important aspect as it affects the

decision making of an entrepreneur.


Social customs plays an important role for an entrepreneur as it affects their mobility

which is crucial for an entrepreneur.

Due to many faulty interventions of other NGOs working in the district it’s a challenge to

earn & sustain communities trust.

A mere distribution of money has degraded the communities’ value and generated a

feeling of dependency.

Quality of work has hampered due to lack of speedy implementation and proper co-

ordination with other Governmental /Non –government agencies.

10.2 Suggestions to the above challenges:

The purchasing power of the community can be strengthened by setting up new

enterprises.

Life skill and functional literacy programs can be implemented for Women.

Awareness on gender sensitivity

Trust can be build by proper and effective working of the NGOs

Efforts should be made to make community self dependent, which can happen by

enterprise development.

As a grassroots worker we have learned that, without participation of local people we cannot

make any event successful because we can’t judge which is the most important thing needed by

them. During the GMT we found that everyone has some skill, some members have good

knowledge of enterprise and they know how they can generate income only they don’t have

proper guidance and market linkage. Due to the intervention of Udyogini, which is working as a

change agent many of the WEG have become self sufficient and are doing small enterprise like

vegetable production, mahua procurement, providing credit facility ,and brick making and so on.

Thus we can say that any program can be implemented only by being sensitive to the need of

local people.


Case Study Face Sheet:

Name: Gomati Bai Dhumkati Age: 46

Marital status: Married Educational qualification: Illiterate

Village: Keriba P.O.: Chhapra Block: Niwas

State: Madhya Pradesh

Cast: Schedule Tribe Religion: Hindu

Name of the husband: Mr. Bal Chand Dhumketi

Educational qualification: 8th

No. of family Members: 4

Present family income (Rs):3000

Gomati Bai -A face of Women Entrepreneur


Background:

Gomati Bai Dhumketi is a 46 year old woman; she resides in the village Keriba of Niwas block

in Mandla district. She was married to Bal Chand Dhumketi at the age of 16. She is having a

family of four consisting of a son studying in 12th

, a daughter studying in 10th

, her husband is an

unskilled labor and works on a daily wage basis. As her husband is an unskilled labor he could

not earn enough money to meet daily requirements, the financial sources are not secure and

living condition is not good. She has a small piece of agriculture land on which she cultivates

kodo, kutki, wheat, rai etc. The income from the agricultural activities is not enough to manage

her household expenses and education related expenses of the children as the land is infertile and

there is an acute shortage of water for irrigation.

Before opening up the VLSC, she was completely dependent upon agriculture and non-agri labor

as the source of livelihood. Being physically weak she was not able to do hard labor work, also

as compared to the work done as laborer she used to get much less wage. Thus overall situation

of her family is miserable and survival is not ensured.

Training:

Fed up of her living condition and humiliations that her family faced in the society she was

looking for some activity which could help her in getting some financial support to the family.

At that time Udyogini was expanding its work from Bakori cluster to Babliya cluster and there

only Gomati Bai came into contact with the field staff and other workers of Udyogini. She joined

Udyogini’s Women Entrepreneur Group in 2006 and started saving Rs 25 every month. After

having enough savings, one day she went to Udyogini’s Babliya office and asked for the VLSC

franchise and she took training for 3 months.

Entering into Business:

After completion of the training she opened a VLSC in her village Keriba with the help of UJAS.

In the beginning she invested a sum of Rs 10000, out of which Rs 3000 came from her savings

and rest Rs 7000 was given by UJAS. It’s now more than 1 year since the opening of VLSC by

Gomati Bai, per day sell of the shop is approx. Rs 200-250. She manages to earn profit of Rs


100-150 per day, but this earning varies from season to season. On an average the monthly

selling from the shop is approx RS 9000-10000 and her monthly earning from the shop is

approx. Rs 2000.This VLSC aggregates and procures agricultural and forest produce from the

village itself and then the volume is sold out to CLSCs. From CLSC retail products are bought

and VLSCs supplies to the villages.

Udyogini has helped in transforming her life; she has gained self confidence. Earlier she used to

shy and hesitate to talk but today she can talk to any officials. Now she can ask for the right price for

goods, she now knows about different weights used for weighing products. She was illiterate but

now she has learnt to manage the accounts of her shop with the help of her husband and

children’s. She has got better position and name in the society now she is invited for special

occasions and festivals in the village. She feels empowered and independent as she plays a major

role in decision making in her family. She understands the importance of education and therefore

wants her children to study, she even teaches other women’s of the village about hygiene,

cleanliness and even motivates them to get similar training from Udyogini and become an

entrepreneur.

Future Plans:

As the income from the business allows her to save, she is planning to expand her business. She

has planned to improve the infrastructure of her shop so that she could store more products both

for selling and for procurement. She is also planning to invest for her children’s better

educational facilities.


NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME


INTRODUCTION

National Service Scheme was launched in year 1969 with a motto “Not Me, But You” which

means the service for others without being selfish. It is a service through which the nation’s

Youth can develop the community welfare Programs. The NSS promotes the volunteers to come

ahead and put their effort and help to aware the community through campaigning, drama, role

play etc.

The NSS is directly relevant to the Rural Management student, because the student of RM are

supposed to work under Rural Areas and give the development program for the inclusive

development in Rural Areas. Thus NSS is also a part of development activity and therefore is

very meaningful for the Rural Management students.

This NSS activity helps to built direct linkages between Community and Campus, College and

Village, Knowledge and Action, Thinking and Implementation through the involvement of local

community

2 Objective of NSS:

To work with local community for their awareness and development.

To encourage students for daily attendance at the school

To assimilate and incorporate environmental values in the education

To aware the villagers specially women about the Pulse Polio Drop and its importance for

their nascent child.

To support the government schemes.

To inform the women about the other useful vaccination i.e., ECG, BCG etc

To motivate small children to go to School.


3 Activity Profile: 1. Participation in Pulse Polio Day

2. Poem and Dancing Competition among Children’s up to 5 years

3. Participation in Republic Day Celebration

4. Teaching in Primary School

5. Essay and Drawing Competition

6. Rally on women’s day

3.1 Participation in Pulse Polio Day: Eradication of Polio is of the prime objective through the World. It has been eradicated in most

part of the World but it is still prevailing in our country. Therefore our government has taken a

large scale campaign with a motto to eradicate Polio. For this Polio camp are organized

throughout the country with the help of local nurses and Anganwadi workers. On one such event

i.e. on 23rd

February, 2011 we also participated in one such mission to create awareness about

Polio. The day is also known as Polio Raviwar.

Approach:

Having the aim to do something for the society, we were searching and planning for the

opportunities since the day-1, and then we came to know that the government is once again

organizing the mega campaign for Pulse Polio. We decided to participate in this program and

started planning. We went Primary Health Centre to meet the Medical officer Dr. P.L. Kori and

introduced ourselves and our purpose of visiting. Coincidently a meeting was organized on that

day for the distribution of field area for Polio vaccine; we also participated in the meeting and

addressed our purpose to all the nurses, asha and the doctor. During the meeting Doctor

introduced us to a nurse named Ms. S. Choudhary (ANM) and Ms. Saroj Warkare (Asha worker)

with whom we had to organize Polio Raviwar. We are very thankful to the doctor because he

gave us this opportunity. On 23rd

morning we went to the health centre and from there we along

with the nurse headed towards village Devrikala, booth No.-66. We had to put our Polio camp in

the Primary School, after reaching there we posted Polio Raviwar banners on the wall and on the

outside of the school, our work started by 9 o’clock in the morning. Along with giving polio


drops we were also giving them information on why Polio vaccine is required. We also asked

them whether they have given other vaccines or not, we informed them about the benefits of

vaccine and also encouraged them to give vaccines to their children. Some very interesting

things happened during the program, we came across few children’s who were very enthusiastic

for taking Polio drop, not only this they encouraged many other children to take Polio drop.

Though we taught people about disease and vaccine, this day was very informing for us also. We

interacted with people of almost all caste and class and learnt their culture and behavior very

closely.

3.2 Poem & Dancing Competition (children up to 5yrs.)

During our work on theme paper we came across many “Palan ghar” run by Udyogini. We saw

that children’s were not willing to come to the Palan ghar. After few visit, we observed that the

reason behind children’s unwillingness to come was their lack of interest. We decided to

generate interest in these children so that they could come to these centers and therefore we took

it for our NSS activity. We organized Poem & singing competition among children’s and

distributed chocolates among them.


3.3 Republic Day Celebrations:

On 26th

January i.e. the Republic Day we thought of organizing a rally on awareness for

education and motivate drop outs to join the school again. With this thought in mind we went to

meet the Principle of the Middle School, Babaliya and put our plan in front of him. And thus

with his permission and support we organized a rally in the village starting from the school to the

Boys hostel where cultural programs were organized.


3.4 Teaching in Primary School:

During our stay in the village we came to know that the teaching facilities are not adequate in the

village, therefore we visited Primary School of the village and talked with the teacher. We found

that there are just two teacher to teach students from class 1 to 5 and one Para teacher to teach

students below std.1. There are three rooms in the school and total number of students in the

school is 67. We also noticed that the teachers lacked interest in teaching, after looking at the

situation we decided to take class for these children. We took permission from the teacher and

started taking classes. We found that the students had very poor reading and writing skill.

Students of std. 5 were not able to read Hindi properly and most of the students failed to solve

simple mathematical problems. We also took classes for students below class 1.

3.5 Painting and Essay Competition:

While teaching in the Primary School we thought of organizing a competition among students.

The prime objective for such competition was to check the thinking ability of the students as well

as to check how much they are concerned about their environment. The topic for the essay

competition was “Our environment” for students from class 3 to 5. The topic for essay for junior

students was “How I spend my Day”, the objective behind this topic was to see how they plan

their day and also make them aware about proper utilization of time. After essay competition

Painting competition was organized for students from class 3 to 5. The topic for painting


competition was “Nature”. The evaluation for both the competition was done and the winners

were given prize. First and second prize was instrument box whereas third prize was pen.

3.6 Rally on Women’s Day


Skit: Advantages of doing Enterprise and Entrepreneurship

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ÌuÉqÉsÉÉ: uÉÉã MæüxÉã


गोमती : हमारे गाव मे उद्योगगनी की काययकताय आये थे उनसे हमे ऩता चऱा कक समहू का मह्त्व और उद्मम चऱाने का तरीका उद्योगगनी समहू की महहऱा को उद्यम चऱाने का मागयद्शनय देती हैं और ,प्रशशऺण देती हैं। जजसको जी एम टी बोऱा जाता हें मनैें आस ऩास के गावं की कान्ती,गोमती,द्रोऩती धन्नोबाई से भी शमऱी ऒर देखा कक वो ऱोग अऩनी अऩनी उदयम चऱा रही हैं। इसीशऱए मेंने भी प्रशशऺण में भाग ऱी ओर अऩनी ग्राम स्तरीय सेवा कें द्र खोऱ ऱी तुम चाहो तो उद्योगगनी के प्रशशऺक के साथ बात कर सकत ेहो चऱो उनसे बात कर ऱेते हैं । aÉÉãqÉÌiÉ: UÉqÉ UÉqÉ qÉæQûqÉ

SìÉæmÉÌS: UÉqÉ UÉqÉ, MæüxÉÏ WûÉã ÌuÉqÉsÉÉ, SÒMüÉlÉ MæüxÉÉ cÉsÉ UWûÉ Wæû

aÉÉãqÉÌiÉ: ANûÉ cÉsÉ UWûÉ Wæû.., ये मेरी दोस्त ववमऱा बाई हें जो बहुत ऩररशान हें ये भी अऩने घर का आय बढाने के शऱए कुछ करना चहती हैं । अब आऩ ही इसका मागयद्शन कीजजए ।

ÌuÉqÉsÉÉ: UÉqÉ UÉqÉ qÉæQûqÉ

द्रोऩती: ज्यादा ऩररशान मत हो यहा से प्रशशऺण ऱेने के बाद बहुत सारी बाई आ्मननभयर हो गई है और आऩना जीवनयाऩन अच्छे से चऱा रही हैं ह्तमारा अगऱा प्रशशऺण १४ माचय से शरुु हो रहा हैं तू आ जाना .................. उद्योगगनी प्रशशऺण के साथ साथ आऩको बाजार से जुडाव ओर ववज्तय सहायता भी देती हैं । xÉÇuÉÉS MüiÉÉï: AÉeÉ mÉëÍzÉ¤ÉhÉ MüÉ ÌSlÉ Wæû..AÉCrÉã SãZÉiÉã WæÇû mÉëÍzÉ¤ÉhÉ qÉã YrÉÉ YrÉÉ

WûÉãiÉÉ Wæû

SìÉæmÉÌS: UÉqÉ UÉqÉ oÉD, MæüxÉã WûÉã AÉmÉ/ xÉoÉ oÉÌRûrÉÉ??... AÉlÉã qÉãÇ MüÉãD mÉUãzÉÉlÉÏ iÉÉã

lÉÌWÇû WÒûD..


xÉpÉÏ: UÉqÉ UÉqÉ qÉæQûqÉ, WÒûqÉ ÌPûMü WæÇû..AÉlÉã qÉã MüÉãD mÉUãzÉÉlÉÏ lÉWûÏ WÒûD

SìÉæmÉÌS: AÉmÉ xÉoÉ qÉÑfÉã eÉÉlÉiÉã WæÇû,..... iÉÉã ÌPûMçü Wæû mÉWûsÉã WûqÉ LãMü-SÒzÉUã MüÉ mÉËUcÉæ

eÉÉlÉiÉã WæÇû

qÉãUÉ lÉÉqÉ SìÉæmÉÌS Wæû qÉæÇ ....... aÉuÉÇ xÉã WÒÇû AÉæU qÉæÇ mÉëÍzÉ¤ÉlÉ MüÉ MüÉqÉ MüUiÉÏ WÒÇû

xÉpÉÏ AmÉlÉÉ AmÉlÉÉ mÉËUÍcÉrÉ SãiÉã WæÇû...

SìÉæmÉÌS: AÉeÉ mÉëÍzÉ¤ÉlÉ MüÉ mÉWûsÉÉ ÌSlÉ Wæû, rÉã mÉëÍzÉ¤ÉlÉ iÉÏlÉ ÌSlÉ cÉsÉãaÉÉ

AÉeÉ WûqÉ ÍzÉZÉãÇaÉã...

1. zÉqÉÑWû MüÉ qÉWûiuÉ

2. zÉqÉÑWû MüÉ E¬ãzÉ

3. eÉÏuÉlÉ MüÉæzÉsÉ MüÉã MæüxÉã बढाना Wæû 4. E±qÉÏ qÉÌWûsÉÉ Mãü aÉÑlÉ

5. E±qÉ MæüxÉã cÉsÉlÉÉ Wæû

6.

7. और इसके साथ साथ अनऩढ महहऱाऒ ंको ऩढ्ना शऱखना शसखा

xÉÇuÉÉS MüiÉÉï: AÉæU AoÉ SãZÉiÉã WæÇû mÉëÍzÉ¤ÉhÉ Mãü oÉÉS ÌuÉqÉsÉÉ oÉÉD qÉã YrÉÉ YrÉÉ mÉËUuÉiÉïlÉ

AÉrÉÉ..

ÌuÉqÉsÉÉ: E±ÉãÌaÉÌlÉ xÉã mÉëÍzÉ¤ÉhÉ sÉãlÉã Mãü oÉÉS qÉæÇ AmÉlÉÉ ZÉÑS MüÉ xÉÎoeÉ MüÉ E±qÉ

zÉÑÂ ÌMürÉÉ. E±ÉãÌaÉÌlÉ qÉãÇ ÍxÉZÉã aÉrÉã iÉMüÌlÉÌMü arÉÉlÉ AÉæU MüÉæxÉsÉ MüÉ qÉælÉãÇ AmÉlÉã

ZÉãiÉÉãÇ qÉãÇ EmrÉÉãaÉ ÌMürÉÉ, MÑüNèû qÉÌWûlÉÉãÇ MüÐ MüÄQûÏ qÉãWûlÉiÉ Mãü oÉÉS eÉÉã xÉÎoeÉ WÒûAÉ ExÉã

qÉæÇ WûÉOû-oÉÉeÉÉU qÉãÇ oÉãcÉlÉã sÉã aÉD. MÑüNû ÌWû SãU qÉãÇ xÉÉUÏ xÉÎoeÉ ÌoÉMü aÉD..

uÉÉã ÌSlÉ qÉãUã ÎeÉlSaÉÏ MüÉ oÉWÒûiÉ ÌWû qÉWûiÉumÉÑlÉï ÌSlÉ jÉÉ YrÉÑÇMüÐ qÉælÉãÇ mÉWûsÉÏ oÉÉU mÉæxÉÉ

MüqÉÉrÉÉ jÉÉ...


AÉæU AÉeÉ qÉæÇ CxÉ xÉÎoeÉ Mãü MüUÉãoÉÉU xÉã AmÉlÉã mÉÑUã bÉU MüÉã xÉqpÉÉsÉ UWûÏ WÒÇû, qÉælÉãÇ

AmÉlÉã oÉŠÉã Mãü ÍsÉrÉã eÉÉã xÉmÉlÉã SãZÉã jÉã uÉÉã AoÉ xÉcÉ WûÉã UWûÉ Wæû....

xÉçÇuÉÉSè MüiÉÉï :

AÉmÉlÉã SãZÉÉ ÌMü ÌMüxÉ iÉUWû xÉã LãMü xÉÉkÉÉUlÉ qÉÌWûsÉÉ E±qÉ xÉã eÉÑU MüU AmÉlÉÉ

AÉÍjÉïMü AÉãU xÉÉqÉeÉÏMü ÌuÉMüÉzÉ MüU xÉMüiÉÏ Wæû

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