Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 -...
Transcript of Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 -...
![Page 1: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Viking genes in northern England project
Steve Harding
NCMH LabsUniversity of Nottingham
![Page 2: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Team
Mark JoblingTuri KingSteve HardingJudith JeschDavid GeorgeKevin Schurer
![Page 3: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Viking genes in Northern England project
Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular Biology and EvolutionPart 2 - North Lancashire, Cumbria and N. Yorkshire (2008-2011)would be very useful if we had more extensive Scandinavian control data!
![Page 4: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Background: Messages from our ancestorsDNA is a ‘text’ that changes slowly through time, and varies between individualsAnalyse DNA from skeletons
‘Real’ information about the pastDifficult, small sample sizes, prone to modern DNA contamination; maybe no descendants
Analyse modern peopleEasy to get samplesCan be unrepresentative of past populations, need methods of inference
![Page 5: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Genetics of physical characteristics
Blood groupsPoorly discriminating and widespreadPigmentation, stature, facial shapeComplex, poorly understood, wide distribution in N.Europe
![Page 6: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Genetics of physical characteristics
Dupuytren’s contractureInherited - dominantDistribution suggests possible Viking originEvidence from Icelandic sagasMore frequent in regions of Britain influenced by VikingsBut - genetic basis unknownCrops up in other populations
![Page 7: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
DNA: Maternal and paternal lines
![Page 8: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Individual Viking ancestry?
![Page 9: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Peter Forshaw (Irby)
Population Count Frequency %
Norway Central 3 of 48 6 Norway East 5 of 85 6 Norway Oslo 2 of 33 6 Denmark 4 of 63 6 Norway North 2 of 45 4 Sweden 22 of 510 4 Zeeland 2 of 46 4 Budapest 3 of 117 3 Freiburg 12 of 433 3 Hamburg 3 of 114 3 Latium 6 of 222 3 Norway W est 2 of 64 3
166 matches/13003
![Page 10: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Richard Harding’s y-chromosome group
One step mutation of one of his STR’s: Top matches for each mutation:
West Norway (2ce)
Oslo
Puglia (followed by Central Norway)
Vasterbotten, Sweden
Uppsala
Denmark
No mutation, top matches:
Ostgotland-Jonköping, Sweden and Gröningen, Friesland: ~8% of men have a match.
![Page 11: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Population Viking ancestry: admixture approaches
More secure at population level (≥20 people)Volunteer selection and the problem of modern population movements2 generation and old surname based selection criteriaCompare distributions of y-chromosome types –“Admixture analysis”Resolution of the method is improving all the time
![Page 12: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Part 1: Wirral & West Lancs
Bowden et al. (2008) Excavating past population structures by surname-based sampling: the genetic legacy of the Vikings in northwest England. Molecular Biology and Evolution
![Page 13: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
‘Medieval’ samples differ from ‘moderns’
p=0.006 p=0.026
Population differentiation test
‘Modern’ samples
![Page 14: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Viking admixture results
Increases in ‘medieval’ samples
p>0.05 p<0.05
‘Modern’ samples
![Page 15: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Part 2: N. Lancashire, Cumbria and N. Yorks
![Page 16: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
… and seeking improved control data from Scandinavia
![Page 17: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
1 generation data – Norway in 1942
![Page 18: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
… is it possible to get improved control data from Scandinavia
Berit’s paper is one generation only: “Norway in 1942”Can we use something similar to patrilineal surnames in Britain to get a more “Medieval” data setSo what do we do?Norway: suggest targetting 3 coastal sites, 3 inland sitesDenmark: Jutland, ZealandSweden: Skåne
![Page 19: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Viking genes in northern England project€¦ · Viking genes in Northern England project Part 1 - Wirral and West Lancashire (2002-2007) – results published February 2008 in Molecular](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062607/602212ac66b71f285a4fddd8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Analysed mtDNA and Y markers, and used admixture approachClose to home, male and female proportions similar, so family-based settlementFurther afield, male-biased settlementMost biased in Iceland
Goodacre et al. 2005