Vikasana – Bridge Course · PDF fileSimple Present Tense Vikasana – Bridge Course...

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

VOICEVOICE

Voice is the form of a verb.A verb has different forms. Passive form is A verb has different forms. Passive form is one of them. (‘be’ + Ven ) form of the verb is the passive form. All other forms of the the passive form. All other forms of the verbs are in active voice

Two type of voicesTwo type of voicesTwo type of voicesTwo type of voices

Active voice Passive voiceVikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Active Voice Form

If the subject is the doer of the

action action,

i.e. if the subject is active, then the

sentence is said to be in Active Voice.


Subject Verb Object

The man is cutting the tree.

Subject is the doer of the action.


Passive VoicePassive Voice

Wh th bj t i t d i th When the subject is not doing the

action, i.e. when the subject is act o , e e t e subject s

passive, then the sentence is said

to be in passive voice.


Subject Verb ObjectSubject Verb Object

by the manis being cutThe tree

Subject is not the doer of the actionSubject is not the doer of the action.


The boyThe boy carriedcarried the girlthe girl Active VoiceActive VoiceThe boy The boy carriedcarried the girl.the girl. Active VoiceActive VoiceThe boy = subjectcarried = verbcarried = verbthe girl = object of the verb Who carried?Who carried? ‘The boy’ – subject of the sentence


Active ‐ Passive Voice – Example 2

Th i l i d b th b P i V iThe girl was carried by the boy. Passive VoiceThe girl = subjectwas carried = verb by = prepositionwas carried verb by prepositionthe boy = object of the preposition ‘by’Who carried? N t ‘Th i l’ th bj t= Not ‘The girl’, the subject, but ‘the boy’, the object


Read the following sentences‐1 Varun tells a story 2 Krishna laughs 1. Varun tells a story. 2. Krishna laughs. 2. In sentence 1, the verb has an object .

It i t iti bIt is a transitive verb.In sentence 2, the verb has no object.

bIt is an intransitive verbAlways remember: Only transitive verbs havetwo voices. Intransitive verbs cannot be

Changed into passive voiceVikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Subject ( Doer ) + Verb + Object

subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle) + by + object


Active-Passive Voice – change 1

The subject of the Active sentence becomes the object of sentence becomes the object of the preposition in the Passive sentencesentence


Active Passive Voice change 2The object of the verb in the

Active-Passive Voice – change 2

Active sentence becomes the

subject of the Passive sentence.


Active-Passive Voice – change 3Active-Passive Voice – change 3

The Active form of the verb in

Active sentence is changed into Active sentence is changed into

the Passive form of the verb in

Passive sentence.Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Form of Passive Voice VerbsForm of Passive Voice VerbsForm of Passive Voice VerbsForm of Passive Voice VerbsThe passive voice requires a "double verb"

I linking verbI. linking verb

Am is AreWWas were Be being been

II.The main verb in the form of past participle


Often Passive Voice Sentences Often Passive Voice Sentences Often Passive Voice Sentences Often Passive Voice Sentences will contain a “by” phrase will contain a “by” phrase indicating who or what indicating who or what indicating who or what indicating who or what performed the actionperformed the action


Active - Passive Voice – Change 5Active Voice

IPassive Voice

By me

PronounsWeYou

yBy usBy you

HeShe

y yBy himBy her

ItThey

yBy itBy them

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012y y

Example‐1

Rajesh wrote a letterRajesh wrote a letter

RajeshA letter Was written by


Active‐Passive Voice – note 1

He cooks food Active VoiceHe cooks food. Active Voice‘food’ – object of the verb –singular

Food is cooked by him. Passive Voice‘Food’ – subject of the passive sentence j‘is cooked’ –verb-‘food’-singular - ‘is’- singular


When the subject of a When the subject of a

sentence is singular, g ,

the verb must also be in

singular


A i P i V i t 2Active‐Passive Voice – note 2

When the subject of a sentence is Plural,

the verb of that sentence must be Plural:


E.g. He carried some books. ‐Active voice ‘some books’ ‐ object of the verb in Active voice‐PluralPluralSome books were carried by him. Passive Voice ‘ i d’ bwere carried – verb–‘books’ –Plural ‘were’ plural


Active‐Passive Voice ‐ note 3

She has signed ten letters Active VoiceShe has signed ten letters. Active Voice‘She’ – subject; - singular‘has’–part of the verb –singularhas –part of the verb –singular‘ten letters’–object of the verb in Active – plural Ten letters havehave been signed by her- Passive e e e s a ea e bee s g ed by e ass e‘Ten letters’ – subject – plural; ‘have been signed’- verb –‘have’ -- plural


Change of Voice According To TenseChange of Voice According To Tense

TenseTense Active Voice Active Voice Passive VoicePassive VoiceSi l Si l A /I /A /I / A A Simple Simple PresentPresent •• TakeTake/ / TakesTakes •• Am/Is/Am/Is/ Are Are

takentakenPresent Present Continuous Continuous

•• AmAm //Is /Are Is /Are takingtaking

•• Am/Is /Are Am/Is /Are being takenbeing taken

Present Present PerfectPerfect

•• Has/Have Has/Have takentaken

•• Has /Have Has /Have been takenbeen taken


TenseTense Active VoiceActive Voice Passive VoicePassive VoiceTenseTense Active VoiceActive Voice Passive VoicePassive Voice

Simple PastSimple Past •• TookTook •• Was /Were Was /Were kkSimple PastSimple Past TookTook takentaken

Past Past •• Was/Was/ Were Were •• Was/Were Was/Were Continuous Continuous takingtaking being takenbeing taken

Past Past •• Had been Had been Past Past PerfectPerfect •• Had takenHad taken Had been Had been

takentaken


T nsT ns Active VoiceActive Voice Passive VoicePassive VoiceTenseTense Active VoiceActive Voice Passive VoicePassive VoiceSimple Simple •• Will/Shall be Will/Shall be S p eS p eFuture Future (will/shall)(will/shall)

•• Will/Shall takeWill/Shall takeWill/Shall be Will/Shall be

takentaken

Future Future PerfectPerfect •• Will haveWill have takentaken

•• Will have been Will have been

t k t k PerfectPerfect taken taken


Simple Present TenseSimple Present Tense

She bakes bread Active VoiceShe bakes bread. Active Voice‘bakes’– verb – Simple Present TenseBread is baked by herBread is baked by her.Passive Voice‘is baked’ – verb –is baked verb Simple Present Tense


Present Continuous Tense He is building a sand castle.‘is building’ verb present continuous tenseis building –verb–present continuous tense ACTIVE VOICE FORMA sand castle is being built by himA sand castle is being built by him.‘is being built’ – verb –present continuous tensepresent continuous tensePASSIVE VOICE FORM


Present Perfect Tense

He has drawn a picture.‘has drawn’– verb –present perfect tense ACTIVE VOICE

A picture has been drawn by him. ‘has been drawn’ verbhas been drawn – verb –present perfect tensePASSIVE VOICE

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012PASSIVE VOICE

Present Perfect Continuous TensePresent Perfect Continuous Tense

Note : Note : Sentences in Perfect C ti T & F t Continuous Tenses & Future Continuous Tense are not used in Passive Voice


Simple Past Tense

She told a secret. Active Voice‘t ld’ b i l t t‘told’ – verb – simple past tense

A secret was told by herA secret was told by her. Passive Voice‘was told’ – verb – simple past tense

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012was told verb simple past tense

Past Continuous Tense

The postman was delivering the postThe postman was delivering the post. ‘was delivering’-verb-Past Continuous TenseACTIVE VOICE FORMACTIVE VOICE FORM

The post was being delivered by the postman. g y‘was being delivered’ – verb – Past continuousPASSIVE VOICE FORM


Past Perfect Tense

She had eaten several peas before she offeredShe had eaten several peas before she offered him any.‘had eaten’–verb–past perfect tense– Activehad eaten verb past perfect tense Active

Several peas had been eaten by her before sheSeveral peas had been eaten by her before she offered him any. ‘had been eaten’–verb–past perfect tense – Passive Voice

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012p

Simple Future TenseSimple Future Tense

Th ill i th bThey will give the beggar some money. ‘will give’ -- verb -- simple future tense –Active VoiceActive Voice

The beggar will be given some money by them. ‘will be given’ -- verb --simple future tense – Passive Voice


Future Perfect Tense

Sh ill h tit h d t d bSham will have stitched two dresses by 12 o’ clock. ‘will have stitched’ – verb –future perfect tense Active voicefuture perfect tense – Active voiceBy 12 o’ clock two dresses will have been stitched by Sham ‘will have beenstitched by Sham. will have been stitched’ – verb – future perfect tense –Passive voice


Passive voice of modal verbsPassive voice of modal verbs

Construction of the passive voice:

Subject +modal verb +be+ main verb (past participle) + by + object


Modal Verbs- Examples

eg.1. Suprita can speak English. Active VoiceEnglish can be spoken by Suprita. Passive voice

2. You should respect your parents. Active Voice Your parents should be respected by you. Passive Voice


Active Passive Voice note 1Active‐Passive Voice – note 1

We use ‘With’ (not ‘by’) to talkWe use ‘With’ (not ‘by’) to talk

about an instrument used by the about an instrument used by the agent


e.g. The hunter shot the deer with an arrow. Active VoiceActive Voice

The deer was shot with an arrow by the hunter. Passive VoicePassive Voice

‘an arrow’ – an instrument – preposition ‘with’‘a hunter’ -- an agent -- preposition ‘by’

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012a hunter an agent preposition by

Active-Passive Voice – note 2Active Passive Voice note 2

Wh th t bj t f th b iWhen there are two objects of the verb in the active voice sentence, we can change th t ti t i t i ithat active sentence into passive voice in two ways :


note 2 Examplenote 2 Examplepp

e.g. The teacher teaches you a lesson. Active g y‘you’ – object of the verb /

‘a lesson’ – object of the verb j(A) You are taught a lesson by the teacher.

passive Voicep(B) A lesson is taught to you by the teacher.

Passive VoiceVikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Active-Passive Voice -- note 3

When the doer of the action is either obvious e e doe o e ac o s e e ob ousor unknown or immaterial, it is often not mentioned in the passive voice.

e.g. The cook made me an omelette.Active VoiceAn omelette was made for me.Passive Voice


Exercise Exercise –– 11Ten People____ (kill) and twenty ____ Ten People____ (kill) and twenty ____

(i j ) i h d lli i b (i j ) i h d lli i b (injure) in a head on collision between (injure) in a head on collision between

a van and a truck last Sunday The a van and a truck last Sunday The a van and a truck last Sunday. The a van and a truck last Sunday. The

driver of the truck____ (arrest) for driver of the truck____ (arrest) for

rash driving.rash driving.Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Exercise Exercise –– 11Ten People Ten People were killed were killed and twenty and twenty were were

injured injured in a head on collision between a in a head on collision between a

van and a truck last Sunday van and a truck last Sunday van and a truck last Sunday. van and a truck last Sunday.

The driver of the truck The driver of the truck was arrestedwas arrested

for rash driving. for rash driving.


Exercise Exercise –– 22Exercise Exercise 22Do you know how coffee is made ?Do you know how coffee is made ?

First Milk____ (boil). Then First Milk____ (boil). Then

D ti ( i ) ith h t ilk D ti ( i ) ith h t ilk Decoction____ (mix) with hot milk. Decoction____ (mix) with hot milk.

Finally, sugar (add) to lessen the Finally, sugar (add) to lessen the F y, g ____ ( )F y, g ____ ( )

bitterness bitterness Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Exercise Exercise –– 22Exercise Exercise –– 22Do you know how coffee is made ?Do you know how coffee is made ?

First Milk First Milk is boiled.is boiled. Then Decoction Then Decoction

d d h h lk F ll h h lk F ll is mixedis mixed with hot milk. Finally, sugar with hot milk. Finally, sugar

is addedis added to lessen the bitterness to lessen the bitterness is addedis added to lessen the bitterness to lessen the bitterness


let + subject +be (not) +past participlelet + subject +be (not) +past participleActive : Shut the door.Passive : Let the door be shutPassive : Let the door be shut.

Active : Kindly help him.Passive : You are requested to help him.


Passive Voice Interrogative Sentences

Who teaches you English?Active VoiceBy whom are you taught English?Passive VoiceDid they invite you? Active VoiceWere you invited by them?Passive voice


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