Vigo County Drug CourtAssessment

ISU Summer Research Experience 2013

Research Limitations

o Data self-reportedo Data availabilityo Criminal history datao Personnel changes during the study

periodo No comparison group

2007 NPC Report

• January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2004• 188 participants: 94 graduates, 78

terminated & 11 active • 24 month follow-up for recidivism

GENERAL FINDINGS

ISU 2013 StudyParticipant Data

ISU 2013 Study Study Population: 259 participantsResearch Period: January 1, 2008-December 31, 2010.

NPC 2007 ReportNPC 2007 Study Population: 188 participantsNPC 2007 Research Period: January 1, 2002 – December 31, 2004

ISU 2013 StudyParticipants by Gender

Men Women0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

NPC 2007 Report

ISU 2013 Study

N=259

ISU 2013 StudyParticipants by Race

White Black Other0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Race 2007 NPC Report

White Black Hispanic Other0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

Race 2013 ISU Report

ISU 2013 StudyParticipants by Age

NPC 2007 Mean: 33 Years OldMedian: 31 Years OldRange: 18-56

ISU 2013Mean: 32.9 Years Old Median: 30 Years OldRange: 18-60

ISU 2013 StudyParticipants by Drug of Choice

Alcohol; 38%

Cocaine; 5%

Metham-phetamine; 38%

Marijuana; 18%

NPC 2007 Report

Alcohol; 70%Cocaine; 2%

Methamphetamine; 14%

Marijuana; 8%Prescription Drugs; 6%

ISU 2013 Report

N=188 N=131

ISU 2013 StudyParticipants by Primary Charge

Forgery1%

Theft/Conversion1%

Poss. Cocaine2% Dealing Marijuana

3% Poss. Precursor3%

Prescription Fraud4%

Poss. Controlled Substance

8%

Poss. Marijuana9%

Poss. Metham-

phetamine14%

OVWI54%

ForgeryTheft/ConversionPoss. CocaineDealing MarijuanaPoss. PrecursorPrescription FraudPoss. Controlled SubstancePoss. MarijuanaPoss. MethamphetamineOVWI

ISU 2013 StudyParticipants by Primary Charge

A small number of charges involved dealing offenses.

• Dealing Marijuana (6) • Dealing Cocaine (1)• Dealing Methamphetamine (1)

ISU 2013 StudyTime between Arrest, Plea and Exit*

Median number of days between arrest date and date of plea agreement.

N=214

78 DaysMedian number of days between plea agreement

date and exit date.N=229

748 Days*Data reliability concerns

ISU 2013 StudyParticipant Graduation

Graduated Unsuccessful Still Active Overall Retention0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

NPC 2007 ISU 2013

ISU 2013 StudyParticipant Retention Rate

Graduated Unsuccessful Still Active Overall Retention Rate

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

NPC 2007ISU 2013

ISU 2013 STUDYCHARACTERISTICS OF VCDC GRADUATES

GenderMilitary StatusEmployment Income

ISU 2013 StudyThe Successful Participant

• Successful Participant is defined as a graduate of the Vigo County Drug Court program.– A successful graduate MAY OR MAY NOT have had

additional sanctions or arrests placed upon them DURING their time in the program.

– Successful graduate means they completed all necessary requirements.

ISU 2013 StudyGender and VCDC Success

Overall Participation by Gender

Of the 259 participants, 188 or 73% of VCDC participants were men.

Seventy (70) or 27% of VCDC participants were women.*

*For one participant, this information was missing or unavailable.

VCDC Graduates by Gender

112

46

Gender & Graduation

Men Women

N=158

ISU 2013 StudyDoes Gender Matter?

During the study period:• 59.6% of male program participants

graduated from VCDC.• 65.7% of female program participants

graduated from VCDC.NPC 2007 Data did not include information on success based upon gender.6.9% of the men were still active & 2.9% of the women were active

ISU 2013 StudyMilitary Status and VCDC Success

  No Yes Missing

Terminated 70 9 6

Successful 125 18 15

Active 13 3 0

ISU 2013 StudyMilitary Status

• 67% Prior Military- Graduated Successfully• Prior Military Status COULD BE PLAUSIBLE

explanation in terms of rate of success.– No significant literature found on this subject.

11.30%

79.10%

9.50%

Military Experience and Successful Participants

Military Experience Yes Military Experience No Military Experience Missing

ISU 2013 StudyParticipant Employment

• Holding any type of employment/enrolled in school- 55.7% successful

  Frequency Percent

None 129 50Part-Time 41 16Full-Time 80 31Student 4 2Missing 5 1

Total 259 100

N=259

ISU 2013 StudyEmployment at Enrollment

VCDC Graduates

Status Frequency Percentage

No Employment 67 42%

Part-Time 24 15%

Full-Time 61 39%

Student 3 2%

Missing 3 2%

67

24

61

3 3

Employment Status

No Employment Part-Time Full-Time Student Missing

N=158

ISU 2013 StudyParticipant Employment

• Employment CAN BE CONSIDERED significant in terms of rate of success.

• Program graduates are more likely to be of higher socioeconomic status– Including steady employment

• Gliksman, L., Newton-Taylor, & Patra, J. (2009). Toronto Drug Treatment Court: Participant Intake Characteristics as Predictors of "Successful" Program Completion. Journal of Drug Issues, 39(4), 965-987.

• Hartley , R. E., & Phillips, R. C. (2001). "Who graduates from drug courts?" Correlates of client success. 26(1), 107-119.

ISU 2013 StudyParticipant Income

Total Participants- Income Frequency

ISU 2013 StudyParticipant Income

• Income CAN BE CONSIDERED significant in terms of rate of success. – $30,000+ Participants who exited VCDC during study period - 85% Successful– Employment/Income= Likelihood of successful completion

• Schiff, M., & Terry, W. C. (1997). Predicting graduation from Broward County's dedicated drug court treatment court. Justice System Journal, 19, 291-310.

Income Frequency % of 158 Successful$0-4999 68 43

$5000-9999 13 8$10000-14999 16 10$15000-19999 9 6$20000-24999 14 9$25000-29999 7 4

$30000+ 29 18Missing 2 1.3

Total 158 100

ISU 2013 STUDYTHE UNSUCCESSFUL PARTICIPANT

AgeInsuranceEducationDrug of Choice

ISU 2013 StudyImpact of Age on Success

Age of Unsuccessful Participants

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 35 37 38 39 40 42 43 44 45 46 47 49 530

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

ISU 2013 StudyImpact of Age on Success

• Specifically, older clients are more likely to complete treatment with positive outcomes than are younger clients in rural areas. (Mateyoke-Scrivner, 2004)– Mateyoke-Scrivner, A., Webster, J., Staton, M., & Leukefeld, C. (2004). Treatment Retention Predictors

of Drug Court Participants in a Rural State. American Journal Of Drug & Alcohol Abuse, 30(3), 605-625.

ISU 2013 StudyInsurance and Success

Not Insured73%

Insured15%

Missing12%

Not InsuredInsuredMissing

Unsuccessful

Not Insured55%

Insured36%

Missing9%

Not Insured

Insured

Missing

Successful

ISU 2013 StudyUnsuccessful Participants

Missing

Bachelor's Degree

Associates Degree

High School /GED

No High School

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Education Level

N = 85

ISU 2013 StudyEducation Level and Success

• This study found that education could be a positive factor like employment. – (Hartley and Phillips, 2001)

• Hartley, R.E., & Phillips, R.C. (2001). Who graduates from Drug Courts? Correlates of client success. American Journal of Criminal Justice: AJCJ, 26(1), 107-119

• Education/Vocational resources enhanced retention and assisted participants in becoming financially independent. – (Mateyoke-Scrivner et at., 2004)

• Mateyoke-Scrivner, A., Webster, J., Staton, M., & Leukefeld, C. (2004). Treatment Retention Predictors of Drug Court Participants in a Rural State. American Journal Of Drug & Alcohol Abuse, 30(3), 605-625.

ISU 2013 StudyDrug of Choice

Alcohol46%

Marijuana13%Co

caine3%

Prescription

Drugs5%

Methamphetamine33%

Terminated Participants Successful Participants

Alcohol77%

Marijuana6%

Cocaine3%

Prescription Drugs

8%

Methamphetamine6%

ISU 2013 StudyRecidivism

• Recidivism Definition– New charges filed in the State of Indiana after

the date of initial participation.

• Recidivism information designated as – During VCDC program participation– After VCDC program participation• Criminal History Information collected June 30, 2013

– 2.5 year period

ISU 2013 StudyParticipant Recidivism

New Charge during participation

New charge after participation

No charge during or after participation

Missing

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

GraduateTerminated

2013 ISU StudyVCDC Program Graduates

New Charge during partic-

ipation15%

New charge af-ter participa-

tion21%

No charge dur-ing or after

participation63%

Missing1%N=158

Recidivism Rates of VCDC Program Graduates

ISU 2013 StudyUnsuccessful Participants

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%

0.46

0.27 0.25

0.02

Recidivism Rates of Unsuccessful VCDC Participants

N=85

ISU 2013 StudyParticipant Recidivism

New Charge during participation

New charge after participation

No charge during or after participation

Missing

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

GraduateTerminated

ISU 2013 StudyComparison of Recidivism Rates

VCDC Program Graduates

ISU 2013 Study• 21% Post-Graduation Recidivism Rate

2007 NPC Study• 7% Post-Graduation Recidivism Rate8

National Institutes of Justice Multi-Site Survey• 52% National Recidivism Rate Average

– Researchers used the FBI Criminal Database, which gave all arrest nationally.

RECOMMENDATIONS

ISU 2013 StudyRecommendations

• Standardizing information• Improving education and employment– May include investigation of education level and

employment status upon graduation/termination

• Evaluating shift to alcohol-related addiction and charges.