· Web viewWhen hearing the word hydrogen, the link with efficient, environmental friendly...

Sources of Innovation H2 November 2006

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1

INTRODUCTION 3

HYDROGEN 4

Present situation 4

Hydrogen 4

Hydrogen applications 5Fuel Cells 5

CHOICE OF SCENARIO 7

Demographical view on Amsterdam in the year 2005 7

Population composition 7

Types of families 7

CHOICE OF INNOVATION TECHNIQUES 10

A. Lead user analysis 10

B. Platform Driven Innovation 14

C. Technological Road Map 15

D. Design and styling 16The carver 19The round chair 20The BMW C1 20

TECHNICAL ASPECTS 22Sensorred controlled road mapping 22WLAN connected cars 22Automatic parking 22Fuel Cells (FC’s) 23H2 Fuel Stack 25Existing urban FC-powered vehicle 25Steering the H2 26The roof 27Slide chair 27

FINAL RESULTS 27

TECHNICAL DRAWINGS 29

CONCLUSION 30

REFERENCES 31

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IntroductionThis report presents the results of the project Sources of Innovation.The main goal of this project is to create an innovative vehicle using hydrogen as its fuel. The city of Amsterdam has been chosen to be the environment where our vehicle will be introduced. Amsterdam is a crowded city with lots of pollution, thus an interesting market for a vehicle on hydrogen technology. During this project an innovative vehicle on hydrogen technology is created with the help of four innovative techniques. Leaduser studies are made, platform driven innovation is implemented, innovative design and styling and technology roadmapping is applied. All these innovative theories combined made the H2. H2 is the name of the innovative vehicle that is created in this project. SolidWorks models and renders will give more insight in the vehicle that has been designed.

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Hydrogen

Present situationIn the year 2006, more fuel is being used then ever. Thanks to upcoming economies like China and India the usage level will only rise for the next decades, with damageable causes attached to it. Another problem with this usage is that the earth’s natural fuel supplies are draining rapidly (figure 1)The air quality in the Netherlands is very low in certain crowded towns (see figure 2).

Figuur 1 – Fuel reserves

Figuur 1 – Air pollution graph in the Netherlands

HydrogenWhen hearing the word hydrogen, the link with efficient, environmental friendly traffic is often made. This is the reason why large global attention is being payed to it. Hydrogen can be used in ICE (Internal Combustion Engines), but real efficiency can be made when using fuel cells. These FC’s or in full development at the moment, but they are still too expensive to be a serious competitor with the present ICE’s. Because Hydrogen is the lightest of al gasses, it has a very low energy-density. Therefore it is necessary to compress the gas under high pressure or liquefy it to be able to store it in meaningful quantities.

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Hydrogen itself isn’t a primary energy source, but an energy vector. Hydrogen is created by electrolyzing water or by distracting it from other fuels; energy is needed to create hydrogen. Hydrogen is therefore the result of energy input, like a loaded battery.The great advantage of this storage ability is to concentrate the pollution of creating energy on places where the air pollution can be controlled, by filtering it or limiting the emission of gasses. Another advantage is the ability to store energy gained from natural resources like the sun, and using that energy in mobile units like cars. Now it is possible to ‘make’ your own energy at home, to store it, and use it to refuel your car!Therefore, hydrogen is called the energy source of the future.

Hydrogen applications

Fuel Cells

The basic principle of the FC has been invented back in 1838, by the German scientist Christian Friedrich Schonbein. The fist FC has made in 1843. FC’s can double the efficiency of present cars while declining air pollution. In the near future the world will have to make a huge energy switch, people have to switch from fossil fuel to another energy source: hydrogen. This fact will lead the world to what know as the hydrogen economy.Many people don’t like this idea: hydrogen is known as highly explosive, thus dangerous. This attitude creates a problem for implementing this new energy source. On top of that there are other barriers that would make the implementation more difficult: political, economical and technological barriers. The entire world is rusted (see figure 3) in the fossil fuel economie. The current situation has many malicious results like air pollution, the dependence on oil and global warming.

These disadvantages can be strongly reduced when using hydrogen:- Air pollution as a result of

exhaust will be eliminated, the only product is water

- No more dependency on the oil-production in the Middle East.

- Hydrogen can be produced in everyplace when water and electricity is available, even at home.

How does a FC workInside a FC hydrogen reacts with oxygen, resulting in water, electricity and heat. But there are different kinds of FC’s (figure 4). Because of its size,

efficiency and operating temperature the PEMFC is chosen for this project. Many projects are running developing PEMFC’s, making them cheaper, smaller and more efficient.

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Figuur 3 - Verdeling energiebronnen in de VS.


Figuur 4 - Different kinds of FC's

Figuur 5 - Chemische reactie FC

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Choice of scenarioWe wanted to create something that would make traveling in a city easier and cleaner. Amsterdam seemed to be the perfect environment to implement a new means of transportation for the following reasons:

- great variety of transport already (trams, tubes, (hydro)busses, cars, bikes and even boats)- great liberty of thinking- the presence of a large target group (young working-class people)

So now the scenario is fixed, the other characteristics that are relevant to this project are described in the paragraphs below.

Demographical view on Amsterdam in the year 2005Population: +/- 740.000Number of nationalities: 173Alachtonous population: 45% (rest of Holland 18 %)Amsterdam is a politically left orientated city. This show in the number of liberals in the city council and the number of left voting people.Amsterdam is a tolerant city, and has been since the rulers of the 17th and 18th century kept the pastors in control, and so left Catholics, different protestants, Jews and freethinkers a freedom unknown in those times.Large groups of immigrants, now and then, used this freedom and so contributed to the economic and cultural growth of Amsterdam. This freedom of thinking en doing makes Amsterdam a great place to introduce a new, environmental friendly way of transport.

Population compositionIn the year 2005, Amsterdam counted 734.000 inhabitants (table 1). Since a few years this number is slowly rising and shall continue to do so in the next years to come. This growth of population is mainly caused by the birth excess and foreign establishment. More and more inhabitants of A’dam are living in modern ways of living: they are single, live together (with or without kids) or in single parent families.Typical for the population is the lack of people aging, in the rest of the Netherlands this is the case. In special the age group around 30 years old is largely overrepresented in A’dam.

Table 1 – Population in Amsterdam

1300: 1000 1400: 3000 1500: 12.000 1600: 60.000 1650: 140.000 1796: 200.600 1830: 202.400 1849: 224.000

1879: 317.000 1899: 510.900 1925: 714.200 1963: 870.000 1984: 680.000 1999: 727.000 2005: 742.000 2006: 744.736

Amsterdam has a so-called metropolitan population, with the following demographical characteristics:There are relatively many 25-39 aged people, who moved to the city to work or study;There are relatively many one parent families;There are relatively few families with children;There are relatively few 0-19 aged people;The number of 65+ people is relatively low and is declining;The number of people from ethnic minorities is relatively high.

Types of familiesThere are around 400.000 households situated in Amsterdam. More then half of them are single living people. These single living people make up for 1/3 of the entire population of A’dam. The total number of housholds has grown for the last couple of years and will continue to do so in the years to come. (source: Wikipedia)Therefore the number of single living people will grow.

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The average living time in one housing unit per person is low, the number of people living on an address shortly is very high.Considering the crowdedness, pollution and parking problems in the city there will be a market for an environmental-friendly, urban transport vehicle. Because there are a lot of single living people, this vehicle can be small in size. Figure 6 and 7 give us a view on Amsterdam, with the types of transportation, the demographic characteristics and other aspects like crowdedness, pollution and freedom.

Figuur 6 - Collage of Amsterdam

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Figuur 7 – Characteristics of A’dam

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Choice of innovation techniques

The main goal of this project is to develop a concept for a future way of traveling using hydro-energy. To get to this concept we it was instructed that four types of innovation techniques given in the Sources of Innovation courses ought to be used. Two of these techniques had to be used, namely Lead User Study and Platform Driven Innovation. A lead user study is very important: it gives insight in the mind of the consumer, and helps you optimize the product. The platform driven innovation technique was useful in making decisions what techniques should be combined to come to an innovative and complete product.The innovation techniques that were chosen by this particular project were Design & Styling and Technological Road Map. Design and Styling is a way of looking at other products that are relevant to a design project and learn of their solutions and shapes. The Technological Roadmap is used to estimate what combinations of techniques are possible on a specific time in the future. The four chosen innovation techniques are worked out in the following paragraphs.

A. Lead user analysis

It is critical to know what the consumer actually wants, especially in a project like this. This understanding of the user is of great importance for the market implementation: a project that does not fit the needs of the consumer won’t be easily accepted and therefore won’t be sold.But this is not the only reason why lead users are of great importance during a design process, they can also add value while searching for solutions. These users can also be used during the concept and prototype tests. Doing so, you get usable and trustworthy feedback during the actual design process itself. Lead users of a novel ore enhanced product are defined as those who display two characteristics with respect to it:

- Lead users face needs that will be general in a market place - but face themmonths or years before the bulk of that marketplace encounters them, and

- Lead users are positioned to benefit significantly by obtaining a solution tothose needs.

(G.L. Urban, E. von Hippel, Lead Users analyses for the development of New Industrial Products, June 1986):

Lead users voldoen aan de volgende twee karakteristieke eigenschappen (G.L. Urban, E. von Hippel, Lead Users analyses for the development of New Industrial Products, June 1986):

1) Specifiy Lead User indicators

A. Find market trend and related measures It is considered a fact that young, highly educated youngsters move to the great cities to start a career. This is also the case with Amsterdam, as is specified from research considering the capital of the Netherlands. From this same research was derived that cities tend to get more crowded and are getting more and filthier. In a city like A’dam, especially the main centre, individual motorized traffic is almost impossible.Still it is very convenient to have your own mobile transportation, for instance when one does not wish to rely on (often crowded) trams or tubes, or wants to get some groceries or just want to move comfortably trough the city. The people who have the most advantage by a new individual transport system are those who actually live and/or work in the city centre.

B. Define measures of potential benefit

People that actually take part in innovations are those who benefit the most when actually realizing an innovation, these persons are specified as Lead Users.

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Persons which are actively searching and using new ways of cleaner traveling are potential lead users consider the hybrid urban transport vehicle.Examples:

- Users of reclining bicycles : people who aren’t afraid to use an unusual way of transportation, who want to try new thing when proved efficient.

- Seqway users : people who aren’t afraid to use an unusual way of transportation, who want to try things that are new and special, not necessarily efficient.

- Hybrid car users like the Toyota Prius: Environmental coordinated people who still want or need to use motorized ways of transportation.

- Users and producers of FC-driven transportation : People who see perspective in hydro-energy and like to contribute in the development of this technique.

- Users and producers of the Carver : People who like to use and/or develop new ways of transportation. Fun is a big issue for them.

- Users and producers of the BMW C!: People who like to move in individual motorized transportation, which are not common (a motor scooter with a roof). They like practical products and solutions.

- But also Industrial Designers : Innovative people, who actively take place in the trends which are alive in society, and are open for change. They have a critical look at yet-to-develop products.

Another way of measuring potential benefit for a new transport product is looking at user dissatisfaction considering the present ways of transport.Public transport often is blamed for the restriction of freedom for the user, the high prizes and crowdedness. Furthermore it’s annoying to be dependent on others, for instance a train can be delayed, which is a non-influential factor and can lead to annoyance. The complaints often heard with regard to car usage, especially in crowded cities, are the options to park. These options are often expensive and hard to find. High fuel prices, stench and noise are other cons heard for car usage.Another important group of users are those who actually live.work/study in the city centre of Amsterdam or another busy, big city.

2) Identify lead user group

- Parking Hollegien states he uses reserved parking space while working, so parking and work is not a big issue. But when he needs a public parking space, that are actually positioned in the city centre, he must pay at least € 3,20 an hour. Parking for a day will cost you € 35,-. Just outside the centre, like the Amsterdam Arena, parking fees are € 1,90 an hour, but public transportation is needed to get in the city centre. According to Hollegien this is time-consuming, and the extra costs of the public transportation will minimize the parking fee advantage with respect to the fees payed in the city centre.Closer research shows that there are in fact parking lots that pay two public transport tickets, and where parking fees are € 5,50 a day. But these facilities are postioned outside the centre and are not suitable for people who want to shop or work/study in the city.When asked if Hollegien can find free parking spaces in the centre quickly he answers with a no: especially on busy shopping days there is almost no free space at all.

- Speed of reaching your final destinationCar parks are generally well approachable, but not ideal when one wants to visit a place in the city with a purposeful goal. He means to say they are often not near the actual places he wants to visit. He also emphasizes that car parks and parking space is to expensive.

- Usage of functions/qualities of the carHollegien momentarily drives a Volkswagen Golf, he thinks driving a small car in a city like Amsterdam has his advantages, mainly with regard to parking it is much easier in use than let’s say a SUV. During daily car usage he often carries a briefcase, a laptop and some groceries. He doesn’t need a lot of luggage space while driving in A’dam. He also says that he intensively used his navigation system to help him find the quickest routes.

- Improvements (of functions) on the car

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He would like to park his car more easily while paying less. He wouldn’t like a smaller car, because he sometimes moves passengers, and he feels saver in a bigger car while driving on a highway.

- FC-powered carsHollegien thinks it is a good initiative to develop environmental friendly urban means of transport. When doing so, he want the following aspects to be well thought off:- safety- easy of refilling- must not be more costly in buying, maintaining and usage- engine capacity must be good- the vehicle should be coveredFurthermore he says to be interested in the implementation of hydrogen in vehicles. He sees it as a great pro when hydro-powered vehicles are allowed to move further up in the centre then common ICE cars. The creating of a cleaner environment in Amsterdam, especially the air quality, is also of great value to him.

3) Generate concept with the lead user

Parking problems in the inner-city should be dealt with, the few and expensive possibilities should be improved on way or another by the use of a new vehicle. The shape and design should be attractive and trendy, to make the product acceptable for the target group (people in the age of 20-40). Those people do not want to be seen in elderly cars. The model needs to represent speed. The shape should also show the innovative side of the concept: people who drive a FV-vehicle want to show this face to others. Furthermore, the vehicle should not be to slow, it doesn’t have to be able to break the speed limit by far, but it should be able to accelerate quite rapidly. The ways of thinking described above resulted in the following sketches and ideas, which have been evaluated by our lead user, Ewout Hollegien.

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Sketches and Ideas

Figure 8 – Sketches show to the lead user

Lead user conclusionThe shape that appealed the most to Hollegien were those placed in the top of figure 8.The parking solution seemed very clever to Hollegien, although steering the car seemed an issue to him. The idea of WLAN-connected cars appealed to him, but he stated that a user must always be able to control his own vehicle. Controlling using a controller instead of a steering wheel is fun and amplifies the feeling of driving an innovative vehicle.

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B. Platform Driven InnovationSix component fields (fuels, engines, environment detectors, chairs, operations and get on board properties) are diverged in different solutions. These solutions consist of standard components which are then combined in different product platforms, which on their turn are divided in different product family concepts. Two of these concepts are then put on the market, but not simultaneous.

Figure 9 – Platform Driven Innovation schedule

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C. Technological Road Map

[1769] – First steam-powered road vehicle[1807] – First car running on hydrogen and oxygen[1820] – Steam powered stage coaches[1835] – First battery charged electrical car[1858] – Eerste auto op kolengas[1864] – Eerste op benzine rijdende auto[1900] – First four cilinder four trap engine

The development of the car started back in 1769. The first hydrogen-powered car was developed in 1807! For the reason the evolution of the car was left out of the Technology Road Map, the TRM is rather used to show the development of hydrogen cars since 2000 and up to 2010. In this TRM, different techniques are displayed and put together where they form a product on a specific place in the timeline.

Table 2 - Technological Road map

The green lines in the TRM-graph display the time technique represented is ready for mass-production usage.

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D. Design and styling

Associative productsTo define the shape and styling of the concept, you can watch relevant or competing products and take that knowledge with you to design your own, new product. This process is described in figure 10.

Figuur 10 – The Design & Styling process

Products, relevant and competing to the hydroproject, were searched to make a Design and Styling study. The products found are displayed in figure 11 and 12.

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Figure 11 - Associative products


Figure 12 – Competitive products

The next step is the actual design and style study implementation: derive new products from both the competing and relative products. Three study’s are made from three relevant or competing products.

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The carver

The carver (figure 13) is the outcome of a completely new way of driving: the wheels don’t turn when taking a corner, the entire car tilts which causes the car to turn. It was selected because it is a small personal vehicle with a nice, fast, modern look. Sketched based on the carver are put together in figure 14.

Figure 13 – The carver

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Figure 14 – Carver related sketches

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The round chairThe round chair (figure 15) is a relative product chosen because of it’s unique, futuristic shape and it’s comfortable, ergonomic characteristics. Sketches related to this product are found in figure16.

22Figure 16 – Round chair related sketches

Figure 15 – Round chair


The BMW C1

The BMW C1 (figure 17) is chosen for its unique shape and function: it is a motorcycle with a roof. Sketches related to the C1 are found in picture 18.

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Figure 17 – BMW C1

Figure 18 – BMW 1 related sketches


Technical AspectsDriving in a crowded town brings a lot of irritations with it for many car users. The H2 tries to solve these problems by applying some smart features:

- Sensored controlled road mapping- WLAN connected cars- Automatic parking

These functions will be explained in the following paragraphs.

Sensorred controlled road mapping

The H2 is equipped with a large variety of sensors, which monitor entities both inside and outside the vehicle. The implied sensors are:

- Infra-red road position sensor; keeps track of the position of the H2 compared with the lane separation line painted on the road.

- Radar Sensors; detects signals in the near surroundings of the vehicle, to help prevent crashes and to assist during the parking process of the H2.

- GPS environment scanner: scans for traffic jams and other roadblocks. This information can be used to assist in the determination process of the ideal driving route.

All these monitoring elements contribute to efficient and safe driving in a crowded environment.

WLAN connected cars

Wireless internet will be available in the H2; this will enable it to communicate with other cars connected to the network. When road vehicles can scan the environment for information, for example using GPS, they can upload this information to the network. By doing this, a large network of information will be created. This information can then be downloaded by any willing vehicle connected to the WLAN network. The knowledge can, of course, also be used for other purposes, like traffic information agencies or by traffic and water management. Their information will be up-to-date and usable for analyzing and further broadcasting like the traffic jam reports.In time of the introduction of WLAN connected cars, around 2010 (source: http://www.popsci.com/popsci/futurecar/f2909aa138b84010vgnvcm1000004eecbccdrcrd.html) there won’t be sufficient information to actually function well, because of the small numbers of vehicles using this newly introduced function. The system has a certain barrier. But the WLAN connection can also serve other purposes, like setting up an internet connection, which brings possibilities for in-car-entertainment.

Automatic parking

The relatively small H2 will use fewer parking space then the normal ICE car. The possibility to linear parking will reduce the space needed even further, the vehicle doesn’t need turning space. When parking this tight the risk of collision with objects or other parked cars is significant. Assisted or fully automatically parking is therefore implied in the vehicle. This parking will be controlled by the on-board computer, which gets information from radar sensors and steeds the H2 into the parking lot (see figure 19).

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http://www.popsci.com/popsci/futurecar/f2909aa138b84010vgnvcm1000004eecbccdrcrd.html


Figuur 19 - Selfparking car

Fuel Cells (FC’s)

The PEMFC is chosen to serve as the energy source for the H2 project. But what will be the size of this FC and what power should it have. The H2 is an urban vehicle, and therefore doesn’t have to go faster than around 60 km/h. Because of it’s relatively small size it won’t need the power of a car, but it should have more power than a scooter. Figure 20 shows the power capacity of several ways of transportation. When looking at this figure, the needed power is estimated around 10-15 kW. This can also be calculated by using a simple formula:● 50 km / h = 14 m / s ● P = F * v = 720 * 14 = 10080 W = 10 kW.

Figure 20

This matches the present car world quite fairly: the Peugeot 207 CC E-Pure conceptar has a power capacity of 20 kW. This car has a driving range of 350 km and a top speed of 130 km/h. This Peugeot carries 3 kg of hydrogen with him, spread over 5 tanks (figure 21).

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Figuur 21 – Peugeot FC and hydrogen tanks

Fuel Cell Stack size

In January 2006, the French car producer PSA Peugeot Citroen came with smallest FC that is now available for passenger cars. The Genepac has a capacity of 80 kW and the size of a large suitcase: 57 liters. That makes him much smaller than his predecessors. (source: (http://autotelegraaf.nl/vanonzeredactie/?id=40441)The stack is build out of four different modules, each containing a so-called PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) with a yield of 45% up to more then 50%. General Motors also is an active participant in the field of FCdriven cars. The GM 2001 Automative Fuel Stack has a capacity of 102 kW, (128 kW max) and a size of 140 * 820 * 500 mm. Fiat came with here Panda Elettra H2 Fuel Cell in 2001. The used FC-systeem is situated below the hood, while the electric motor and the transmission are in the back of the car (figure 21). The hydrogen is stored in two composite tanks with a total volume of 68 liters. The car has a top speed of 130 km/h and a driving range of 220 km.

Figure 21 - Fiat PandaThe expectations are that technological developments will further reduce the size of future FC’s. The H2-storage will happen in metal-hydroids and gas-hydroids (source: http://www.dewaterstofeconomiekomteraan.nl/voorons.html). To save room in the H2-concept metal-hydroids are applied, simply because there is no room for high-pressure cylinders. The present problems with metal-hydroids, like grinded magnesium, are the high temperatures needed to regain the stored hydrogen from the hydroid. This high temperature causes

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http://www.dewaterstofeconomiekomteraan.nl/voorons.html

http://autotelegraaf.nl/vanonzeredactie/?id=40441


the efficiency level to drop beyond a critical point. The heat can be used for other uses, but this temperature has to drop before the metal-hydroid technique can be used in mass-production lines.

H2 Fuel Stack

The GM fuel stack from 2001 and with a capacity of 102 kW has a size of 140 * 820 * 500 mm. The H2 will be produced in the year 2010, and will only need a capacity of 10-15 kW. Considering the technological developments on the fuel cell field, the final size of the used FC in the vehicle will be:30 * 200 * 125 mm. This will fit in the final concept.

Existing urban FC-powered vehicle

An existing product, produced with the same context as ours already exist: the Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV), to be found on www.humboldt.edu/~serc/vehiclefactsheet.html.This car has the following specificarions:

Fuel Cell Type: Proton Exchange MembranePower Output: 9.0 kW @ 600mV/cell (12.2 hp)Fuel Cell Net Power at Cruising Speed: 5 kW (6.7 hp)Number of Cells: 96Fuel Cell Operating Temperature: 50 - 65°C (120 - 150°F)Gas Storage Pressure: 3,000 psigHydrogen Tank Volume: 31.1 litersHydrogen Energy Consumption: 0.53 kWh/mile Mileage (gasoline Energy Equivalent): 70 mpgRange: 30 miles (48 km)Refueling Time: 2 minutesElectric Motor Size: 7.5 kW (10 hp)Top Speed: 35 mphBody and Chassis: Kewet El-Jet 3Gegevens betreffende de omvang van de brandstofcel zijn echter niet bekend.

Wheel suspension

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Figure 22 – PSA Fuel Stack

http://www.humboldt.edu/~serc/vehiclefactsheet.html


The H2 is designed to move linearly in any given direction. To realize this kind of steering, the wheels have to be able to move free, like castor wheels. Motorizing these castors is a problem, in the case of ICE’s almost impossible. In case of an ICE, the central generated power needs to be spread using axles. When generated power can be spread trough an electric network, like in the case of a FC, it is possible to motorize castor wheels (figure 23). The wheels can be powered directly by an electric engine (A) onto the drive shaft (B), while the engine itself is connected to under bar (F), which is connected trough a rotating hinge (E) onto the upper bar (D). This upper bar is directly connected to the H2’s chassis. The rotating hinge is powered by another electric engine. The wheels have a rounded shape to lighten the turning of the rotating hinge. The wheel is now powered while it has to capability to rotate freely.

Figuur 23 – Motorized castor wheels

Steering the H2

The H2 seems very hard to control, because it uses castor wheels. The user will not notice this, because the on-board computer on the vehicle will only use the castor wheels free turn capability when it is in parking mode. When driving around, the H2 will only use the front wheel to wheels to make a turn, the back wheels will be rigid and will not be able to move.

There won’t be a steering wheel in the vehicle, instead the controlling happens using a controller (figure 24). Using the controller, the experience of driving a innovative vehicle will be enhanced. The device can also be used during in-car entertainment.

Figuur 24 - Controller

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The roof

The roof is made of reinforced glass, and enables the passenger to get inside the H2 on the front side of the vehicle. When it opens, it will be pushed away by two hydraulic cylinders. The glass is tinted to filter out the brightest light.

Slide chair

As said before, the user get’s inside the vehicle from the front-side. To ease the entrance, the chair inside the H2 is attached onto a rail. This way is the chair can slide to the front-side of the car. When the car is in the front position, the user can sit down, and the chair will automatically slide back again into the driving position. Logically, the same will happen when the passenger wants to get out of the H2. For a visual explanation see figure 25.The size of the chair is designed using ergonomic measures of a sitting person. The sizes are based on maximum and minimum lengths of a sitting person.

Figuur 25 – Slide chair in the front position

Final ResultsFinal images of the H2 are displayed in figure 26 on the next page.

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Figure 26 – Final renders


Technical DrawingsThe final measures of the H2.

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ConclusionThe final concept, the H2, will be introduced in the year 2010. By using four innovation techniques and implementing the knowledge gained on hybrid as an energy source, we came to an innovative urban vehicle. It is completely different then other means of traffic now seen on the market.

Thanks to his futuristic and fast design, people want to be seen in the H2, which is very likely to happen, sitting in the glass cabin. The smart design enables the vehicle to park in small spaces, which will appeal to many car users in busy urban environments like Amsterdam. Steering using the controller is unique and fun to do: it will enhance the coolness and gadget value of this hydro personal transport vehicle. What also adds great innovative value to the vehicle is the fact that the user get’s into the H2 on the front side. The glass roof will open fully, and the chair slides to the front of the hydro car to provide comfortable and easy boarding.The fact that it is fuel cell driven, thus using hydrogen as its fuel, might be the most important asset of the product. It makes the H2 a clean and environmental friendly vehicle, and can contribute to cleaner cities.

Hydrogen is the energy source of the future; the H2 is the urban vehicle for the future.

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References Literature - Hans Dirken, Productergonomie, 2e druk, 1999, ISBN 90-407-1464-9

- Gert L. Kootstra, Designmanagement, Design effectief benutten om ondernemingssucces te creëren, 1, 2006

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