QUEST #6: Cell Structure and Transport (DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST)-FORM A1. Which of the following is a major principle upon which cell theory is based?

a. All cells form by free-cell formationb. All cells have DNAc. All organisms are made of cellsd. All cells are eukaryotic

2. Which organelle is the storehouse for the most of a cell’s genetic information?a. Mitochdrionb. Chloroplastc. Centrioled. Nucleus

3. Which phrase best describes rough ER?a. Studded with ribosomesb. Protected by vesiclesc. Connected to the Golgi apparatusd. Stored in the central vacuole

4. Which organelles contain enzymes that break down old cell parts?a. Centrosomesb. Lysosomesc. Vacuolesd. Chloroplasts

5. Which organelles are unique to plant cells?a. Ribosomesb. Vacuolesc. Chloroplastsd. Centrosomes

6. A solution that is hypotonic to a cell hasa. More solutes than the cellb. Fewer solutes than the cellc. The same concentration of solutes as the cell.d. Too many solutes

7. Which process requires no energy from the cell?a. Exocytosisb. Endocytosisc. Active transportd. Facilitated diffusion

8. Which model did scientists develop to describe the cell membrane?a. Phospholipid modelb. Dynamic modelc. Fluid mosaic modeld. Transport model

9. What is the phospholipid composed of?a. A polar head and a nonpolar tailb. A nonpolar head and a polar tailc. A polar head and taild. A nonpolar head and tail

10. Which phrase best describes the property of selective permeability?a. Some molecules are able to pass throughb. All ions pass throughc. Nothing can pass throughd. All molecules pass through

11. Water movies into a cell when the solution surrounding the cell isa. Hypertonicb. Hypotonicc. Isotonic

d. Concentrated12. What is the term for the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane?

a. Osmosisb. Equilibriumc. Transportd. Isotonic

13. The difference in the concentration of dissolved particles from one location to another is called a a. Concentration gradientb. Concentrated solutionc. Saline solutiond. Dynamic gradient

14. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?a. Breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foodsb. Stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydratesc. Keeps the cell wall in placed. Regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell

15. The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?

a. Carbohydratesb. Lipidsc. Bilipidsd. Proteins

16. An animal cells that is surrounded by freshwater will burst because the osmotic pressure causesa. Water to move into the cellb. Water to move out of the cellc. Solutes to move into the celld. Solutes to move out of the cell

17. During diffusion, when the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules willa. Move across the membrane to the outside of the cell.b. Stop moving across the membrane.c. Continue to move across the membrane in both directions.d. Move across the membrane to the inside of the cell.

18. Maximum size is limited because as a cell grows _________________.a. Its surface area increases faster than its volumeb. Its volume increases faster than its surface areac. Surface area and volume increase at the same rated. Neither its surface area nor volume increase

Figure 7–1

19. Which means of particle transport is shown in Figure 7-1 above?a. Cell pumpb. Osmosisc. Facilitated diffusiond. Active transport.

20. A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion?

a. It will have no harmful effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.b. The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the fluid around the cells is hypotonic compared to the

cells.c. The patient's red blood cells will swell because the fluid around the cells is hypotonic compared to the cells.

d. The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the fluid around the cells is hypertonic compared to the cells.

21. Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical plant and animal cells?a. The animal cell is in a hypotonic solution; the plant cell is in an isotonic solution.b. The animal cell is in an isotonic solution; the plant cell is in a hypertonic solution.c. The animal cell is in a hypertonic solution; the plant cell is in an isotonic solution.d. The animal cell is in an isotonic solution; the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution.e. The animal cell is in a hypertonic solution; the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution.

For the following questions (#22-24), use the lettered answers to match the structure to its proper cell type. Choose the most inclusive category. Each answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

A. a feature of all cellsB. found in prokaryotic cells onlyC. found in eukaryotic cells onlyD. found in plant cells onlyE. found in animal cells only

22. plasma membranea. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

23. a central vacuole with tonoplasta. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

24. cell wall made of peptidoglycan a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

25. Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?a. nonpolar molecules b. starch c. glucose d. K+ e. polar molecules

26. What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?a. large and hydrophobic d. ionicb. small and hydrophobic e. monosaccharides such as glucosec. large polar

27. A cell whose cytoplasm has a concentration of 0.02 molar glucose is placed in a test tube of water containing 0.10 molar glucose. Assuming that glucose is not actively transported into the cell, which of the following terms describes the tonicity of the external solution relative to the cytoplasm of the cell?

a. isotonic c. hypotonic e. turgidb. hypertonic d. flaccid

28. All of the following molecules are part of the cell membrane excepta. lipids. c. proteins. e. cholesterolb. nucleic acids. d. phosphate groups.

29. The main difference(s) between facilitated diffusion and active transport is (are)a. facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient and active transport moves them against

their gradient.b. facilitated diffusion does not rely on cellular energy and active transport does.c. facilitated diffusion uses channel or carrier proteins and active transport does not.

d. A and B onlye. A, B, and C

30. Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the CELLS of the celery stalks are

a. hypotonic to both fresh water and the salt solution.b. hypertonic to both fresh water and the salt solution.c. hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.d. hypotonic to fresh water but hypertonic to the salt solution.e. isotonic with fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.

31. White blood cells engulf bacteria (solids) through what process?a. exocytosis d. osmosisb. phagocytosis e. receptor-mediated exocytosisc. pinocytosis

32. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration gradient with the help of chemical energy input isa. diffusion. c. osmosis. e. a concentration gradientb. active transport. d. facilitated diffusion.

33. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane?a. It is a peripheral membrane protein.b. It exhibits a specificity for a particular type of molecule.c. It always requires the expenditure of cellular energy (ATP) to function.d. It works against diffusion.e. It has few, if any, hydrophobic amino acids and no tertiary structure.

34. According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids?a. They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane (like a pattern).b. They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other.c. They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane.d. They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution.e. They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane.

35. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?a. nucleolus-ribosomes d. cell membrane-lipid bilayerb. nucleus-DNA replication e. cytoskeleton-microtubulesc. lysosome-protein synthesis

36. A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from a(n)

a. bacterium. c. organism of any kind. e. plant, but not an animal.b. animal, but not a plant. d. plant or animal.

37. What membrane-surface molecules are thought to be most important as cells recognize each other?a. phospholipids c. peripheral proteinse. carbohydratesb. integral proteins d. cholesterol

Use the diagram of the U-tube in the figure below to answer questions #38The solutions in the two arms of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is half filled with a solution of 2 M sucrose and 1 M glucose. Side B is half filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose. Initially, the liquid levels on both sides are equal.

____ 38. After the system reaches equilibrium, what changes are observed?a. The molarity of sucrose and glucose are equal on both sides.b. The molarity of glucose is higher in side A than in side B.

c. The water level is higher in side A than in side B.d. The water level is unchanged.e. The water level is higher in side B than in side A.

39. Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion?a. It is very rapid over long distances.b. It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.c. It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower

concentration.d. It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration.

e. It requires integral proteins in the cell membrane.

Use the following diagram to answer questions (#40-43)

40. Glycolipid:A. EB. FC. GD. HE. I

41. Cholesterol:A. EB. FC. GD. HE. I

42. Cytoskeleton:A. FB. GC. HD. IE. J

43. Peripheral Protein:A. A

B. BC. CD. DE. E

44. As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances:A. always remains greater inside a membraneB. eventually becomes balanced on both sides of amembrane.C. Always remains greater outside of a membrane.D. Becomes imbalanced on both sides of a membrane.

45. The sodium-potassium pumpA. is a carrier proteinB. uses passive transportC. is a channel proteinD. is located in the cytoplasm of the cell

46. Taking in liquids from the environment into a cell in vesicles is calledA. ExocytosisB. PhagocytosisC. PinocytosisD. Diffusion

A B47. Refer to the illustration above. The process shown in figure A is called ____________.

A. ExocytosisB. PhagocytosisC. PinocytosisD. Diffusion

48. As the cell grows larger, what happens to the Total Surface Area -to- Volume Ratio?A. Gets largerB. Gets smallerC. Stays the sameD. Depends on the density

Use the figure below to answer questions (#49-50)

10% salt

49. What type of solution is the cell placed in?

80% water

a. Hypertonic solutionb. Hypotonic solutionc. Isotonic solutiond. Osmotic

50. What will happen to the cell if it is placed in a 5% salt solution?a. The cell will stay the same sizeb. The cell will shrivelc. The cell will swelld. The cell will dissolve

51. When an animal cell is a hypertonic solution, the cell is described as:a. cytolysisb. plasmolysisc. turgidd. flaccid

52. When a plant cell is in a hypotonic solution, the cell is described as:a. cytolysisb. plasmolysisc. turgidd. flaccid

Use the following passage for questions #53-56A semipermeable sac, containing 4% Fructose, 30% glucose, and 50% sucrose, is suspended in a solution with the following composition: 34% Fructose, 10% glucose, and 40% sucrose. Assume the sac is permeable to all substances except sucrose. Use the key provided to determine how each substance will move.

A. Moves into the sac B. Moves out of the sac C. Does not move across the membrane D. Move in and out of the sac

53. Glucose __________54. Sucrose __________55. Water ___________56. Fructose _________

DIAGRAM ABOVE (Questions #57-60): The solutions in the two arms of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is filled with a solution of 2.0 M sucrose and 1.0 M glucose. Side B is filled with a solution of 1.0 M sucrose and 2.0 M glucose.

57. Initially, the solution in side A is _____________________ with respect to that in side B. A. HypertonicB. HypotonicC. IsotonicD. Equilibrium

58. After the system reaches equilibrium, the solution in side A is _____________________ with respect to that in side B.

A. HypertonicB. HypotonicC. IsotonicD. Equilibrium

59. After the system reaches equilibrium, what changes will you observe?A. Side A and Side B will remain the sameB. Side A will riseC. Side B will riseD. No changes will be observed

60. Which side will the sucrose move to?A. Side AB. Side BC. Will not move across the membraneD. Side A and Side B

61. A plant cell containing 45% water is placed into a 80% salt solution. Which direction will the water move?a. Out of the cellb. Into the cellc. In and out of the celld. The water will not move

62. Who concluded that all animals are made up of cells?a. Theodor Schwannb. Rudolf Virchowc. Matthias Schleidend. Anton von Leeuwenhoek

63. Who made the first simple microscope and was the first to view a living organism? a. . Theodor Schwannb. Rudolf Virchowc. Matthias Schleidend. Anton von Leeuwenhoek

64. In absence of other forces (passive transport) molecules move ______________.a. Against the concentration gradientb. Down the concentration gradientc. Up the concentration gradientd. There is no concentration gradient

65. Which of the following statements is TRUE?a. Higher temperature makes molecules move slowerb. Lower temperature makes molecules move fasterc. Higher pressure makes molecules move fasterd. Lower pressure makes molecules move faster

66. Facilitated diffusion uses the aid of proteins to make molecules move from __________ concentration gradient:a. Against the concentration gradientb. Down the concentration gradientc. Up the concentration gradientd. There is no concentration gradent

67. Which of the following does not use chemical energy ATP:a. Protein pumpsb. Phagocytosisc. Pinocytosisd. Channel Proteins

68. Which of the following is mitchondria?a. Fb. Hc. Ed. D

69. Which of the following is the Rough ER?a. Hb. Gc. Dd. E

70. Which of the following is labeled as A?a. Mitochondriab. Lysosomec. Central Vacuoled. Chloroplast

71. A cell is isotonic to a solution of 0.5% sugar. What concentration would make the solution hypertonic?a. 0.7 % sugarb. 0.4 % sugarc. 0.2 % sugard. 0.1 % sugar

Use the following passage for QUESTIONS #72-74: You have a cell, with a semi permeable membrane and a 2.5% potassium concentration. You put it into a solution of 1.5% potassium.

72. What type of solution is it in? a. Hypertonic solutionb. Hypotonic solutionc. Isotonic solutiond. Tonicity

73. What direction would you expect water to flow? a. Move out of the cellb. Move into the cellc. Move into and out of the celld. Will not move across the membrane

74. What type of tonicity is the cell?a. Hypertonic cellb. Hypotonic cellc. Isotonic celld. Tonicity

For QUESTION 75: The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same. Refer to the figure to answer the following questions.

75. If you examine side A after three days, you should finda. a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level.b. a decrease in the concentration of NaCl, an increase in water level, and no change in the concentration of glucose.

c. no net change in the system.d. a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level.e. no change in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level.