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TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1)


The collection of crime statistics is a relatively new phenomenon.


1)


_______

2)


The likelihood of crime commission declines with age.


2)


_______

3)


According to Adolphe Quételet, violent crime rates increase during the summer months.


3)


_______

4)


Uniform Crime Report data is published in the Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics.


4)


_______

5)


Information from the Uniform Crime Reports and the National Crime Victimization Survey are not directly comparable.


5)


_______

6)


Kidnapping was added to the list of index offenses in 1979.


6)


_______

7)


A crime is cleared when an arrest has been made.


7)


_______

8)


It is not necessary for an offender to be convicted of a crime for the crime to be counted as cleared by the FBI.


8)


_______

9)


UCR data are based on reported crime.


9)


_______

10)


For NIBRS Group B offenses, only arrest data are reported.


10)


______

11)


The UCR collects statistics on hate crimes.


11)


______

12)


The most common type of hate crime is a crime against property.


12)


______

13)


The Ku Klux Klan is an example of a hate group.


13)


______

14)


Most hate crimes are committed by organized hate groups and their members.


14)


______

15)


Hate crimes are more commonly committed by teenagers.


15)


______

16)


NCVS interviewers will collect data from anyone who lives at a residence within the sample.


16)


______

17)


The NCVS does not report crimes against children under 12 years of age.


17)


______

18)


According to the NCVS, females are more likely than males to be victimized by strangers.


18)


______

19)


According to the NCVS, young people are more likely to be victims of violent crime than older people.


19)


______

20)


The actual occurrence of all crimes that are reported to NCVS interviewers is verified before they are included in the data.


20)


______

21)


The crime shift that began in the 1960s may be linked to the postwar baby boom.


21)


______

22)


Between 1991 and 2004, the crime index increased significantly.


22)


______

23)


Legalized abortion has contributed to recently observed reductions in crime.


23)


______

24)


Homicide is always a crime.


24)


______

25)


First degree murder requires malice aforethought.


25)


______

26)


If there is a delay between an act of physical abuse and a murder done in response to the abuse, the offender can be charged with second-degree murder.


26)


______

27)


Most murder victims are female.


27)


______

28)


If an offender commits a crime during which someone dies, but the offender had no intention of killing, the offender cannot be convicted of first-degree murder.


28)


______

29)


Approximately half of all murder victims are related to or acquainted with their assailants.


29)


______

30)


Murder is primarily an interracial crime.


30)


______

31)


The rape laws of most states have eliminated gender bias.


31)


______

32)


The crime of lesbian rape is effectively prosecuted by several jurisdictions in the United States.


32)


______

33)


A female may not be charged with the rape of a male.


33)


______

34)


The clearance rate for rape is higher than for that of criminal homicide.


34)


______

35)


The rate of rape in the US calculated by the NCVS is lower than that calculated by the UCR.


35)


______

36)


According to the NCVS, stranger rapes are more common than rapes by nonstrangers.


36)


______

37)


A house can be robbed.


37)


______

38)


Most robberies occur in cities.


38)


______

39)


Women are robbed more frequently than men.


39)


______

40)


The UCR includes assaults that result in minor injuries in its definition of aggravated assault.


40)


______

41)


According to the UCR, the number of reported aggravated assaults is decreasing


41)


______

42)


The clearance rate for burglary is very low.


42)


______

43)


Burglary offenders are primarily male.


43)


______

44)


The NCVS gathers data on both person and commercial thefts.


44)


______

45)


NCVS trend data suggest that all forms of larceny are increasing.


45)


______

46)


Although many stolen vehicles are recovered, relatively few arrests of car thieves are made


46)


______

47)


Many UCR Part II offenses are misdemeanors.


47)


______

48)


UCR Part II offense data includes information on the identity of the arrested offender.


48)


______

49)


According to recent self-report studies, females appear to be involved in a much higher proportion of crime than previously thought.


49)


______

50)


According to recent self report studies, race differences in crime are smaller than the UCR would suggest.


50)


______

51)


According to the NCVS, victims are more likely to report crimes committed by strangers.


51)


______

52)


Correlation does not imply causation.


52)


______

53)


The NCVS shows a negative relationship between age and victimization.


53)


______

54)


Proportionate differences in offense rates remain stable throughout the life course.


54)


______

55)


When women commit crimes, they are generally the instigators and leaders.


55)


______

56)


Fear of crime is higher among African-American households than among white households.


56)


______

57)


Racial identity is well-defined.


57)


______

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

58)


Inferences based on statistical __________ appear to be a product of the last 200 years.


58)


_____________

59)


Adolphe Quételet developed the __________ law of crime.


59)


_____________

60)


The work of researchers such as Quételet and Guerry formed the basis for the __________ of criminology.


60)


_____________

61)


The Uniform Crime Reporting Program is run by the __________.


61)


_____________

62)


The most important feature of the NIBRS is its __________ nature.


62)


_____________

63)


Hate crimes are also known as __________ crimes.


63)


_____________

64)


The NCVS program conducts interviews at __________-month intervals.


64)


_____________

65)


The crime shift that occurred during the 1960s involved a dramatic __________ in most major crimes.


65)


_____________

66)


The criminality index includes the actual crime rate and the __________ crime rate.


66)


_____________

67)


A person who kills in a fit of anger will probably be charged with __________-degree murder.


67)


_____________

68)


The class of criminal homicide whereby an offender may be charged with first-degree murder when his/her criminal activity results in another's death is __________.


68)


_____________

69)


The most commonly used weapon in crimes of murder is a(n) __________.


69)


_____________

70)


Clearance rates for murder are highest in __________ cities.


70)


_____________

71)


Unlawful forced sexual intercourse within the context of a dating relationship is known as __________.


71)


_____________

72)


According to the UCR, in 2006, the month of __________ showed the largest number of reported forcible rapes.


72)


_____________

73)


__________ robbery refers to any robbery that occurs in a public place.


73)


_____________

74)


According to the NCVS, approximately __________ of all completed robberies involve injury to the victim.


74)


_____________

75)


According to the UCR, the most common target for arson is a __________.


75)


_____________

76)


Self report surveys typically focus on crimes committed by __________.


76)


_____________

77)


According to the NCVS, the most highly reported crime is __________.


77)


_____________

78)


A correlation that involves no causal relationship is said to be __________.


78)


_____________

79)


The fact that most forms of criminality decrease with age is known as the __________ phenomenon.


79)


_____________

80)


Geriatric criminality refers to crimes committed by the __________.


80)


_____________

81)


Approximately __________ percent of all murders in the US are committed by women.


81)


_____________

82)


According to __________, socioeconomic status is one of the very few correlates of criminality which can be taken as persuasively supported by a large body of empirical evidence.


82)


_____________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

83)


__________ calculated per capita crime rates throughout various French provinces in the early 1800s.


83)


______ A)


Adolphe Quételet


B)


Cesare Beccaria C)


André Michel Guerry


D)


Thomas Robert Malthus

84)


The Bureau of Justice Statistics is responsible for the


84)


______ A)


National Incident Based Reporting Program. B)


Uniform Crime Reporting Program. C)


National Crime Victimization Survey. D)


All of the above

85)


If you needed official police statistics on crime in Texas, you would use


85)


______ A)


the NCVS.


B)


the UCR. C)


a self-report study.


D)


none of the above

86)


Which of the following crimes was not one of the original seven UCR Part I offenses?


86)


______ A)


Robbery


B)


Burglary C)


Aggravated assault


D)


Arson

87)


Which of the following is not considered a property crime by the UCR?


87)


______ A)


Robbery


B)


Theft


C)


Arson


D)


Burglary

88)


The proportion of reported or discovered crime within a given offense category which is solved by the police is known as the __________ rate.


88)


______ A)


clearance


B)


index C)


arrest


D)


indictment

89)


Which of the following is not a reason why rape victims fail to report their victimization?


89)


______ A)


Fear that the crime is not important enough to report B)


Fear of participation in the criminal justice system C)


Shame D)


Fear of the perpetrator

90)


The category of crimes in NIBRS which corresponds most closely to the UCR Part I offenses is


90)


______ A)


Group A offenses


B)


Part I crimes C)


NIBRS key crimes


D)


None of the above

91)


Which of the following is not an advantage of incident-based reporting systems over summary-based reporting systems?


91)


______ A)


Information on the dark figure of crime is readily obtainable. B)


Data collection is not restricted to a limited number of offense categories. C)


Arrests and clearances can be linked to specific incidents or offenses. D)


Distinctions can be made between attempted and completed crimes.

92)


The most common motivation for hate crimes is


92)


______ A)


bias based on sexual orientation. B)


bias based on ethnicity/national origin. C)


racial bias. D)


religious bias.

93)


The __________ is considered by many researchers to be a more accurate measure of the actual incidence of crime in the United States.


93)


______ A)


NIBRS


B)


NCVS C)


UCR


D)


They are all equally accurate.

94)


Which UCR Part I crime is not included in the NCVS?


94)


______ A)


Rape


B)


Motor vehicle theft C)


Homicide


D)


Larceny

95)


Based on NCVS findings, which of the following individuals would be least likely to be victimized?


95)


______ A)


An elderly male


B)


A young male C)


An elderly female


D)


A young female

96)


According to the NCVS, members of __________ families are more likely to become victims of violent crime.


96)


______ A)


middle-income B)


upper-income C)


lower income D)


They are all equally likely to be victimized.

97)


According to the NCVS, crime rates are highest in __________ areas.


97)


______ A)


suburban B)


urban C)


rural D)


There is no difference in crime rates by region.

98)


The first major shift in crime rates in the United States since the beginning of the collection of official crime statistics was probably due to


98)


______ A)


the outbreak of World War I. B)


the outbreak of World War II. C)


the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. D)


the start of the Great Depression.

99)


Which of the following was not a possible cause of the decrease in reported crime since the mid-1990s?


99)


______ A)


New strict laws, an expanded justice system, and an increase in police funding B)


Changes in crime-fighting technologies C)


Economic expansion D)


Social upheaval

100)


The violent crime rate in the United States is __________ when compared with other industrial democracies.


100)


_____ A)


about the same


B)


slightly elevated C)


very low


D)


very high

101)


According to Elliott Currie, the __________ is the rate of crime calculated on the basis of crimes that would likely be committed by those who are incapacitated by the criminal justice system.


101)


_____ A)


latent crime rate


B)


criminality index C)


actual crime rate


D)


clearance rate

102)


Premeditated murder is


102)


_____ A)


first-degree murder.


B)


second-degree murder. C)


negligent homicide.


D)


third-degree murder.

103)


Which of the following terms is not used to refer to third-degree murder?


103)


_____ A)


Negligent manslaughter


B)


Negligent homicide C)


Voluntary manslaughter


D)


Involuntary manslaughter

104)


Drunk driving is an example of


104)


_____ A)


felony homicide.


B)


first-degree murder. C)


negligent homicide.


D)


second-degree murder.

105)


A __________ is the weapon of choice in most murders.


105)


_____ A)


shotgun B)


handgun C)


knife or other sharp instrument D)


blunt instrument

106)


Which of the following is not one of the categories of rape that the UCR distinguishes between?


106)


_____ A)


Forcible rape


B)


Attempted forcible rape C)


Attempted statutory rape


D)


Statutory rape

107)


The most common type of robbery is __________ robbery.


107)


_____ A)


strong-arm


B)


simple C)


armed


D)


highway

108)


According to the UCR, the most common month for robbery is


108)


_____ A)


September.


B)


December. C)


July.


D)


January.

109)


According to the NCVS, which of the following individuals is most likely to be a robbery victim?


109)


_____ A)


A 12-year-old boy


B)


A 65-year-old woman C)


A 14-year-old girl


D)


A 25-year-old man

110)


Assault rates are highest in the __________ region of the U.S.


110)


_____ A)


southern


B)


northeastern C)


midwestern


D)


western

111)


According to the UCR, most burglary targets are


111)


_____ A)


individuals.


B)


commercial establishments. C)


residences.


D)


government agencies.

112)


The NCVS divides larceny into the categories of __________ larceny.


112)


_____ A)


felony and misdemeanor


B)


household and personal C)


grand and petty


D)


violent and nonviolent

113)


The most common month for motor vehicle theft is


113)


_____ A)


April.


B)


November. C)


August.


D)


January.

114)


The most common reason for an individual to commit arson is


114)


_____ A)


for the thrills and excitement. B)


to get vengeance against another person, such as a former employer. C)


to hide the commission of another felony. D)


to defraud an insurance company.

115)


The clearance rate for arson is highest in


115)


_____ A)


large cities.


B)


small towns. C)


small cities.


D)


large suburbs.

116)


UCR data on Part II offenses includes


116)


_____ A)


information on crimes reported to the police. B)


information on arrests made by the police. C)


information on the dark figure of crime. D)


none of the above

117)


Which of the following is not a finding of the National Youth Survey?


117)


_____ A)


Race differentials in crime are smaller than traditional data sources indicated. B)


Females are involved in a smaller proportion of crime than previously thought. C)


Violent offenders begin lives of crime earlier than originally believed. D)


There is a consistent progression from less serious to more serious acts of delinquency over time.

118)


The Monitoring the Future survey includes information on


118)


_____ A)


drug use among juveniles.


B)


adult criminal behavior. C)


violent juvenile crime.


D)


property crime.

119)


According to the NCVS, __________ crimes are most likely to be reported to the police.


119)


_____ A)


property


B)


household C)


violent


D)


none of the above

120)


One of the two most common reasons for not reporting violent crime is that the victim


120)


_____ A)


fears future victimization by the same offender. B)


considers the crime to be a private matter. C)


is embarrassed over the type of victimization. D)


believes the police will be ineffective in solving the crime.

121)


Which of the following is a socially significant attribute?


121)


_____ A)


Ethnicity


B)


Age C)


Gender


D)


All of the above

122)


According to the UCR, there is a(n) __________ relationship between youth and likelihood of arrest.


122)


_____ A)


negative


B)


inverse C)


positive


D)


unknown

123)


Older offenders are more likely to commit


123)


_____ A)


street crimes.


B)


assault. C)


fraud.


D)


theft.

124)


Which of the following individuals is least likely to be a victim of personal theft, according to the NCVS?


124)


_____ A)


A black male over the age of 65 B)


A white female over the age of 65 C)


A white male over the age of 65 D)


A black female over the age of 65

125)


The main critique of The Myth of a Racist Criminal Justice System comes from


125)


_____ A)


James Fox.


B)


Coramae Richey Mann. C)


William Wilbanks.


D)


Marvin D. Free, Jr.

126)


The findings that led criminologists to question the existence of a relationship between social class and crime came from


126)


_____ A)


self-report studies.


B)


NIBRS. C)


the UCR.


D)


the NCVS.


1)


TRUE 2)


TRUE 3)


TRUE 4)


FALSE 5)


TRUE 6)


FALSE 7)


TRUE 8)


TRUE 9)


TRUE 10)


TRUE 11)


TRUE 12)


FALSE 13)


TRUE 14)


FALSE 15)


TRUE 16)


FALSE 17)


TRUE 18)


FALSE 19)


TRUE 20)


FALSE 21)


TRUE 22)


FALSE 23)


TRUE 24)


FALSE 25)


TRUE 26)


FALSE 27)


FALSE 28)


FALSE 29)


TRUE 30)


FALSE 31)


FALSE 32)


FALSE 33)


FALSE 34)


FALSE 35)


FALSE 36)


TRUE 37)


FALSE 38)


TRUE 39)


FALSE 40)


FALSE 41)


TRUE 42)


TRUE 43)


TRUE 44)


FALSE 45)


FALSE 46)


TRUE 47)


TRUE 48)


FALSE 49)


TRUE 50)


TRUE 51)


FALSE 52)


TRUE 53)


TRUE 54)


TRUE 55)


FALSE 56)


TRUE 57)


FALSE 58)


demographics 59)


thermic 60)


statistical school 61)


Federal Bureau of Investigation 62)


incident-driven 63)


bias 64)


six 65)


increase 66)


latent 67)


second 68)


felony murder 69)


handgun 70)


small 71)


date rape 72)


August 73)


Highway or street 74)


half 75)


motor vehicle 76)


juveniles 77)


motor vehicle theft 78)


spurious 79)


desistance 80)


elderly 81)


10 82)


John Braithwaite83)


C 84)


C 85)


B 86)


D 87)


A 88)


A 89)


A 90)


A 91)


A 92)


C 93)


B 94)


C 95)


C 96)


C 97)


B 98)


B 99)


D 100)


D 101)


A 102)


A 103)


C 104)


C 105)


B 106)


C 107)


D 108)


B 109)


A 110)


A 111)


C 112)


B 113)


C 114)


D 115)


B 116)


B 117)


B 118)


A 119)


C 120)


B 121)


D 122)


C 123)


C 124)


D 125)


B 126)


A

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