Views on the 2015 Agreement: Perspectives of Chinese Expert

Zou JiNational Center for Climate Change

Strategy and International Cooperation

OECD Climate Change Expert Group Forum,17-18 March 2015, Paris

Questions for Dialogues

Questions from OECD expert:   1. What is needed to incentivise ambitious climate policies?2. What provisions are needed in the new agreement to do so?

An innovative development path compared to the ones in developed economies in the history

Emission per capita

GDP per capita/HDI

View of innovative development• Structure• Efficiency• Technologies• Finance• Capacity• Policy & Institutions

Australia

US

EU

China, India and other emergingEconomies: similar level of development; higher carbon efficiency; peak earlier and lower

japan

Other developing countries

Developed Countries

Rationale/Storyline

Cumulative CO2 emission since 1750 (70% from developed countries);

Concentration/RF

Climate change, its negative impacts,

Risks, loss and damage

Mitigation• Technology• Finance and investment• Institutional and policies arrangement

Development paths: industrialization and modernization since 1750

• Growth drivers• energy mix and efficiency, • technology, • Economic structure, • income, population pattern

Adaptation• Technology• Finance and investment• Institutional and policies arrangement

Developedcountries

Developingcountries more vulnerableInnovating

Developm

ent Paths

Equity: SD opportunities• Historic responsibility• Development stage• Capabilities• Nat’l circumstances

CBDR: the basic incentive at global level

Historic Responsibility• Cumulative emission• Leading path dependency

Capabilities• Income• governance

Developmentstage

Nat’l circumstancese.g.:

resources endowment

Equity: equal opportunities to shift into SD/LC paths• Deeper and demonstrative leading emission reduction in developed countries• Supports in technologies, knowledge, finance , and CB from developed countries• Certain future emission room for transition in developing countries• Restructuring global supply chain to break path dependency - innovation of

development path

CBDR: guided by the principles and provisions of the Convention• Differentiation: dichotomy between developed and developing countries• NDC addresses all the six Durban elements• Significant support in finance and technologies to support enhancing actions

Incentives at country level: to ensure SD• Less negative impacts of CC (difficult to be felt in short

term as an individual decision maker)• Income continue to increase in developing countries along

with economic modernization• Least socioeconomic impacts of response measures (job,

fiscal revenue, household income)• Upgrade economies and opportunities to move to higher

position in the global supply chain• Technology change to support higher efficiency• Significant financial support• Building capacity to address CC• Governance: institutional and policy arrangement

Provisions in the 2015 Agreement

Among others:• Principles, visions, and approaches (e.g.,

differentiation between developed and developing countries)

• Mitigation, adaptation• Supports in technologies, finance, CB• Transparency• Other matters

Questions from Chinese expert:

1. How do you understand the context and prioritized agenda in developing countries?

2. How are you well prepared to address the differentiation between developed and developing countries?

3. How do you define and expect China’s role and position?

Thank you for your attention!

Zou Jizouji@ncsc.org.cn

National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation(NCSC)