APES Ecosystems Part II Review

Part I: Matching: Match the correct word with the definition.

Climax community Succession Pioneer species Hydrologic cycleTranspiration Carbon cycle Nitrogen cycle Nitrogen fixation (bacteria)Phosphorus cycle Sulfur cycle Biomes Nitrogen fixationNitrification Assimilation Ammonification DenitrificationEcological Succession Primary Succession Secondary Succession

_____________________ 1. Cycle that is driven by photosynthesis and cellular respiration and is also influenced by burning of fossil fuels_____________________ 2. Cycle which collects, purifies and distributes water; includes precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, condensation, infiltration, percolation, and runoff_____________________ 3. A global gaseous cycle that begins with atmospheric nitrogen and through a series of steps carried out by various species of bacteria, converts it to a usable form before returning it to the atmosphere._____________________ 4. Cycle that includes input from natural sources such as volcanoes and human sources such as industries; most of this nutrient is tied up in underground rocks and deep ocean sediments._____________________ 5. Specialized bacteria living in the root nodules of legumes convert gaseous nitrogen to ammonia_____________________ 6. Evaporation from the leaves of water extracted from soil by roots and transported throughout the plant._____________________ 7. Cycle in which nutrient moves slowly from deposits on land and in ocean sediments to living organisms, and then more slowly back to the land and ocean._____________________ 8. Major regional or global biotic communities characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and prevailing climate._____________________ 9. The conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas which is then released into the atmosphere._____________________ 10. The formation of organic nitrogen compounds like amino acids from inorganic nitrogen compounds present in the environment._____________________ 11. The conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonium by the action of decomposers._____________________ 12. A process in which nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into ammonium or nitrogen dioxide._____________________ 13. The process by which ammonia is converted to nitrites and then nitrates._____________________ 14. Succession that begins in areas where no soil is initially present._____________________ 15. Series of changes in an ecological community that occur over time after a disturbance._____________________ 16. Succession that begins in areas where soil is already present.

Part 2: Labeling-Label the following diagrams (look on the pages of your textbook!!!)Water Cycle

Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

Phosphorus Cycle

Sulfur Cycle

Part 3: Answer the following questions:1. Briefly describe the main processes involved in the hydrologic cycle: evaporation, transpiration,

condensation, precipitation, percolation, runoff, groundwater2. Name the two driving forces behind the water cycle.3. What does anthropogenic mean?4. Describe three significant anthropogenic interventions in the hydrological cycle.5. Name the two largest sinks (storage areas) for carbon.6. Describe the two major human interventions in the carbon cycle.7. Identify the two major ways that nitrogen is fixed.8. Describe what takes place in each of the following process in the nitrogen cycle: nitrogen fixation,

nitrification, assimilation, ammonification, denitrification9. Describe the anthropogenic interventions in the nitrogen cycle.10. Why does phosphorous not circulate in the troposphere to a great extent?11. Identify the major human interventions in the phosphorous cycle.12. Identify the two largest storage areas for sulfur.13. Identify the three major human activities influencing the sulfur cycle.14. Name the three major types of deserts.15. Name the three major types of grasslands.16. Name the three major types of forests.17. Why are mountains so important?18. How are aquatic life zones different from land biomes? (list the key factors important in determining

biodiverisity)

Part 4: AP Style Questions: Circle the answerQuestions 1-4 refer to the compounds listed below.

a. Nitrogen gas (N2)b. Oxygen gas (O2)c. Water (H2O)d. Phosphate (PO4

3-)e. Methane (CH4)

_____ 1. A greenhouse gas produced by raising cattle.

_____ 2. Can be stored in marine sediments for long periods of times.

_____ 3. A greenhouse gas emitted into the atmosphere through transpiration or evaporation.

_____ 4. A limiting factor for most plant growth in lakes and terrestrial systems.

5. The phosphorus cycle includes all of the following EXCEPT ita. Is found in rock as fossil bones and guano.b. Is a fast-moving atmospheric cycle.c. Is a limiting factor for many plants.d. Can be deposited as marine sediment and not be released for millions of years.e. Is returned to the soil as fertilizer and can cause algae blooms.

6. Which of the below is undergoing secondary succession?a. A boulder field left from the retreat of a glacierb. Recently cooled lava from a volcanoc. An agricultural field recently cut for hayd. An area newly covered with sand dunese. A newly created small pond

7. Which of the below is a true statement about biomes?a. Biomes have not been affected by human presence because the human population is not dense enough to impact them.b. Although biomes have distinctive vegetation growing in them, basically the same kinds of animals live in all of them.c. All desert biomes are hot and dry.d. Biomes have a range of temperatures and precipitation that result in specific kinds of plants that have adapted to those conditions.e. Mountainous areas all over the world contain the same biomes.

8. Long-term differences in which two variables are the primary determinants of climate?a. Temperature and cloud coverb. Precipitation and temperaturec. Precipitation and soil typed. Temperature and soil typee. Soil type and cloud cover