Viewing Medical Images on a PDA
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Viewing Medical Images on a Viewing Medical Images on a PDAPDA
NSF REU “Computer Applications to Medicine”University of Virginia, Summer 2006
Andrew Jurik, Vanderbilt University
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Contents• Motivation• Goals• Current State of the Art
• System Diagram• Requirements• Demonstration
• Evaluation• Conclusion• Future Work• Acknowledgements
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Motivation
• PDAs are very portable
• Quick access to images
• Increase convenience for radiologists
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Goals
• Create a working system that implements secure image transmission from a server to PDA, allowing radiologists review those images
• To learn– C#– Web Services– Databases– Security– Image Manipulation
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Current State of the Art - Standards
• HIPAA – Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act– Sufficient security measures, rules about who can view
medical information
• PACS – Picture Archiving and Communications System– Acquires, transmits, stores, retrieves, and displays digital
images
• DICOM – Digital Imaging and COmmunication in Medicine– File format developed to define connectivity and
communication protocols of medical imaging devices
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Current State of the Art - Imaging
• CT scans are 512 x 512 pixels with 256 gray levels (24-bit color)
• MR images are 256 x 256 pixels with 256 gray levels (24-bit color)
• A Pocket PC has240 x 320-pixel screens,16-bit color (65536 colordepth, no more than 64gray levels)
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Current State of the Art[1]
• Viewing on PDAs ~8 minutes on average• Head scans
– PDAs: ~5 mins– PACS workstation: ~2.3 mins
• Chest scans– PDAs: ~10 mins– PACS workstation: ~5 minutes
• Interpretations were generally consistent on both machines with a few exceptions in which the PACS was able to pick up more
[1] Merlina Trevino, “Radiologists examine images in the palms of their hands”, http://www.diagnosticimaging.com/pacsweb/newsupdate/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=59300898
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Basic System Diagram
Web Services
Web Server & Database
PDA
(client-side application)
Caveat: This program should be used for preliminary viewing of medical images only. The PDA hardware is not at a point yet to permit a comprehensive diagnosis.
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Requirements• Usability
– Simple, easy-to-understand GUI
• Security / Auditing– Password authentication– Log access attempts– Secure transmissions (an efficient solution to saving
securely could not be attained within the time frame)
• Annotation– Allow radiologist to annotate image in various ways
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Demonstration
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Evaluation
• The program is fully functional– Freehand annotation, panning, resizing,
contrast/brightness control, invert colors, image text data, save annotation text, save image in three file formats
• Limitations that prevent HIPAA compliance and practical commercialization at this point:
– Not DICOM-compliant– Using mySQL server to store images, not PACS
server– Save operation is not encrypted, encryption for
everything else uses only server authentication (client authentication would make access more secure)
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Conclusions
• Although this program will not be used by radiologists anytime soon, the fundamental idea behind the use of a PDA to view medical images is solid.
• Future work and development of both hardware and software will allow diagnostic compatibility at some point in the (probably near) future
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Future Work
• Overcoming aforementioned limitations
• Add biometric authentication
• E-mail support to send to referring physician or other radiologist
• Allow user to record voice and save along with image
• Implement video support for moving images
Viewing Medical Images on a Viewing Medical Images on a PDAPDA
NSF REU “Computer Applications to Medicine”University of Virginia, Summer 2006
Andrew Jurik, Vanderbilt University