Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________Topic: DNA Structure

Aim # _____:____________________________________________________________________________________

1) What is DNA?

2) Griffith’s Experiment:

3) Avery’s Experiment:

Page 1

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________

4) Hershey & Chase Experiment:

5) What are these instructions?

6) Where are the genes found?

7) What do our genes give us?

8) How many genes do we have?

Page 2

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________

9) How does DNA carry the code?

10) What is a nucleotide made up of?

11) What bases make up the DNA ladder rungs?

12) How do the bases pair up?

13) What holds the DNA base pairs together?

14) What in the DNA is unique in all organisms?

15) What part of the DNA carries the genetic code?

Page 3

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________Topic: DNA Replication

Aim # _____:____________________________________________________________________________________

1) What does the word replicate mean?

2) What do we get when DNA replicates?

3) What shape is DNA?

4) What scientists shared their work on DNA?

5) Why do our cells need to divide?

6) What does the DNA do before a cell divides?

7) Why must DNA replicate?

Page 4

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________

8) Steps of DNA Replication:

9) What process is this?

Page 5

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________Topic: Transcription & Translation

Aim # _____:____________________________________________________________________________________

1) Transcription:

2) Translation:

3) Central Dogma:

4) Where does transcription take place?

5) Where does translation take place?

Page 6

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________

6) First the DNA needs to get transcribed into mRNA:

7) Why do we need to make a coded copy of DNA?

8) How is DNA transcribed into mRNA?

9) DNA vs. RNA

Page 7

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________

10) Transcription vs. Replication:

11) Second, the mRNA needs to get translated into a protein:

12) How many mRNA bases equal 1 amino acid?

Page 8

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________

Use the chart to translate the codons:

UUU

ACA

CAC

GGG

AGA

CAG

Page 9

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________Topic: Protein Synthesis

Aim # _____:____________________________________________________________________________________

1) What are the main jobs of DNA?

2) How are proteins synthesized?

3) Why does mRNA have to leave the nucleus?

4) What is the function of ribosomes?

5) What transfers the amino acids to the ribosomes?

Page 10

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________

6) What are the parts of the tRNA?

7) How does the tRNA know what amino acid to deliver?

8) mRNA – tRNA – Amino Acid

GGG

AUC

ACC

CGU

9) mRNA vs. tRNA:

a) Messenger RNA-

b) Transfer RNA-

Page 11

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________

10) Steps of Protein Synthesis:

Page 12

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________Topic: Protein Shape

Aim # _____:____________________________________________________________________________________

1) What do enzymes, antibodies, hormones, hemoglobin, and cell membrane receptors have in common?

2) What determines a protein’s shape?

3) Protein Shape:

A)

B)

C)

Page 13

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________

4) Transcription & Translation:

5) Mutations:

6) What causes mutations in DNA?

7) How does a mutated protein affect a cell?

8) Types of Mutations:

Page 14

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________

9) Copy the normal DNA strand:

DNA

mRNA

Amino Acid Sequence

10) Substitution:

DNA

mRNA

Amino Acid Sequence

11) Deletion:

DNA

mRNA

Amino Acid Sequence

12) Insertion:

DNA

mRNA

Amino Acid Sequence

13) Inversion:

DNA

mRNA

Amino Acid SequencePage 15

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________

14) Point & Frameshift Mutations:

Page 16

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________Topic: Gene vs. Chromosome Mutations

Aim # _____:____________________________________________________________________________________

I. Chromosome Mutations:

1) What is nondisjunction?

2) Trisomy vs. Monosomy:

Page 17

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________

3) What causes nondisjunction to occur?

4) Chromosome Damage:

II. Gene Mutations:

1) What are gene mutations?

Page 18

Name___________________________________________________________ Date__________ Period_________

2) Cystic Fibrosis:

3) Tay-Sachs Disease:

4) Sickle Cell Anemia:

5) What do these three gene mutations have in common?

Page 19