Department of Agriculture

Govt. of Bihar

Project Proposal for

Introduction of Climate Smart Agricultural Practices to Improve the Resilience of Farmers in Bihar towards the impact of Climate Change

Technical Support:

DRPCAU, BAU & ICAR-RCER

For National Adaptation Fund for Climate

Change

1. Summary of the Project

1. Title of Project/Programme: Introduction of Climate Smart Agricultural Practices to Improve the Resilience of Farmers in Bihar towards the impact of Climate Change

2. Project/Programme Objective/s: The main aims and objectives of this project are as follows;1. To increase production, productivity of crops in

soil moisture stress/water submergence conditions 2. To change existing cropping pattern through crop

diversification3. To conserve soil and moisture through agro-

forestry4. To increase water use efficiency through micro

irrigation system.5. To provide soil and crop management as well as

risk management to mitigate the climate change6. To increase the capacity building of stake holders7. To increase income of farmers in the proposed

areas

3. Project/ Programme Sector: Agriculture

4. Name of Executing Entities/ Department:

Department of Agriculture, Government of Bihar

5. Beneficiaries: Farmers of selected districts of Bihar.

6. Project Duration: Start Date: End Date:

3 years May 2017 (tentative)June, 2020 (tentative)

7. Project Cost : Rs. 25,00,00,000

Project LocationState: District: Farm Family: Total population cover

BiharVarious Districts Total 67298 families Total 269193 person

Contact Details of Nodal Officer of the Executing Entity/ies/:

Email:

Mobile:

Shri Ganesh Ram,Director, Bihar Agriculture Management and Extension Training Institute (BAMETI), Department of Agriculture, Government of Biharbameti.bihar@gmail.com, bameti.bihar@rediffmail.com

Mobile: +91 7472257235, 0612-2220200

2. Project/ Programme Background and Context:a. To Provide brief information on the problem the proposed project/programme is

aiming to solve.b. To Outline the economic social, development and climate change in line with the State

Action plan on climate change and relevant Missions under National Action Plan on Climate Change.

c. To Include climate analysis and vulnerability analysis.d. Project Location details – villages, block, districte. Demographic details of the population – total population (for area in operation), sex-

disintegrated data, small and marginal, etc. 2.1 Bihar's economy is dominated by the Agricultural Sector. The annual growth rate of

agriculture and animal husbandry for the state increased from about 2.4 percent for the period 1999-00 to 2004-05 to about 3.7 percent for the period 2004-50 to 2010-11. However, the state is far below its full agricultural potential. Bihar's low agricultural productivity coupled with a large agriculture dependent population (with close to 80% of the population employed in agricultural production systems) is one of the main reasons for the state's high level of rural poverty, low nutritional levels and migration of labour. Although agricultural productivity has improved in the state in recent years, significant investments are still required in infrastructure, technologies and R&D to further boost productivity levels and leverage the fairly abundant supply of natural resources like Ganges-fed water and fertile soil.

Agriculture productivity has improved in the state in recent years due to improved seeds, technologies and inputs, but it is still far below the potential level. Low agricultural productivity is one of the main reasons for low returns to agriculture in the state. The main reasons for low agricultural productivity are inequitable distribution of water for irrigation, inadequate number of shallow tube-wells, ineffective use of rain water, lack of credit and agricultural insurance especially for small and marginal farmers, un-remunerative prices etc. Apart from the above factors, climate change is also having an adverse impact on productivity levels in the state.

The farmers are facing a lot of problems due to climatic changes due to the following reasons:

1. Sometimes delayed monsoons2. Sometimes early monsoons but dry spells for a long time3. Intermittent and uneven distribution of rainfall in the state4. Drought or soil moisture deficit due to low rainfall.5. Some areas experience drought whereas others have floods6. Sometimes floods occur due to excessive rains

Due to the above reason the productivity of the crops is decreasing day by day and income of the farmers is also very low.2.2 Thought the state has good soils, adequate rainfall and groundwater availability, it has not

realized its full agriculture potential. Main issues, in the overall context are related to availability and implementation of new technologies, market mechanization and introduction of climate resilient crop and water management, increase irrigation efficiency and capacity building of the field functionaries, stakeholders and progressive farmers for risk management. it is urgent that Bihar's limited resource should be used judiciously, more so in the incipient climate change scenario.

The spatial and temporal distribution of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) during June-September largely affects agricultural yields. The departure in minimum and maximum temperatures form average values influences plant physiological conditions viz., respiration, water requirement, and growth, thereby affecting yields. Extreme weather conditions such as floods, droughts, heat and cold waves, flash floods, cyclones, hail storms, etc. are constant hazards for agricultural production. Potential risks to the agricultural system from changing climatic conditions can be identified at multiple levels.

Climatic variability directly impacts yields at crop level and also affects soil quality' water resources; brings in pests' diseases and weeds, etc. further aggravating the impact on the cropping system, thereby reducing the yield per hectare of land or per unit of livestock at the farm level. The adverse impacts of climatic variability on agriculture production at farm level gets aggregated to the level of the food system in terms of food shortages and rising prices, which can also endanger food and livelihood security.

At the crop level, in the short term, increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is likely to compensate the negative effect on yields due to increase in temperature, but as temperature increases further, it would result in yield losses. Most crop simulation studies have predicted a decrease in thee yield of crops with an increase in temperature. Further, adverse temperature and moisture conditions affect the quality of food grains.2.3 Climate change my have significant effect on the quality of plantation and cash crops

such as fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, aromatic & medicinal plants, etc. Change in climate is likely to bring about a change in the population dynamics, growth and distribution of insects and pests thereby, upsetting crop-pest balance. Drought conditions would increase pathogen and insect survival rate due to change in plant nutrient level and decrease in plant defense system. These changes could lead to enormous crop losses in altered environment.

An increase in temperature also leads to increased evapo-transpirations, thereby lowering groundwater table and adversely affective irrigation potential. At some places, increased surface temperature coupled with reduced rainfall may lead to accumulation of salts in upper soil layers.

Production of crop is greatly influenced by weather phenomena and therefore any change in climate will have major effect on crop yield and productivity . The temperature, air movement, solar radiation, humidity and soil moisture are major climatic factors influencing the crop phonology. The projected increase in temperature is less in kharif season that of in the Rabi.2.4 Trend analysis of 58 years of weather data (Table 1) for a set of climate extreme indices

from representatives centre falling in different Agro ecological zones of Bihar revealed the signs of climate change induces variability in intensity, frequency and duration of temperature and rainfall events. The climate projections of Bihar for 2050 further revealed increasing trends in both maximum and minimum temperatures (2-40C in every month coupled with much more variability (-25 to + 30%) in the monthly rainfall patterns which will have large implications on the Agriculture, Food Security and Livelihoods of the rural masses.

Table 1. Annual temperature and rainfall trends over Bihar (Based up on 58 years of weather data)

Agro Climatic

zone

Maximum temperature

Minimum temperature

Mean temperature

Rainfall Districts

Zone-I Decreasing (-0.12)

Increasing (+0.015)

Increasing (+0.002)

Increasing (0.31)

West Champaran, East Champaran, Siwan, Saran, Sitamarhi, Sheohar, Muzaffarpur, VAishali, Madhubani, Darbhanga, Samastipur, Gopalganj, Begusarai

Zone-II Increasing (+0.13)

Increasing (+0.068)

Increasing (+0.041)

Decreasing (-4.23)

Purnea, Katihar, Saharsa, Supaul, Madhepura, Khagaria, Araria, Ksihanganj

Zone- IIIA

Decreasing (0.01)

Increasing b (+0.011)

Decreasing (-0.001)

Increasing (+2.48)

Sheikhpura, Munger, Jamui, Lakhisarai, Bhagalpur, Banka

Zone-IIIB

Decreasing (-0.003)

Increasing (+0.027)

Increasing (0.012)

Decreasing (-3.89)

Rohtas, Bhojpur, Buxar, Bhabhua, Arwal, Patna, Nalanda, Nawada, Jehanabad, Aurangabad, Gaya

(Source : BAU, Sabour) The scenarios of increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, the climate change

impact on wheat and winter maize shows that simulated yield of wheat is possible to decrease in 2050s and 2080s. Maize with increased CO2 and consequent rise in temperature shows a decrease in duration and days from the business as usual scenario. Based on the Tmax, Tmin, drought and flood severity, available water capacity, population density, average yield, net shown area, cropping intensity, percentage area irrigated, livestock density and many others, a vulnerability index map is prepared which shows that most parts of the central and south Bihar are quite high on the vulnerability index.

2.5 Existing land use patterns and demographic details of the population for the area covered by the proposed project :

Total geographical area of Bihar = 93.6 Lakh Ha.Net sown area = 52.59 Lakh Ha.Total Cropped area = 71.94 Lakh Ha.Cropping intensity = 136%Total paddy area during kharif = 34.0 Lakh Ha.Total Maize area during kharif = 4.75 Lakh Ha.Total Arhar area during kharif = 0.76 Lakh Ha.Total Urad area during kharif = 0.27 Lakh Ha.Total Moong area during kharif = 0.22 Lakh Ha.Total Groundnut area during kharif = 0.04 Lakh Ha.Total Til area during kharif = 0.08 Lakh Ha.

Total geographical area covered under the project = 26,580.7 Ha.Population Density = 1106 persons/sq. km = 11.06 person/Ha.Total population covered by the project = 11.06 x 24339.32= 269193 personTotal farm family covered = 67298

3. Project/ Programme Objectives :These are the following main objectives of this project-

1. To increase productions, productivity of the crops in soil moisture stress as well as waterlogged condition.

2. To change existing cropping pattern through crop diversification.3. To conserve soil & moisture through agro forestry.4. To increase water use efficiency through micro irrigation system. 5. To provide soil & crop management as well as risk management against the climate

change.6. To develop capacity building for extension functionaries, stakeholders and progressive

farmers to mitigate the effect of climate change.7. To increase income of farmers.

4. Details of Project/ Programme Executing AgencyDepartment of Agriculture, Government of Bihar will be the main executing entity for

the project. However, different project components will be executed by different wings within the dept. of agriculture as listed below:

S.No. Project Component Executing Agency Monitoring and Supervision Agency

1. Agro Forestry under Soil Conservation

Deputy Director, Soil Conservation

Directorate of Soil Conservation

2. Augmentation of Micro Irrigation System

Assistant Director Horticulture

Directorate of Horticulture/ Bihar Horticulture Development Society

3. A. Crop diversification District Agriculture Officer

Directorate of Agriculture

B. Zero tillage demonstration of wheat

District Agriculture Officer

-do-

4. Capacity building development and extension activities

Project Director, ATMA

Bihar Agriculture Management and Extension Training Institute (BAMETI)

5. Project/Programme component and Financing

(Financial in Rs. Lakh)

S. No.

Name of Directorate

Project/ Programme Component

Expected Outcome

Duration2017-18

to2019-20

Physical Target

Financial Target

1 2 3 7 4 5 61. Soil

ConservationAgro Forestry 1. Improve soil

and water management2. Improve climate resilience intervention areas

03 Years 111.36 ha 216.30

2. Horticulture Augmentation of Micro Irrigation System

Water use efficiency will be improved

03 Years 2033.91 ha 480.00

3. Agriculture

(A) Crop diversificationi. Maize with Arhar intercropping

Risk Management for Soil moisture stress condition through low water requirementCrop like maize, arhar, bajra and soyabean.

03 Years 4500.00 ha 261.00

ii. Demonstration of Bajara

03 Years 2800.00 ha 105.00

iii. Demonstration of Soyabean

03 Years 2500.00 ha 187.50

iv. Certified seed production of Arhar

03 Years 240.00 ha 84.00

v. Demonstration of Marua

03 Years 600.00 ha 30.00

B.1. Zero Tillage demonstration of wheat

For risk management and adaptation

03 Years 3900 ha 257.4

B.2. Zero tillage demonstration of gram in rice fallow

03 years 3000 ha 201.00

C. Direct Seeded Rice

03 Years 4500.00 ha 225.00

Total 24185.27 ha

1350.9

D. Field Day and Crop cutting for clusters @ 10 ha per cluster

03 Years 2500.00 Cluster

100.00

Total 1450.9

4. BAMETI 1. Organizing Workshop

Creation of technical knowhow of field functionaries will be increased

03 Years 38 X 03 Yrs X Rs. 1,00,000

114.00

2. Capacity Building DevelopmentA. State Level Stakeholder

Capacity building of all kinds of stakeholders will be increased

03 Years 155 participants

X3 yrsX Rs. 2000

9.30

BAMETI B. District/Block Level Stakeholder

Capacity building of all kinds of stakeholders will be increased

03 Years 38 Districts X50

Participant X2 (kharif & rabi) X3 years X Rs.

1000

114.00

3. Exposure visitWithin the state

Technical knowledge will be increased seeing by believing

03 Years 38 Districts X 5 X 03 Yrs X Rs.

400

2.28

4.Exposure visitInter state

Technical knowledge will be increased seeing by believing

03 Years 38 Districts X 3 X 03 Yrs X Rs.

800

2.736

Total 242.316Grand Total (1 to 4)

2389.516

5. Contingency and Project Management Cost @ 4.6%

110.484

Total Project Cost 2500.00

6. Time line for project preparation and implementation

S.No. Activity Due Date Responsibility1. Preparation and submission of Detail

Project Report (DPR) to concerned Directorate for approval of State Steering Committee

February 2017 DAO/DD(Soil)/ ADH/PD/ JDA/Concerned Directorate

2. Review and approval of proposed plan by State Steering Committee

March 2017 Member Secretary of State Steering Committee

3. Identification of Blocks/Villages/ Clusters and responsible persons for implementation

10-20 April, 2017

DAO/DD(Soil)/ADH/PD/ JDA

4. Planning and capacity development workshops in each priotitised districts for Kharif season

20-30 April, 2017

DAO/DD(Soil)/ADH/PD/ JDA/ Concerned Directorate

S.No. Activity Due Date Responsibility5. Organize inputs distribution camps

for pilots from various schemes (Kharif)

10-20 May, 2017

DAO/DD(Soil)/ADH/PD/ JDA

6. Pilot/ implementation of project 25 May- 30 September, 2017

DAO/DD(Soil)/ADH/PD/ JDA

7. Midterm meeting/awareness events/ travailing seminar/field day/feed back for Kharif

February 2018 DAO/DD(Soil)/ADH/PD/ JDA/Other Resource Person / KVK/CAU/SAU/ICAR/ BISA

8. Steering committee meeting End of February, 2018

State Steering Committee Member

9. Planning and capacity development workshops in each priotitised districts for Rabi season

September, 2018

DAO/DD(Soil)/ADH/PD/ JDA/ Concerned Directorate

10. Organize inputs distribution camps for pilots from various schemes (Rabi)

10 October - 10 November, 2018

DAO/DD(Soil)/ADH/PD/ JDA

11. Pilot/ implementation of project 01 November - 15 December, 2018

DAO/DD(Soil)/ADH/PD/ JDA

12. Midterm meeting/awareness events/ travailing seminar/field day/feed back for Rabi

February, 2019 DAO/DD(Soil)/ADH/PD/ JDA/Other Resource Person / KVK/CAU/SAU/ICAR/ BISA

13. Steering committee meeting End of February, 2019

State Steering Committee Member

14. Synthesize and document learning of interventions from one year pilot for scaling them further

May - June, 2018

DAO/DD(Soil)/ADH/PD/ JDA/Other Resource Person / KVK/CAU/SAU/ICAR/ BISA

7. Project/ Programme Justification

7.1. Agro Forestry under Soil Conservation7.2. Augmentation of Micro Irrigation System 7.3. Crop diversification7.3.1. Maize with Arhar intercropping 7.3.2. Demonstration of Bajara7.3.3. Demonstration of Soyabean7.3.4. Certified seed production of Arhar7.3.5. Demonstration of Marua7.4. Zero Tillage demonstration of wheat7.5. Zero tillage demonstration of gram in rice fallow land7.6. Direct Seeded Rice

8. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

8.1. Selection of District/Block/Gram and fixation of target - 8.1.1. The district will be selected by the concern directorate on the basis of the climatic

variability with the approval of State Steering Committee.8.1.2. The Implementing Agency will select the block, panchayat and village.8.1.3. The programme will be executed on cluster basis and the cluster will be of at least 25

Acres.8.1.4. The Implementing Agency will identify and select the separate cluster villages for each

programme component. Such type of another programmes will not be executed or taken in that cluster village from any other scheme.

8.1.5. The whole and sole responsibility of execution will be the authorised executing agency.8.1.6. The concerned directorate will prepare an annual action plan for execution of

programme component and target will be fixed for 03 years prior to the start of work and a copy will be send to the controlling-cum-supervision authority.

8.2. Selection of Village and cluster - 8.2.1. The cluster site should be on the bank of the road which is easily accessible to the

farmers and other stakeholders. 8.2.2. The village and cluster site should be selected as per need basis. 8.2.3. Cluster should be minimum 10 ha of area. 8.2.4. Subsidy will be given to the farmer for one acre or as per the norms of the concerned

directorate under central/state sponsored schemes provision. 8.3. Selection of farmers -8.3.1. The progressive/ affected farmers should be selected.8.3.2. There should be at least 16% SC and 1% ST farmers among the farmers. 33% women

farmers should be given priority. 8.3.3. Those farmers should be selected who may ready for preparation of land, sowing of

crops and bear the cost of irrigation with their own capacity. 8.3.4. Landless cultivating farmers will also take advantage from this scheme. The farm

owners who are not cultivating their lands, they will not be given subsidy. 8.3.5. The list of farmers will be prepared by the Agriculture Coordinator/Kisan Salahkar/

Block Technology Manager/Assistant Technology Manager/ Horticulture Officers/Soil Conservation Officers/Authorised Personnel of the concerned directorate and the list of these farmers will be submitted to the executing agency.

8.3.6. The selected farmers will be given a sanction letter in prescribed performa as an identification.

8.4. Procedure for execution of demonstration/programme component-8.4.1. The programme component will be executed in cluster as mentioned in the above

paragraphs. 8.4.2. Every cluster village will be tagged to one scientist of nearest KVK/ one specialist of

Agriculture like BTM/ATM/Agriculture Coordinator/others for guidance and

supervision of the cluster farmers who will visit the cluster time-to-time and give advice to the farmers.

8.4.3. A flaxy board will be displayed on the site of the demonstrations/cluster on which name of the block, panchayat, village, name of programme component, inputs given with quantity, subsidy and other important information should be printed.

8.5. Procedure for input distribution and subsidy payment-8.5.1. The inputs like seed, fertilizers, pesticides and others will be distributed to the selected

farmers at block level camps during Kharif/Rabi/Garma Mahotsav (Kharif/ Rabi/ Garma Mahabhiyan) prior to the sowing season (Kharif/Rabi/Summer).

8.5.2. At least 03 to 04 dealers per block will be identified by the executing agency for distribution of the inputs.

8.5.3. The input dealers will come in camp and display their inputs with rate. 8.5.4. The farmers will purchase all the inputs as per the demonstration model/ programme

component with their own choice. 8.5.5. The subsidy will be given to the farmers/beneficiaries as per norms of the programme

component. 8.5.6. The subsidy will be given to the farmers/beneficiaries through Direct Benefit Transfer

(DBT).8.6. Organisation of Field Day and crop cutting-8.6.1. Field day will be organised on each cluster site at the time of the maturity of the crops.8.6.2. Crop cutting of that cluster will be organised and the yield performance will be

recorded per ha/acre. 8.6.3. At the same time the crop cutting of the control plot will also be organised and yield

will be recorded to compare the productivity with the demonstration plot/ cluster site plot.

8.6.4. Local farmers, public representatives and agriculture scientists/officers will be invited to visit the field day and crop cutting for its extension.

8.6.5. The productivity of each cluster will be recorded and it will be sent to the implementing agency. The implementing agency will send it to the concerned directorate and concerned directorate will keep the data records for knowing the effect of the programme component.

8.7. Success Story -8.7.1. The farmers for excellent work/ getting highest productivity for each component will

be selected and their success stories will be prepared. The success stories will be printed and distributed to other farmers to adopt their technologies.

9. Administrative and technical supervision Constitution of committee at different level for project implementation

a) Describe the arrangements for project / programme implementation.

i. Who will implement the project and what are their comparative Advantages and capacity compared to other potential implementing institutions?

The implementation of the project will be through a multi-department coordination with the overall responsibility led by Department of Agriculture, Government of Bihar.

The committee will be constituted at different levels for implementation of the scheme which is as follows:Agency/committee Constitution and its responsibilityState Steering Committee Project Steering Committee headed by the Agriculture Production Commissioner/

Principal Secretary, Agriculture will advise the project in administrative, financial and technical guidance and implementation, ensuring full implementation of project actions and review progress of the project against the agreed time lines. Constitution of Committee is given below;

Agriculture Production Commissioner/Principal Secretary - Chairman Principal Secretary, Environment & Forest/Representative - Member VC DRPCAU - Member VC BAU - Member Director Agriculture - Member Director Horticulture - Member Managing Director, BRBN - Member Director, ICAR - Member Director PPM, Bihar - Member Director Soil Conservation - Member CGM, NABARD, Bihar - Member Director, BAMETI - Member

Secretary Technical Advisory Committee

Technical Advisory Committee headed by Director, Agriculture with following members:

Director Agriculture - Chairman Director Horticulture - Member Director Animal Husbandry - Member Director Environment and Forest - Member Director Extension DRPCAU, Pusa - Member Director Extension, BAU, Sabour - Member Director, ICAR-RCER, Patna - Member Director, PPM - Member Director, Soil Conservation - Member Sr. Scientist, BISA - Member Representative of Farmers (05) - Member

Nominated by APC/P.S., Agriculture on recommendation of Director Agriculture

Director BAMETI - Member Secretary

TAC will be responsible for: Preparing the implementation plan Providing technical guidance Regular reviewing the progress of the implementation of the project Overseeing execution of project activities, fund administration of the project.

Director Environment (DoE)

DoE will be responsible for the following tasks: Oversee the project and main link with MoE FCC/NABARD for receiving

the funds Fund flow management, monitoring and reviewing the progress of the

activityDirector Agriculture Implementation and supervision of Climate Change Adaptation measures in

the beneficiary households in consultation with DRPCAU, BAU, ICAR-CRER

Preparing progress report for Agriculture Sector interventions for the steering and Technical committee meetings that will happen annually/quarterly

Preparing and submitting report and Utilisation Certificates to the NABARD/ DoE

Director Horticulture Implementation and supervision of Climate Change Adaptation measures in the beneficiary households in consultation with DRPCAU, BAU, ICAR-CRER

Preparing progress report for Horticulture Sector interventions for the steering and Technical committee meetings that will happen annually/quarterly

Preparing and submitting report and Utilisation Certificates to the NABARD/ DoE.

Director Soil Conservation

Implementation and supervision of Climate Change Adaptation measures in the beneficiary households in consultation with DRPCAU, BAU, ICAR-CRER

Preparing progress report for Soil Conservation Sector interventions for the steering and Technical committee meetings that will happen annually/quarterly

Preparing and submitting report and Utilisation Certificates to the NABARD/ DoE

DRPCAU /BAU/ICAR Providing training to line departments on agronomic, NRM and economic adaptation measures in consultation with DoA

Arranging exposure visits to target villages/farms where adaptation measures are implemented in consultation with DoA

BAMETI Capacity building, extension and publicityDistrict Development Committee

Selection of Block/Village Cluster Implementation of the Scheme Conducting stakeholder workshops and consultations at the state, district

and community levels on appraising climate change impacts Identification and finalising agriculture adaptation measures through

research outputs and field demonstrations in the selected study villages in consultation with farming community

Providing agro advisories in consultation with DoH, DoAH, DRPCAU, BAU, ICAR-CRER, CIMMYT-CCAFS-BISA

Development a web portal to house the central knowledge repository on project activities to enable evidence based policy in consultation with DoH, DoAH, RAU, BAU, ICAR-CRER, CIMMYT-CCAFS-BISA

Preparation of Progress report.Constitution of District Development Committee will be as follows; District Agriculture Officer - Chairman Project Director ATMA - Member Secretary Assistant Director Horticulture - Member Assistant Director Plant Protection - Member Project Coordinator KVK - Member Deputy Director Soil Conservation

(Concerned District) - Member

DirectorBAMETI, Bihar, Patna