adubablog.files.wordpress.com · Web viewChapter 11: The Endocrine System Structure and Function...
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Chapter 11: The Endocrine System
Structure and Function Network of ductless glands and other structures that affect the function of targeted organs by
secreting hormones.
Thymus gland Located anterior and superior to the heart
Secretes thymosin to regulate _____________________________________________________________________
Adrenal glands Located above each kidney
Adrenal cortex (outer portion of the gland) Secretes hormones which regulate ________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Adrenal medulla (inner portion of the gland)
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine which regulate ______________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ovaries Located one on each side of the uterus Secretes
Estrogen— responsible for development of female secondary sex characteristics and regulation of reproduction
Progesterone– pregnancy hormone
Testes Located one on each side within the scrotum Secretes
Testosterone– causes maturation of sperm and secondary sex characteristics in men
Pancreas Located behind the stomach Secretes
insulin and glucagon, both of which help to regulate _____________________________________________ levels during times of fasting and immediately after a meal
Diseases associated with the pancreas
________________________________________________________________________________________ Uncontrolled diabetes due to an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood.
This makes the blood acidic and can lead to a diabetic coma.
_________________________________________________________________________________________ Due to increased levels of sugar in the blood Lab tests used to determine pancreatic function
__________________________________________________________________________________________ Measurement of blood sugar levels after a fast of 12 hours
__________________________________________________________________________________________ Measurement of blood sugar levels 2 hours after eating
__________________________________________________________________________________________ Measures the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar levels for 4-6 hours after
consuming a specific amount of glucose
Treatments associated with pancreatic disorders
Insulin injections Modified diet _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Use of insulin delivery device worn on the body that subcutaneously infuses doses of insulin programmed according to the individual needs of the patient
Pineal gland Located in center of brain
Secretes melatonin (sleep/wake cycles)
Thyroid gland Located in front of neck Secretes
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________ to regulate metabolism
Calcitonin helps regulate calcium levels in the blood
Parathyroid glands Posterior to the thyroid gland Secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Also aids in calcium and phosphorous levels in the blood
Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
Pituitary gland Anterior pituitary gland
Located at base of brain Secretes
________________________________________________________________________________________________ Stimulates thyroid to release T3 and T4
________________________________________________________________________________________________ Controls secretions from the adrenal glands
________________________________________________________________________________________________ Responsible for maturation of ovum in women and sperm production in
males
________________________________________________________________________________________________ Causes ovulation in women and testosterone secretion in men
________________________________________________________________________________________________ Affects skin pigmentation
________________________________________________________________________________________________ Influences growth
Prolactin
Posterior pituitary gland Releases _______________________________________________________________________________ and oxytocin
ADH influences water absorption by the kidneys