Viettel Training Document 2009

8/14/2019 Viettel Training Document 2009

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TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng 1

BI GING VIETTEL


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LI NI U

Ngy ny thng tin di ng l ngnh cng nghip vin thng pht trin

nhanh nht vi con s thu bao t n 3,6 t tnh n cui nm 2008. Khingun t dch v thoi t tin cho mt s t ngi i xe, n nay vi s ng

dng ngy cng rng ri cc thit b thng tin di ng th h ba, thng tin di

ng c th cung cp nhiu hnh loi dch v i hi tc s liu cao cho

ngi s dng k c cc chc nng camera, MP3 v PDA. Vi cc dch v i

hi tc cao ngy cc tr nn ph bin ny, nhu cu 3G cng nh pht trin n

ln 4G ngy cng tr nn cp thit.

ITU a ra n tiu chun ho h thng thng tin di ng th h ba

vi tn gi IMT-2000 t c cc mc tiu chnh sau y:

Tc truy nhp cao mbo cc dch v bng rng nh truy nhpinternet nhanh hoc cc ng dng a phng tin, do yu cu ngy cng

tng v cc dch v ny.

Linh hot m bo cc dch v mi nh nh s c nhn ton cu vin thoi v tinh. Cc tnh nng ny s cho php m rng ng k tm

ph ca cc h thng thng tin di ng.

Tng thch vi cc h thng thng tin di ng hin c m bo spht trin lin tc ca thng tin di ng .

Nhiu tiu chun cho h thng thng tin di ng th h ba IMT-2000 c xut, trong hai h thng WCDMA UMTS v cdma-2000 c

ITU chp thun v c a vo hot ng. Cc h thng ny u s dng

cng ngh CDMA iu ny cho php thc hin tiu chun ton th gii cho giao

din v tuyn ca h thng thng tin ng th h ba.


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HSDPA (High Speech Downlink Packet Access: truy nhp gi ng

xung tc cao) l mt m rng ca cc h thng 3G WCDMA UMTS c

th cung cp tc ln n 10 Mbps trn ng xung. HSDPA l mt chun

tng cng ca 3GPP-3G nhm tng dung lng ng xung bng cch thay

th iu ch QPSK trong 3G UMTS bng 16QAM trong HSDPA. HSDPA hotng trn c s kt hp ghp knh theo thi gian (TDM) vi ghp knh theo m

v s dng thch ng ngtruyn. N cng a ra mt knh iu khin ring

m bo tc truyn dn s liu. Cc k thut tng t cng c p dng

cho ng ln trong chun HSUPA (High Speech Uplink Packet Access). Hai

cng ngh truy nhp HSDPA v HSUPA c gi chung l HSPA (High Speed

Packet Data). lm cho cng ngh 3GPP UTRA/UTRAN mang tnh cnh

tranh hn na (ch yu l cnh tranh vi cc cng ngh mi ca 3GPP2 v

WiMAX), 3GPP quyt nh pht trin E-UTRA v E-UTRAN (E: Elvolved k

hiu cho pht trin) cn c gi l siu 3G (Super-3G) hay LTE (Long Term

Evolution) m thc cht l giai on u 4G. Cng vic pht trin s tin hnh

trong 10 nm v sau nh l s pht trin di hn (LTE: Long Term

Evolution) ca cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn 3GPP. Trong giai on ny tc

s liu t c 30-100Mbps vi bng thng 20MHz. Tip sau LTE, IMT-Adv

(IMT tin tin) s c pht trin, y s l thi k pht trin ca 4G vi tc

t 100 n 1000 Mbps v bng thng 100MHz.Hnh L.1 cho thy vin cnh ca

thng tin di ng 4G v kh nng p ng tc chuyn ng v v tc

truyn s liu.


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B3G: Broad Band 3G: 3G bng rng

WLAN: Wirless Local Area Network: Mng ni vng khng dy

BWA: Broad Band Wirless Access: truy nhp khng dy bng rng

Hnh L.1. Vin cnh thng tin di ng 4G theo kh nng h tr tc chuyn

ng v tc truyn s liu

Hin nay tai Vit Nam bng tn I dnh cho WCDMA c chia l bn

khe v c cp pht cho bn nh khai thc: Viettel, VMS, GPC, EVN+HT.

Trong cc nm ti 3GWCDMA UMTS s ctrin khai trn bngtn ny.

Bi ging Gii thiu cng ngh 3G WCDMA UMTS nhm cung cp

cc khi nim c bn v cng ngh 3G WCDMA UMTS cho cc cn b TngCng ty Vin Thng Qun i (Viettel).

Bi ging bao gm bn chng. Chng u trnh by khi qut chung v

s pht trin ca cc h thng thng tin di ngln 4G, kin trc chung camt

mng 3G; cc kin trc R3, R4, R5 v R6 ca mng thng tin di ng 3G


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WCDMA UMTS. Chng haitrnh bya truy nhp CDMA v cc k thut

lin quan cp dng cho WCDMA. Chng ba gii thiu giao din v tuyn

c WCDMA. Chng bn gii thiu cng ngh a truy nhp tc cao HSPA

Cc chng ca ti liu ny u c kt cu theo modul hc vin d

hchc. Mi chng u c phn gii thiu chung, ni dungv tng kt.

H ng ngy12 thng 6nm 2009

Tc gi


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MC LC

Chng 1 TNG QUAN MNG 3G WCDMA UMTS...................................10

1.1. GII THIU CHUNG...........................................................................10

1.2. L TRNH PHT TRIN THNG TIN DI NG LN 4G...............11

1.3. KIN TRC CHUNG CA MT H THNG THNG TIN DI NG

3G ................................................................................................................ 13

1.4. CHUYN MCH KNH (CS), CHUYN MCH GI (PS), DCH V

CHUYN MCH KNH V DCH V CHUYN MCH GI. ..............15

1.5. CC LOI LU LNG V DCH V C 3GWCDMA UMTS

H TR.......................................................................................................20

1.6. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R3 ..................................................23

1.7. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R4 ..................................................37

1.8. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R5 v R6 ........................................ 39

1.9. CHIN LC DCH CHUYN T GSM SANG UMTS ....................42

1.10. CU HNH A L CA H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G 46

1.11. TNG KT .........................................................................................52

Chng 2CNG NGH A TRUY NHP CA WCDMA ..........................53

2.1. GII THIU CHUNG...........................................................................53

2.2. TRI PH V A TRUY NHP PHN CHIA THEO M................54

2.3. IU KHIN CNG SUT.................................................................60


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2.4. CHUYN GIAO TRONG H THNG CDMA....................................61

2.5. MY THU PHN TP A NG HAY MY THU RAKE...........64

2.6. CC M TRI PH S DNG TRONG WCDMA ...........................67

2.7. TRI PH V IU CH NG LN ........................................... 69

2.8. TRI PH V IU CH NG XUNG.....................................73

2.9. TNG KT ...........................................................................................77

Chng 3GIAO DIN V TUYN CA WCDMA UMTS .......................... 79

3.1. GII THIU CHUNG...........................................................................79

3.2. M U...............................................................................................80

3.3. KIN TRC NGN XP GIAO THC CA GIAO DIN V TUYN

WCDMA/FDD.............................................................................................82

3.4. CC THNG S LP VT L V QUY HOCH TN S.............84

3.5. CC KNH CA WCDMA .................................................................91

3.6. CU TRC KNH VT L RING................................................. 105

3.7. S TNG QUT MY PHT V MY THU WCDMA.......... 107

3.8. PHN TP PHT .............................................................................. 108

3.9. IU KHIN CNG SUT TRONG WCDMA ................................ 111

3.10. CC KIU CHUYN GIAO V CC SKIN BO CO TRONG

WCDMA.................................................................................................... 116

3.11. CC THNG S MY THU V PHT V TUYN CA UE .....119


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3.12. AMR CODEC CHO W-CDMA......................................................... 120

3.13. TNG KT ....................................................................................... 121

Chng 4TRUY NHP GI TC CAO (HSPA) .................................. 123

4.1. GII THIU CHUNG......................................................................... 123

4.2. TNG QUAN TRUY NHP GI TC CAO (HSPA) ................124

4.3. KIN TRC NGN XP GIAO THC GIAO DIN V TUYN

HSPA CHO S LIU NGI S DNG ................................................ 126

4.4. TRUY NHP GI TC CAO NG XUNG (HSDPA) .......128

4.5. TRUY NHP GI TC CAO NG LN (HSUPA).............. 145

4.6. CHUYN GIAO TRONG HSDPA ..................................................... 156

4.7. TNG KT ......................................................................................... 160

Thut ng v vit tt....................................................................................... 161

Ti liu tham

kho..100


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Chng 1

TNG QUAN MNG 3G WCDMA UMTS

1.1. GII THIU CHUNG

1.1.1. Mc ch chng

Hiu l trnh pht trin thng tin di ngln 4G Hiu c kin trc tng qut ca mt mng thng tin di ng 3G. Hiu cc kin trc mng 3G WCDMA UMTS: R3, R4 v R5 v chin

lc chuyn dch GSM ln 3G UMTS

1.1.2. Cc ch c trnh by trong chng

L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G Kin trc chung ca mt mng thng tin di ng 3G Cc khi nim v cc dch v chuyn mch knh v cc dch v chuyn

mch gi

Cc loi lulng v cc loi dch v m 3G WCDMA UMTS c th htr


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Kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS qua cc pht hnh khc nhau: R3, R4, R5v R6

Chin lc chuyn dch GSM ln 3G UMTS

1.1.3. Hng dn

Hc k cc t liu ctrnh by trong chng

Tham kho thm cc ti liu tham kho cui ti liu

1.2. L TRNH PHT TRIN THNG TIN DI NG LN 4G

L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G ccho trn

hnh 1.1 v l trnh nghin cu pht trin trong 3GPP c cho trn hnh 1.2..


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AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System

TACS: Total Access Communication System

GSM: Global System for Mobile Telecommucations

WCDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

EVDO: Evolution Data Only

IMT: International Mobile Telecommnications

IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electtronics Engineers

WiFi: Wireless Fidelitity

WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

LTE: Long Term Evolution

UMB: Untra Mobile Broadband

Hnh 1.1. L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G


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Hnh 1.2. Lch trnh nghin cu pht trin trong 3GPP

Hnh 1.3. cho thy l trnh tng tc truyn s liu trong cc pht hnh ca3GPP

Hnh 1.3. L trnh tng tc truyn s liu trong cc pht hnh ca 3GPP

1.3. KIN TRC CHUNG CA MT H THNG THNG TINDI NG

3G


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Mng thng tin di ng (TTD) 3G lc u s l mng kt hp gia cc

vng chuyn mch gi (PS) v chuyn mch knh (CS) truyn s liu gi v

ting. Cc trung tm chuyn mch gi s l cc chuyn mch s dng cng ngh

ATM. Trn ng pht trin n mng ton IP, chuyn mch knh s dn c

thay th bng chuyn mch gi. Cc dch v k c s liu ln thi gian thc (nhting v video) cui cng s c truyn trn cng mt mi trng IP bng cc

chuyn mch gi. Hnh 1.4di y cho thy th d v mt kin trc tng qut

ca TTD 3G kt hp c CS v PS trong mng li.

RAN: Radio Access Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn

BTS: Base Transceiver Station: trm thupht gc

BSC: Base Station Controller: b iu khin trm gc

RNC: Rado Network Controller: b iu khin trm gc

CS: Circuit Switch: chuyn mch knh

PS: Packet Switch: chuyn mch gi

SMS: Short Message Servive: dch v nhn tin


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Server: my ch

PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network: mng in thoi chuyn mch

cng cng

PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network: mang di ng cng cng mt t

Hnh 1.4. Kin trc tng qut ca mt mng di ng kt hp c CS v PS

Cc min chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS) c th hin

bng mt nhm cc n v chc nng lgic: trong thc hin thc t cc min

chc nng ny c t vo cc thit b v cc nt vt l. Chng hn c th

thc hin chc nng chuyn mch knh CS (MSC/GMSC) v chc nng

chuyn mch gi (SGSN/GGSN) trong mt nt duy nht c mt h thng

tch hp cho php chuyn mch v truyn dn cc kiu phng tin khc nhau:

t lu lng tingn lu lng s liu dung lng ln.

3G UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System: H thng

thng tin di ng ton cu) c th s dng hai kiu RAN. Kiu th nht s dngcng ngh a truy nhp WCDMA (Wide Band Code Devision Multiple Acces:

a truy nhp phn chia theo m bng rng) c gi l UTRAN (UMTS

Terrestrial Radio Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t ca UMTS). Kiu

th hai s dng cng ngh a truy nhp TDMA c gi l GERAN (GSM

EDGE Radio Access Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn da trn cng ngh

EDGE ca GSM). Ti liu ch xt cp n cng ngh duy nht trong

UMTS cgi l 3G WCDMA UMTS

1.4. CHUYN MCH KNH (CS), CHUYN MCH GI (PS), DCH V

CHUYN MCH KNH V DCH V CHUYN MCH GI.


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3G cung cp cc dch v chuyn mch knh nh ting, video v cc dch

v chuyn mch gi ch yu truy nhp internet.

Chuyn mch knh (CS: Circuit Switch)l s chuyn mch trong

thit b chuyn mch thc hin cc cuc truyn tin bng cch thit lp kt ni

chimmtti nguyn mng nht nh trong ton b cuc truyn tin. Kt ni ny

l tm thi, lin tc v dnh ring. Tm thi v n ch cduy tr trong thi

gian cuc gi. Lin tc v n ccung cp lin tc mt ti nguyn nht nh

(bng thng hay dung lng v cng sut) trong sut thi gian cuc gi. Dnh

ring v kt ni ny v ti nguyn ch dnh ring cho cuc gi ny. Thit b

chuyn mch s dng cho CS trong cc tng i ca TTD 2G thc hin

chuyn mch knh trntrn c s ghp knh theo thi gian trong mi knh

c tc 64 kbps v v th ph hp cho vic truyn cc ng dng lm vic ti

tc c nh 64 kbps (chng hn ting c m ho PCM).

Chuyn mch gi (PS: Packet Switch)l s chuyn mch thc hin

phn chia s liu ca mt kt ni thnh cc gi c di nht nh v chuyn

mch cc gi ny theo thng tin v ni nhn c gn vi tng gi v PS ti

nguyn mng ch b chim dng khi c gi cn truyn. Chuyn mch gi cho

php nhm tt c cc s liu ca nhiu kt ni khc nhauph thuc vo ni

dung, kiu hay cu trcs liu thnh cc gi c kch thc ph hp v truyn

chng trn mt knh chia s. Vic nhm cc s liu cn truyn c thc hin

bngghp knh thng k vi n nh ti nguyn ng.Cc cng ngh s dng

cho chuyn mch gi c th l Frame Relay, ATM hoc IP.

Hnh 1.5. cho thy cu trc ca CS v PS.


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Hnh 1.5. Chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS).

Dch v chuyn mch knh (CS Service)l dch v trong mi u cui

c cp pht mt knh ring v n ton quyn sdng ti nguyn ca knh

ny trong thi gian cuc gi tuy nhin phi tr tin cho ton b thi gian ny d

c truyn tin hay khng. Dchv chuyn mch knh c th cthc hin trnchuyn mch knh (CS) hoc chuyn mch gi (PS). Thng thng dch v ny

c p dng cho cc dch v thi gian thc (thoi).

Dch v chuyn mch gi (PS Service)l dch v trong nhiu u cui

cng chia s mt knh v mi u cui ch chim dng ti nguyn ca knh ny

khi c thng tin cn truyn v n ch phi tr tin theo lng tin ctruyn

trn knh. Dchv chuyn mch gi ch c th cthc hin trn chuyn mchgi (PS). Dch v ny rt rt ph hp cho cc dch v phi thi gian thc (truyn

s liu), tuy nhin nh s pht trin ca cng ngh dch v ny cng c p

dng cho cc dch v thi gian thc (VoIP).

Chuyn mch gi c th thc hin trn c s ATM hoc IP.


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ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode: ch truyn d b)l cng ngh

thc hin phn chia thng tin cn pht thnh cc t bo 53 byte truyn dn v

chuyn mch. Mt t bo ATM gm 5 byte tiu (c cha thng tin nh

tuyn) v 48 byte ti tin (cha s liu ca ngi s dng). Thit b chuyn mch

ATM cho php chuyn mch nhanh trn c s chuyn mch phn cng thamchun theo thng tin nh tuyn tiu m khng thc hin pht hin li trong

tng t bo. Thng tin nh tuyntrong tiu gm: ng dn o (VP) v knh

o (VC). iu khin kt ni bng VC (tng ng vi knh ca ngi s dng)

v VP (l mt b cc VC) cho php khai thc v qun l c kh nng m rng

v c linh hot cao. Thng thng VP c thit lp trn c s s liu ca h

thng ti thi im xy dng mng.Vic s dng ATM trong mng li cho ta

nhiu ci li: c th qun l lu lng kt hp vi RAN, cho php thc hin cc

chc nng CS v PS trong cng mt kin trc v thc hin khai thc cng nh

iu khin cht lng lin kt.

Chuyn mch hay Router IP (Internet Protocol)cng l mt cng ngh

thc hin phn chia thng tin pht thnh cc gi cgi l ti tin (Payload).

Sau mi gi cgn mt tiu cha cc thng tin a ch cn thit cho

chuyn mch. Trong thng tin di ng do v tr ca u cui di ng thay inn cn phi c thm tiu b sung nh tuyn theo v tr hin thi ca my

di ng. Qu trnh nh tuyn ny cgi l truyn ng hm (Tunnel). C

hai c ch thc hin iu ny: MIP (Mobile IP: IP ding) v GTP (GPRS

Tunnel Protocol: giao thc ng hm GPRS).Tunnel l mt ng truyn m

ti u vo ca n gi IP c ng bao vo mt tiu mang a ch ni nhn

(trong trng hp ny l a ch hin thi ca my di ng) v ti u ra gi IP

c tho bao bng cch loi b tiu bcngoi (hnh 1.6).


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Hnh 1.6. ng bao v tho bao cho gi IP trong qu trnh truyn tunnel

Hnh 1.7 cho thy qu trnh nh tuyn tunnel (chuyn mch tunnel)trong

h thng 3G UMTS t tng i gi cng (GGSN)cho mt my di ng (UE)

khi n chuyn t vng phc v ca mt tng i gi ni ht (SGSN1) ny sang

mt vng phc v ca mt tng i gi ni ht khc (SGSN2)thng qua giao

thc GTP.

Hnh 1.7. Thit lp kt ni tunnel trong chuyn mch tunnel

V 3G WCDMA UMTS cpht trin t nhng nm 1999 khi m ATM

l cng ngh chuyn mch gi cn ng tr nn cc tiu chun cng c xy

dng trn cng ngh ny. Tuy nhin hin nay v tng lai mng vin thng s

cxy dng trn c s internet v th cc chuyn mch gi s l chuyn mch

hoc router IP.


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1.5. CC LOI LU LNG V DCH V C 3GWCDMA UMTS H

TR

V TTD 3G cho php truyn dn nhanh hn, nn truy nhp Internet v

lu lng thng tin s liu khc s pht trin nhanh. Ngoi ra TTD 3G cng

cs dng cho cc dch v ting. Ni chung TTD 3G h tr cc dch v

tryn thng a phng tin. V th mi kiu lu lng cn m bo mt mc

QoS nht nh tu theo ng dng cadch v. QoS W-CDMA c phn loi

nh sau:

Loi hi thoi (Conversational, rt): Thng tin tng tc yu cu tr nh (thoi

chng hn).

Loi lung (Streaming, rt): Thng tin mt chiu i hi dch v lung vi tr

nh (phn phi truyn hnh thi gian thc chng hn: Video Streaming)

Loi tng tc (Interactive, nrt): i hi trli trong mt thi gian nht nh v

t l li thp (trnh duyt Web, truy nhp server chng hn).

Loinn (Background, nrt): i hi cc dch v n lc nhtc thc hin trn

nn c s (e-mail, ti xung file: Video Download)

Mi trnghot ng ca 3WCDMA UMTS c chia thnh bn vng

vi cc tc bit Rbphc v nh sau:


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Vng 1: trong nh, pico, Rb2Mbps Vng 2: thnh ph, micro, Rb384 kbps Vng 2: ngoi , macro, Rb144 kbps Vng 4: Ton cu, Rb= 12,2 kbps

C th tng kt cc dchv do 3GWCDMA UMTS cung cp bng 1.1.

Bng 1.1. Phn loi cc dch v 3GWDCMA UMTS

Kiu Phn loi Dch v chi tit

Dch v

di ng

Dch v di ng Di ng u cui/di ng c nhn/di ng

dch v

Dch v thng

tin nh v

- Theo di di ng/ theo di di ng thng

minh

Dch v m

thanh

- Dch v m thanh cht lng cao (16-64

kbps)

- Dch v truyn thanh AM (32-64 kbps)

- Dch v truyn thanh FM(64-384 kbps)


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Kiu Phn loi Dch v chi tit

Dch v

vinthng

Dch v s liu - Dch v s liu tc trung bnh (64-144

kbps)

- Dch v s liu tc tng i cao (144

kbps- 2Mbps)

- Dch v s liu tc cao (2Mbps)

Dch v a

phng tin

- Dch v Video (384 kbps)

- Dch v hnh chuyn ng (384kbps- 2

Mbps)

- Dch v hnh chuyn ng thi gian thc

(2 Mbps)

Dch v Internet

n gin

Dch v truy nhp Web (384 kbps-2Mbps)

Dch v Internet

thi gian thc

Dch v Internet (384 kbps-2Mbps)Dch v

Internet

Dch v internet

a phng tin

Dch v Website a phng tin thi gian

thc (2Mbps)


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3G WCDMA UMTS cxy dng theo ba pht hnh chnh c gi l

R3, R4, R5. Trong mng li R3 v R4 bao gm hai min: min CS (Circuit

Switch: chuyn mch knh) v min PS (Packet Switch: chuyn mch gi). Vic

kt hp ny ph hp cho giai on u khi PS cha p ng ttcc dch v thi

gian thc nh thoi v hnh nh. Khi ny min CS s m nhim cc dch vthoicn s liu c truyn trn min PS. R4 pht trin hn R3 ch min CS

chuyn sang chuyn mch mm v th ton b mng truyn ti gia cc nt

chuyn mch u trn IP. Di y ta xt ba kin trc 3G WCDMA

UMTS ni trn.

1.6. KIN TRC3G WCDMA UMTS R3

WCDMA UMTS R3 h tr c kt ni chuyn mch knh ln chuyn

mch gi: n 384 Mbps trong min CS v 2Mbps trong min PS. Cc kt ni

tc cao ny m bo cung cp mt tp cc dich v mi cho ngi s dng di

ng ging nh trong cc mng in thoi c nh v Internet. Cc dch v nygm: in thoi c hnh (Hi ngh video), m thanh cht lng cao (CD) v tc

truyn cao ti u cui. Mt tnh nng khc cng c a ra cng vi GPRS

l "lun lun kt ni" n Internet. UMTS cng cung cp thng tin v tr tt hn

v v th h tr tt hn cc dch v da trn v tr.

Mt mng UMTS bao gm ba phn: thit b di ng(UE: User

Equipment), mng truy nhp vtuyn mt t UMTS (UTRAN: UMTSTerrestrial Radio Network), mng li (CN: Core Network) (xem hnh 1.8). UE

bao gm ba thit b: thit b u cui (TE), thit b di ng (ME) v module

nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM: UMTS Subscriber Identity Module).

UTRAN gm cc h thng mng v tuyn (RNS: Radio Network System) v

mi RNS bao gmRNC (Radio Network Controller: b iu khin mng v


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tuyn)v cc nt B ni vi n.Mng li CN bao gm min chuyn mch knh,

chuyn mch gi v HE (Home Environment: Mi trng nh). HE bao gm cc

c s d liu: AuC (Authentication Center: Trung tm nhn thc), HLR (Home

Location Register: B ghi nh v thng tr) v EIR (Equipment Identity

Register: B ghi nhn dng thit b).

Hnh 1.8. Kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS R3

1.6.1. Thit b ngi s dng (UE)

UE (User Equipment: thit b ngi s dng) l u cui mng UMTS

ca ngi s dng. C th ni y l phn h thng c nhiu thit b nht v s

pht trin ca n s nh hng ln ln cc ng dng v cc dch v kh dng.

Gi thnh gim nhanh chng s to iu kin cho ngi s dng mua thit b

ca UMTS. iu ny t c nh tiu chun ha giao din v tuyn v ci t

mi tr tu ti cc card thng minh.


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1.6.1.1. Cc u cui (TE)

V my u cui by gi khng ch n thun dnh cho in thoi m cn

cung cp cc dch v s liu mi, nn tn ca n c chuyn thnh u cui.

Cc nh sn xut chnh a ra rt nhiu u cui da trn cc khi nim mi,

nhng trong thc t ch mt s t l c a vo sn xut. Mc dcc u cui

d kin khc nhau v kch thc v thit k, tt c chng u c mn hnh ln

v t phm hn so vi 2G. L do chnh l tng cng s dng u cui cho

nhiu dch v s liu hn v v th u cui tr thnh t hp camy thoi di

ng, modem v my tnh bn tay.

u cui h tr hai giao din. Giao dinUu nh ngha lin kt v tuyn

(giao din WCDMA). N m nhim ton b kt ni vt l vi mng UMTS.

Giao din th hai l giao din Cu gia UMTS IC card (UICC) v u cui. Giao

din ny tun theo tiu chun cho cc card thng minh.

Mc d cc nh sn xut u cui crt nhiu tng v thit b, h phi

tun theo mt tp ti thiu cc nh ngha tiu chun cc ngi s dng bngcc u cui khc nhau c th truy nhp n mt s cc chc nng c stheo

cng mt cch.

Cc tiu chun ny gm:

Bn phm (cc phm vt l hay cc phm o trn mn hnh)

ng k mt khu mi Thay i m PIN Gii chn PIN/PIN2(PUK) Trnh by IMEI


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iu khin cuc gi

Cc phn cn li cagiao din s dnh ring cho nh thit k v ngi s

dng s chn cho mnh u cui da trn hai tiu chun (nu xu th 2G cn ko

di) l thit k v giao din. Giao din l kt hp ca kch c v thng tin do

mn hnh cung cp (mn hnh nt chm), cc phm v menu.

1.6.1.2. UICC

UMTS IC card l mt card thng minh. iu m ta quan tm n n l

dung lng nh v tc b x l do n cung cp. ng dng USIM chy trn

UICC.

1.6.1.3. USIM

Trong h thng GSM, SIM card lu gi thng tin c nhn (ng k thu

bao) ci cng trn card. iu ny thay i trong UMTS, Modul nhn dng

thu bao UMTS c ci nh mt ng dng trn UICC. iu ny cho php lu

nhiu ng dng hn v nhiu ch k (kha) in thn cng vi USIM cho ccmc ch khc (cc m truy nhp giao dch ngn hng an ninh). Ngoi ra c th

c nhiu USIM trn cng mt UICC h tr truy nhp n nhiu mng.

USIM cha cc hm v s liu cn nhn dng v nhn thc thu bao

trong mng UMTS.N c th lu c bn sao h s ca thu bao.


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Ngi s dng phi tmnh nhn thc i vi USIM bng cch nhp m

PIN. iu ny m bo rng ch ngi s dng ch thc mi c truy nhp

mng UMTS. Mng s ch cung cp cc dch v chongi no s dng u cui

da trn nhn dng USIM c ng k.

1.6.2. Mng truy nhpv tuyn UMTS

UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network: Mng truy nhp v

tuyn mt t UMTS) l lin kt gia ngi s dng v CN. N gm cc phn

t m bo cc cuc truyn thngUMTS trn v tuyn v iu khin chng.

UTRAN c nh ngha giahai giao din. Giao din Iu gia UTRAN

v CN, gm hai phn: IuPS cho min chuyn mch gi v IuCS cho min

chuyn mch knh; giao din Uu gia UTRAN v thit b ngi s dng. Gia

hai giao din ny l hai nt, RNC v nt B.

1.6.2.1. RNC

RNC (Radio Network Controller) chu trch nhimcho mt hay nhiu

trm gc v iu khin cc ti nguyn ca chng. y cngchnh l im truy

nhp dch v m UTRAN cung cp cho CN. N c ni n CN bng hai kt

ni, mt cho min chuyn mch gi (n GPRS) v mt n min chuyn mch

knh (MSC).


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Mt nhim v quan trng na ca RNC l bo v s b mt v ton vn.

Sau th tcnhn thc v tha thun kha, cc kho bo mt v ton vn c

t vo RNC. Sau cc kha ny c s dngbi cc hm an ninh f8 v f9.

RNC c nhiu chc nng logic ty thuc vo vic n phc v nt no.

Ngi s dng c kt ni vo mt RNC phc v (SRNC: Serving RNC). Khi

ngi s dng chuyn vng n mt RNC khc nhng vn kt ni vi RNC c,

mt RNC tri (DRNC: Drift RNC) s cung cp ti nguyn v tuyn cho ngi

s dng, nhng RNC phc v vn qun l kt ni ca ngi s dng n CN .

Vai tr logic ca SRNC v DRNC c m t trn hnh 1.9. Khi UE trong

chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC, tn ti nhiu kt ni qua Iub v c t nht mt

kt ni qua Iur. Ch mt trong s cc RNC ny (SRNC) l m bo giao din Iukt ni vi mng li cn cc RNC khc (DRNC) ch lm nhim v nh tuyn

thng tin gia cc Iub v Iur.

Chcnng cui cng ca RNC l RNC iu khin (CRNC: Control

RNC). Mi nt B c mt RNC iu khin chu trch nhim cho cc ti nguyn

v tuyn ca n.

Hnh 1.9. Vai tr logic ca SRNC v DRNC

1.6.2.2. Nt B


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Trong UMTS trm gc c gi l nt B v nhim v ca n l thc hin

kt ni v tuyn vt l gia u cui vi n. N nhn tn hiu trn giao din Iub

t RNC v chuyn n vo tn hiu v tuyn trn giao dinUu. N cng thc

hin mt s thao tc qun l ti nguyn v tuyn c s nh "iu khin cng

sut vng trong". Tnh nng ny phng nga vn gn xa; ngha l nu tt

c cc u cui u pht cng mt cng sut, th cc u cui gn nt B nht s

che lp tn hiu t ccu cui xa. Nt Bkim tracng sut thu t cc u

cui khc nhau v thng bo cho chng gim cng sut hoc tng cng sut sao

cho nt B lun thuc cng sut nh nhau t tt c cc u cui.

1.6.3. Mng li

Mng li (CN) c chia thnh ba phn, min PS, min CS v HE. Min

PS m bo cc dch v s liu cho ngi s dng bng cc kt ni n Internet

v cc mng s liu khc v min CSmbo cc dch v in thoi n cc

mng khc bng cc kt ni TDM. Cc nt B trong CN c kt ni vi nhau

bng ng trc ca nh khai thc, thng s dng cc cng ngh mng tc

cao nhATM v IP. Mng ng trc trong min CS s dng TDM cn trong

min PS s dng IP.

1.6.3.1. SGSN

SGSN (SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node: nt h tr GPRS phc v)

l nt chnh ca min chuyn mch gi. N ni n UTRAN thng qua giao


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din IuPS v n GGSN thng quan giao din Gn. SGSN chu trchnhim cho

tt c kt ni PS ca tt c cc thu bao. N lu hai kiu d liu thu bao: thng

tin ng k thu bao v thng tin v tr thu bao.

S liu thu bao lu trong SGSN gm:

IMSI (International Mobile Subsscriber Identity: s nhn dng thu bao ding quc t)

Cc nhn dng tm thigi (P-TMSI: Packet- Temporary Mobile SubscriberIdentity: s nhn dng thu bao di ng tm thi gi)

Cc a ch PDP (Packet Data Protocol: Giao thc s liu gi)

S liu v tr lu trn SGSN:

Vng nh tuyn thu bao (RA: Routing Area) SVLR Cc a ch GGSN ca tng GGSN c kt ni tch cc

1.6.3.2. GGSN

GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node: Nt h tr GPRS cng) l mt

SGSN kt ni vi cc mng s liu khc. Tt c cc cuc truyn thng s liu t


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thu bao n cc mng ngoi u qua GGSN.Cng nhSGSN, n lu c hai

kiu s liu: thng tin thu bao v thng tin v tr.

S liu thu bao lu trong GGSN:

IMSI Cc a ch PDP

S liu v tr lu trong GGSN:

a ch SGSN hin thu bao ang ni n

GGSN ni n Internet thng qua giao din Gi v n BGthng qua Gp.

1.6.3.3. BG

BG (Border Gatway: Cng bin gii) l mt cng gia min PS ca

PLMN vi cc mng khc. Chc nng cant ny ging nh tng la ca

Internet: m bo mng an ninh chng li cc tn cng bn ngoi.

1.6.3.4. VLR


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MSC thc hin cc kt ni CS gia u cui v mng. N thc hin cc

chc nng bo hiu v chuyn mch cho cc thu bao trong vng qun l ca

mnh. Chc nng ca MSC trong UMTS ging chc nng MSC trong GSM,

nhng n c nhiu kh nnghn. Cc kt ni CS c thc hin trn giao din

CS gia UTRAN v MSC. Cc MSC c ni n cc mng ngoi qua GMSC.

1.6.3.6. GMSC

GMSC c th l mt trong s cc MSC. GMSC chu trch nhim thc

hin cc chc nng nh tuyn n vng c MS. Khi mng ngoi tm cch kt

ni n PLMN camt nh khai thc, GMSC nhn yu cu thit lp kt ni v

hi HLR v MSC hin thi qun l MS.

1.6.3.7. Mi trng nh

Mi trng nh (HE: Home Environment) lu cc h s thu bao ca

hng khai thc. N cng cung cp cho cc mng phc v (SN: Serving Network)

cc thng tin v thu bao v v cc cn thit nhn thc ngi s dng v

tnh cc cho cc dch v cung cp. Tt c cc dch v c cung cp v cc

dch v b cm u c lit k y.

B ghi nh v thng tr (HLR)


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HLR l mt c s d liu c nhim v qun l cc thu bao di ng. Mt

mng di ng c thcha nhiu HLR ty thuc vo s lng thu bao, dung

lng ca tng HLR v t chc bn trong mng.

C s d liu ny cha IMSI (International Mobile Subsscriber Identity:

s nhn dng thu bao di ngquc t), t nht mt MSISDN (Mobile Station

ISDN: s thu bao c trong danh b in thoi) v t nht mt a ch PDP

(Packet Data Protocol: Giao thc s liu gi). C IMSI v MSISDN c th s

dng lm kho truy nhp n cc thng tin c lu khc. nh tuyn v

tnh cc cc cuc gi, HLR cn lu gi thng tin v SGSN v VLR no hin

ang chu trch nhim thu bao. Cc dch v khc nh chuyn hng cuc gi,

tc s liu v th thoi cng c trong danh sch cng vi cc hn ch dch v

nh cc hn ch chuyn mng.

HLR v AuC l hai nt mng logic, nhng thng c thc hin trong

cng mt nt vt l. HLR lu gi mi thng tin v ngi s dng v ng k

thu bao. Nh: thng tin tnh cc, cc dch v no c cung cp v cc dch

v no b t chi v thng tin chuyn hng cuc gi. Nhng thng tin quan

trngnht l hin VLR v SGSN no ang ph trch ngi s dng.

Trung tm nhn thc (AuC)

AUC (Authentication Center) lu gi ton b s liu cn thit nhn

thc, mt m ha v bo v s ton vn thng tin cho ngi s dng. N lin kt

vi HLR v c thc hin cng vi HLR trong cng mt nt vt l. Tuy nhin

cn m bo rng AuC ch cung cp thng tin v cc vect nhn thc (AV:

Authetication Vector) cho HLR.


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AuC lu gi kha b mt chia s K cho tng thu bao cng vi tt c cc

hm to kha t f0 n f5. N to ra cc AV, c trong thi gian thc khi

SGSN/VLR yu cu hay khi ti x l thp, lncc AV d tr.

B ghi nhn dngthit b (EIR)

EIR (Equipment Identity Register) chu trch nhim lu cc s nhn dng

thit b di ngquc t (IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity). y l

s nhn dng duy nht cho thitb u cui. C s d liu ny c chia thnh

ba danh mc: danh mc trng, xm v en. Danh mc trng cha cc s IMEI

c php truy nhp mng. Danh mc xm cha IMEI ca cc u cui ang b

theo di cn danh mc en cha cc s IMEI ca cc u cui b cm truy nhp

mng.Khi mt u cui c thng bo l b mt cp, IMEI ca n s b t vo

danh mc en v th n b cm truy nhp mng. Danh mc ny cng c th c

s dng cm cc seri my c bit khng c truy nhp mng khi chng

khng hot ng theo tiu chun.

1.6.4. Cc mng ngoi

Cc mng ngoi khng phi l b phn ca h thng UMTS, nhng chng

cn thit m bo truyn thng gia cc nh khai thc. Cc mng ngoi c

th l cc mng in thoi nh: PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network: mng ding mt t cng cng), PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network: Mng

in thoi chuyn mch cng cng), ISDN hay cc mng s liu nhInternet.

Min PS kt ni n cc mng s liu cn min CS ni n cc mng in thoi.

1.6.5. Cc giao din


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Vai tr cc cc nt khc nhau camng ch c nh ngha thng qua

cc giao din khc nhau. Cc giao din ny c nh nghacht ch cc nh

sn xutc th kt ni cc phn cng khc nhau ca h.

Giao din Cu. Giao din Cu l giao din chun cho cc card thng minh.Trong UE y l ni kt ni gia USIM v UE

Giao din Uu. Giao din Uu l giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA trongUMTS. y l giao din m qua UE truy nhp vo phn c nh ca

mng. Giao din ny nm gia nt B v u cui.

Giao din Iu. Giao din Iu kt ni UTRAN v CN. N gm hai phn,IuPS cho min chuyn mchgi, IuCS cho min chuyn mch knh. CN

c th kt ni n nhiu UTRAN cho c giao dinIuCS v IuPS. Nhng

mt UTRAN ch c th kt ni n mt im truy nhp CN.

Giao din Iur. y l giao din RNC-RNC. Ban u c thit k mbo chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC, nhng trong qu trnh pht trin

nhiu tnh nng mi c b sung. Giao din ny m bo bn tnh nng

ni bt sau:

1. Di ng gia cc RNC2. Lu thng knh ring3. Lu thng knh chung4. Qun l ti nguyn ton cc

Giao din Iub. Giao din Iub ni nt B v RNC. Khc vi GSM y lgiao din m.


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1.7. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R4

Hnh 1.10 cho thy kin trc c s ca 3G UMTS R4. S khc nhau c bn

gia R3 v R4 l ch khi ny mng li l mng phn b v chuyn mch mm.

Thay cho vic c cc MSC chuyn mch knh truyn thng nh kin trc

trc, kin trc chuyn mch phn b v chuyn mch mmc a vo.

V cn bn, MSC c chia thnh MSC server v cng cc phng tin

(MGW: Media Gateway). MSC cha tt c cc phn mm iu khin cuc gi,

qun l di ng c mt MSC tiu chun. Tuy nhin n khng cha ma trn

chuyn mch. Ma trn chuyn mch nm trong MGW c MSC Server iu

khin v c th t xa MSC Server.

Hnh 1.10. Kin trc mng phn b ca pht hnh 3GPP R4


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Bo hiu iu khin cc cuc gi chuyn mch knh c thc hin gia

RNC v MSC Server. ng truyn cho cc cuc gi chuyn mchknh c

thc hin gia RNC v MGW. Thng thng MGW nhn cc cuc gi t RNC

v nhtuyn cc cuc gi ny n ni nhn trn cc ng trc gi. Trong

nhiu trng hp ng trc gi s dng Giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc(RTP: Real Time Transport Protocol)trn Giao thc Internet (IP). T hnh 1.10

ta thy lu lng s liu gi t RNC i qua SGSN v t SGSN n GGSN trn

mng ng trc IP. C s liu v ting u c th s dng truyn ti IP bn

trong mng li. y l mng truyn ti hon ton IP.

Ti ni mmt cuc gi cn chuynn mt mng khc, PSTN chng hn,

s c mt cng cc phng tin khc (MGW) c iu khin bi MSC Servercng (GMSC server). MGW ny s chuyn ting thoi c ng gi thnh

PCM tiu chun a n PSTN. Nh vy chuyn i m ch cn thc hin ti

im ny. th d, ta gi thit rng nu ting giao din v tuyn c truyn

ti tc 12,2 kbps, th tc ny ch phi chuyn vo 64 kbps MGW giao

tip vi PSTN. Truyn ti kiu ny cho php tit kim ng k rng bng tn

nht l khi cc MGW cch xa nhau.

Giao thc iu khin giaMSC Server hoc GMSC Server viMGW l

giao thc ITU H.248. Giao thc ny c ITU v IETF cng tc pht trin. N

c tn l iu khin cng cc phng tin (MEGACO: Media Gateway Control).

Giao thc iu khin cuc gi gia MSC Server v GMSC Server c th l mt

giao thc iu khin cuc gi bt k. 3GPP ngh s dng (khng bt buc)

giao thciu khin cuc gi c lp vt mang (BICC: Bearer Independent

Call Control)c xy dng trn c s khuyn ngh Q.1902 ca ITU.

Trong nhiu trng hp MSC Server h tr c cc chc nng ca GMSC

Server. Ngoi ra MGW c kh nng giao din vi c RAN v PSTN. Khi ny

cuc gi nhoc t PSTN c th chuyn ni ht, nh vy c th tit kim ng

k u t.


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lm th d ta xt trng hp khi mt RNC c t tithnh ph A v

c iu khin bi mt MSC t ti thnh ph B. Gi s thu bao thnh ph A

thc hin cuc gi ni ht. Nu khng c cu trc phn b, cuc gi cn chuyn

t thnh phA n thnh phB (ni c MSC) u ni vi thu bao PSTN ti

chnh thnh ph A. Vi cu trc phn b, cuc gi c th c iu khin tiMSC Server thnh ph B nhng ng truyn cc phng tin thc t c th

vn thnh ph A, nh vy gim ng k yu cu truyn dn v gi thnh khai

thc mng.

T hnh 1.10 ta cng thy rng HLR cng c th c gi l Server thu

bao ti nh (HSS: Home Subscriber Server). HSS v HLR c chc nng tng

ng, ngoitr giao din vi HSS l giao din trn c s truyn ti gi (IPchng hn) trong khi HLR s dng giao din trn c s bo hiu s 7. Ngoi ra

cn c cc giao din (khng c trn hnh v) gia SGSN vi HLR/HSS v gia

GGSN vi HLR/HSS.

Rt nhiu giao thc c s dng bn trong mng li l cc giao thc trn

c s gi s dng hoc IP hoc ATM. Tuy nhin mng phi giao din vi cc

mng truyn thng qua vic s dng cc cng cc phng tin. Ngoi ra mng

cng phi giao din vi cc mng SS7 tiu chun. Giao din ny c thc hin

thng qua cng SS7 (SS7 GW). y l cng m mt pha n h tr truyn ti

bn tin SS7 trn ng truyn tiSS7 tiu chun, pha kia n truyn ti cc

bn tin ng dng SS7 trn mng gi(IP chng hn). Cc thc th nh MSC

Server, GMSC Server v HSS lin lc vi cng SS7 bng cch s dng cc giao

thc truyn ti c thit k c bit mang cc bn tin SS7 mng IP. B

giao thc ny c gi l Sigtran.

1.8. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R5 v R6


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Bc pht trin tip theo ca UMTSl a ra kin trc mng a phng

tin IP (hnh 1.11). Bc pht trin ny th hin s thay i ton b m hnh

cuc gi. y cting v s liu c x l ging nhau trn ton b ng

truyn t u cui ca ngi s dng n ni nhn cui cng. C th coi kin

trc ny l s hi t ton din ca ting v s liu.

Hnh 1.11. Kin trc mng 3GPP R5 v R6

im mi ca R5 v R6 l n a ra mt min mi c gi l phn h a

phng tin IP (IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem). y l mt min mng IP

c thit k h tr cc dch v a phng tin thi gian thc IP.T hnh

1.11 ta thy ting v s liu khng cn cc giao din cchbit; ch c mt giao

din Iu duy nht mang tt c phng tin. Trong mng li giao din ny kt cui

ti SGSN v khng c MGW ring.


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Phn h a phng tin IP (IMS) cha cc phn t sau: Chc nng iu

khin trng thi kt ni (CSCF: Connection State Control Function), Chc nng

ti nguyn a phng tin(MRF: Multimedia Resource Function), chc nng

iu khin cng cc phng tin (MGCF: Media Gateway ControlFunction),

Cng bo hiu truyn ti (T-SGW: Transport Signalling Gateway) v Cng bohiu chuyn mng (R-SGW: Roaming Signalling Gateway).

Mt nt quan trng ca kin trc ton IP l thit b ca ngi s dng c

tng cng rt nhiu. Nhiu phn mm c ci t UE. Trong thc t, UE h

tr giao thc khi u phin (SIP: Session Initiation Protocol). UE tr thnh

mt tc nhn ca ngi s dng SIP. Nh vy, UE c kh nng iu khin cc

dch v ln hn trc rt nhiu.

CSCF qun l vic thit lp , duy tr v gii phng cc phin a phng

tin n v t ngi s dng. N bao gm cc chc nng nh: phin dch v

nh tuyn. CSCF hot ng nh mt i dinServer /h tch vin.

SGSN v GGSN l cc phin bn tng cng ca cc ntc s dng

GPRS v UMTS R3 v R4. im khc nhau duy nht l ch cc nt ny

khng ch h tr dch v s liu gi m c dch v chuyn mch knh (ting

chng hn). V th cn h tr cc kh nng cht lng dch v (QoS) hoc b n

trong SGSN v GGSN hoc t nht cc Router kt ni trc tip vi chng.

Chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin (MRF) l chc nng lp cu hi nghi

c s dng h tr cc tnh nng nh t chc cuc gi nhiu pha v dch v

hi ngh .

Cng bo hiu truyn ti (T-SGW)l mt cng bo hiu SS7 m bo

tng tc SS7 vi cc mng tiu chun ngoi nh PSTN. T-SGW h tr cc

giao thc Sigtran. Cng bo hiu chuyn mng (R-SGW)l mt nt m bo

tng tc bo hiu vi cc mng di ng hin c s dng SS7 tiu chun. Trong

nhiu trng hp T-SGW v R-SGW cng tn ti trn cng mt nn tng.


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MGW thc hin tng tc vi cc mng ngoi mc ng truyn a

phng tin. MGW kin trc mngca UMTS R5 c chc nng ging nh

R4. MGW c iu khin bi Chc nng cng iu khin cc phng tin

(MGCF). Giao thc iu khin gia cc thc th ny l ITU-T H.248.

MGCF cng lin lc vi CSCF. Giao thc c chn cho giao din ny l

SIP.

Tuy nhin c th nhiu nh khai thc vn s dng n kt hp vi cc min

chuyn mch knh trong R3 v R4. iu ny cho php chuyn i dn dn t

cc phin bn R3 v R4 sang R5. Mt s cc cuc gi thoi c th vn s dng

min CS mt s cc dch v khc chng hn video c th cthc hin qua R5

IMS. Cu hnh lai ghp c th hin trn hnh 1.12.

Hnh 1.12. Chuyn i dn t R4 sang R5

1.9. CHIN LC DCH CHUYN T GSM SANG UMTS


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Trong phn ny ta s xt chin lc dch chuyn t GSM sang UMTS ca

hng Alcatel. Alcatel d kin pht trin RAN t GSM ln 3G UMTS theo ba

pht hnh: 3GR1, 3GR2 v 3GR3. Vi mi pht hnh, cc sn phm mi v cc

tnh nng mi c a ra.

1.9.1. 3GR1 : Kin trc mng UMTS chng ln

Pht hnh 3GP1 da trn pht hnh ca 3GPP vo thng 3 v cc c t

k thut vo thng 6 nm 2000. Pht hnh u ca 3GR1 ch h tr UTRA-FDD

v s c trin khai chng ln ln GSM. Chin lc dch chuyn t GSM sang

UMTS pht hnh 3GR1 c chia thnh ba giai on c k hiu l R1.1,

R1.2 v R1.3 (R: Release: pht hnh). Trong cc pht hnh ny cc phn cng

v cc tnh nng mi c a ra. Cc nt B c gi l MBS (Multistandard

Base Station: trm gc a tiu chun). Tuy nhin MBS V1 ch nthun l nt

B, ch MBS V2 mi thc s a tiu chun v cha cc chc nng ca c nt B

v BTS trong cng mt hp my. Tng t RNC V2 v OMC-R V2 c a ra phc v cho c UMTS v GSM.

Hnh 1.13 cho thy kin trc ng tn ti GSM v UMTS c pht trin

trong giai on trin khai UMTS ban u (3GR1.1).


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Hnh 1.13. Kin trc ng tn ti GSM v UMTS (pht hnh 3GR1.1)

1.9.2. 3GR2 : Tch hp cc mng UMTS v GSM

Trong giai on trin khai UMTS th hai s tch hp u tin gia hai

mng s c thc hin bng cch a ra cc thit b a tiu chun nh: Nt B

kt hp BTS (MBS V2) v RNC kt hp BSC (RNC V2). Cc chc nng khai

thc v bo dng mng v tuyn cng c th c thc hin chung bi cng

mt OMC-R (V2). Hnh 1.14 m t kin trc mng RANtch hp ca giai on

hai.


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Hnh 1.14. Kin trc mng RAN tch hp pht hnh 3GR2 (R2.1).

1.9.3. 3GR3 : Kin trc RAN thng nht

Trong kin trc RAN ca pht hnh ny cxy dng trn c s pht

hnh R5 vo thng 9 nm 2000 ca 3GPP.Trong pht hnh ny RAN chung cho

c h thng UMTS v GSM. C UTRA-FDD v UTRA-TDD u c h tr.

Giao thc truyn ti c thng nht cho GSM, E-GPRS v UMTS, ngoi ra cth ATM kt hp IP. GERAN (GSM/EDGE RAN) cng s c h tr bi pht

hnh ny ca mng. Kin trc RAN ca 3GR1.3 c th hin trn hnh 1.15.


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Hnh 1.15. Kin trc RAN thng nht ca 3GR3.1

1.10. CU HNH A L CA H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G

Do tnh cht di ng ca thu bao di ng nn mng di ng phi c t chc

theo mt cu trc a l nht nh mng c th theo di c v tr ca thu

bao.

1.10.1. Phn chia theo vng mng

Trong mt quc gia c th c nhiu vng mng vin thng, vic gi vo

mt vng mng no phi c thc hin thng qua tng i cng. Cc vng

mng di ng3Gc i din bng tng i cng GMSChoc GGSN. Tt c

cc cuc gi n mt mng di ng t mt mng khc u c nh tuyn n

GMSC hoc GGSN. Tng i ny lm vic nh mt tng i trung k vo cho

mng3G. y l ni thc hin chc nng hi nhtuyn cuc gi kt cui


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trm di ng. GMSC/GGSN cho php h thng nh tuyn cc cuc gi vo t

mng ngoin ni nhn cui cng: cc trm di ng b gi.

1.10.2. Phn chia theo vng phc v MSC/VLRv SGSN

Mt mng thng tin di ng c phn chia thnh nhiu vng nh hn,

mi vng nh ny c phc v bi mt MSC/VLR (hnh 1.16a). hay SGSN

(1.16b) Ta gi y l vng phc v ca MSC/VLRhay SGSN.

Hnh 1.16. Phn chia mng thnh cc vng phc v ca MSC/VLRv SGSN

nh tuyn mt cuc gi n mt thu bao di ng, ng truyn qua

mng s c ni n MSC ang phc v thu bao di ng cn gi. mi vng

phc v MSC/VLR thng tin v thu bao c ghi li tm thi VLR. Thng

tin ny bao gm hai loi:

Thng tin v ng k v cc dch v ca thu bao. Thng tin v v tr ca thu bao (thu bao ang vng nh vhoc

vng nh tuyn no).

1.10.3. Phn chia theo vng nh vv vng nh tuyn


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Mi vng phc v MSC/VLR c chia thnh mt s vng nh v: LA

(Location Area) (hnh 1.17a). Mi vng phc v ca SGSN c chia thnh cc

vng nh tuyn (RA: Routing Area) (1.17b).

Hnh 1.17. Phn chia vng phc v ca MSC/VLRv SGSN thnh cc vng

nh v (LA: Location Area)v nh tuyn (RA: Routing Area)

Vng nh v (hay vng nh tuynl mt phn ca vng phc v

MSC/VLR (hay SGSN) m mt trm di ng c th chuyn ng t do v

khng cn cp nht thng tin v v tr cho MSC/VLR(hay SGSN) qun l v tr

ny. C th ni vng nh v (hay vng nh tuyn)l v tr c th nht ca trm

di ng m mng cn bit nh tuyn cho mt cuc gi n n. vng nh

v ny thng bo tm s c pht qung b tm thu bao di ng b gi.Hthng c th nhn dng vng nh v bng cch s dng nhn dng vng nh v

(LAI: Location Area Identity) hay nhn dng vng nh tuyn (RAI Routing

Area Identity). Vng nh v (hay vng nh tuyn) c th bao gm mt s v

thuc mthay nhiu RNC, nhng ch thuc mt MSC(hay mt SGSN).


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1.10.4. Phn chia theo

Vng nh v hay vng nh tuyncchia thnh mt s (hnh 1.18).

Hnh 1.18. Phn chia LA v RA

l mt vng ph v tuyn c mng nhn dng bng nhn dng ton cu

(CGI: Cell Global Identity). Trm di ng nhn dng bng m nhn dng trmgc (BSIC: Base Station Identity Code).Vng ph ca cc thng c m

phng bng hnh lc gic tin cho vic tnh ton thit k.

1.10.5. Mu

Mu c hai kiu: v hng ngang (omnidirectional) v phn on

(sectorized). Cc mu ny c cho trn hnh 1.19.


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Hnh 1.19. Cc kiu mu

v hng ngang (hnh 1.19a) nhn c t pht x camt anten cbp sng trn trong mt ngang (mt phng song song vi mt t) v bp sng

c hng chc xung mt t trong mt ng (mt phng vung gc vi mt

t). phn on (hnh 1.19b) l nhn c t pht x ca ba anten vi hng

pht x cc i lch nhau 1200. Cc anten ny c bp sng dng na s 8 trong

mt ngang v trong mt ng bp sng ca chng chc xung mt t. Trong

mt s trng hp phn on c th c to ra t pht x ca nhiu hn ba

anten. Trong thc t mu c th rt a dng ty vo a hnh cn ph sng.

Tuy nhin cc mu nh trn hnh 1.19thng c s dng thit k cho s

ph sng chun.

1.10.6. Tng kt phn chia vng a l trong cc h thng thng tin di ng 3G

Trong cc kin trc mng bao gm c min chuyn mch knh v min

chuyn mch gi, vng phcmng khng ch c phn chia thnh cc vng

nh v (LA) m cn c phn chia thnh cc vng nh tuyn (RA: Routing

Area). Cc vng nh v (LA:Location Area) l khi nim qun l di ng ca


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min CS k tha t mng GSM. Cc vng nh tuyn (RA: Routing Area) l cc

thc th ca min PS. Mng li PS s dng RA tm gi. Nhn dng thu bao

P-TMSI (Packet- Temporary Mobile Subsscriber Identity: nhn dng thu bao di

ng gi tm thi) l duy nht trong mt RA.

Trong mng truy nhp v tuyn, RA li c chia tip thnh cc vng

ng k UTRAN (URA: UTRAN Registration Area). Tm gi khi xng

UTRAN s dng URA khi knh bo hiu u cui c thit lp. URA

khng th nhn thy c bn ngoi UTRAN.

Quan h gia cc vng c phn cp nh cho hnh 1.20( khng c

th hin). LA thuc 3G MSC v RA thuc 3G SGSN. URA thuc RNC. Theo

di v tr theo URA v trong UTRAN c thc hinkhi c ktni RRC

(Radio Resource Control: iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn) cho knh bo hiu

u cui.Nu khng c kt ni RRC, 3G SGSN thc hin tm gi v cp nht

thng tin v trc thc hin theo RA.

Hnh 1.20. Cc khi nimphn chia vng a l trong3G WCDMA UMTS.


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1.11. TNG KT

Chng ny trc ht xt tng quan qu trnh pht trin thng tin di ng

ln 4G. Nu cng ngh a truy nhp cho 3G l CDMA th cng ngh a truy

nhp cho 4G l OFDMA. Sau kin trc mng 3G c xt. Mng li 3G bao

gmhai vng chuyn mch: (1) vng chuyn mch cc dch v CS v (2) vng

chuyn mch cc dch v PS. Cc pht hnh nh du cc mc quan trng pht

trin mng 3G WCDMA UMTS cxt: R3, R4, R5 v R6. R3 bao gm hai

min chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi trong kt ni gia cc nt

chuyn mch gi l TDM (ghp knh theo thi gian). R4 l s pht trin ca R3

trong min chuyn mch knh chuyn thnh chuyn mch mm v kt ni

gia cc nt mng bng IP. R5 v R6 h tr cc dch v a phng tin IP hon

ton da trn chuyn mch gi. p ng c nhim v ny ngoi min

chuyn mch gi, mng cb sung thm phn h a phng tin IP (IMS).

Ct li ca IMS l CSCF thc hin khi u kt ni a phng tin IP da trn

giao thc khi u phin (SIP Session Initiation Protocol). Ngoi ra IMS vn

cn cha chuyn mch mm h tr dch v chuyn mch knh (MGCF).

Hin nay mng 3GWCDMA UMTS ang giai don chuyn dn t R4 sang R5

(hnh 1.12). Cui chng trnh by cu trc a l ca mt mng thng tin di

ng 3G c cha c vng chuyn mchknh v vng chuyn mch gi.


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Chng 2

CNG NGH A TRUY NHP CA WCDMA

2.1. GII THIU CHUNG

2.1.1. Mc ch chng

Hiu tng quan tri ph v phng php a truy nhp ca WCDMA Hiu iu khin cng sut, chuyn giao mm v my thu phn tp a

ng (RAKE)

Hiu cc dng m tri ph v cc s iu ch ca WCDMA


Nguyn l tri ph v a truy nhp phn chia theo m iu khin cng sut Chuyn giao My thu phn tp a ng (my thu RAKE) Cc dng m tri ph v cc s iu cht cs dng cho WCDMA


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2.1.3. Hng dn

Hc k cc t liu ctrnh by trong chng Tham kho thm cc ti liu tham kho cui ti liu ging dy ca kha

hc

2.2. TRI PH V A TRUY NHP PHN CHIA THEO M

2.2.1. Cc h thng thng tin tri ph

Trong cc h thng thng tin thng thng rng bng tn l vn

quan tm chnh v cc h thng ny c thit k s dng cng t rng

bng tn cng tt. Trong cc h thng iu ch bin song bin, rng bngtn cn thit pht mt ngun tn hiu tng t gp hai ln rng bng tn

ca ngun ny. Trong cc h thng iu tn rng bng tn ny c th bng

vi ln rng bng tn ngun ph thuc vo ch s iu ch. i vi mt tn

hiu s, rng bng tn cn thit c cng gi tr vi tc bit ca ngun.

rng bng tn chnh xc cn thit trong trng hp ny ph thuc v kiu iu

ch (BPSK, QPSK v.v...).

Trong cc h thng thng tin tri ph (vit tt l SS: Spread Spectrum)

rng bng tn ca tn hiu c m rng, thng thng hng trm ln trc khi

c pht. Khi ch c mt ngi s dng trong bng tn SS, s dng bng tn

nh vy khng c hiu qu. Tuy nhin mi trng nhiu ngi s dng, cc


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ngi s dng ny c th dng chung mt bng tn SS (tri ph) v h thng tr

nn s dng bng tn c hiu sut m vn duy tr c cc u im catri ph.

Mt h thng thng tin s c coi l SS nu:

* Tn hiu c pht chim rng bng tn ln hn rng bng tn ti thiu

cn thit pht thng tin.

* Tri ph c thc hin bng mt m c lp vi s liu.

C ba kiu h thng SS c bn: chui trc tip (DSSS: Direct-Sequence

Spreading Spectrum), nhy tn (FHSS: Frequency-Hopping Spreading

Spectrum) v nhy thi gian (THSS: Time-Hopping Spreading Spectrum). Cng

c th nhn c cc h thng lai ghp t cc h thng ni trn. WCDMA s

dng DSSS. DSSSt c tri ph bng cch nhn lung s cn truyn vi

mt m tri ph c tc chip (Rc=1/Tc, Tc l thi gian mt chip) cao hn nhiu

tc bit (Rb=1/Tb, Tbl thi gian mt bit) ca lung s cn pht.Hnh 2.1

minh ha qu trnh tri ph trong Tb=15Tchay Rc=15Rb. Hnh 2.1a cho thy

s n gin cab tri ph DSSS trong lung s cn truyn xc tc Rb

cnhn vi mt m tri ph c tc Rc c lung u ra y c tc Rcln hn nhiu so vi tc Rbcalung vo. Cc hnh 2.1b v 2.1b biu th qu

trnh tri ph trong min thi gian v min tn s.

Ti pha thu lung y c thc hin gii tri ph khi phc li lung x

bng cch nhn lung ny vi m tri ph c ging nh pha pht: x=yc


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x, y v c k hiu tng qut cho tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph; x(t), y(t) v c(t)

k hiu cho cc tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph trong min thi gian; X(f), Y(f)

v C(f) k hiu cho cc tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph trong min tn s; Tbl

thi gian mt bit ca lung s cn pht, Rb=1/Tbl tc bit ca lung s cn

truyn; Tcl thi gian mt chip ca m tri ph, Rc=1/Tcl tc chip ca m

tri ph. Rc=15Rbv Tb=15Tc.

Hnh 2.1. Tri ph chui trc tip (DSSS)

2.2.2. p dng DSSS cho CDMA


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Trong cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m da trn CDMA, mt

tp m trc giao cs dng v mi ngi s dng c gn mt m tri ph

ring. Cc m tri ph ny phi m bo iu kin trc giao sau y:

1. Tch hai m ging nhau bng 1: cici=12. Tch hai m khc nhau s l mt m mi trong tp m: cicj=ck3. C s bit 1 bng s bit -1 trong mt m

1

10

N

k

k

CN

, trong N l s

chip v Ckl gi tr chip k trong mt m

Bng 2.1. cho thy th d s dng b m gm tm m trc giao: c0, c1, ,

c7. Bng 2.2 v 2.3 cho thy th d khi nhn hai m ging nhau trong bng 1

c 1 v nhn hai m khc nhau trong bng 2.1 ta c mt m mi..

Bng 2.1. Th d b tm m trc giao

c0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1

c1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1

c2 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1

c3 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1

c4 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1


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c5 +1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1

c6 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1

c7 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1

Bng 2.2. Th d nhn hai m ging nhau trong bng 1 c mt

c1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1

c1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1

c1c1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1

Bng 2.3. Th d nhn hai m khc nhau trong bng 1 c mt m mi trong

tp 8 m

c1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1


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c3 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1

= c2 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1

Nu ta xt mt h thng gm K ngi s dng c xy dng trn c s

CDMA, th sau tri ph cc ngi s dng ny s pht vo khng gian tp cc

tn hiu y nh sau:

1 1

K K

i i ii iy y c x (2.1)

Ta xt qu trnh x l tn hiu ny ti mt my thu k. Nhim v ca my thu ny

l phi ly ra xkv loi b cc tn hiu khc (cc tn hiu ny c gi l nhiu

ng knh v trong h thng CDMA chng c pht trn cng mt tn s vi

xk). Nhn (2.1) vi xkv p dng quy tc trc giao ni trn ta c:

1

K

k k i i

ii k

x x c x

% (2.2)

Thnh phn th nht trong (2.2) chnh l tn hiu hu ch cn thnh phn th hai

l nhiu ca cc ngi s dng cn l nhiu ca cc ngi s dng khc c

gi l MAI (Multiple Access Interferrence: nhiu a ngi s dng). loi b

thnh phn th hai my thu s dng b lc tng quan trngmin thi gian kt

hp vi b lc tn s trong min tn s. Hnh 2.2 xt qu trnh gii tri ph v

lc ra tn hiu hu ch ti my thu k trong mt h thng CDMA c K ngi s

dng vi gi thit cng sut pht t K my pht nh nhau ti u vo my thu k.

Hnh 2.2a cho thy s gii tri ph DSSS. Hnh 2.2b cho thy ph ca tn

hiu tng c pht i t K my pht sau tri ph, hnh 2.2c cho thy ph ca


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tn hiu ny sau gii tri ph ti my thu k v hnh 2.2d cho thy ph ca tn

hiu sau b lc thng thp vi bng thng bng Rb.

Hnh 2.2. Qu trnh gii tri ph v lc tn hiu ca ngi s dng k t K tn

hiu.

T hnh 2.2 ta thy t s tn hiu trn nhiu (SIR: Signal to Interference

Ratio) l t s gia din tch hnh ch nht c t m trn hnh 2.2.b v tng

din tch cc hnh ch nht trng trn hnh 2.2.c: SIR=S1/S2. T s ny t l vi

t s Rc/Rb. v th t s Rc/Rb c gi l li x l (TA: Processing Gain).

2.3. IU KHIN CNG SUT


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Trong trng hp mt my pht gy nhiu n gn my thu k (n gn

nt B chng hn), cng sut camy pht ny tng cao dn n MAI tng cao,

t s tn hiu trn nhiu gim mnh v my thu k khng th tch ra c tn hiu

ca mnh. Hin tng ny cgi l hin tng gn v xa. trnhhin tng

ny h thng phi iu khin cng sut sao cho cng sut thu ti nt B ca tt ccc UE u bng nhau (l tng).iu khin cng sut trong WCDMA c

chia thnh:

iu khin cng sut vng h iu khin cng sut vng kn

iu khin cng sut vng h cthc hin t ng ti UE khi n thc

hin th tc xin truy nhp Nt B (da trn cng sut m n thu c t knh hoa

tiu pht i t B), khi ny UE chac kt ni vi nt ny. Cn iu khin cng

sutvng kn c thc hin khi UE kt ni vi nt B. iukhin cng sut

vng h li c chia thnh:

iu khin cng sut vng trong c thc hin ti nt B. iu khincngsut vng trong cthc hin nhanh vi 1500 ln trong mt giy da trn

so snh SIR thu vi SIR ch

iu khin cng sut vng ngoi cthc hin ti RNC thit lp SIRch cho nt B. iu khin cng sut ny da trn so snh t l li khi

(BLER) thu cvi t l ch.

2.4. CHUYN GIAO TRONG H THNG CDMA


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Thng thng chuyn giao (HO: Handover) chiu l qu trnh trong

knh lu lng ca mt UE cchuyn sang mt knh khc m bo

cht lng truyn dn. Tuy nhin trong CDMA khi nim ny ch thch hp cho

chuyn giao cng cn i vi chuyn giao mm khi nim ny phc tp hn, ta

s xt c th trong phn di y.

C th chia HO thnh cc kiu HO sau:

HO ni h thngxy ra bn trong mt h thng WCDMA. C th chia nhHO ny thnh

o HO ni h thnggia cc thuc cng mt tn s sng mang WCDMAo HO gia cc tn s (IF-HO)gia cc hot ng trn cc tn s

WCDMA khc nhau

HO gia cc h thng (IS-HO) gia cc thuc hai cng ngh truy nhp vtuyn (RAT) khc nhau hay cc ch truy nhp v tuyn (RAM) khc

nhau. Trng hp thng xuyn xy ra nht i vi kiu th nht l HO

gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM/EDGE. Tuy nhin cng c th l IS-

HO gia WCDMA v h thngcc h thng CDMA khc (cdma2000 1x

chng hn). Th d v HO gia cc RAM l HO gia cc ch UTRA

FDD v UTRA TDD.

C th c cc th tc HO sau:


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Tp ln cn/ tp cgim st(c hai t c s dng nh nhau). Tp nybao gm tt c cc c gim st/o lin tc bi UE v hin thi khng c

trong tp tch cc

Tp c pht hin. Tp ny bao gm cc cUE pht hin nhngkhng thuctp tch cc ln tp ln cn.

SHO l mt tnh nng chung ca h thng WCDMA trong cc ln

cn hat ng trn cng mt tn s. Trong ch kt ni, UE lin tc o cc

phc v v cc ln cn (do RNC ch dn) trn tn s sng mang hin thi. UE

so snh cc kt qu o vi cc ngng HO do RNC cung cp v gi bo co ktqu o n RNC khi thc hin cc tiu chun bo co. V th SHO l kiu

chuyn giao c nh gi bi u cui di ng (MEHO: Mobile Estimated

HO). Tuy nhin gii thut quyt nh SHO c t trong RNC. Da trn cc

bo co kt qu o nhn c t UE (hoc nh k hoc c khi ng bi

mt s cc s kin nht nh), RNC lnh cho UE b sung hay loi b mt s

khi tp tch cc ca mnh (ASU: Active Set Apdate: cp nht tp tch cc).

2.5. MY THU PHN TP A NG HAY MY THU RAKE

Phainh a ng trn knh v tuyn dn n tn thi v chn lc tn s

lm hng tn hiu thu. nh gi hin tng tn thi trn ng truyn vtuyn, ngi ta pht i mt xung hp (xung kim) v o p ng xung ny ti

pha thu. p ng ny l bc tranh th hin s ph thuc cng sut ca cc

ng truyn khc nhau n my thu vo thi gian tr ca cc ng truyn

ny. p ng ny c gi l l lch tr cng sut. Hnh 2.4a cho thy truyn

sng a ng v hnh 2.4b cho thy th d v l lch tr cng sut.


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Hnh 2.4. Truyn sng a ng v l lch tr cng sut

Chui tn hiu gingu nhin c pht i CDMA c thuc tnh l cc

phin bn dch thi ca n ti pha thu hu nh khng tng quan. Nh vy mt

tn hiu c truyn t my pht n my thu theo nhiu ng khc nhau (thi

gian tr khc nhau) c th c phn gii vo cc tn hiu phainh khc nhau

bng cch ly tng quan tn hiu thu chanhiu phin bn dch thi ca chui

gi ngu nhin. My thu s dng nguyn l ny c gi l my thu phn tp a

ng hay my thu RAKE (hnh 2.5).


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Hnh 2.5. My thu RAKE

Trong my thu RAKE nhn c cc phin bn dch thi ca

chui ngu nhin, tn hiu thu phi i qua ng tr trc khi c ly tng

quan v c kt hp. ng tr bao gm nhiu mt tr c thi gian tr bng

thi gian mt chip Tc. My thu dch nh thi bn sao m tri ph tng chip cho

tng k hiu thng tin gii tri ph k hiu trong vng mt k hiu v to nn

l lch tr cng sut (xem hnh 2.5a). Vi tham kho l lch tr cng sut (bc

tranh th hin cng sut v tr ca cc ng truyn) c to ra, my thu chn

cc ng truyn c cng sut vt ngng kt hp RAKE trn c s s

lng b tng quan, b c tnh knh v b b tr thay i pha(c gi l

cc ngn my thu RAKE). Trong trng hp p dng thu phn tp khng gian hay phn tp gia cc on , l lch tr cng sut c to ra cho mi nhnh v

cc ngtruyn c chnt l lch tr cng sut sut tng hp ca tt c cc

nhnh. Trong thc t, v cc tn hiu tri ph gm nhiu ca cc ngi s dng

khc v cc tn hiu a ng ca knh ngi s dng, nn gi tr ngng c

lp d trn mc cng sut tp m nn v cc ng truyn c SIR h iu dng


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(c cng sut thu vt ngng) c chn.V MS chuyn ng (hoc mi

trng truyn sng thay i khi MS c nh), nn v tr ng truyn (thi gian

tr) c kt hp RAKE cng s thng xuyn thay i, my phi nh k cp

nht l lch tr ngtruyn v cp nht cc ng truyn c kt hp RAKE

trn c s l lch mi (qu trnh ny c gi l tm kim ng truyn v nlin quan n tm kim ng truyn kt hp RAKE).

2.6. CC M TRI PH S DNG TRONG WCDMA

Khi nim tri ph c p dng cho cc knh vt l, khi nim ny bao

gm hai thao tc. u tin l thao tc nh knh, trong mi k hiu s liu

dc chuyn thnh mt s chip nh vy tng rng ph tn hiu. S chip trn

mt k hiu (hay t s gia tc chip v tc khiu) c gi l h s tri

ph (SF: Spectrum Factor), hay ni mt cch khc SF=Rs/Rctrong Rsl tc

k hiu cn Rcl tc chip. H s tri ph l mt gi tr kh bin, ngoi tr

i vi knh chia s ng xung vt l tc cao (HS-PDSCH ) trong HSDPAc SF=16. Thao tc th hai l thao tc ngu nhin ha tng tnh trc giao

trong mt m ngu nhin ha c trn vi tn hiu tri ph. M ngu

nhin ho c xy dng trn c s m Gold.

Trong qu trnh nh knh, cc k hiu s liu c nhn vi mt m

OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spread Factor: m trc giao h s kh bin) ng

b v thi gian vi bin ca k hiu. Trong 3GPP, OVSF (hnh 2.6) c sdng cho cc tc k hiu khc nhau v c k hiu l Cch,SF,ktrong SF l

h s tri ph ca m v k l s th t m (0kSF-1). Cc m nh knh c cc

tnh cht trc giao v c s dng phn bit cc thng tin c pht i cng

t mt ngun: (1) cc kt ni khc nhau trn ng xung trong cng mt trn

ng xung v gim nhiuni , (2) cc knh s liu vt l ng ln t mt


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UE. Trn ng xung cc m OVSF trong m b hn ch v th cn c

qun l bi RNC, tuy nhin iu ny khng xy ra i vi ng ln.

Cn lu khi chn m nh knh chng khng tng quan vi nhau. Chng

hn khi chn m Cch,8,4=+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1, khng c s dng m

Cch,16,8=+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1; v hai m ny hon ton ging

nhau (tch ca chng bng 1) v chng s gy nhiu cho nhau.

Cc m OVSF ch hiu qu khi cc knh c ng b hon ho ti mc

k hiu. Mt tng quan cho do truyn sng a ng c b tr bi thao tc

ngu nhin ha b sung. Vi thao tc ngu nhin ha, phn thc (I) v phn o

(Q) ca tn hiu tri ph c nhn b sung vi m ngu nhin ha phc. M

ngu nhin ha phc c s dng phn bit cc ngun pht: (1) cc khc

nhau i vi ng xung v (2) cc UE khc nhau i vi ng ln. Cc m

ny c cc tnh cht tng quan tt (trung bnh ha nhiu) v lun cs dng

trn vi cc m triph nhng khng lm nh hng rng ph tn hiu

v bng thng truyn dn.

Hnh 2.6. Cy m nh knh


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ng truyn gia nt B v UE trong WCDMA cha nhiu knh. C th

chia cc knh ny thnh hai loi: (1) knh ring truyn lu lng v (2) knh

chung mang cc thng tin iu khin v bo hiu. ng truyn t UE n nt

B c gi l ngln, cn ng ngc li t nt B n UE cgi l

ngxung. Trc ht ta xt tri ph cho cc knh ng ln.

2.7. TRI PH V IU CH NG LN

2.7.1. Tri ph v iu ch cc knh ring ng ln

Nguyn l tri ph cho DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel: knh

s liu vt l ring,knh truyn lu lng ca ngi s dng) v DPCCH

(Dedicated Physical Control Channel: knh iu khin vt l ring; knh i cng

vi DPDCH mang thng tin iu khin lp vt l)c minh ha trn hnh

2.7.

Mt DPCCH v cc i su DPDCH song song gi tr thc c th c

tri ph v pht ng thi. DPCCH lun c tri ph bng m Cc=Cch,256,0,

trong k=0. Nu ch mt knh DPDCH c pht trn ng ln, th DPDCH1

c tri ph vi m Cd,1=Cch,SF,k, trong k=SF/4 l s m OVSF v k=SF/4.

Ngha l nu h s tri ph SF=128 th k=32. Nu nhiu DPDCH c pht, th

tt c DPDCH u c h s tri ph l 4 (tc bit knh l 960kbps) vDPDCHnc tri ph bi m Cd,n=Cch,4,k, trong k=1 nu n{1,2}, k=3 nu

n{3,4} v k=2 nu n{5,6}. b tr s khc nhau gia cc h s tri ph

ca s liu, tn hiu tri ph c nh trng s bng cc h s khuych i k

hiu l ccho DPCCH v dcho DPDCH. Cc h s khuych i ny ctnh

ton bi SRNC v c gi n UE trong giai on thit lp ng truyn v


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tuyn hay t li cu hnh. Cc h s khuych i nm trong di t 0 n 1 v t

nht mt trong s cc gi tr ca cv dlun lun bng 1. Lung chip ca cc

nhnh I v Q sau c cng phc vi nhau v c ngu nhin ha bi mt

m ngu nhin ha phc c k hiu l Sdpch,ntrn hnh 2.7. M ngu nhin ha

ny c ng b vi khung v tuyn, ngha l chip th nht tng ng vi ukhung v tuyn.

Hnh 2.7. Tri ph v iu ch DPDCH v DPCCH ng ln

Cc nghin cu cho thy mi s pht khng lin tc trn ng ln c th

gy nhiu m thanh cho thit b m thanh t gn my u cui di ng. Th d

in hnh l trng hp nhiu tn s khung (217 Hz=1/4,615ms) gy ra do cc

u cui GSM. trnh hiu ng ny, knh DPCCH v cc knh DPDCH

khng cghp theo thi gian m c ghp theo m I/Q (iu ch QPSK hai

knh) vi ngu nhin ho phc. Minh ha trn hnh 2.8 cho thy s iu ch

ny cho php truyn dn lin tc ngay c trong cc chu k im lng khi ch c


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thng tin iu khin lp 1 duy tr hot ng ng truyn (DPCCH) l c

pht.

Hnh 2.8. Truyn dn knh iu khin vt l ringng ln v knh s liu vt

l ring ng ln khi c/ khng c (DTX) s liu ca ngi s dng

Nh minh ha trn hnh 2.9, cc m ngu nhin ha phc c to ra

bng cch quay pha gia cc chip trong mt chu k k hiu trong gii hn 900.

Bng cchny hiu sut ca b khuch i (lin quan n t s cng sut nh

trn cng sut trung bnh) trong UE hu nh khng i khng ph th thuc vo

t s gia DPDCH v DPCCH.

Hnh 2.9. Chm tn hiu i vi ghp m I/Q s dung ngu nhin ha phc,

biu din cho t s cng sut gia DPDCH v DPCCH.


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DPCCH v cc DPDCH c th c ngu nhin ha bng cc m ngu

nhin di hoc ngn. C 224m ngu nhin ha di ng ln v 224 m ngu

nhin ngn ng ln. V c th s dng c hng triu m nn khng cn quy

hochm ng ln. S m ngu nhin cho DPCH (0,., 16777215), cng vi

SF thp nht c php ca m nh knh (4, 8, 16, 32, 128 v 256) cho phn s

liu c n nh bi cc lp cao hn, chng hn khi thit lp ktni RRC hoc

khi iu khinchuyn giao.

2.7.2. Tri ph v iu ch knh chung ng ln PRACH

Phn ny s trnh by n nh m cho tin t v phn bn tin ca PRACH

l mt dng knh chung ng ln.

Tri ph v ngu nhin ha phn bn tin PRACH c minh ha trn

hnh 2.10.

Hnh 2.10. Tri ph v iu chphn bn tin PRACH


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Phn iu khin ca bn tin PRACH c tri ph bng m nh knh

Cc=Cch,256,m, trong m=16.s+15 v s (0s15) l ch k tin t v phn s liu

c tri ph bng m nh knh Cd=Cch,SF,m, trong SF (c gi tr t 32 n

256) l h s tri ph s dng cho phn s liu v m=SF.s/16.

Phn bn tin PRACH lun lun c tri ph bng m ngu nhin ha

di. di ca m ngu nhin ha c s dng cho phn bn tin l 10ms. C

tt c l 8192 m ngu nhin ha.

2.8. TRI PH V IU CH NG XUNG

2.8.1. S tri phv iu ch ng xung

Khi nim tri ph v ngu nhin ha ng xung c minh ha trn

hnh 2.11. Ngoi tr cc SCH (knh ng b s xt trong chng 3), mi cp haibit knh trc ht c bin i t ni tip vo song song tng ng mt k

hiu iu ch, sau c t ln cc nhnh I v Q. Sau cc nhnh I v Q

c tri ph n tc 3,84Mcps bng cng mi m dnh knh Cch,SF,m. Cc

chui chip gi tr thc trn cc nhnh Iv Q sau c ngu nhin ha bng

m ngu nhin ha phc nhn dng ngun pht nt B, m ny ck hiu

l Sdl,ntrn hnh 2.11. M ngu nhin ha ny c ng b vi m ngu nhin

ha s dng cho P-CCPCH (knh vt l iu khin chung s cp s xt trongcng 3), trong chp phc u tin ca khung P-CCPCH c nhn vi chip

s 0 ca m ngu nhin ha ny.

Sau tri ph, mi knh vt l ng xung (tr cc SCH) c nh trng

s bng cc h s trng s ring k hiu l Ginh trn hnh 2.11. P-SCH v S-


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SCH gi tr phc c nh trng s ring bng cc h s trng s Gpv Gs. Tt

c cc knh ng xung c kt hp vi nhau bng cng phc. Chui nhn

c sau tri ph v ngu nhin ha c iu ch QPSK.

Hnh 2.11. S tri ph v iu ch cho tt c cc knh vt l ng xung

2.8.2. Cc m tri ph ng xung

Trn ng xung, cng cc m nh knh nh trn ng ln (m

OVSF) c s dng. Thng thng mi ch c mt cy m v mi cy m

c t di mt m ngu nhin ha dng chung cho nhiu ngi s dng.

Theo quy inh, cc m nh knh dng cho P-CPICH(knh hoa tiu chung s

cp s xt trong chng 3)v P-CCPCH l Cch,256,0v Cch,256,1. B qun l ti

nguyn trong RNC n nh cc m nh knh cho tt c cc knh khc vi gii

hn SF=512 trong trng hp s dngchuyn giao phn tp.

M OVSF c th thay i theo tng khung trn knh PDSCH (knh chia

s ng xung vt l s xt trong chng 3). Quy tc thay i nh sau, m (cc


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m) OVSF c s dng cho kt ni pha dih s tri ph nh nhtl m t

nhnh cy, m nhnh cy m c ch ra bi h s tri ph thp nht ny. Nu

DSCH c sp xp ln nhiu PDSCH song song, th quy tc tng t c p

dng, nhng tt cc nhnh m c s dng bi cc m ny tng ng vi h s

tri ph nh nht u c th s dng cho n nh h s tri ph cao hn.

2.8.3. Cc m ngu nhin ha ng xung

Trn ng xung ch c cc m ngu nhin ha di l c s dng. C

c thy 218-1=262143 m ngu nhin c nh s t 0 n 262142. Cc chui

m ngu nhin c k hiu l Sdl,nc cu trc bng cc on ca chui

Gold. tng tc qu trnh tm , ch 8192 m trong s 262143 c s dng

trong thc t v c ct ngn ly on u 38400 chip ph hp vi chu k

khung 10 ms. Nh minh ha trn hnh 2.12, ch c cc m vi n=0,1,, 8191

c s dng. Cc m ny c chia thnh 512 tp. Mi tp gm 16 m

(i=015) vi mt m s cp v 15 m th cp. 8 tp (i=07) vi 8x16 m hpthnh mt nhm to nn 64 nhm (j=063).


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Hnh 2.12. Cc m ngu nhin ha s cp v th cp

V thng thng mi c nhn dng bng mt m ngu nhin ho s

cp, nn qu trnh tm kim cng l qu trnh tm kim m ny. Qu trnh tm

kim c th c thc hin theo ba bc sau:

Tm P-SCH (knh ng b s cp) thit lp ng b khe v ng b khiu

Tm S-SCH (knh ng b th cp) thit lp ng b khung v nhm m Tm m ngu nhin ha nhn dng

2.8.4. Ghp knh a m ng xung


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tng dung lng knh ng xung ta c th s dng s ghp knh

a m nh cho hnh 2.13.

S/P: bin i ni tip thnh song song

Hnh 2.13. Truyn dn a m cho ng xung

2.9. TNG KT

Cc h thng CDMA c xy dng trn c s tri ph chui trc tip

(DSSS). Vic s dng tri ph cng vi cc m trc giao cho php nhiu u

cui di ng c th dng chung mt tn s. Khi ny tnh trc giao ca cc m v

tri ph cho php mt my thu u cui c th d dng tch ra c tn hiu ca

mnh. Do s dng chung mt tn s nn c th p dng chuyn giao mm cho

CDMA. Trong chuyn giao mm mt my di ng c th kt ni n nhiu trmgc trn cng mt tn s nhng vi m tri ph khc nhau. u im ca chuyn

giao mm l khng lm mt cuc gi trong qu trnh chuyn giao mc d n lm

gim phn no dng lng v tng thm tnh phc tp h thng. Nhng cng

v s dng chung mt tn s nn c th xy ra hin tng gn xa, trong my

di ng gn trm gc s gy nhiu cho cc ngi s dng khc. khc phc


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nhc im ny phi p dng iu khin cng sut nhanh cho CDMA trong

my di ng gn trm gc s c iu chnh pht cng sut thp hn my di

ng xa trm gc. iu khin cng sut nhanh trong WCDMA c thc hin

1500 ln trong mt giy.Mt c im na ca CDMA l cc m ngu nhin

ha mang tnh trc giao kh cao nn cc ng truyn n my thu c trkhc nhau thi gian chip hoc ln hn thi gian ny u c lp vi nhau v v

th c th s dng phn tp a ng (hay my thu RAKE) trong CDMA.

Nguyn tc ca my thu RAKE l chn mt s ng (mt s ngn) c cng

sut thu ln hn ngng, ng chnh pha cc ng ny ri cng cng sut thu

ca chng vi nhau. WCDMA s dng hai tng tri ph: (1) tri ph bng m

nh knh, (2) tri ph bng m nhn dng ngun pht. M nh knh c xy

dng trn c s m h s tri ph trc giao kh bin (OVSF), trong h s tri

ph SF=Rs/Rcvi Rsl tc k hiu v Rc l tc chip. M ngu nhin ha

ccu trc t m Gold. WCDMA s dng iu ch QPSK cho ng xung

v BPSK cho ng ln. gim t s cng sut nh trn cng sut trung bnh

ca tn hiu iu ch, ngu nhin ha phc cs dng.


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Chng 3

GIAO DIN V TUYN CA WCDMA UMTS

3.1. GII THIU CHUNG

3.1.1. Mc ch chng

Hiu tng quan v WCDMA/FDD

Hiu kin trcWCDMA v cc knh ca n Hiu c cc k thut phn tp pht trong WCDMA


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Kin trc giao din v tuyn ca 3G WCDMA/FDD Cc thng s lp vt l v quy hoch tn sca WCDMA/FDD Cc kiu knh ca WCDMA/FDD S tng qut ca mt thit b thu pht WCDMA Cc s phn tp pht cs dng cho WCDMA Cc s iu ch v chuyn giao trong WCDMA Cc thng s quan trng my thu v my pht v tuyn ca UE M ha ting AMR

3.1.3. Hng dn

Hc k cc t liu ctrnh by trong chng Tham kho thm cc ti liu tham kho cui ti liu ging dy ca kha

hc

3.2. M U


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WCDMA UMTS l mt trong cc tiu chun ca IMT-2000 nhm pht

trin ca GSM cung cp cc kh nng cho th h ba. WCDMA UMTS s

dng mng a truy nhp v tuyn trn c s W-CDMA v mng li c pht

trin t GSM/GPRS. W-CDMA c th c hai gii php cho giao din v tuyn:

ghp song cng phn chia theo tn s (FDD: Frequency Division Duplex) vghp song cng phn chia theo thi gian (TDD: Time Division Duplex). C hai

giao din ny u s dng tri ph chui trc tip (DS-CDMA). Gii php th

nht s c trin khai rng ri cn gii php th hai ch yu s c trin khai

cho cc nh (Micro v Pico). Hin nay mi ch c WCDMA/FDD c trin

khai v th trong kha hc ny ta s ch xt WCDMA/FDD

Gii php FDD s dng hai bng tn 5 MHz vi haisng mang phn cchnhau 190 MHz: ng ln c bng tn nm trong di ph t 1920 MHz n

1980 MHz, ng xung c bng tn nm trong di ph t 2110 MHz n 2170

Mhz. Mc d 5 MHz l rng bng danh nh, ta cng c th chn rng

bng t 4,4 MHz n 5 MHzvi nc tng l 200 KHz. Vic chn rng bng

ng n cho php ta trnh c nhiu giaothoa nht l khi khi 5 MHz tip

theo thuc nh khai thc khc.

Gii php TDD s dng cc tn s nm trong di 1900 n 1920 MHz v

t 2010 MHz n 2025 MHz; y ng ln v ng xung s dng chung

mt bng tn.

Giao din v tuyn ca W-CDMA/FDD ( n gin ta s b qua k hiu

FDD nu khng xt n TDD)hon ton khc vi GSM v GPRS, W-CDMA

s dung phng thc tri ph chui trc tip vi tc chip l 3,84 Mcps.

Trong WCDMA mng truy nhp v tuyn c gi l UTRAN (UMTS

Terrestrial Radio Access Network). Cc phn t ca UTRAN rt khc vi cc

phn t mng truy nhp v tuyn ca GSM. V th kh nng s dng li cc

BTS v BSC ca GSM l rt hn ch. Mt s nh sn xut cng c k hoch

nng cp cc GSM BTScho WCDMA. i vi cc nh sn sut ny c th ch


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tho ra mt s b thu pht GSM t BTS v thay vo cc b thu pht mi cho

WCDMA. Mt s rt t nh sn sut cn lp k hoch xa hn. H ch to cc

BSC ng thi cho c GSM v WCDMA. Tuy nhin a phn cc nh sn sut

phi thay th GSM BSCbng RNC mi cho WCDMA.

W-CDMA s dng rt nhiu kin trc ca mng GSM, GPRShin c cho

mng ca mnh. Cc phn t nh MSC, HLR, SGSN, GGSN c th c nng

cp t mng hin c h tr ng thi WCDMA v GSM.

Giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA/FDD c xy dng trn ba kiu knh:

knh logic, knh truyn ti v knh vt l. Knh logic c hnh thnh trn c

s ng gi cc thng tin t lp cao trc khi sp xp vo knh truyn ti.

Nhiu knh truyn ti c ghp chng vo knh vt l. Knh vt l c xy

dng trn cng ngh a truy nhp CDMA kt hp vi FDMA/FDD. Mi knh

vt l c c trng bi mt cp tn s v mt m tri ph. Ngoi ra knh vt

l ng ln cn c c trng bi gc pha. Trong phn di y ta trc ht

ta xt kin trc giao thc ca giao din v tuyn sau ta s xt giao din v

tuyn ca WCDMA/FDD, sau s xt cc knh ny.

3.3. KIN TRC NGN XP GIAO THC CA GIAO DIN V TUYN

WCDMA/FDD

Kin trc giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA c cho trn hnh 3.1.


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UP: Mt phng ngi s dng

CP: Mt phng iu khin

Hnh 3.1. Kintrc giao thc v tuyn cho UTRA FDD.

Ngn xp giao thc ca giao din v tuyn bao gm 3 lp giao thc:

Lp vt l (L1).c t cc vn lin quan n giao din v tuyn nh iuch v m ha, tri ph v.v..

Lp lin kt ni s liu (L2).Lp khun s liu vo cc khi s liu v mbo truyn dn tin cy gia cc nt ln cn hay cc thc th ng cp

Lp mng (L3).c t nh a ch v nh tuyn


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Mi khi th hin mt trng hp ca giao thc tng ng. ng khng

lin nt th hin cc giao din iu khin, qua giao thc RRC iu khin v

lp cu hnh cc lp di.

Lp 2 c chia thnh cc lp con: MAC (Medium Access Control: iu

khin truy nhp mi trng) v RLC (Radio link Control: iu khin lin kt),

PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol: Giao thc hi t s liu gi) v

BMC (Broadcast/Multicast Control: iu khin qung b/a phng ).

Lp 3 v RLC cchia thnh hai mt phng: mt phng iu khin (C-

Plane) v mt phng ngi s dng (U-Plane). PDCP v BMC ch c mt

phng U.

Trong mt phng C lp 3bao gm RRC (Radio Resource Control: iu

khin ti nguyn v tuyn)kt cui ti RAN v cc lpconcao hn: MM

(Mobility Management) v CC (Connection Management), GMM (GPRS

Mobility Management), SM (Session Management) kt cui ti mng li (CN).

Lp vt l l lp thp nht giao din v tuyn. Lp vt l c s dng

truyn dn giao din v tuyn. Mi knh vt l lp ny c xc nhbng mt t hp tn s, m ngu nhin ho (m nh knh) v pha (ch cho

ng ln). Cc knh c s dng vt l truynthng tin cacc lp cao

trn giao din v tuyn, tuy nhin cng c mt s knh vt l ch c dnh cho

hot ng ca lp vt l.

truyn thng tin giao din v tuyn, cc lp cao phi chuyn cc

thng tin ny qua lp MAC n lp vt l bng cch s dng cc knh logic.MAC sp xp cc knh ny ln cc knhtruyn ti trc khi a n lp vt l

lp ny sp xp chng ln ccknh vt l.

3.4. CC THNG S LP VT L V QUY HOCH TN S


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3.4.1. Cc thng s lp vt l

Cc thng s lp vt l ca WCDMA ccho trong bng 3.1.

Bng 3.1. Cc thng slp vt l W-CDMA

W-CDMA

S a truy nhp DS-CDMA bng rng

rng bng tn (MHz) 5/10/15/20

Mnh ph 200 kHz

Tc chip (Mcps) (1,28)/3,84/7,68/11,52/15,36

di khung 10 ms

ng bgia cc nt B Db/ng b

M ha sa li M turbo, m xon

iu chDL/UL QPSK/BPSK


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Tri phDL/UL QPSK/OCQPSK (HPSK)

Bm ha thoi CS-ACELP/(AMR)

Tchc tiu chun 3GPP/ETSI/ARIB

DL: Downlink: ng xung; UL: Uplink: ng ln

OCQPSK (HPSK): Orthogonal Complex Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

(Hybrid PSK) = kha chuyn pha vung gc trc giao

CS-ACELP: Conjugate Structure-Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction

= D bo tuyn tnh kch thch theo m lis cu trc phc hp

3GPP: Third Generation Parnership Project: n ca cc i tc th h ba

ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute: Vin tiu chun

vin thng Chu u

ARIB: Association of Radio Industries and Business: Lin hip cng nghip

v kinh doanh v tuyn

3.4.2. Quy hoch tn s

Cc bng tn s dng cho WCDMA FDDtrn ton cu c cho trn

hnh 3.2a. WCDMA s dng phn b tn s quy nh cho IMT-2000

(International Mobile Telecommunications-2000) (hnh 3.2b) nh sau. chu

u v hu ht cc nc chu bng tn IMT-2000 l 260 MHz (1920-1980


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MHz cng vi 2110-2170 MHz) c th s dng cho WCDMA/FDD. Bng tn

s dng cho TDD chu u thay i, bng tn c cp theo giy php c th

l 25 MHz cho s dng TDD 1900-1920 (TDD1) v 2020-2025 MHz (TDD2).

Bng tn cho cc ng dng TDD khng cn xin php (SPA= Self Provided

Application: ng dng t cp) c th l 2010-2020 MHz. Cc h thng FDDsdng cc bng tn khc nhau cho ng ln v ng xung vi phn cch l

khong cch song cng, cn cc h thng TDD s dng cng tn s cho c

ng ln v ng xung.

UMTS quy nh khai thc song cng phn chia theo tn s l ch tiu

chun cho thng tin thoiv s liu. Hot ng ng thi v lin tc ca cc

mch in pht v thu l cc thay i ng knht so vi hat ng ca GSM.

Hnh 3.2. Phn b tn s cho WCDMA/FDD. a) Cc bng c th dng cho

WCDMA FDD ton cu; b) Bng tn IMT-2000.


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Bng tn cho hat ng FDD cho cc bng I, II v III c cho trn hnh

3.3. Bng I (B1) l n nh bng chnh Chu u. Quy nh dnh hai cp pht

60MHz vi khong cch song cng chun 190MHz, tuy nhin quy nh cng

cho php song cng kh bin, trong khong cch pht thu nm trong khong

130 n 250MHz. H thng song cng kh bin t ra cc yu cu b sung ivi thit k my pht thu v cc b t tn s my pht v my thu phi hot ng

c lp vi nhau. Bng II (B2) ti s dng bng hin c ca h thng thng tin

di ng c nhn v d nh s dng M m bo ng tnti UMTS v

GSM. Khong cch song cng ch bng 80MHz i vi bng II v th t ra cc

yu cu kh khn hn i vi phn cng ca my thu pht.

Hnh 3.3 Cp pht bng tn WCDMA/FDD

Hnh 3.4 cho thy cp pht bng thng theo u thu ti Vng Quc

Anh. Ph tn c chia cho nm nh khai thc nh sau:

Cp php A(Hutchison) nhn cp pht bng kp 14,6 MHz(tng ng35MHz vi bng bo v nh hn)

Cp php B Vodafon) nhn cp pht bng kp 14,8MHz (tng ng35MHz vi bng bo v nh hn)


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Cp php C (BT3G) nhn cp pht bng kp 10MHz (25MHz) v bngn 5MHz ti 1910 MHz

Cp php D (One2One) nhn cp pht bng kp 10MHz (25MHz) vbngdn 5MHz ti 1900MHz

Cp php E(Orange) nhn cp pht bng kp (25MHz) v bng n 5MHzti 1905MHz.

Hnh 3.4. Th d cp pht bng tn cho nm nh khai thc ti Vng Quc Anh

Cp pht tn s ca c khc vi cp pht tn s Anh ch, cc

10MHz bng kp c cp pht cho su nh khai thc (610MHz), tt c bnknh TDD1 c cp pht (1900 n 1920 MHz) cng vi mt trong s cc

knh TDD2 (hnh 3.5).


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Hnh 3.5. Cppht tn s cho su nh khai thc ti c

Ti Vit Nam bng tn 3G c cp pht tn s theo tm khe tn s nh

cho trong bng 3.2, trong hai hoc nhiu nh khai thc c th cng tham gia

xin cp pht chung mt khe.

Bng 3.2. Cp pht tn s 3G ti Vit Nam

FDD TDDKhe tn s

BSTx* BSRx** BSTx/BSRx

A 2110-2125 MHz 1920-1935 MHz 1915-1920 MHz

B 2125-2140 MHz 1935-1950 MHz 1910-1915 MHz


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C 2140-2155 MHz 1950-1965 MHz 1905-1910 MHz

D 2155-2170 MHz 1965-1980 MHz 1900-1905 MHz

* BSTx: my pht trm gc

** BSRx: my thu trm gc

L do cp pht cc knh 5MHz khc nhau ti cc nc khc nhau l ch

cc nh khai thc phi quy hoch m v phi trnh vic s dng cc m gy ranhiu knh ln cn trong cng mt nc hoc cc nh khai thc khc trong nc

lin k. V th cn phi nghin cu quan h gia cc t hp m tri ph v hot

ng ca cc knh ln cn.

3.5. CC KNH CA WCDMA

Cc knh ca WCDMA c chia thnh cc loi knh sauy:

Knh vt l (PhCH).Knh mang s liu trn giao din v tuyn. Mi PhCHc mt tri ph m nh knh duy nht phn bit vi knh khc. Mt

ngi s dng tch cc c th s dng cc PhCH ring, chung hoc c hai.

Knh ring l knh PhCH dnh ring cho mt UE cn knh chung c chia

s gia ccUE trong mt .

Knh truyn ti (TrCH). Knh do lp vt l cung cp cho lp 2 truyn sliu. Cc knh TrCH c sp xp ln cc PhCH


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Knh Logic (LoCH). Knh c lp con MAC ca lp 2 cung cp cho lpcaohn. Knh LoCH c xc nh bi kiu thng tin m n truyn.

3.5.1. Cc knh logic, LoCH

Ni chung cc knh logic (LoCH: Logical Channel) c chia thnh hai

nhm: cc knh iu khin (CCH: Control Channel) truyn thng tin iu

khin v cc knh lu lng (TCH: Traffic Channel) truyn thng tin ca

ngi s dng. Cc knh logic v ng dng ca chng c tng kttrong bng

3.2.

Bng 3.2. Danh sch cc knh logic

Nhm knh Knh logic ng dng

BCCH (Broadcast Control

Channel: Knh iu khin

qung b)

Knh ng xung pht qung

b thng tin h thngCCH

(Control

Channel:

Knh iu

khin)PCCH (Paging Control


tm gi)

Knh ng xung pht qung

b thng tin tm gi


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CCCH (Common Control


chung)

Knh hai chiu pht thng tin

iu khin gia mng v cc UE.

c s dng khi khng c kt

ni RRC hoc khi truy nhp mt

mi

DCCH (Dedicated Control


ring).

Knh hai chiu im n im

pht thng tin iu khin ring

gia UE v mng. c thit lp

bi thit

Viettel Training Document 2009

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Transcript of Viettel Training Document 2009