VIETNAM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OUTLOOK 2016 · Year Total papers published Increased no. of papers...

VIETNAM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OUTLOOK 2016

Department of International Cooperation, MOST3/2017

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INTRODUCTION

Vietnam’s economy has been growing fast. Over the last

10 years, the average annual growth is 6.29%.

Science and Technology (S&T) plays an important role

both in fostering the Industrialization – Modernization

process and innovating the economic growth model.

S&T is considered “a primary national policy” (Vietnam

Constitution 2013, Article 62, Paragraph 1); “a national

priority” as prescribed in various national Resolutions and

documents issued by the Government; and the key to

ensure a long-term and sustainable economic

development as stated in the National Strategy for S&T

development in the 2011 – 2020 period.

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CONTENTS

2. Orientation for S&T development

1. Overview of S&T in Vietnam

3. Solutions

Association,

NGOsEnterprises

Universities

, colleges,

academies

Ministries

/SectorsMOST

Provincial

People

Committee

Vietnam

Academy

of S&T

Vietnam

Academy

of Social

Sciences

Private S&T

Organization

Public S&T

Organization

Mapping of actors in the S&T network

S&T Organizations

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I. AN OVERVIEW OF S&T IN VIETNAM

S&T Organizations

According to statistics, Vietnam has approximately 2,230 S&T organizations up

till 2016 – 11.15 times that of 1996 as specified below:

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Public organizations Private organizations

Central Local Central Local

553 521 608 546

Total: 1.074 Total: 1.154

More than 1000 S&T organizations at different levels are research and

development (R&D) organizations, which mainly belong to 02 national

academies, ministries/sectors, universities, colleges, enterprises and NGOs.

There are approximately 420 universities, colleges, academies and S&T service

organizations (e.g: S&T information, STAMEQ...) nationwide.

The number of private R&D organizations has increased, accounting for more

than 52% of the total number of R&D organizations.

Upon exercising autonomy and self-responsibility, public R&D organizations

have also improved their work performance with higher efficiency.


In 2016, MOST developed a list of criteria (5-point scale )for evaluating primary research and secondary research organizations that match regional and international standards and have full capacity to solve national S&T key problems. These criterias applied for 66 organizations (Vietnam Academies: 25/ Vietnam National University (NVU) in Hochiminh City :16, NVU in Hanoi: 11 / Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST): 14).

Results: 06 organizations received a score of approximately 4/5 and above (Vietnam

Academies: 03, NVU in HCM City: 03). Given such score, these organizations can be considered matching regional and international standards (equivalent to that of the Institute of Physics and Institute of Mathematics which are recognized and supported by UNESCO).

14 organizations received a score of approximately 3/5 and above (Vietnam Academies: 03, HUST: 06, VNU in Hochiminh City: 01, VNU in Hanoi: 02).

Until 2016, there are 3,000 S&T enterprises nationwide, including: 250 certified S&T enterprises, 36 certified high-tech enterprises, 400 enterprises operating in High-tech parks, 818 enterprises fulfilling all criterias to be S&T enterprises and awaiting certification (mostly in Hanoi and Hochiminh City), 1,400 IT software enterprises.

S&T Organizations

According to UNESCO, S&T personnel is categorized as below:

S&T personnel = Total personnel who obtain a university/college degree and above,

including R&D personnel.

R&D personnel comprises persons who directly involve in R&D activities, including

researchers, technicians, support staff and others.

Vietnam currently has approximately 4.28 million people who hold a

university/college degree and above, including: 24.3 thousand PhD (41% working

in universities, colleges), 101 thousand masters (35% working in universities,

colleges) with an average age of 38,5.

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R&D personnel by qualifications


S&T Human resources

According to the survey conducted in 2014, the number of R&D personnel is

164.744, equivalent to a rate of 14 persons every 10.000 residents

R&D personnel by sector of employment and occupation

S&T Human resources

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Sector of

employment

Total R&D

personnel

Rate

(%)

Occupation

Researcher TechnicianSupport

StaffOthers

Total R&D

personnel

164.744 100 128.997 12.799 15.149 7.799

Public sector 139.531 84,7 112.191 8.898 12.829 5.613

Private sector 20.917 12,7 15.076 2.837 1.569 1.435

Foreigninvestment

4.296 2,6 1.730 1.064 751 751


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Distribution of R&D

personnel by

sectors of

employment


S&T Human resources

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Distribution of researchers in

different sectors of

employment

Percentage of researchers in different

sectors of employment


S&T Human resources

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Proportion of

researchers by fields of

science


S&T Human resources

S&T Investment

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Since 2000, the percentage of

State budget spent on S&T

activities has roughly matched

the required number 2% of the

total State budget(including

expenditure for S&T in national

safety and security)

In the 2011 – 2016 period, the

average expenditure for S&T

accounts for 1.46% of the total

budget spent (~0.4% GDP)

Expenditure for R&D accounts for

40% of the total budget spent for

S&T; the remaining budget is for

development investment.

Other financial sources other

than State budget accounts for

40% of total investment in S&T.


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State investment in S&T in the 2006-2015 period (billion dongs)

(Source: MOST, Ministry of Finance,General Statistics of Vietnam, 2015)


S&T Investment

Key laboratories (PTNTĐ) is one type of R&D organizations that receive

governmental funds to buy modern facilities and equipments and become

forefront in primary research, primary research oriented towards applied

research and technological development.

There are 16 national PTNTD at 13 research institutes, 3 universities under

ministries, sectors and 1 company focusing on 7 fields of science, including:

Biotechnology (5); Information Technology (3); Material technology (2);

Automation and machination (2); Petrochemistry (1); Energy (1); Infrastructure

(2).

These PTNTD attract 726 top scientists, including 528 scientists with full-time

employment (34 professors and associate professors; 185 obtaining PhD’s and master’s degrees, 234 obtaining bachelor’s degrees) and 198 scientists with part-time employment (35 professors and associate professors, 54 obtaining

PhD’s and master’s degrees, 32 obtaining bachelor’s degrees)

S&T infrastructure

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Up until 2016 Vietnam has:

03 national High-tech Park in three regions: North (Hoa-Lac High-tech Park),

South (Hochiminh City) and Central (Da Nang City) with140 projects and a total

investment capital of 7.085 million USD.

08 Software cities located in big cities such as Hochiminh City, Da Nang, Hanoi,

Hai Phong, Can Tho, Thua Thien – Hue (mostly built and went into operation

since 2003-2005)

13 high-tech applied agricultural zones in Hochiminh City, Ha Hoi, Thai Nguyen,

Son La, Can Tho, Hai Phong, Quang Ngai, Phu Yen, Binh Dinh, Lam Dong, Bac

Lieu and Hau Giang. Other cities, provincies in the key economic regions also

expect to establish their own high-tech applied agricultural zones .

11 high-tech and start-up incubation facilities.

06 high-tech and start-up incubation facilities under construction or awaiting

approval for establishment.

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S&T infrastructure


S&T publications

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Annual S&T publications

Year Total papers published Increased no. of papers Increased rate(%)

2011 123.610 16.214

2012 140.861 17.251 14,0

2013 159.213 18.352 13,0

2014 177.694 18.481 11,6

2015 196.324 18.630 10,5


Vietnam International S&T publication in the 2011-15 period and in 2016

(NASATI and S4VN)17

In the 2011-2015 period, the total number of Vietnam S&T publication as recorded

in the Web of Science Database is 11,953 papers, the total number of international

S&T publication on ISI journals is 11.791 papers.


International S&T publications

YearNumber of

publication

Growth

rate

(%)

Number of

citations

Average

number of

citations per

publication

Average number of

citations

per

publication

per year

2011 1.584 - 12.917 8,15 2,04

2012 1.964 23,99 16.509 8,41 2,80

2013 2.509 27,75 12.593 5,02 2,51

2014 2.759 9,96 7.662 2,78 2,78

2015 3.137 13,70 2.413 0,77

Total 11.953

Vietnam international S&T publication in 2011 – 2015 as recorded in the Web

of Science Database on March 31, 2016



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The number of Vietnam international publication in the 2011-2015 period in

comparison to other ASEAN countries – accessed from Web of Science on 31/3/2016

No. Country Publication

1 Singapore 69.107

2 Malaysia 54.368

3 Thailand 39.226

4 Vietnam 11.953

5 Indonesia 10.679

6 Philippine 7.306

7 Campuchia 1.242

8 Laos 873

9 Brunei 681

10 Myanmar 461




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As can be seen from

the number of

Vietnam’s international publication, Physics,

Maths, Chemistry and

Engineering (clinical

medicine, computer

science, agricultural

engineering) are the

country’s advantages with global impacts.

These 4 fields of

science account for

44% of Vietnam’s international S&T

publication.


The number of international patent applications from Vietnam is low, but the

number of domestic patent application has increased 62% in the 2011- 2015

period as compared to the 2006 – 2010 period (an equivalent of approximately

12% per year).

The number of exclusive patent license granted accounts for only 5% of the total

number of patent applications. The number of GPHI patent accounts for 65% of

the total number of GPHI patent granted.

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Patents and other intellectual properties

The number of patent application and patent grants in 2011-2015 and 2016

Source: WIPO, NOIP 2016 (updated till 11/2016)

Patents and other intellectual properties

Year

No. of Patent

Applications

No. of Patent

Grants

No. of GPHI

Applications

No. of GPHI

Grants

VN Overseas VN Overseas VN Overseas VN Overseas

2011 300 22 48 5 193 1 46 N/A

2012 382 44 52 4 199 1 59 N/A

2013 443 54 59 11 226 0 74 N/A

2014 487 74 36 24 246 0 66 N/A

2015 582 97 63 25 310 4 86 N/A

2016* 475 - 72 - 276 - 95 -


I. TỔNG QUAN KHOA HỌC VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ VIỆT NAM

High-tech export, which accounts for

10.6% of total regional export, equals to

that of Thailand and is only behind

Singapore (45.9%), is one of Vietnam’s advantage.

According to UNESCO’s statistics, Vietnam has an impressive growth in

high-tech export, which increased 10

times as compared to the 2008-2013

period. In 2008 the total value of high-

tech export is 2,960 million USD while

in 2013, it reached 32,489 million USD,

increasing 997%.

Main field of export: telecommunication,

computers and laptops, accounting for

80% and 18% of the total high-tech

export respectively. Most of high-tech

export come from FDI enterprises. 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Năm 2008 Năm 2013

2.960

32.489

S&T Contributions

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I. TỔNG QUAN KHOA HỌC VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ VIỆT NAM

The contribution of high-tech and applied products towards the total industrial

manufacturing value has increased over the 2011-2013 and 2015 period. (in %

respectively: 18,46; 26,64; 28,03 and ~ 30% as can be seen below):

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Năm 2011 Năm 2012 Năm 2013 Năm 2015

18,46

26,6428,03

~30

S&T Contributions

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According to Asian Productivity Organization (APO) statistics, Vietnam’s labor productivity has increased 4.3%/year over the 2010-2013 period, in which TFP

accounts for 26% and increasing funding accounts for 74% (as compared to

TFP in Thailand 61%, Phillipines 80%, Indonesia 44% and Malaysia 51%)

In 2013, increased TFP contributed 32.5% to the increased of total productivity.

In 2104, TFP contributed 36.7%.

As estimated from 2015, the contribution of TFP to GDP growth would be

48.4%.

The contribution of TFP to the whole 2011-2015 period would be over 30%.

According to the Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, Vietnam ranked

6th as compared to Singapore (2nd), Malaysia (25th), Thailand 34th), Indonesia

(41st), and Phillippines (57th) in the Global Competitive Index. In 2016, Vietnam

ranked 56th among 140 countries in the world.


S&T Contributions

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S&T Contributions

The Global Innovation Index (GII) 2016 is the result of the collaboration

between the World Intellectual Property Organization, Cornell University and

INSEAD. It ranks the innovation performance of 128 countries in the world.

GII Report was released on 15 Aug 2016, in which Vietnam ranked 59th with a

score of 35.4/100.

Among ASEAN countries, Vietnam ranked 4th behind Singapore (7), Malaysia

(33) and Thái Lan (48).

In 2015, Vietnam ranked 52nd among 141 economies surveyed with a score of

38,3/100.


Vietnam has changed its funding mechanism for S&T activities via S&T national

foundations: competing based on work efficiency.

E.g: NAFOSTED, NATIF and several other foundations will soon be established to

encourage venture capital in S&T activities.

Development of national key S&T programs.

Development of specific S&T programs.

Projects, programs collaborated with foreign partners.

S&T programs for sustainable development.

S&T Funding programs


Vietnam has an integrated S&T management system from central to local level

(MOST, Department of S&T at provinces and cities centrally governed,

Department of S&T at ministries/sectors).

There are 09 laws on S&T, including 01 for general S&T and 08 for specific

matters of S&T: Law on S&T, Law on Intellectual Property, Law on Technology

Transfer, Law on High technology, Law on Atomic Energy, Law on Product Quality

and Goods, Law on Standards and Technical regulations, Law on Metrology, Law

on efficient and economical use of energy.

Many other documents under the law have also been enacted and implemented

to encourage and foster S&T activities.

S&T policies have been well-adjusted considering all aspects of S&T: finance and

investment, human resources, organization, infrastructure, intellectual property,

S&T services…

S&T management system and policies


II. ORIENTATION FOR S&T DEVELOPMENT

Vietnam lay down as a policy that S&T development is first and foremost for the

acceleration of industrialization and modernization, growth model innovation on

the basis of technological premise, S&T application to manufacturing and sales.

Strive to pass other ASEAN countries and transition to the creativity phase,

owning technology and manufacturing high-quality products.

Adapt to the Industrial Revolution 4.0 with newly updated technology and

business model

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In 2020, S&T will

contribute

35% value to the total

economic

growth thanks

to TFP.

High-tech and

applied product

s account

s for 40% of

total industri

al export

Technology

innovation rate will be approximately 20%

Transactional

value of S&T

market increases at an

average rate of 15%

per year

Total investment

in S&T will be above 2% of GDP in 2020

Establishment of a

network of

foundation for S&T

development

Highly-skilled S&T

personnel

A system of

autonomous and self-

responsible S&T

organization

Development of

S&T enterpri

ses

Goals for S&T development and innovation till 2020

II. ORIENTATION FOR S&T DEVELOPMENT

III. PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS

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Renovate

organization,

management

mechanism, S&T

activities

operation

Enhance S&T

potentials

Develop S&T, applications of

S&T results in S&T services

Continue implementing

solutions specified in the Strategy for

S&T development in the 2011-2020 period

III. CÁC GIẢI PHÁP THỰC HIỆN

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Renovate organization, management mechanism, S&T activities operation

Encourage the establishment of R&D organizations within enterprises; develop

technology-based enterprises using know-how from universities, research institutions.

Implement policies that encourage domestic and international patent applications and

GPHI; increase the number of applicants from universities, research institutions

Innovate the management of S&T projects, financial mechanism for S&T projects at

ministries/sectors/localities.

Employ talented S&T personnel to release their full potential and creativity.

Develop a simplification-oriented S&T management system, focusing on building

strategy, mechanism, policies; enhance multi-sectoral/regional collaboration capacity

with proper assignments for appropriate levels; reduce functions that have not yet

been in operation.

Develop a cooperation mechanism for joint research and technology innovation,

human resource development between universities, colleges and research institution

Adjust policies on the development of S&T foundations at ministries, sectors,

localities and enterprises;

Change public S&T organizations to self-control and self-responsible ones.

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Enhance S&T potentials

Invest in key S&T organizations; associate S&T organizations of the same

characteristics, fields of sciences or intersector; develop young researcher

groups at universities, research institutions

Enhance capacity and efficiency of high-tech parks, high-tech applied

agricultural zones, national key laboratories, technology incubation centers, S&T

start-up incubation centers, information and S&T application centers

Develop a system of technology transfer service organizations, especially at

universities, research institutions


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Develop S&T, applications of S&T results in S&T services

Enhance forecast research in development trend, industrial revolution, S&T that

impacts Vietnam’s development; recommend new economic growth model. Develop S&T areas that are the country’s strengths, intersectoral research areas

for sustainable development; forecast impacts from disasters, climate changes;

recommend solutions to reduce, prevent and adapt to such challenges.

Build an overall strategy for development of prioritized technology

Enhance manufacturing and sales of S&T products from universities, research

institutions

Develop different types of S&T services for enterprises, especially for

manufacturing, sales and import-export.

Build a network of supporting organizations offering services in intellectual

property appraisal, valuation, exploitation and development.

Research and develop management model for S&T tasks (avoid coincidence,

implement reasonable number of tasks with efficiency)


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Continue implementing solutions specified in the Strategy for S&T

development in the 2011-2020 period

Policies to encourage enterprises operating in S&T, applications of newly S&T research results

Build a mechanism for State’s order and purchase of S&T research Renovate investment policies for S&T organizations based on efficiency and output Foster socialization of investment in S&T, espcially enterprise investment Policies to attract investment/human resources overseas for S&T activities Policies for S&T personnel development, hiring domestic and international experts

using State budget Policies on the use of state-funded research results; build a system of administrative

and civil courts on intellectual properties. Policies that encourage the association, cooperation in joint research and technology

development between domestic enterprises, universities, research institutes and individuals and foreign partners.

Policies to attract foreign-invested R&D institutes in Vietnam Enhance distribution and exchange of experience in organization and operation of S&T

activities to establish a sharing network.


Thank you

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VIETNAM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OUTLOOK 2016 · Year Total papers published Increased no. of papers...

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