VIETNAM ’ S STAKE IN RIO+20 AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
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Transcript of VIETNAM ’ S STAKE IN RIO+20 AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
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VIETNAM’S STAKE IN RIO+20 AND
THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
VIETNAM’S STAKE IN RIO+20 AND
THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
Rio for People: Strengthening People’s Capacity for Genuine Sustainable Development
Trương Quang HọcCRES, VNU HA NOI, VACNE
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OUTLINE
1: OVERVIEW OF SD IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS
2: ACHIEVEMENTS AND WEAKNESSES
4. NATIONAL STRATEGY ON SD UPTO 2020
- CHALLENGES
- GREEN GROWTH
- IMPROVING INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
- 7 CRITICAL ISSUES
- NATIONAL SD STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION
5. VIETNAM’S LESSONS LEARNED IN SD IMPLEMENTATION
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OVERVIEW OF 20 YEARS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
IMPLEMENTATION
IN VIETNAM
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VIETNAM participated in: Earth Summit on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, 1992 World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, 2002
TWO UN SUMMITS
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VIETNAM - SIGNATORY TO:
1 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
2 Agenda 213 Statement of principles for the Sustainable
Management of Forests4 United Nations Convention on Biological
Diversity5 United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change6. Johannesburg declaration on SD ...
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Commitments to the implementation of sustainable development at national and local levels
and…
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Series of policies issued, creating legal basis for sustainable development implementation
Sustainable development view-points heavily emphasised: “Socio-economic development is closely combined
with the protection and improvement of environmental resources, ensuring a harmony between the artificial environment and the natural one, to maintain biodiversity“
(National 5 year socio-economic development plan 2006-2010)
INSTITUTION: POLICIES
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INSTITUTION: POLICIES
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INSTITUTION: POLICIES
2010: Luật Sử dụng năng lượng tiết kiệm và hiệu quả; Luật Khoáng sản (sửa đổi); Luật Thuế bảo vệ môi trường; Chương trình quốc gia phát triển công nghệ cao đến năm 2020; Quy chế về quản lý, thực hiện chương trình hỗ trợ pháp lý liên ngành dành cho doanh nghiệp giai đoạn 2010- 2014; Quyết định về việc thành lập Ban Chỉ đạo biên soạn xây dựng Chương trình giảm nghèo bền vững thời kỳ 2011 – 2020; Chương trình Mục tiêu Quốc gia về xây dựng nông thôn mới giai đoạn 2010 – 2020; Chương trình Quốc gia "Nâng cao năng suất và chất lượng sản phẩm, hàng hóa của doanh nghiệp Việt Nam đến năm 2020"; Chương trình hỗ trợ pháp lý liên ngành dành cho doanh nghiệp giai đoạn năm 2010-2014; Chương trình rà soát quy hoạch xây dựng nông thôn mới; Chương trình Hành động quốc gia khắc phục hậu quả bom mìn sau chiến tranh giai đoạn 2010-2025.2011: Chương trình Khoa học và công nghệ trọng điểm cấp nhà nước giai đoạn 2011-2015 (Khoa học và công nghệ phục vụ Chương trình Mục tiêu quốc gia ứng phó với biến đổi khí hậu); Chiến lược Quốc gia về biến đổi khí hậu; Chương trình hỗ trợ ứng phó với biến đổi khí hậu (SP-RCC); Thành lập Hội đồng Quốc gia về biến đổi khí hậu.2012: Danh mục các chương trình mục tiêu quốc gia giai đoạn 2012-2015; Chiến lược Phát triển bền vững Việt Nam giai đoạn 2011-2020; Chiến lược tăng trưởng xanh của Việt Nam thời kỳ 2011-2020 và tầm nhìn đến năm 2050 (dự thảo); Chiến lược phát triển và sử dụng công nghệ sạch (dự thảo).
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Policies on: i) Economic developmentii) Social developmentiii) Nature conservation and environment
protectioniv) Hamonisation of three these pillars
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INSTITUTIONS: POLICIES
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Establishing:
The National Council
of SD (2005, 2009)
The SD office (2004)
The Council/ Committee of SD and its SD office in Sectors and locations
Vietnam Business Council
for SD (VBCSD) (2010)
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
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i) "The strategic orientation for sustainable development in Vietnam," (Vietnam Agenda 21) in August 2004.
- This is a framework plan to realize the targets of national sustainable development in the 21st century
i) "The strategic orientation for sustainable development in Vietnam," (Vietnam Agenda 21) in August 2004.
- This is a framework plan to realize the targets of national sustainable development in the 21st century
20 YEAR SD IMPLEMENTATION
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ii) "The strategic orientation for the sustainable development of sectors and locations- Sectors: MARD, MONRE, MOIT, MOC…- Provinces
ii) "The strategic orientation for the sustainable development of sectors and locations- Sectors: MARD, MONRE, MOIT, MOC…- Provinces
20 YEAR SD IMPLEMENTATION
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AGENDA 21 STRUCTURE
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SD Implementation arrangemnets
i) The leading role of the government:
Institutional developemnt
Improve environmental management
Integrate financial resources
Develop M&E system
Raise public awareness
Formulate sectoral & local SD action plans
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INTERGRATING/MAISTREAMING
i) Localising Global Agenda 21 in National conditions
ii) Integrating SD objectives into:
Strategies Plannings Plans Programmes ofsectors, locations to Implement
Harmonisation of : - Economic,
- Social and - Environmental objectives
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Involve the whole society in SD
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“People know, people discuss, people do and pepole monitor”
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INTELLECTUAL & SCIENTIFIC PARTICIPATION
1. Supply scientific foundations for SD decision-making and implementation
2. Consultations, discussions, recommendations to improve SD policies, monitoring SD implementation process:
3. Research & Development (R&D), supplying science-technology services to realising SD objectives in practice,
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VIETNAM ASSOCIATION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE & ENVIRONMENT
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Until August, 2011, the number of member associations and affiliated facilities has been up to 150, including many different localities and fields
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Consultancy and social review in the fields of nature conservation and environmental protection
Scientific research and technology innovation on environmental protection and sustainable development, and practical applications
Development and popularization of the models on Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development
Publication of journals, magazines film production and photo contests on the environment
Education and training on environmental protection & sustainable development
Communications and raising public awareness Review and grant the Prize for the cause of environmental
protection Vietnam Heritage Tree Conservation Event International cooperation on environmental protection
ACTIVITY FIELDS WITH PROMINENT COMPLETED PROJECTS
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NGOs
- Some 4000 NGOs- Activities mainly at
community level, especially in countryside
- Poverty reduction & community
development- Community-based
climate change response; disaster prevention, response & mitigation
- Sanitation and health care…
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Network VNNGOs & CC (SRD)
30 E-Bulletin in the website CCWG and VNGO&CC;
6,500 Newsletters;
Data base on CC projects, experts, documents, references, budgets, training opportunities….
03 training courses for 15 key trainers from NGO/CBOs
19 Training courses for 567 pepole of 50 NGOs and other partners;
5 modules of community based Adaptation to CC;
A set of 5 manuals, guidelines for raising public awareness and adaptation to CC
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TEENAGERS & YOUNG PEOPLE
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Go-Green Summer of
Volunteers 350 (ppm) 26 (degree) Becoming
vice-chairmen in remote communes…
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INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE
Multilateral organizations: WB, ADB, UNDP, IUCN, …; and Bilateral organizations: SIDA (Sweden), DANIDA (Denmark), JICA (Japan), GTZ/GIZ (Germany), Finaid, Holland, US, France… actively support Vietnam in sustainable development Sustainable development contents are closely
integrated into cooperative strategies of all donors/partners/investors
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in the context of climate change
Develop policies and machanisms for promoting international cooperation
Hope to mobilise around US $9.1 billion of assistance from the international community to overcome CC serious challenges.
The country so far has received US $1.28 billion via 21 programs and projects.
Other 11 projects, worth US $1.3 billion, are under negotiation.
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Support Programs on Response to CC in VN
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UN-REDD VIETNAM
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Phase 1: 2009-2012- 4.4 million USD- In Lam Dong province
Phase 2: from 2012- 100 million USD- 6 provinces- Institutional capacity
building for 42 provices
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ACHIEVEMENTS&
WEAKNESSES
ACHIEVEMENTS&
WEAKNESSES
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NATIONAL CONFERENCES ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: First: 12.2004 Second: 5.2006 Third: 1.2011
ACHIEVEMENTS AND WEAKNESS
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The national economy grew fast, expanding 7.85 % per cent annually on average (2000-2008) and 5.78 (2011). In 2011, Vietnam's per capita gross domestic product (GDP) fetched $1,300, and the economic structure shifted in a positive direction.
1. ECONOMIC PILLAR
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However, the achievements are not commensurate with the nation's potential and the economic development is unsustainable. The growth quality, productivity, efficiency and competitiveness of the national economy is low, while macro-economic balances are not stable. Economic growth remains dependent on extensive development factors and slowly shifting into intensive development.
The status of the market economy, the quality of human resources and infrastructure remain hindrances to the country's development
1. ECONOMIC PILLAR
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The nation recorded significant cultural and social achievements in many aspects, particularly poverty reduction, education development, health care, job creation, improved people’s living conditions …
Some cultural and social weaknesses were slowly surmounted,
- Poverty incidence unsustainable
- ...
…
-
2. SOCIAL PILLAR
9.45
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The legal and policy framework has gradually been framed and completed and now supports environmental protection and socio-economic development in Vietnam more effectively.
The awareness of environmental protection among the public and managers has been considerably raised, the levels of environmental pollution, degradation and accidents have been gradually reduced - nature conservation has made a remarkable progress.
These achievements have contributed significantly to improving the living standard of people and to ensuring a sustainable development of the country.
3. ENVIRONMENTAL PILLAR
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However:
The country’s environmental quality continues to degrade in many places, especially in urban areas, coastal zones, river basins and craft villages
Public awareness and administrative system capacity is still low
Shortcomings in law enforcement and policy implementation…
3. ENVIRONMENTAL PILLAR
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1991: International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
1993: Member of IUCN 1994: Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species,CITES; Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer; Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer; United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC; CBD.
1995: Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movement of Hazardous Waste and their Disposal.
1998: United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification , UNCCD, Kyoto Protokol
1999: International Declaration on Cleaner Production 2000: Millennium Development Goals; Population strategy. 2002: Johannesburg declaration on Sustainable development 2006: WTO
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INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS
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INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS
Việt Nam has accurately and successfully implemented these commitments:- Appointing focal points (appropriate ministries) for implementation arrangement;- Promulgating: policies, action plans, target programme to implement
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INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS
MDGs2/3 of the way to achieving the MDGs- Reducing poverty:
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9,45
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-Malaria: decreased by 83% (during 15 years)
INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS
MDGs
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SECTORAL & LOCAL AGENDA 21
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Sectors and localities (provinces and cities) have formulated and implement their own Agenda 21 to confirm their activities towards sustainable development in reference to the major directions given in the Socio-economic Development Strategy and the Strategic Orientation Sustainable Development in Vietnam
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FUTURE SD ORIENTATION
How will the lessons translate into action during the next 10 years? Vietnam's view of development, which has been shown in its 2011-2020 socio-economic development strategy, is that rapid development
must be linked to sustainability. Rapid development and
sustainable development must go together in socio-economic
development planning and policies.
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1. Economic, energy and food crisis
2. Climate change
3. Degradation of natural resources (water, soil, biodiversity)
4. Environmental pollution:
- The consequences of war (bombs and dioxins)
- From socio-economic development
5. Low-effectiveness and wasteful production and consumption
3.1. Challenges for future SD
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KINH TẾ XANH
GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY
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GREEN GROWTH A STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE
ECOMOMIC DEVELOPMENT
GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY
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Strategy objective
The strategy aimed to restructure and change the country's growth model, effectively using natural resources to increase the competitiveness of the economy, create jobs and improve people's living standards, while coping with climate change and contributing to efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
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The Green Growth Strategy in Vietnam is a method of accelerating the process of
economic restructuring towards the more efficient use of natural resources, reducing greenhouse gas emissions through research and the application of modern technologies, developing infrastructure to improve the entire efficiency of the economy, coping with climate change, contributing to poverty reduction, and driving economic growth in a sustainable manner.
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GREEN GROWTH
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The strategy would help Viet Nam reduce energy consumption by three per cent per GDP per year by 2020,
while greenhouse gas emissions would drop by 10-15 per cent compared with 2010.
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GREEN GROWTH
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Three main tasks have been identified: i) Adopting green production by fostering the efficiency of existing industries together with environmental manufacturing; ii) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions while increasing renewable energy use; ii) Changing lifestyles and consumption for sustainable development.
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GREEN GROWTH
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INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Institutional framework for sustainable development (Green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication)
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2. IMPROVING INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
Need for improved institutions:a. SD in future should be the key content of the
long-term development strategy of VN in which green growth is the centre
b. Institutional framework of SD should:- Maintain harmonisation between three pillars: economy, society and environment;
- Be appropriate to the Vietnamese institutional system; - Be consistent with best international practices
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2. IMPROVED INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
Need for improved institutional framework:
c. IF should be long-term, overcoming unsystematic and short-sighted situations
d. Monitoring and evaluation system should be developed and applied in practice
e. The SD council should be continuously strengthened in order to fulfill its important functions and responsibilities
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7 CRITICAL ISSUES
Jobs
Energy
Cities
Food
Water
Oceans
Disasters
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VIETNAM’S LESSONS LEARNED IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
IMPLEMENTATION
VIETNAM’S LESSONS LEARNED IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
IMPLEMENTATION
PART 4
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1. Strong political commitments From the central to the grassroots level, Vietnam is committed to implementing sustainable development objectives, and to achieving the MDGs. It has developed an approach that mainstreams them into national development strategies, plans and programmes.
LESSONS LEARNED
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2. Mobilising the active participation of the wide range of social groupsVietnam has been able to maximise the mobilisation of all social groups in the successful implementation of the sustainable development goals and the MDGs
LESSONS LEARNED
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3. Integrating internal resources with international assistanceMaximising the mobilisation of domestic resources, attracting the participation and active contribution of all social classes, and mobilising and effectively utilising assistance from international organisations, the international community of donors and non-governmental organisations
LESSONS LEARNED
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CONCLUSIONS
i) Vietnam has taken full advantage of opportunities and favourable conditions to overcome difficulties and challenges, especially te negative impacts from the two regional and global financial-economic crises, and has realised impressive achievements. Vietnam last year gained the status of a middle-income country. Many key targets of the 10-year strategy were fulfilled, such as reaching new development levels in production and the consequences of increased production.
ii) The central tasks in the coming years include economic restructuring, growth model renovation, fast and sustainable development.
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CONCLUSIONS
Basic solutions:
i) Continuing to improve institutional and governance systems for SD
ii) Strengthening financial resources for SD;iii) Raising public awareness of SD;iv) Building capacity for SD management and
implementation;V) Raising the role and responsibility, and strengthening the
participation of socio-civil organisations, the business community, and NGOs in SD implementation;
vi) Developing human resources for SD;vii) Strengthening the role and impacts of Science and
Technology;viii) Strengthening International cooperation
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