Vietnam conflict day 3 4
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Transcript of Vietnam conflict day 3 4
Vietnam Vietnam ConflictConflict
Involvement under Involvement under JohnsonJohnson
"I won't "I won't send send American American boys to do boys to do the fighting the fighting for Asian for Asian troops." troops." Didn’t Didn’t want to be want to be 1st pres. to 1st pres. to lose a warlose a war Increased Increased troops to troops to 27,000 in 27,000 in 19641964
Involvement under Involvement under LBJLBJ Believed S. rebellion caused by North NV sending troops into S. through
Ho Chi Minh Trail b/c couldn’t cross 17th parallel Approved Operation Menu –
top secret raids against North =
bomb Trail in Laos & Cambodia
Video – 8 minutesVideo – 8 minutes
Gulf of Tonkin Incident & Resolution
Gulf of Tonkin IncidentAugust 2, 1964USS Maddox attacked NV “ it was spying” LBJ said 2nd attack
occurred 2 days later for no reason… … but never really happened
Led to Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
- war powers to president until…
- EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE - only 2 dissenting votes in Congress
Used G. of T. to Used G. of T. to escalate US escalate US involvementinvolvement
Operation Operation Rolling Rolling
Thunder – Thunder – dropped dropped
bombs on NVbombs on NV
Used more Used more bombs in bombs in
four years than four years than combined total combined total
dropped by dropped by Allied & Allied &
Axis in all WWIIAxis in all WWII
Elephant Grass
Huey
General Westmoreland
Involvement under Involvement under LBJLBJ General
Westmoreland’s policy of Attrition…
Led to Search and Destroy
missions: “clearing &
securing operations”
End of 1965: 80,000 troops
Phuc sustained third-degree burns to half her body and was not expected to live. But thanks to assistance from South Vietnamese photographer Nick Ut, and after surviving a 14-month hospital stay and 17 operations, she became an outspoken peace activist.- Wikipedia
"Napalm is the most terrible pain you can imagine," said Kim Phuc, known from a famous Vietnam War photograph. "Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. Napalm generates temperatures of 800 to 1,200 degrees Celsius."
1972
Used in 1965
Napalm – 2 substances mixed with gasoline to gel
SV attack – NOT US attack
Involvement under Involvement under LBJLBJ 1967 ground
war reached stalemate US increased air raids Resulted in many civilian casualties Led to revulsion in US & abroad (China & SU)
VideoVideo
Tet Offensive
Tet Offensive 1968Tet Offensive 1968
Jan. 31st TET =Vietnamese New
YearVC hit every major SV city
almost simultaneousl
y
First, Khe Sanh was attacked…
Followed by Hue…
Considered longest & bloodiest battle of warOver 3000 civilians killed by VC & NVA US estimates approx. 8000 VC & NVA killed40% of city destroyed in 26 days; 90% homeless
Referred to as the Massacre at Hue
… Took 8 weeks to get all VC &
NVA out…
Saigon captured for 8
hours…
“The United States won the battle, but lost the war for public opinion.”
- mil.citrus.cc.ca.us/.../ HIST155/Briefings.htm
Both sides claimed victory…
DA NANG
HUE
Feb. 1, 1968--during Tet Offensive--Feb. 1, 1968--during Tet Offensive--General Nguyen Ngoc Loan, director of General Nguyen Ngoc Loan, director of SV’s national police force, executed a SV’s national police force, executed a Viet Cong prisoner on streets of Viet Cong prisoner on streets of Saigon.Saigon. http://www.brianripley.com/2004.htmhttp://www.brianripley.com/2004.htm
After Tet, Westmorela
nd reassured America: “Victory
was near”
Start of 1969: 543,000
America divided: been told this since 1955
Then, they learned of the My Lai Massacre…
My Lai MassacreMy Lai Massacre March 16, 1968
In the Son My District (known VC area)10-14,000 ppl
Charlie Company (150 ppl) under Capt. Medina
Lt. William Calley (50 ppl)
Lost 50 ppl in 2 mos. up to massacre
Search and destroy ordered in My Lai
2 objectives: revenge & body count
Lt. William Calley
Hugh Thompson
W/ him: Lawrence Colburn, Glenn Andreotta, and Ron Ridenhour
Found: 3 rifles, 10 hand grenades
Reading from Hugh Thompson
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fortunecity.com/tinpan/parton/2/mylai2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.fortunecity.com/tinpan/parton/2/mylai2.html&h=200&w=298&sz=11&tbnid=9FsMln1f1uZQdM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&hl=en&start=10&prev=/images%3Fq%3DLt%2BCalley%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D
CALLEY 1969 court martialed 109 counts of murder Guilty of 33 Dishonorable discharge Life in prison Reduced to 20 years Pardoned in 1974
WELCOME to the
Mandatory Draft
December 1, 1969
Males born btwn 1/1/44 and 12/31/50 366 capsules pulled from glass jar & assigned anRSN beginning with number 1 radio, TV, film low number = greater chance of being drafted
Selective Service System History and Records.htm
Affected 18 – 26
year olds
Draft ExemptionsAnd Deferments1. Student Deferment
But if you drop out, expelled or fail out…
2. Hardship Deferment3. Health Deferment4. Occupational Deferment
Ministers, Teachers, Elected officials, Farmers
5. Conscientious Objectors *Draft Dodgers… Went to Canada, Mexico, Sweden, Am.
“Underground”
The Anti-War Movement Arises