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![Page 1: Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002 Losing the First Draft of History Newspaper Content in a Digital World Victoria McCargar, Los Angeles Times.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e535503460f94b490fe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Losing the First Draftof History
Newspaper Content in a Digital World
Victoria McCargar, Los Angeles Times
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Opening remark
We aredoomed.
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Quote
‘The Nineties are gone.’
— Julio Vera, MLISUCLA Dept. of Library and Information Studies,
NARA/InterPARES researcher
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Quote
‘Information technology is revolutionizing our concept of record keeping in an upheaval as great as the introduction of printing, if not of writing itself.’
– Jeff Rothenberg, RAND Corp.
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Quote
‘Are commercialization and digitizing policies depriving us of access to valuable historic images? Digital files may have only a limited lifespan of a few years before their format is obsolete, their equipment platform unobtainable, or their medium corrupted.’
— Announcement of digital archivingconference in the U.K., April, 2002
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Bit Stream 101
01011100001000101010000000010000
no, no, no, yes, no, yes, no, yes
U 21
1.3125
Rothenberg, 1995
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
‘Irony of modern media’Conway, 2000
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Quote
‘Digital files will last forever or five years, whichever happens first.’
— Jeff Rothenberg, address to New England Library and Information Network (NELINET), Conference on Digital Preservation, June 8, 2000
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Expected lifetimes
Rothenberg, 1995
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Quotes
‘I had no idea.’– Former photo director of large West Cost newspaper
‘I had no idea.’– Los Angeles-based commercial photographer
‘We had no idea.’– Academic librarians at NELINET conference on digital preservation
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Quotes
‘I had no idea.’—Benedictine monk in middle of project to digitize oral histories in MPEG on CD-ROM
‘I had no idea.’—Proud father of a new baby boy who just invested in an expensive digital camera
‘I had no idea.’—Friend planning to scan all her family photos
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Quote
‘One of the reasons people haven’t figured this out yet it that there hasn’t been a sufficiently large loss yet, in financial terms.’
– Anne Gilliland-Swetland, U.S. co-chair InterPARES, assistant professor, UCLA Dept. of Library and Information Studies,
![Page 13: Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002 Losing the First Draft of History Newspaper Content in a Digital World Victoria McCargar, Los Angeles Times.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e535503460f94b490fe/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Challenges I
Organizational culture– Do the right people ‘get it’?– Is the culture keeping pace with technological
change? Techological obsolesence
– Hardware, software, and infrastructure– Encryption
Designing the right metadata schema
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Challenges II
Lack of standards Licensing issues
– The content itself (stories, images, etc.)– Tasini vs. ‘preservation copies’– Copyright may be an even worse
problem than technology Economic issues
– How much will it cost? No one knows Education
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Quote
‘The granddaddy of [all digital records projects] has an announcement on their web site today saying their records were all accidentally deleted by their systems people.’
— Anne Gilliland-Swetland, April 8, 2002
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Research trends I
Emulation: Jeff Rothenberg– Archiving information about the bit
stream along with the information– Program computers to behave like
older machines– Addresses behavior– Still theoretical, questions about
scalability
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Research trends II
More emulation– Once and for all– Fixed functionality– Fixed data– Certainty– Independent of value and use
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Research trends III
Migration (more real world)– Requires periodic intervention– Accounts for evolving functionality– Possible corruption– Uncertainty– Dependent on value and use
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Sidebar
Migration in action
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
The metadata spiral
You’re now migrating more metadata than content.
• Migration 1
• Migration 2
• Migration 3
Original content
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
What do they havein common?
San Diego Supercomputer Center Lt. Col. Oliver North
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
‘Persistent objects’
SDSC loves a challenge ‘Decomposing’
software components and reassembling them
XML strategy It’s only e-mail!
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Research trends IV
OAIS (Open Archival Information System)– NASA, NARA, InterPARES, many others– Deep description of data that aids in
reassembly at the point of query– Addresses issue of complex,
distributed objects; less about behavior
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Critical concepts
It is not possible to preserve an electronic record—you can only preserve the ability to create a new version when you need to
To do this, you need a lot of metadata One file may really be multiple files How carefully you go about this depends
on how willing you are to risk losing images
Cataloging is not dead
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
What it will take
Intensity of warrant or risk (how badly you need or want to do it)
Staff with a lot of clout Mature systems Organizational culture Standards, standards, standards
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Standards
Industry ‘standards’ (PDF, JPEG, EPS) are risky– De facto vs. de jure standards
‘The great thing about standards is that there are so many of them.’
Easier to hack Lowest common denominator
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Quote
‘Standards are never cutting edge, by definition.’
— Anne Gilliland-Swetland
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Hard questions
Who is going to do this? Where and how will we do it? How much will it cost? How do we monitor it year after year?
– Generation after generation? What about copyright? Where are our standards going to come
from?
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
System criteria
Quality of what goes in (content, metadata)
Who puts them in (do they know what they’re doing)
How are images removed and by whom (you can’t keep everything forever)– Choose what to lose
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Quote
‘Now that we’re making all these PDFs of pages, why can’t we stop doing microfilm?’
— Former production superintendent
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
What can we do?
Educate yourself Keep up with trends Keep microfilming Maintain good cataloging and
indexing practices Ask vendors what their strategies are Help get the word out
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Quotes
‘Libraries have to figure out preservation... We’re counting on you to do it.’
— Tim Berners-Lee, MIT, inventor of the World Wide Web,address to NELINET preservation conference
‘[Digital] preservation is a job for libraries.’
– Paul Conway, Yale University
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Victoria McCargar / SLA 2002
Quote
BOK!BOK!
BOK!BOK!
BOK!BOK!
BOK!BOK!
—Chicken Little