VIBRIO CHOLERAE “Diarrhoea is a disease of poverty afflicting malnourished children in crowded and...

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Transcript of VIBRIO CHOLERAE “Diarrhoea is a disease of poverty afflicting malnourished children in crowded and...

Page 1: VIBRIO CHOLERAE “Diarrhoea is a disease of poverty afflicting malnourished children in crowded and contaminated environments” (UNICEF Staff Working.
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VIBRIO CHOLERAE

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“Diarrhoea is a disease of poverty afflicting malnourished children in crowded and contaminated environments” (UNICEF Staff Working Papers)

low family income

low maternal education

malnutrition / low birth weight

lack of safe water

lack of adequate sanitation

Bangladesh, 2000

Courtesy ICDDR,B

Diarrhoea globally accounts for 15-30% of under-five deaths in childhood.

WHO estimates 1.3 billion episodes and 3 million deaths annually for children under 5.Mortality has been falling in the last 20-30 years but there has be NO decline in incidence.

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Important change in the epidemiology of diarrhoea has been the re-emergence of cholera on a pan-global scale

The pathogen, Vibrio cholerae, inhabits aquatic environments (brackish water and estuaries) (Colwell et al. 1981)

Climate variability (ENSO)?

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A mechanistic treatment of intrinsic dynamics:

tt

tttt N

SII

1

S

R

Iinfected

recovered (immune)

susceptible

???

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ImmunityCross-immunityEl Tor

Classical

Time

Case

sC

ase

s

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La incidencia de cólera en Bangladesh tiene una variabilidad interanual en periodos de mas de siete años que tiene una fuerte correspondencia con las lluvias y las descargas del río Brahmaputra (relacionados con los monzones) y unos periodos más cortos (menores de siete años) que están relacionados con la variabilidad del Niño y su influencia en la temperatura

Katia Koelle, Xavier Rodo, Mercedes Pascual, Md. Yunus y Golam Mostafa

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Incidencia de cólera, fiebres tifoideas y disentería en Vietnam

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SALMONELOSIS

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Datos combinados de Chequia, Dinamarca, Estonia, Polonia, Holanda, Eslovaquia, España, Suiza y el Reino Unido muestra un incremento del 5–10% de infección por Salmonella para cada ºC de aumento en temperatura semanal media en temperaturas por encima de 5 ºC.

La temperatura influyó en la transmisión de la infección en un 35% de los casos de salmonelosis de Chequia, Inglaterra, Holanda, Polonia, España y Suiza.

El control y vigilancia de la cadena alimentaria son cruciales. La mejora de la legislación sobre almacenamiento y refrigeración pueden ayudar a prevenir la salmonelosis en los casos asociados con cambios climáticos. En algunos países el número de infecciones disminuye, lo que muestra que las políticas sanitarias pueden ser efectivas.

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CIANOBACTERIAS

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Hepatotoxinas: tipicas de paises mediterráneosNeurotoxinas: típicas de países europeos nórdicos

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