TechnologicalBase of the

This brochure provides

information on technical,

application and economic

aspects of some of

the viable technologies

Core 5A, First FloorIndia Habitat CentreLodhi RoadNew Delhi-110 003 INDIAPhone: 91-11-3019367, 4638096, 4636747,Fax: 91-11-3010145E-Mail: bmtpc

SOURCE Application in Building Materialin MT/Yr.

Blastfurnaceslag

Cinder

Coal mine& washerywaste

Coppertailings

Thermal powerstations

Portland pozzolanacement, bncks. lime pozzolana mixture,lightweight aggregate, cellular concrete door shutters, blocks,tiles, kerb stone, controlled low strength flowable slurry, aspartial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete

Production of Portland blast furnace slag cement, supersulfate cement, as an aggregate in concrete, as substitute forsand, light weight concrete. Road Construction.

Manufacturing of lime cinder mortar, production ofconcrete building blocks, production of bricks from blackcotton soil

Manufacture of bricks, tiles, lightweight aggregates, fuelsubstitute in burning of bricks.

For manufacture of stabilized and high strength0 bricks,cellular concrete and masonry cement, Pressed burnt claybricks, blended cement, calcium silicate bricks.

Steel plants

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Thermal powerstations/

railways

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Coal mines

Copper mines

r^3.84

Gypsum Gypsum minesmine rm

1.50 Gypsum building plaster, ready made plaster with lime.

Iron tailing Iron ore mines

*21 10.50 For making stabilized and burnt clay building bricks, highstrength bricks, masonry cement, mortar, concreteKiln dust Cement plants

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Limestone

waste

Limestonequarry

b Lime Sludge Sugar, fertilizercalcium carbidepaper,

acetylene

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PaperWaste

Paper, citygarbage

Phospho-gypsum

Hydrofluoric/phosphoricacid. amm.phosphate

Illustratedoverview ofavailability anduse of industrial, urban andagriculturalwastes in India.

Red mud Aluminiumextraction plant

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2.00 In the cement industry, as a hydraulic binder.

For production of masonry cement and activated limepozzolana mixture.

For the manufacture of Portland cement, masonrycement, sand lime bricks, building lime pozzolanamixture.

For manufacture of pitch fibre pipes, asphaltic corrugatedRoofing sheets, Egg/apple/fruit pack trays, pulp mouldedpackaging materials

For making gypsum plaster, fibrous gypsum boardsand blocks, cement clinker, as a solid retarder and formaking super sulfate cement.

For production of building bricks and tiles, lightweightstructural blocks, roofing sheets and as an additive toconcrete. Paint, Wood substitute, glass ceramic.

n^inc tailings ^inc mines PJ.-'.y M 2.80 For making cellular concrete, sand lime bricks, precast

IjMpai PM blocks, concrete flooring tiles, calcium silicate bricks, as fillerMmaLJAmJI in mortar, plaster and precast concrete products, cement

concrete tiles.

Bagasse Sugarindustries m m

90 For manufacture of insulation boards, wall panels, printingpaper, corrugating medium and other non-permanent paper.

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ITEM SOURCE

Waste glass Glass plant

Waterworks Waterworks

silts. Settingstanks.

Rice husk Rice mills

Banana Banana

leaves/stalk plants

Coconut Coir fibrehusk industry

Application in Building Materialin MT/Yr

In the manufacture of mosaic andglazed tiles and lightweight aggregate, brick making, Glass silicatetiles, blunt sand.For manufacture of structural clayproduct, lightweight bloated clayaggregate, high strength bricks.

As fuel, for manufacturing buildingmaterials and products for production of rice husk binder, fibrousbuilding panels, bricks, acid proofcement

In the manufacture of buildingboards, fire resistance fibre board.

In the manufacture of buildingboards, roofing sheets, insulationboards, building panels, as alightweight aggregate, coir fibrereinforced composite, cement board,geo-textile, rubberised coir

Groundnutshell

Groundnutoil mills K*1 11.00I

In the manufacture of buildingspanels, building blocks, for makingchip boards, roofing sheets, particleboards.

Jute fibre Jute Industry

m14.40 For making chip boards, roofing

sheets, door shutters.

Rice/wheatstraw

Agriculturalfarm

12.00

1

Manufacture of roofing units andwalls panel / boards.

Saw millwaste

Sawmills/wood !ra

2.00 Manufacture of cement bonded woodchips, blocks, boards, particleboards, insulation boards, briquetts

Sisal fibres Sisalplantation

For plastering of walls and formaking roofing sheets, compositeboard with rice husk, cement roofingsheet, roofing tiles, manufacturing ofpaper &pulp

Cotton stalk Cottonplantation *z%\ 1.10 Fibre boards, panel, door shutters,roofing sheets, autoclaved cementcomposite, paper, plastering of walls

6 Walling and flooring tiles, bricks andblocks

Marble dust MarbleIndustry

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From Lab to LandOur research institutions have develolarge number of alternate materialconstruction systems, based on utilisaU.agro-industrial wastes which otherwise causesevere environmental problems.

To improve the awareness about theseinnovative building materials, and to facilitatetheir transfer from lab to land, the BuildingMaterials & Technology Promotion Council(BMTPC) had been set up in 1990 by theGovernment of India as an inter-ministerialapex organisation, under the aegis of theMinistry of Urban Development and PovertyAlleviation. The Council coordinates withvarious institutions involved in R&D, financial& industrial promotion and housing to promoteinnovative technologies, scale up p^/entechnologies, materials & product:facilitate establishment of manufactfWng/production units.

BMTPC's working strategy: Promotion of sound design practices based

on local materials and cost effecative.

innovative technologies.

Promotion of building materials,components, products and systems basedon indigenous raw materials, agro-industrialwastes and cost and energy efficientprocesses.

Quality improvement and cost reductionthrough standardisation and adoption ofmodern information and managementsystems.

Technical, financial, and fiscal policysupportto enhance production & marketability.

Power stationchimneyVarious kindsof buildingmaterials fromflyashFlyashdumped onprime urbanland

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ash:A Problem ofPollutionand Disposal

Sources of Flyash72% of India's power plants are coalbased. These power stations generatenearly 95 million tonnes of flyashannually.

Nature of PollutionFlyash causes severe pollution of airand water, and its disposal gobbles uplarge tracts of land. Well plannedprogrammes for proper management offlyash are therefore being undertakento enhance the use of flyash in various

lications, so that our alreadylously imbalanced environment can

,>rotected.

Recycling of Flyashks, Portland pozzolana cement,

cks, tiles, light weight aggre-gates.door shutters and hollow blocksare produced utilising flyash as raw

terial. Mechanised manufacture ofish lime bricks is a major thrust area.

The twofold aim is to utilise bulkquantities of flyash and help bridge thehuge shortfall of bricks and otherbuilding materials required by theconstantly rising construction activity.

Advantages of flyashbricks: Several load bearing grades.

Savings in mortar, plastering.

Smart looking brickwork.

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ITechnologyfor theManufacture ofFlyash Bricks

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Material handling, storage,transportation equipment:

Material hoppers, vibratory feeders, weighhoppers; silos, screw and belt conveyors;

j brick transfer cars;brick wagons for chargingautoclaves.

Basic process equipment:High speed batch mixer; double shaft mixer,hydraulic brick press with automatic liftingand stocking; Industrial autoclaves of boilergrade steel designed to specified operatingsteam pressure; Industrial steam boiler forcontinuous steam at pressure to theautoclaves.

m Ancillary/auxiliary equipment:

Crane; fork lift, power supply, destination andcontrol station; air compressor; weigh bridgefor trucks; water tube well; piping for air andwater; air conditioners: spares; workshopand control laboratory equipment; electricaland light fittings etc. Diesel generator.

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Hardware fixingsystem for gypsumboard / ceilingpartitionsOffice interiors withphosphogypsumpanels for partitionsand false ceilingsGypsum slottedpanelsSample pieces ofgypsum slotted tilesin various finishesPartition panels inphosphogypsum

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Sources ofPhosphogypsumPhosphogypsum is generated as a byproduct of the phosphoric acid basedfertiliser industry. The interaction of

ind phosphate rock with sulphuricacid produces 10-40% free moisturealong with phosphogypsum. 4 milliontonnes is generated per year in India.Over 12 million tonnes has accumulatedat plant sites.

Nature of PollutionThe fluoride content of phosphogypsumcauses land and water pollution.

Recycling ofPhosphogypsumThis pollutant by-product from thefertiliser industry can be used to makeseveral building materials:

Gypsum plaster, boards, tiles.

As set controller in the manufactureof Portland cement.

Non-shrinking cement, supersulphated/anhydride cement.

As a hydraulic binder

As mineraliser

Simultaneous manufacture ofcement and sulphuric acid

Artificial marble, fibre boards

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technology forManufacturingGypsumWalling Panels

A plant has been set up in India toproduce walling blocks, ceiling tiles andbinder from Phosphogypsum.

The following steps convertphosphogypsum to commerciallygypsum plaster boards:

1. Grinding of calcined gypsum, and itsstorage.

2. Proportioning and mixing of gypsumplaster with water. Set controller andfiller is added to this slurry with asmall quantity of glass fibre asreinforcement;

3. Casting of board with the boardforming machine.

4. Carrying the 'green' board on a beltconveyor until the core sets andedges are stuck.

5. Cutting boards with a rotary knife intolengths of 1m to 6m before the'green' board reaches the end of themachine belt.

6. Drying of boards by passing themthrough a tunnel kiln. Hot-air/steamallow recirculation of air. Natural

drying is possible for smallproduction. Drying is a very sensitiveoperation requiring careful attention.

7. Transferring of dry boards on toportable platform and transportationto the warehouse.

Various kindsofred mudpolymercomposite tilesand corrugatedsheets

Dry Red Mud -

material

Flow diagramof howcompositedoor panelsare made

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How Composite Doors andPanels areMade

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PROCESSING STEPS

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Mbing

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Demouldinf fttrCuring

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Red MudResource forHidingimponenets

rces of Red Mud:During aluminium production, bauxite

is digested with caustic soda, whent of the aluminium passes intoion as aluminate. The muddy redue consists of alumina, iron oxide,

lium oxide and small quantities ofj, calcium oxide and alkali. Indiajrates over 4 million tonnes of thisiroduct annually which is notrwise put to any use.

ture of PollutionRed mud is usually disposed off inponds. During monsoons, the wastemay carry by run-off to surface watercourses and cause ground water

tamination due to leaching.

Recycling of Red Mud' mud can be used for making highlity exposable bricks, tiles,ugated roofing sheets, and as binderseveral useful products includingiposite doors, panels etc.

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Red Mud shutter

Press for makingRFPC sheetsManual applicationof binderTesting apparatusat RRL, BhopalRed mud doorsbeing testedCompnents ofRFPC:red morrum, Jutefibre cloth, lime,rice husk, laddoos,cementitious binderand mixing ofbinder

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Ruilding

BMTPC has produced a composite fromred mud, polymer and natural fibres,called Red Mud Jute Fibre PolymerComposite (RFPC), to replace wood inthe wood based panel products in thebuilding industry. This product uses zeroenergy aided raw materials andconserves energy by room-temperatureprocessing.

Known as Red Mud Jute Fibre PolymerComposite (RFPC). this compositecontains ferric oxide, alumina andtitanium oxide from red-mud, 82.5%cellulose and 11.3% lignin from its jutecomponent (jute is 15% of the totalvolume of the shutter).This newly developed material isparticularly suitable for door shutters,ensuring significant savings in initial aswell as maintenance costs. There is ahuge market for composite doors andpanels, with the potential waiting to betapped both in developing anddeveloped countries.

RFPC can also be used for furniture,flooring and panelling work, electrical switch boxes and insulatingsheets for housing.

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BMTPC, in association with the RegionalResearch Laboratory. Bhopal hasdeveloped a technology for themanufacture of flyash/red mud polymerdoor shutters, panels etc. This technologyhas been licensed to M/s Dual Build Tech

Ltd.. Chennai for large scale commercialproduction of door shutters, panels etc.A pilot plant for the manufacture of flyash/red mud polymer door shutters andpanels has been set up at Pondicherry.

Production CapacityThe pilot plant has a capacity to produce12 to 15 door shutters of standard sizeper day.

labourAt 100% utilisation, labour componentrequirement is 8 skilled and 12 unskilledworkers.

Pilot Resin Manufacturing

In order to produce the specific type andquality of polyester resin required tomanufacture red mud/flyash polymerdoor shutters, panels etc., a pilot plant to

lufacture polyester resin has been setr at the door manufacturing unit itself.

The capacity of this resin plant is 250 Kg(batchsize) per day. The resin so

duced will be used in the pilot plantthe manufacture of red mud/flyash

polymer door shutters. This has helpedreducing costs and improving theility and surface finish of red mud/

lyash polymer door shutters and panels.

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Agro WasteRecycling intoBuildingMaterials

Agro waste as rawmaterialIndia is primarily an agriculturalcountry. In the absence of organiseddata, exact estimates of theagricultural wastes such as bagasse,banana leaves and stalks, saw millwaste, sisal fibre, rice husk, jute stalketc., are not available, but theiravailability in the country is more than500 million tonnes per year.

Recycling Agro WasteBuildin 1 I

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Thebuildingmaterialsindustryis

gainfullyutilisingthesewastesina

widerangeofapplications,manyof

whichcanserveastimbersubstitutes forwood-based

products.Bytheirvery

nature,fibrouswastesalongwith

suitablebindersunderpressureare

eminentlysuitableformakingseveral kindsofinsulationboards,

panelsand

roofingsheets.Theseproductscanbe

strong,lightweightandalsofind

aestheticacceptance.Agro-waste recycled

intoboards, mouldings, doors, panelling

andceiling applications.

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Alternative to theconventionalconstructionmaterials andtechnologies forvarious applications in thebuliding industry

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Compositeiterials

istoncally composite building materials forhousing and building needs were based ontimber, bamboo, jute and a large variety ofvegetable fibres such as reinforced mud-blocks for walls, panels for partitioning androofing. In the modern context a vast varietyof industrially produced composites havecome into existence.

Multitude of metal composites are nowbeing used with a high degree of confidencefor the most intricate structures. Subsequentdevelopments in the discovery of very toughfibres such as glass, carbon, boron andkevlar made it possible to manufacture anduse several high performance compositeswith matrices of synthetic resins such aspolyesters, phenolics and epoxies.

Search for stronger and stiffer fibres andfeasibility to utilise widespread inorganicwastes and by-products have provideddirections to the production and use ofvegetable fibres, such as coir, banana,sunhemp, jute, sisal etc., as quiteinexpensive and effective reinforcing fibres,and hydraulic binders as alternative tocements made of industrial wastes likeflyash. waste limes, by-product gypsum andmine tailings. Technologies have beendeveloped to manufacture buildingcompoenets and products which areenvironment friendly and energy efficient.

These developments have mainly takenplace to meet housing and building

requirements of ever growing worldpopulation, particularly in developing partsof the world.

Urban plasticwaste fromvarious sources

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Recycling ofPlastic Wastefor RuildingProducts

Source of plastic wasteIn the latter half of the 20th century, theuse of plastics has become widespreadin all kinds of products and everydayobjects. Not surprisingly, plasticsconstitute a large part of a city'sgarbage, and are nearly impossible todispose of as plastic waste is notbiodegradable.

Recycling of PlasticsMixed & multilayer plastics containingseveral grades of plastic material canbe made into pallets. Pallets can takethe shape of tile flooring, wastecontainers, planks, profiles, railwaysleepers etc.

Plastic Waste as RinderPlastic that cannot be further recycledcan be used with fillers for processingcomposites, useful for applications likefence posts, park benches, pallets,street furniture, as substitute to timberand concrete products.

Recycled PETUnsaturated polyester resin fromrecycled PET can replace theconventional high cost resin for use inGRP products, polymer concrete/polymer mortar, and industrial floorings.

Temporary hut usingGRP/ compositebuilding productsTesting of GRP/composite doorshuttersTypes of GRP/composite doorshutters

GRP / Composites: An ObuiousChoice for Building ProductsThe indiscriminate use of wood has led toserious environmental and ecological crisisand the rapid reduction of the forest cover.Therefore, there is an urgent and imperativeneed to develop suitable substitutes to wood-based building products. GRP andcomposite materials, with their superiorproperties and lower costs, are the obviouschoice for making building products involumes.

Composites The Wonder MaterialGlass Reinforced Plastics (GRP) andcomposites material are being looked uponnow as the most popular and versatile man-made wonder materials which areincreasingly replacing wood, metals andconcrete in thousands of applications,ranging from aerospace and defence tohousing, construction, transportation,chemical, energy and other engineeringindustries all over the world. It is reportedthat about 40,000 GRP / composite productsare currently in use worldwide for manyapplications.

Technologies Developed for GRP /Composites Building ProductsThe RV-TIFAC Composites Design Centre,Bangalore, has successfully developed anumber of GRP/composite building products- doors, door frames, window shutters andframes, wall/partition panels, staircaserailings, roofing sheets, kitchen cabinets andother household furniture items etc.. at veryreasonable costs.

Hot press formanufacture ofbamboo matcorrugated roofingsheetFull size bamboo-mat corrugatedroofing sheetSamples of bamboo |mat corrugatedroofing sheet with

.uv resistant coating |Sheds constructedwith bamboo matcorrugated roofing

' sheet

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bamboo growing regions, and diBister prone-~s, a technology for manufacture of

tated bamboo mat corrugated roofingheets has been developed at the Indian

Plywood Industries Research and TrainingInstitute. Bangalore in collaboration with theBuilding Materials and Technology PromotionCouncil, New Delhi.

This would be an alternative for existingroofing sheets like corrugated A.C. sheets.G.I. sheets, Aluminium sheets. FRP Red Mudand Ashphaltic sheets.

The sheets possess exceller^physico-

amboo matCorrugated

oofing Sheetecognising the urgent need for anppropriate and cost effect^ roofing

renewable resources requiring loWenergy. Itmay also find use as value added products inthe areas as an aesthetically pleasingmaterial.

These sheets are not only highly water andweather resistant but also resistant to decay,termites and insects.

For production of Bamboo mat CorrugatedRoofing sheets in sizes 1.8x0.9m and1.8x0.75m, a one day- light hydraulic hotpress and commercial model of the presshave been developed.

Alternative to theconventionalconstructionmaterials andtechnologies forvarious applications in thebuliding industry

Flyash sand lime bricks/tiles, red mud bricks, tiles,compressed earth blocks,precast stone faced Mocks,

Red mud tiles, precastconcrete blocks.

Plastic/PVC, MDF boards,gypsum fibre boards, ricehusk boards

Rolledsteel, pressed steel,extruded aluminium,extruded PVC, Precast RCC,Ferrocement, rubber mod,poplar wood.

MCR tiles, red mud hmat corrugated sheets,ferrocement channels,lurtcutar sheas,

Aluminium rolled andextruded sections, gypsumfibre boards, MDF boards.

Particle boards, MDFboards, aluminium, woodand plastic compositi

Red mudjute polymer/lyashpolymer composites, ferrocement, steel, alumMDF board,noari,

-errocement, steel,precast RCC, laminatedwood plastic components. | RCC, ferrocement, MDF,_

oosingnvironment

Friendlyterials

y and large, conventional buildingtechnologies like burnt bricks, steel andcement are high in cost, utilise largeamount of non-renewable naturalresources like energy, minerals, top-soil,forest cover etc. These increasedependence on external materials andmanpower, harm the local economy andare generally polluting in nature.

The materials and technologieschosen for construction must, in additionto functional efficiency, fulfil some ormore of the following criterion, for thecause of sustainability and a betterquality environment:

t endanger bio-reserves and benon-polluting;

be self-sustaining and promote self-reliance.

recycle polluting waste into usablematerials

utilise locally available materials

utilise local skills, manpower andmanagement systems

benefit local economy by beingincome generating

jtilise renewable energy sources be accessible to the people

be low in monetary cost

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Open prefab systems based on anappropriate production level and small,easily to handle elements withrationalised production methods have

ttracted the attention of housing expertss an important option for arresting the

rapidly rising escalation in the costs ofmaterial and labour. Building Centres in

ifferent regions of India have beenistrumental in propagating several oflese prefab systems at the grass-root

artial prefabrication can be usefullymployed for practically every part of awilding - foundations, walling systems,oors and windows, roofing systems,itels and staircase elements. Costs ofroof being one of the major components[the construction outlay in any buildingroject, one of the thrust areas has beenie prefabrication of roofing elements.

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rrocement

ofing Components

chanization productionrrocement roofing channels areduced at manual scale. In this

ject technology development hasbeen limited to finalising designs,

imising production parameters suchmortar proportion, reinforcement,our productivity, etc. Production

methods with various degrees ofmechanisation have been explored.

e analysis has been subjected to.'erent economic scales of operation

wherein investment, operating costs,and the complete production

Dnomics will be different from that ofmual operation. The mechanisation)cess not only enables scaling of

. Jduction from business economicspoint of view but also enhancing qualityassurance considerations.

'vantagesHigher strength to weight ratio thanR.C.C

20% savings on materials and cost

Prefabricated elements and lightstructures

Suitability for precasting

Flexibility in cutting, drilling andjointing

Very appropriate for developingcountries.

Production ofCLC blocks

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Cellular Lightweight Concrete

Cellular Lightweight Conctrete (CLC) hasbeen used in over 40 countries over the past25 years to produce over hundred thousandhouses and apartments, apart from schools,hospitals, industrial and commercial buildings.CLC is an air-cured lightweight concrete withflyash as a major ingredient, that can beproduced at large project sites just like

ional concrete, utilising equipment and-ds normally used for traditional

concreting. It is especially suitable in India forlow-rise loadbearing constructions and forpartitioning work in multistorey blocks.

CLC behaves like conventional concrete. Itages well, increasing in sretngth by 50%between 28 and 90 days after pouring. Itkeeps increasing in strength as long as itdraws humidity from the environment. CLCcan be easily nailed, sawed, drilld or grinded.Curing of CLC takes the same time as normalconcrete. If cast in the morning, demoldingcan be done next morning. Heat, steam orchemical accelerators can be used to speedup curing. Ordinary mortar or plaster, or evenpaint is sufficient for finishing the surface. CLCmay even be pigmented and left exposed.

the use of flyash, CLC blocks are most.mpetetive in price and can be produced at

site, saving transport and multiple handlingcosts. Popular sizes are: 600x200x200mm:500x250x200mm; 500x400x100mm. In view?e use of flyash (33%) in CLC and this being

good substitute of ordinary clay bricks(which use high energy and preciousagricultural topsoil) the Govt, of India hasgiven special import duty concessions forspecialised equipment.

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Doors/Windowsfrom Plantation

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The ban on the use of timber forgovernment construction does not coverthe use of plantation timbers and rubberwood and poplar wood have beenrecognised as sustainable timber specieswhich will be available without any futurescarcity. However, owing to the nature ofplantation timber, processing of the woodis necessary to enable its use in shuttersand other building applications.

Capabilities Ofthe Machine That the machines is capable of

processing both soft woods and hardwoods.

The largest dimension to beprocessed is 110 mm x 100 mm.

The machine is capable of both facefinger jointing as well as butt fingerjointing.

The machines is capable of utilisingboth thermoplastic and thermo settingresin adhesive systems.

The finger jointing line consist of 2machines: THE FINGER SHAPERandTHE PRESS:

The ToolsThere are different types of finger jointingthat is possible. Depending upon thedesign of the finger joints, suitable toolshave to be selected. At the moment, allfinger jointing tools have to be imported.But soon, finger jointing cutters will beavailable inlndia itself. The tools need to

be resharpened periodically for goodresults.

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1 TBRICK PRESSIW1ECHNW.0GY DEVELOP

bmPcKUFKTUREO BY

NALDEHRABUILDING CENTRE

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Flyash Sand-LimeBricks

lectangular faced with sharp corners,solid, compact and uniformly shaped with/without frog, sand lime bricks are free fromvisible cracks, warpage, organic matter,pebbles and nodules of free lime, and havea uniform color. These are high qualitymasonry units that can be used toadvantage in exposed brickwork.

Calcium Silicate Bricks are made of finelyground sand/siliceous rock with clay andsilt content less than 5 percent and classC hydrated lime. Suitable additives can beused to provide early strength and or colour.

Dimensions and Tolerances

190 mm x 90 mm x 90 mm

190 mm x 90 mm x 40 mm

Frog size 100mmx40mm

(10mm to 20mm deep on one of its flat side)

ClassificationSand lime/calcium silicate bricks are of 4classes depending on averagecompressive strength:Class|0esig.

751100150

200

Ave. CompressiveStrength (Kg/cm-)Not less than Less than75 100

100 150150 200

Drying ShrinkageClass Designation Drying Shrinkage

(% ol Wet Length)75 0.06

100 0.06

150 0.04200 0.04

Mechanisedproduction ofsolid/hollowconcrete blocks.

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' Solid/HollowJ Concrete Blocks

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Concrete block making machinedeveloped by Central Building ResearchInstitute (CBRI), Roorkee, can be usedfor production of all types of concreteblocks including solid and hollow blocks(of different shapes and sizes), stoneblocks and large size aggregate blocksby replacing the mould.

Salient Features: Egg laying type portable machine

Casts six blocks in one operation

Capable of casting 1000 blocks ofsize 290 x 190 x 140 mm in one shiftof 8 hrs.

Proper compaction of concrete bypressure vibration technique

Simple technology

Low investment with high return

Crushing strength of blocks 70-100kg/cm2 can be economicallyproduced

Generation of employmentopportunity

Leaner mix 1:4:4:8 can be usedfor production of blocks to achieve

desired strength.

The plant can be convenientlyshifted

Uniform vibrations

Less labour requirement

Industrial wastes like flyash, blastfurnace slag etc. can also be used forproduction of blocks

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Micro-ConcreteRoofing Tiles

li^fflwflri^i^rni^flS^^^KWIWK^^fflthe supply gap in roofing materialsbetween the expensive industryproduced (Corrugated galvanised ironsheets, Reinforced cement concrete,Asbestos Cement Corrugated Sheets.)and traditionally produced materials(Biomass, Country tiles, Slate, Burnt claytiles).A technology for producing MicroConcrete Roofing Tiles have beendeveloped which help in optimisingresources, energy consumption andcosts.

Advantages MCR is cheaper than ACC on steel

and country tiles roofing below spansof 5 mts.

Decentralised production makes itmore energy efficient.

Construction and finishing timereduced

Manageable tile size makes thestructure relatively lighter.

Upto 40% savings in cement, sandand steel, 100% savings inaggregates.

Production under controlledconditions.

I Special tiles are available in 4different types depending on theirfunctionality.

Priced publicationsDIRECTORY OF INDIANBUILDING MATERIALS &PRODUCTS (withinformationon Nepal 8Bhutan) 2000-2001

550pages. Rs. 1000 100

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MANUAL FOR REPAIR ANDRECONSTRUCTION OFHOUSES DAMAGED INEARTHQUAKE of Oct.91 inthe Garhwal Regionof U.P.81 pages, Rs. 150 + 50postage

INSTRUCTION MANUALFOR APPROPRIATEBUILDING SYSTEMS64 pages. Rs. 150 + 50postage

BUILDING WITHCOMPRESSED EARTHBLOCKS28 pages, Rs, 60 25postage

DIRECTORY OFCONSTRUCTIONEQUIPMENT ANDMACHINERYMANUFACTURED IN INDIA450 pages, Rs. 600 50postage- Also available on CD-ROM

' BUILDING MATERIALS ININDIA: 50 YEARS - 560pages, Rs.1500 * 200postage

GUIDELINES FOR DAMAGEASSESSMENT AND POSTEARTHQUAKE ACTION-JABALPURPart 1: Earthen Houses withClayTile Roofing;Part 2: Brick Houses withClayTile Roofing,Part 3: Brick Houses with RCslab or Stone Parti Roofingor with RC frames- Rs. 250 50 postageforeach part

STANDARDS ANDSPECIFICATIONS FOR COST

EFFECTIVE INNOVATIVEBUILDING MATERIALS AND i

TECHNIQUES128 pages, Rs. 200 50 postage

STABILISED MUD BLOCKSAND THEIR USE - GUIDEBOOK

FOR TECHNICIANS ANDCONSTRUCTION WORKERS

(INHINDI)131 pages, Rs 80 +25 postage

HOUSING AND KEY BUILDINGMATERIALS IN INDIA- A LONG

TERM PERSPECTIVE-98pages, Rs. 700 50 postage

ARCHITECTURE OF SAARCNATIONS.

196 pages. Rs. 250 + 50 postage

VULNERABILITY ATLAS OFINDIA (1997)- Earthquake,

Windstorm and Flood HazardMaps and Damage Risk to

Housing, 712 pages, Rs. 3000 200 postage

- State and Union Territories -wise VULNERABILITY ATLASES

- Rs.800 * 50 postage for each

PRECAST BUILDINGCOMPONENTS

28 pages, Rs. 150 +25 postageand packing

GUIDELINES FOR DAMAGEASSESSMENT AND POST

EARTHQUAKE ACTIONPart 2: Repair and Retrofitting

of Buildings in the ChamoliEarthquake Affected Areas;

Part 3:Reconstruction & NewConstruction of Buildings In

Chamoli Earthquake AffectedAreas

- Rs, 250 * 50 postageandpacking for each part

GUIDELINES FOR GUIDELINES FOR IMPROVINGIMPROVING EARTHQUAKE WIND/CYCLONE RESISTANCERESISTANCE OFHOUSING - OF HOUSING - 50 pages. Rs76 pages, Rs. 350 50 350 50 postagepostage

oJSSS

Unpriced publications1. Areas of activity2. An IDNDR International And Regional

Project - Implementation of availableknow-how for the protection of non-engineered housing from NaturalHazards

3. BMTPC helps in commercialisation ofinnovative building materials technologies

4. BMTPC News Letters

5. Build Your Home with EarthquakeProtection

3. Environment Friendly Building Materials & Construction Technologies

7. Guidelines for Cyclone resistanthouses

8. Grah Nirman Mein VisheshSavdhaniyan

9. Investing in Building Materials andConstruction Industry in India

10. Reconstruction of Earthquake Resistant Houses in Garhwal Region -Guidelines in Hindi

11. Retrofitting of Stone Houses inMarathwada Area of Maharashtra

12. Saste Makan: Vibhinn Vikalp AvamSuvidhain - in Hindi

Technology Profiles.-r. Useful tips for House Builders15. Strengthening Technological Base of

the Building Materials IndustryLocal Vegetable Fibres + Industrial &

. Machines developed by BMTPC18. An Introduction to the Vulnerability

Atlas of India

19. Performance Appraisal CertificationScheme

. Catalogue for Machines

MISSION STATEMENT

Develop and operationalise a comprehensive and integrated approach for technology development, transferand investment promotion to encourage application ofenvironment-friendly & energy-efficient innovativematerials manufacturing technologies and construction practices for housing and buildings in urban andrural areas.

OBJECTIVES

1. To promote development, production, standardisa

tion and large-scale application of cost-effective innovative building materials and construction technologies

in housing and building sector.

2. To undertake such activities as required for promoting manufacturing of new waste-based building materials and components through technical support, facilitating fiscal concessions and encouraging entrepreneursto set up production units in different urban and ruralregions.

3. To provide support services to professionals, construction agencies and entrepreneurs in selection, evalu

ation, upscaling, design engineering, skill upgradation ,

marketing and technology transfer. To promote investment and technical cooperation between India and other

countries.

El

THROST AREAS

Improving the policy environment for sustained growth oflow cost building materials, production and availability.

Promotion of production units ofbuilding materials /componentsbased on Flyash, Redmud,Phosphogypsum, agriculturalresidues and other wastes &byproducts.

Modernisation of small scaleand village level building materials production units in ruraland urban areas.

Promoting economy in construction costs.

Formulation of standards for local building materials.

Strengthening industrial exten-

and International agencies.

Upscaling of technologies,know-how acquisition, absorption and dissemination.

Assessing vulnerability and riskin natural disaster prone areas.

Promoting disaster resistantconstruction technologies.

Global technology search andencouraging joint ventures in

tion sector.

BMTPC's Activities

Interact, assist and collaboratewith R&D, standardisation andacademic institutions and industries in India and abroad to ensurecontinuous development and promotion of alternate and cost efficient building materials and construction technologies.Identifyand develop technologiesand building materials based onagricultural and industrial wastesand promote proven technologiesfor rural and urban housing construction.

Sponsor and assist financiallyandin other appropriate ways buildingmaterial industries and related activities in urban and rural areas.

Promote waste utilisation, wood

pilot plants and demonstrationunits/projects.

terns and make recommendationsto Government on matters of equity participation, venture capitalsupport.

Taking note of special needs ofeach region in the areas of building materials and constructiontechnologies, undertake studies

technologies and support furtherresearch and development.Persuade Central & State Government agencies, housing development and construction anenr.ies

and organisations in private andcommunity sectors for applicationof proven cost and energy efficientbuilding materials and construction technologies.

Advise entrepreneurs in technologyselection, prototype development,commercial production and marketing and extend appropriate supportfor development of processes/technologies and procuring equipmentetc.

Identify, evaluate and undertakefeasibility studies on innovative energy-efficient building materials/products and construction systemsfor extension of grass-root levelthrough linkages with public, professionals, voluntary agencies and individuals.

Review the various laws, fiscal provisions and pricing of building materials and advise Government inconsultation with concerned Ministries/Departments on fiscal conces-

and technologies.Promote appropriate institutions in

power development through Build-

tates, Housing Guidance Centresand Artisans/Management TrainingCentres.

Act as clearing house of technology transfer from lab to land,through production and application

veloped, under development in India and abroad.

Develop and promote disaster resistant construction technologies for

prone areas.

Promote new technologies throughPerformance Appraisal Certification Scheme and validation of newtechnologies and building materials.

An effectivetool fortransfer of newinnovativetechnologiesto field

for furtherdetails contactBMTPC

bmJpc

ObjectiveTo encourage and support introduction of innovations inthe building industry through systematic technicalinvestigations, testing, independent appraisal, assessmentand evaluation of building materials, products, componentsand systems for applications based on performance.

PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL CERTIFICATION PROCESS

INPUT

PreliminaryApplication(S)

.>any Profit,.ct Profile

Expertise in Use Quality Assurance Social Benefits Environmental

Concerns Energy Concerns Conservation

User concerns

Employmentgeneration

Skill Development

PROCESS

Enquiry/Requestfor Appraisal

1Suitability onsubject for PACAssessment by

LAU/TAC

OUTCOME

Exchangeof Letters

CloseApplication

TAC - Technical Assessment Committee; BRA - Building Regulating Authority

Source of AuthorityThe Ministry of Urban DevPoverty Alleviation, Governm.under the Gazette notification5/99-H-ll in the Gazette of lidated 4m December 1999, has aithe Building Materials and TecPromotion Council to issue Perfr.Appraisal Certificates (PACindependent opinion of the fitintended use of new buildinp rrcomponents, products.construction systems and as:yet covered by the Indian Stai PACS is not mandatory but a '

Scheme for manufacturers andof materials, components. :interested in exploring wpotential.

BMTPC BOARD OF AGREEMbeen constituted for mana