VETERINARY PRODUCTSPrepared by-

Miss. Aman Ikhankar

S.M.B.T. College Of PharmacyNashik

VETERINARY

PRODUCTS

VETERINARY PRODUCTS

History of Veterinary

Word veterinary is derive from the Latin word Veterinae meaning working animals.The first veterinarian was Thomas Browne. Claude Bourgelate established the first veterinary college founded in Lyon, France in 1762.

What are Veterinary medicine...????Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in non- human animals.

Who is Veterinarian….????Veterinarian is also called as Vet, Veterinary Physician or Veterinary Surgeon.

“Veterinarian is a professional who practices

veterinary medicine by treating diseases, disorder,

and injury in animal.”

Veterinary dosage form….Just like the humans, animals also require the medicine to cure the physical or the mental disability .There are various routes through which the drug or dosage form are administered. Veterinary dosage forms are essentially pharmaceutical drugs product in the form in which they are marketed for use typically involve a mixture of active drug and non-drug component (excipients).

Types of dosage form….Tablets and BolusesCapsulesFeed AdditivesDrinking Water MedicationParenteral Dosage formsOral Pastes and GelDrenches and Tubing ProductsTopical Dosage FormsOver the Counter Dosage Forms

Tablet and Boluses…Solid dosage form like compressed tablet is most common in case of humans. They are less popular in animals because administration is uncertain.

Why the administration is uncertain….???

Continued…“It is uncertain because one cannot be sure

the tablet is swallowed, spit out, or drop from mouth after administration.”

Typically the tablet are chewed by the animals and due to undesirable taste of certain drug the animals can spit out that tablet from the mouth, this will result in loss of dosage form. To avoid this the flavoring agents, sweeteners pan be added to the formulation.

Continued…Drugs are given on the basis of body weight of the animal or body surface area of animal. Example- 15g of drug for each 150 kg body weight75g of drug for each 750 kg body weight of cow or horses.A special tablet called a “bolus” is commonly used these large dosage. A bolus is nothing more than a very large tablet , which can range from3 to 16 g or more.

Marketed Preparations…

Treat flea infestation in dog and cat

Treat skin and soft tissue infection

Chewable Antihelmintic Tablets

Capsules…A typical gelatin capsules used for humans can be used also in veterinary medicines. Capsules are mainly used for dog and cat. There are some vitamin and mineral supplement capsule formulated for cattle.

Capsules are mainly prepare for treatment of-

Continued…

Nutraceutical Antimicrobial

Vitamin & Mineral

Marketed Preparations…

 Treating dogs with hyperadrenocorticism 

Feed Additives…

Feed additive are preparations used in veterinary medicine to deliver the API via the water or food given to the animals. They may be either solid or liquid and sometimes also called as premix.

Feed additives are mainly of three types

Type A – medicated articles

Type B – medicated feed

Type C – medicated feed

Continued…

Type A – medicated articles

Contain one or more API

Sold to licensed feed mill

Product are diluted with water or food and then consumed

Type B – medicated feed

Contain Type A medicated articles

With this it contain nutrients(not less than 25% of total weight)

Product are diluted with water or food and then consumed

Type C – medicated feed

This contains compressed or molded blocks

It also contains the nutrients

Product are diluted with water or food and then consumed

Drinking Water MedicationDrinking Water Medications are mainly

categorized into two classes

Dry Powder

Concentrated Solution

Dry powder reconstituted into liquid concentrate and then mix into drinking water.

Dispensed directly into drinking water in medicinal proportion.

Marketed Preparations…

Inhibits odor causing bacteria

Parenteral Dosage Forms…

Parenteral Dosage Form and Drug Delivery

Injectables

Implants

Intra-mammary infusion

Intra-vaginal Delivery Systems

Injectables…

SolutionMixture of two or more component to form a single homogenous phase

Suspension Insoluble solid particles dispersed in liquid medium

EmulsionHeterogeneous dispersion of two immiscible liquid in another

Dry powderReconstituted as a solution or suspension immediately prior to injection

Continued…

Intra-mammary infusion…Intra mammary infusion product are available for lactating and non-lactating cow. Lactating cow intra mammary infusion should demonstrate fast and even distribution of the drug and a low degree of binding to under tissue. These properties result in lower concentration of drug residue in milk.

Intra-vaginal Delivery Systems…Intra-vaginal system includes polyurethane sponges containing synthetic progestin; silicon based insert containing naturally occurring hormone progesterone. Electronically controlled inserts capable of delivering multi drug at a predefined time, either pulsed or continuous fashion and a biodegradable insert called PCL intra-vaginal insert.

Polyurethane sponge containing

progestin

Implants…The majority of implants used in veterinary medicines are compressed tablet or dispersed matrix system in which the drug is uniformly dispersed in non-degradable polymer.

Oral Pastes and Gel…Pastes and gels are semi-solid masses that can be administered from a flexible tube, syringe, package or other specialized dosing devices.

Three types of vehicles are used to formulate a paste or gel.

Aqueous base

Oil base

Organic base

Oil BaseOil base consist of vegetable oil thickened with agents such as aluminum monosterate, colloidal silica and xanthan gum. Lubricant property make the formulation less adhesive then water base.

Organic baseGlycerin, Propylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol with corboxyvinyl polymer provide the organic base.

Aqueous BaseAn aqueous base is less expensive vehicle and less toxic. A solution of drug in water or water and co solvent is made. Glycerin, glycols, natural and synthetic gums increases the viscosity, cohesiveness, plasticity. Water separation is the most common problem with aqueous base to overcome this the absorbing material like ,microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide, starch etc can be added.

Marketed Preparations…

Used for the treatment of gastric ulcers

Skin diseases

Drenches and Tubing Products…Administration of the drug to animal by pouring the liquid medication down an animal’s throat is called “Drenching”. Drenches are dispensed via the syringe or drenching gum .

Anti parasite medication

Ivermectin Drench

Horses are administered certain medication by running the lubricated tube up through the nostrils and down into the stomach. A funnel is attached to the tube is held above the horse head and the liquid medication is poured down the tube. This is called “tubing”.

Tubing Products…

Topical Dosage Forms…

Pore on Application

Dust Bags Dips

Pore – on / spot - on ApplicationThese products are generally used against ectoparasites. They act as neurotoxins. In cattle the spot-on are mainly used to control of grabs and lice. Hence they have broad-spectrum antihelmintic activity. These formulations contain organophosphorous insecticides or antihelmintic dissolved in organic solvent.

Dust BagsCattles are treated with insecticides powder through use of device called dust bag Dosing is accomplished by the animal brushing against the bag. The bag has inner porous storage bag containing the insecticide dust formulation.

DipsDips are use for controlling the ectoparasites in economic animals. Dip formulation contains the drug diluted in a large bath. This bath must be long, wide, and deep enough to deep the animal.

Center for Veterinary MedicineCVM is a consumer protection organization, fostering public and animal health. CVM’s authority is derived from the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. It is responsible for ensuring that animal drugs and medicated feeds are safe and effective for their intended uses and that food from treated animals is safe for human consumption. CVM monitors the use of marketed products through surveillance and compliance programs.

Animal Drug Product Regulation Process

Animal drug product regulation involve two process

Investigational New Animal Drug(INAD)

New Animal Drug Application(NADA)

Investigational New Animal Drug(INAD)

This involves experimental drugs used for testing in animals. This testing may require drugs be given to animals that produce human food products. It is the FDA’s responsibility to ensure that food products derived from these experimental animals will be safe for human consumption.

New Animal Drug Application(NADA)

NADA review includes the evaluation of data regarding an animal drug’s safety to the target animal, and to humans who might consume products from the treated animal. The review also evaluates effectiveness for claimed purposes. A new animal drug product must be approved under an NADA in order to be legally marketed in the United States.

There are three different types of New Animal Drug Applications (NADAs)

Continued…

NADA

ANADA CNADA

An NADA (New Animal Drug Application) is used to seek approval of a new animal drug, and any subsequent supplemental applications.

NADA

ANADAAn ANADA (Abbreviated NADA) is used to seek approval for a generic new animal drug, which is a copy of an approved new animal drug for which patents or other periods of exclusivity are near expiration. An ANADA is also used for any subsequent supplements to an approved ANADA.

CNADA Applications for CNADA (Conditional NADA) approval apply to new animal drugs intended for Minor Use/Minor Species (MUMS), which allows a drug sponsor to legally market the new animal drug after proving it is safe, but before collecting all the necessary effectiveness data. While collecting the effectiveness data required, if the FDA approves the sponsor’s annual renewal requests, the drug sponsor can keep the product on the market for up to five years.

Conclusion…Animal drug dosage forms have their own requirements and characteristic based on the unique aspect of mammal and avian physiology. Many drug used in veterinary medicine are not used in human medicine and therefore pharmacists may not know their attributes.

Reference…Veterinary Dosage Forms; In Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology; Edited by J. Swarbrick and J. Boylan; Marcel Dekker INC; second edition; vol-3; pp- 2932.

Veterinary Pharmaceutical Dosage Form; In Modern Pharmaceutical; Edited by A.T. Florence and J. Siepmann; Informa Healthcare INC; fifth edition: volume – 189;PP-293

www.fda.gov/aboutfda/centersoffices/officeoffoods/cvm/default.htm.

www.fda.gov/Animal Veterinary

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/centre for veterinary Medicine.

THANK YOU….