Veterinary Parasitology Third Edition

M.A. Taylor BVMS, PhD, MRCVS, DipEVPC, CBiol, MIBiol

R.L. Coop BSc, PhD .

R.L. Wall BSc, MBA, PhD, FRES

~IJ Blackwell ",. Publishing

Foreword to the first edition, xxi Acknowledgements to the first edition, xxii

Contents

Foreword and acknowledgements to the second edition, xxiii Foreword to the third edition, xxiv Preface and acknowledgements to the third edition, xxv

(Contents list continues on pages vi-xx)

Introduction

Unlike previous editions, parasites are now organised under the hosts and organ systems in which they are found. As many parasites have features in common, the first chapter of this book provides a background to the taxonomic classification and common mor­phological features of the many groups of parasites found in domestic animals. More detailed individual descriptions are then provided under the respective host chapters. Throughout the book extensive index­ing and cross-referencing are provided both in the

overview that follows, and at the end of each host chapter. Non-obligate ectoparasites, that may be found on several hosts, are now grouped in a separate chap­ter, Chapter 11: Facultative parasites and arthropod vectors.

Further general chapters are provided on The epi­demiology of parasitic diseases (Chapter 12); Resist­ance to parasitic diseases (Chapter 13); Antiparasitics (Chapter 14); and The laboratory diagnosis of para­sitism (Chapter 15).

1 PARASITE TAXONOMY AND MORPHOLOGY

A. VETERINARY HELMINTHOLOGY

Phylum Class

Nemathelminthes Nematoda

Superfamify Family

Sub-family

Trichostrongyloidea

Genus

Ostertagia Teladorsagia Haemonchus Marshal/agia Mecistocirrus Hyostrongylus Trichostrongylus

Cooperia Nematodirus Dictyocaulus Amidostomum Ol/ulanus Ornithostrongylus Impalaia Graphinema Spiculopteragia

Chapters

1,2,3,8 1,3,8 1,2,3,8 1,3,8 1,2,3,5 1,5 1,2,3,4,5, 7,8,9, 10 1,2,3,8 1,2,3,8 1,2,3,4,8 1,7 1,5,6 1, 10 1,8 8 8

(continued)

Introduction vii

Phylum Class Superfamily Genus Chapters Family

Sub-family

Apteragia 8 Rinadia 8 Camelostrongylus 8 Nematodirella 8 Lamanema 8 Graphidium 9 Obeliscoides 9 Nippostrongylus 9 Nematospiroides 9 Libyostrongylus 10 Epomidiostomum 7

Strongyloidea Strongylus 1,4 Strongylinae Triodontophorus 1,4

Chabertia 1,2,3,8 Oesophagostomum 1,2,3,5,8 Stephanurus 1,2,5 Syngamus 1,2,7, 10 Mammomonogamus 1,2,3,6 Globocephalus 5 Deletrocephalus 10 Paradeletrocephalus 10 Kalicephalus 10 Codiostomum 10 Poteriostomum 4 Craterostomum 4 Oesophagodontus 4 Cyathostoma 4, 10

Cyathostominae Cyathostomum 1,4 Cylicocyclus 1,4 Cylicodontophorus 1,4 Cylicostephanus 1,4

Ancylostomatoidea Ancylostoma 1,6 Uncinaria 1,6 Bunostomum 1,2,3,8 Gaigeria 1,3 Agriostomum 2 Necator 1, 1

Metastrongyloidea Metastrongylus 1,5 Muellerius 1,3,8 Protostrongylus 1,3,8 Cystocaulus 1,3,8 Spiculocaulus 1,3 Neostrongylus 1,3

(continued)

viii Veterinary Parasitology

Phylum Class Superfamily Genus Chapters Family

Sub-family

Oslerus 1,6 Filaroides 1,6 Aelurostrongylus 1,6 Angiostrongylus 1,6,9 Crenosoma 1,6 Anafilaroides 1,6 Vogeloides 6 Gurltia 1 Parelophostrongylus 1,8 Elaphostrongylus 1,8 Varestrongylus 3,8

Rhabditoidea Strongyloides 1,2,3,5, 6,7

Halicephalobus 1,4 Rhabditis 1,4 Rhabdias 10

Ascaridoidea Ascaris 1,5 Toxocara 2,6 Toxascaris 1,6 Parascaris 1,4 Ascaridia 1,7, 10 Heterakis 1, 7, 10 Paraspidodera 9 Sulcascaris 10 Ophidascaris 10 Porrocaecum 7 Polydelphus 10

Anisakidae Anisakis 1 Contracaecum 1,7 Hysterothylacium 1 Pseudoterranova 1 Angusticaecum 1, 10

Oxyuroidea Oxyuris 1,4 Probstmayria 1,4 Skrjabinema 1,2,3,8 Paraspidodera 1,9 Enterobius 1 Aspicularis 9 Passalurus 9 Syphacia 9

'Subuluroidea' Subulura 1,7 Spiruroidea Spirocerca 1,6

Habronema 1,4

(continued)

r

Introduction ix

Phylum Class Superfamily Family

Genus Chapters

Draschia 1,4 Parabronema 1,2,3,8 Thelazia 1,2,4,6,8 Gnathostoma 1,5,6 Gongylonema 1,2,3,5,7,

8 Ascarops 1,5 Physocephalus 1,5 Simondsia 1,5 Physaloptera 1,6 Spirura 1,6,10 Echinuria 1,7 Dispharynx 1,7,10 Tetrameres 1,7,10 Streptocara 1,7 Cheilospirura 1,7 Histiocephalus 1,7 Hartertia 1,7 Oxyspirura 1,7 Odontospirura 10

Filarioidea Parafilaria 1,2,4 Stephanofilaria 1,2 Dirofilaria 1,6 Dipetalonema 1,6,8 Onchocerca 1,2,4,8 Setaria 1,2,4 Elaeophora 1,2,3,4,8 Ornithofilaria 1 Pelecitus 1 Brugia 1 Loa 1 Wuchereria 1 Mansonella 1 Suifilaria 5 Paronchocercaria 10

Trichuroidea Trichuris 1,2,3,5,6, 8,9

Capillaria 1,2,3,6,7, 8,9, 10

Trichinella 1,4,5,6 Trichosomoides 9

Dioctophymatoidea Dioctophyma 1,5,6 Hystrichis 1,7 Eustrongyfides 1,7

Dracunculoidea Dracunculus 1,2 A vioserpens 1,7

Acanthocephala Oligacanthorhynchidae Macracanthorhynchus 1,4,5 Polymorphidae Polymorphus 1,7

Filicollis 1,7

( continued)

x Veterinary Parasitology

Phylum Class Family Genus Chapters Sub-class

Platyhelminthes Trematoda Digenea Fasciolidae Fasciola 1,2,3,4,

5,6,8 Fascioloides 1,2,3,8 Fasciolopsis 1,5

Dicrocoeliidae Dicrocoelium 1,2,3,8 Eurytrema 1,2,3,5,

6,8 Platynosomum 1,6

Paramphistomatidae Paramphistomum 1,2,3,8 Orthocoelium 1,2,3,8

(syn Ceylonocotyle) Cotylophoron 1,2,3 Bothriophoron 1 Gastrodiscus 1,4,5 Homologaster 1,2 Explanatum 1

(syn Gigantocotyle) Pseudodiscus 4

Digenea Troglotrematidae Paragonimus 1,6 Nanophyetus 1,6 Collyriclum 1,7

Cyclocoelidae Typhlocoelum 1,7 Hyptiasmus 1,7

Opisthorchiidae Opisthorchis 1,6 (syn Clonorchis)

Metorchis 1,6 Parametorchis 1,6 Pseudamphistomum 1,6

Schistosomatidae Schistosoma 1,2,3,4, 5,6,8

Bilharziella 1,7 Trichobilharzia 1 Orientobilharzia 1,3 Ornithobilharzia 1 Heterobilharzia 1 Austrobilharzia 1

Diplostomatidae Alaria 1,6 Diplostomum 1

Echinostomatidae Echinostoma 1,6,7, 10 Echinoparyphium 1,7, 10 Hypoderaeum 1,7,10 Echinochasmus 1,6 Euparyphium 1,6

Notocotylidae Notocotylus 1,7 Catatropis 1,7 Cymbiforma 1,2,3

Brachylaemidae Brachylaemus 1,7,10 Skrjabinotrema 1,3

Plagiorchiidae Plagiorchis 1,7 Prosthogonimidae Prosthogonimus 1,7

(continued)

Introduction xi

Phylum Class Family Genus Chapters Sub-class

Heterophyidae Heterophyes 1,6 Metagonimus 1,6 ApQphallus 6 Cryptocotyle 6 Haplorchis 1,6

Strigeidae Apatemon 7 Cotylurus 7 Parastrigea 7

Phylum Class Family Genus Chapters Order

Platyhelminthes Cestoda Cyclophyllidea Taeniidae Taenia 1,2,3,5,6,

(syn Multiceps) 8,9 Echinococcus 1,2,3,4,5,

6,8 Anoplocephalidae Anoplocephala 1,4

Paranoplocephala 1,4 Moniezia 1,2,3,8 Cittotaenia 9

Dilepididae Dipylidium 1,6 Amoebotaenia 1,7 Choanotaenia 1,7 Metroliasthes 1,7

Davaineidae Davainea 1, 7, 10 Raillietina 1,7,10 Cotugnia 1,7 Huttuynia 10

Hymenolepididae Hymenolepis 1,7 Fimbriaria 1,7 Rodentolepis 1,9

Mesocestoididae Mesocestoides 1,6 Thysanosomidae Stilesia 1,2,3,8

Thysanosoma 1,2,3 Thysaniezia 1,2,3,8 Avitellina 1,2,3,8

P~eudophyllidea Diphyllobothriidae Diphyllobothrium .1, 6 Spirometra 1,6

(continued)

xii Veterinary Parasitology

B. VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY

Phylum

Arthropoda

CLASS Order

Sub-order

Insecta Hemiptera

Diptera Nematocera

Brachycera

Cyclorrhapha

Family

Cimicidae Reduviidae

Ceratopogonidae Simuliidae Psychodidae

Culicidae

Tabanidae

Muscidae

Fanniidae Hippoboscidae

Glossinidae Calliphoridae

Sarcophagidae

Oestridae

Genus Chapters

Cimex 1 Triatoma 1, 11 Rhodnius 1, 11 Panstrongylus 1

Culicoides 1, 11 Simulium 1, 11 Phlebotomus 1, 11 Lutzomyia 1, 11 Aedes 1, 11 Anopheles 1, 11 Culex 1, 11 Chrysops 1, 11 Haematopota 1, 11 Tabanus 1, 11 Musca 1, 11 Hydrotaea 1, 11 Stomoxys 1, 11 Haematobia 1, 11 Fannia 1, 11 Hippobosca 1, 11 Melophagus 1,3 Lipoptera 11 Glossina 1, 11 Lucilia 1,2,3, 11 Calliphora 1,3, 11 Protophormia 1,3, 11 Phormia 1,3, 11 Cochliomyia 1, 11

(syn Callitroga) Chrysomya 1, 11 Cordylobia 1, 11 Sarcophaga 11 Wohlfahrtia 1, 11 Hypoderma 1,2,8 Oestrus 1,3,8 Dermatobia 1, 11 Przhevalskiana 1,3

(syn Crivel/ia) Cephenemyia 1,8 Oedemagena 1,8 Gedoelstia 1,3 Cephalopina 1,8

(syn Cephalopsis) Rhinoestrus 1,4 Pharyngomyia 8 Cuterebra 1,9 Gasterophilus 1,4

(continued)

Introduction xiii

Phylum CLASS Order

Family Genus Chapters

Sub-order

Phthiraptera Anoplura Haematopinidae Haematopinus 1,2,4,5

Microthoraciidae Microthoracius 1,8 Linognathidae Linognathus 1,2,3,6

Solenopotes 1,2 Polyplacidae Polyplax 1,9

Amblycera Menoponidae Menacanthus 1,7 Menopon 1,7 Holomenopon 1,7 Ciconiphilus 7 Trinoton 7 Amyrsidea 1,7 Mecanthus 7

Boopidae Heterodoxus 1,6 Gyropidae Gyropus 1,9

Gliricola 1,9 Trimenoponidae Trimenopon

Ischnocera Philopteridae Cuclotogaster 1,7 Lipeurus 1,7 Goniodes 1,7 Goniocotes 1,7 Anaticola 7 Acidoproctus 7 Anatoecus 7 Ornithobius 7 Columbicola 1, 10

Trichodectidae Bovicola 1,2,3,4 (syn Damalinia)

Felicola 1,6 Trichodectes 1,6

Degeeriellidae Lagopoecus 7 Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Ceratophyllus 1, 11

Nosopsyllus 1,9 Pulicidae Ctenocephalides 1, 6, 11

Spilopsyllus 1, 11 Echidnophaga 1, 11 Pulex 1, 11 Xenopsylla 1,9 Archaeopsylla 1, 11 Tunga 1, 11

Leptopsyllidae Leptopsylla 1,9

(continued)

xiv Veterinary Parasitology

Phylum CLASS Family Genus Chapters Sub-class

Sub-order

Arthropoda Arachnida Acari

Ixodida Ixodidae Ixodes 1, 10, 11 (Metastigmata) Dermacentor 1, 11

Rhipicephalus 1, 11 Haemaphysalis 1, 10, 11 Boophilus 1, 11 Amblyomma 1, 10, 11 Hyalomma 1, 10, 11 Aponomma 1, 10

Argasidae Argas 1, 10, 11 Otobius 1, 11 Ornithodoros 1, 10, 11

Sarcoptiformes Sarcoptidae Sarcoptes 1,2,3,4,5, (Astigmata) 6,8

Notoedres 1,6,9 Trixacarus 1,9

Psoroptidae Psoroptes 1,2,3,4,8 Chorioptes 1,2,3,4,8 Otodectes 1,6

Knemidokoptidae Knemidokoptes 1,7 Listeropheridae Mycoptes 1,9 Cytoditidae Cytodites 1, 7, 10 Laminosioptidae Laminosioptes 1,7 Analgidae Megninia 1,7 Atopomelidae Chirodiscoides 1,9 Oermoglyphidae Dermoglyphus 1,7 Freyanidae Freyana 1, 7 Epidermoptidae Epidermoptes 1,7

Microlichus 1, 7 Promyialges 1,7

Pterolichidae Pterolichus 1,7 Sideroferus 1,7

Hypoderidae Hypodectes 1,7 Trombidiformes Demodicidae Demodex 1,2,3,4, (Prostigmata) 5,6,9

Cheyletidae CheyletielJa 1,6 Trombiculidae Neotrombicula 1, 11

Eutrombicula 1, 11 Leptotrombidium 1,9 Neoschongastia 1, 7

Psorergatidae Psorergates 1,2,3,9 Pyemotidae pyemotes 1, 11 Myobidae Myobia 1,9

Radfordia 1,9 Syringophilidae Syringophilus 1, 7 Pterygosomatidae GeckobielJa 1, 10

Pimeliaphilus 1, 10 HirstielJa 1, 10 Ixodiderma 1, 10

(continued)

Introduction xv

Phylum CLASS Sub-class

Family Genus Chapters

Sub-order

Scapothrix 1, 10 Zonurobia 1, 10

Mesostigmata Macronyssidae Ornithonyssus 1,7,9 (Gamesid Mites) Neoliponyssus 10

Ophionyssus 1, 10 Dermanyssidae Dermanyssus 1,7,9

Liponyssoides 1,9 Halarachnidae Pneumonyssus 1,6 Entonyssidae Entonyssus 1, 10

Entophionyssus 1, 10 Mabuyonysus 1, 10

Rhinonyssidae Sternosoma 1,7 Laelapidae Hirstionyssus 1,9

Haemogamasus 1,9 Eulaelaps 1,9 Laelaps 1,9 Androlaelaps 1,9

Arthropoda Pentastomida Linguatulidae Linguatula 1, 10

C. VETERINARY PROTOZOOLOGY

Phylum Order Family Genus Chapters Sub-phylum Sub-order

PROTISTA Sarcomastigophora

Sarcodina Amoebidorida Endamoebidae Entamoeba 1,2,3,4,5, 6,9, 10

Endolimax ,

1 Mastigophora Kinetoplastorida " Trypanosomatidae Leishmania 1,6

Trypanosoma 1,2,3,4,5, 6,7,8,10

Trichomonadorida Trichomonadidae Tritrichomonas 1,2,5,7,9 Trichomonas 1,6,7, 10 Tetratrichomonas 1,2,3,5,6,

7,9 Trichomitus 1,5 Pentatrichomonas 1,6,10 Chilomastix 7, 10 Enteromonas 10 Eutrichomonas 10 Herpatomonas 10 Leptomonas 10 Proteromonas 10

Monocercomonadidae Histomonas 1,7 Monocercomonas 1,2,10

Retortamonadorididae Retortamonas 1,2,3,9

( continued)

xvi Veterinary Parasitology

Phylum Order Family Genus Chapters Sub-phylum Sub-order

Diplomonadorida Diplomonadidae Giardia 1,2,3,4,5, 6,9

Spironucleus 1,7,9, 10 (syn Hexamita)

Caviomonas 1,9 Monocercomonoides 1,9 Protomonas 1,9 Hexamastix 1,9 Chilomitus 1,9

Cochlosomatidae Cochlosoma 1,7 Apicomplexa Eucoccidiorida

Eimeriorina Eimeriidae Eimeria 1,2,3,4,5, 7,8,9, 10

Isospora 1,5,6,8, 10

Cyclospora 1, 10 Tyzzeria 1,7,10 Wenyonella 1,7, 10 Caryospora 1, 10 Hoarella 1, 10 Octosporella 1, 10 pythonella 1, 10 Dorisella 1, 10

Cryptosporidiidae Cryptosporidium 1,2,3,4,5, 6,7,8,9, 10

Sarcocystiidae Besnoitia 1,2,3,6,8, 10

Hammondia 1,6 Sarcocystis 1,2,3,4,5,

6,7,8,9; 10 Neospora 1,2 Frenkelia 1 Toxoplasma 1,2,3,4,5,

6,7, 8, 9, 10 Lankesterellidae Lankesterella 1

Schellakia 1, 10 Atoxoplasmatidae Atoxoplasma 1 Klossiellidae Klossiella 1,4,9, 10 Hepatozoidae Hepatozoon 1,6,9, 10 Haemogregarinidae Haemogregarina 10

Haemosporida Plasmodiidae Haemoproteus 1,7, 10 Hepatocystis 1 Leucocytozoon 1,7, 10 Plasmodium 1,7, 10

Piroplasmorida Babesiidae Babesia 1,2,3,4, 5,6,8

Theileriidae Theileria 1,2,3,4,8 Cytauxzoon 1,6

(continued)

Introduction xvii

Phylum Order Family Genus Chapters Sub-phylum Sub-order

Microspora Microspororida Nosematidae Encephalitozoon 1,6,9 Enterocytozoon idae Enterocytozoon 1

Ciliophora Trichostomatorida Balantidiidae Balantidium 1,5, 10 Pycnotrichidae Buxtonella 2,8 Nyctotheridae Nyctotherus 1, 10

Bigyra Blastocystida Blastocystidae Blastocystis 1 Blastocysta

Ascomycota Pneumocystida Pneumocystidaceae Pneumocystis 1,2

D. RICKETTSIAE

Kingdom Order Family Genus Chapters Sub-family

Monera Rickettsiales Rickettsiaceae Rickettsieae Rickettsia 1,2,3,6,9

Rochalimaea 1 Coxiella 1 Neorickettsia 4

Ehrlichieae Ehrlichia 1,2,3,6 'Cowdria" 1,2,3

Bartonellaceae Bartonella 1 Grahamella 1

Anaplasmataceae Anaplasma 1,2,3,4, 6,8

Aegyptianella 1,7 Eperythrozoon 1,2,3,5 Haemobartonella 1,6

(syn Mycoplasma)

• Genus Cowdria now classified as Ehrlichia.

xviii Veterinary Parasitology

2 Parasites of cattle, 51 Parasites of the pancreas, 339 Endoparasites, 51 Parasites of the circulatory system, 339

Parasites of the digestive system, 51 Parasites of the nervous system, 342 Parasites of the respiratory system, 80 Parasites of the reproductive/urogenital Parasites of the liver, 85 system, 342 Parasites of the pancreas, 91 Parasites of the locomotory system, 343 Parasites of the circulatory system, 91 Parasites of the integument, 347 Parasites of the nervous system, 117 Ectoparasites, 347 Parasites of the reproductive/urogenital Pig parasite checklist, 352

system, 118 Parasites of the locomotory system, 121 6 Parasites of dogs and cats, 356 Parasites of the connective tissue, 126 Endoparasites, 356 Parasites of the integument, 131 Parasites of the digestive system, 356

Ectoparasites, 137 Parasites of the respiratory system, 395 Flies, 137 Parasites of the liver, 403 Lice, 137 Parasites of the circulatory system, 410 Mites, 141 Parasites of the nervous system, 427

Cattle parasite checklist, 146 Parasites of the reproductive/urogenital system, 429

3 Parasites of sheep and goats, 152 Parasites of the locomotory system, 431 Endoparasites, 152 Parasites of the integument, 433

Parasites of the digestive system, 152 Ectoparasites, 436 Parasites of the respiratory system, 192 Lice, 436 Parasites of the liver, 201 Mites, 439 Parasites of the pancreas, 211 Dog parasite checklist, 448 Parasites of the circulatory system, 212 Cat parasite checklist, 454 Parasites of the nervous system, 220 Parasites of the reproductive/urogenital 7 Parasites of ponltry and gamebirds, 459

system, 221 Endoparasites, 459 Parasites of the locomotory system, 224 Parasites of the digestive system, 459 Parasites of the integument, 227 Parasites of the respiratory system, 505

Ectoparasites, 228 Parasites of the liver, 508 Lice, 228 Parasites of the circulatory system, 509 Mites, 231 Parasites of the nervous system, 517 Flies, 238 Parasites of the reproductive/urogenital

Sheep parasite checklist, 247 system, 518 Goat parasite checklist, 253 Parasites of the locomotory system, 520

Parasites of the integument, 520 4 Parasites of horses, 259 Ectoparasites, 522

Endoparasites, 259 Lice, 522 Parasites of the digestive system, 259 Mites, 527 Parasites of the respiratory system, 289 Chicken parasite checklist, 535 Parasites of the liver, 290 Turkey parasite checklist, 540 Parasites of the circulatory system, 291 Duck parasite checklist, 544 Parasites of the nervous system, 299 Goose parasite checklist, 547 Parasites of the reproductive/l.I1'ogenital Pheasant parasite checklist, 550

system, 301 Partridge parasite checklist, 552 Parasites of the locomotory system, 302 Quail parasite checklist, 554 Parasites of the integument, 303 Guinea fowl parasite checklist, 556

Ectoparasites, 306 Horse parasite checklist, 310 8 Parasites of ungnIates, 558

Deer, 558 5 Parasites of pigs, 316 Parasites of the digestive system, 558

Endoparasites,316 Parasites of the respiratory system, 560 Parasites of the digestive system, 316 Parasites of the liver, 563 Parasites of the respiratory system, 337 Parasites of the circulatory system, 565 Parasites of the liver, 338 Parasites of the nervous system, 565

Parasites of the reproductive/urogenital system, 566

Parasites of the locomotory system, 567 Parasites of the connective tissue, 567 Parasites of the integument, 570 Ectoparasites, 570

Camels, 571 Parasites of the digestive system, 571 Parasites of the respiratory system, 576 Parasites of the liver, 578 Parasites of the pancreas, 578 Parasites of the circulatory system, 578 Parasites of the nervous system, 580 Parasites of the locomotory system, 581 Parasites of the connective tissue, 582 Ectoparasites, 582

Llamas, alpacas, guanacos, 584 Parasites of the digestive system, 584 Parasites of the respiratory system, 587 Parasites of the liver, 587 Parasites of the nervous system, 587 Parasites of the reproductive/urogenital

system, 588 Parasites of the locomotory system, 588 Ectoparasites, 588

Deer parasite checklist, 590 Camel parasite checklist, 596 Camelid parasite checklist, 601

9 Parasites of laboratory animals, 604 Rabbits, 604

Parasites of the digestive system, 604 Parasites of the respiratory system, 611 Parasites of the liver, 611 Parasites of the circulatory system, 612 Parasites of the nervous system, 612 Parasites of the reproductive/urogenital

system, 613 Parasites of the locomotory system, 613 Ectoparasites, 613

Guinea pigs, 618 Parasites of the digestive system, 618 Parasites of the respiratory system, 620 Parasites of the liver, 620 Parasites of the circulatory system, 620 Parasites of the nervous system, 620 Parasites of the reproductive/urogenital

system, 620 Parasites of the locomotory system, 620 Parasites of the integument, 620 Ectoparasites, 621

Rats and mice, 624 Parasites of the digestive system, 624 Parasites of the respiratory system, 631 Parasites of the liver, 632 Parasites of the circulatory system, 633 Parasites of the nervous system, 634

Introduction

Parasites of the reproductive/urogenital system, 634

Parasites of the locomotory system, 634 Ectoparasites, 635

Rabbit parasite checklist, 643 Guinea pig parasite checklist, 646 Rat parasite checklist, 648 Mouse parasite checklist, 650

10 Parasites of exotics, 652 Pigeons, 652

Parasites of the digestive system, 652 Parasites of the respiratory system, 656 Parasites of the circulatory system, 657 Parasites of the nervous system, 658 Parasites of the reproductive/urogenital

system, 658 Parasites of the locomotory system, 658 Parasites of the integument, 658 Ectoparasites, 659

Ratites (ostrich, rhea, emu), 661 PaFasites of the digestive system, 661 Parasites of the respiratory system, 664 Parasites of the circulatory system, 664 Parasites of the nervous system, 665 Ectoparasites, 665

Reptiles, 666 Parasites of the digestive system, 666 Parasites of the respiratory system, 670 Parasites of the reproductive/urogenital

system, 670 Parasites of the circulatory system, 670 Ectoparasites, 670

Pigeon parasite checklist, 673 Ratite parasite checklist, 676

11 Facultative ectoparasites and arthropod vectors, 679 TiC;ks,679

Soft ticks (Argasidae), 679 Hard ticks, 685

Mites, 712 Trombiculidae, 712

Insects, 715 Fleas: Siphonaptera, 715 Bugs: Hemiptera, 725 Diptera, 726

12 The epidemiology of parasitic diseases, 764 An increase in the numbers of infective stages, 764

Contamination of the environment, 764 Development and survival of infective

stages, 765 An alteration in host susceptibility, 767

Altered effects of an existing infection, 767

xix

J " I

xx Veterinary Parasitology

Altered susceptibility to the acquisition of new infections, 767

The introduction of susceptible stock, 768 Absence of acquired immunity, 768 Absence of age immunity, 768 Longevity of infective stages, 768 The influence of genetic factors, 768 Strain of parasite, 769

Introduction of infection into a clean environment, 769

Introduction of new stock, 769 The role of effluent, 769 The role of infected vectors, 769

13 Resistance to parasitic diseases, 770 Species resistance, 770 Age resistance, 770 Breed resistance, 770 Acquired immunity to helminth infections, 771

The effect of the immune response, 771 Evasion of the host's immune response, 772 The debit side of the immune response, 773

Acquired immunity to protozoal infections, 773 Acquired immunity to arthropod infections, 774 The future of parasite vaccines, 774

Natural antigens, 774 Hidden antigens, 775

14 Antiparasitics, 776 Introduction, 776 Anthelmintics, 776

Anthelmintics and their mode of action, 776 Properties of anthelmintic compounds, 780 Use of anthelmintics, 781 Methods of administration, 781

Ectoparasiticides (insecticides/acaricides), 781

Ectoparasiticides and their mode of action, 782

Methods of pesticide application and uses, 785 Antiprotozoals, 787

Antiprotozoals and their mode of action, 787 Use of antiprotozoals, 792 Methods of administration, 792

Resistance, 793 Anthelmintic resistance, 793 Pesticide resistance, 794 Antiprotozoal resistance, 795

15 The laboratory diagnosis of parasitism, 798 Helminth infections, 798

Collection of faeces, 798 Methods of examination of faeces, 798 Culture and identification of larvae, 800 Recovery of alimentary nematodes, 800 Key to the identification of gastrointestinal

nematodes of ruminants, 801 Identification of nematode eggs, 803 Third-stage larval identification, 803 Recovery of lungworms, 804 Recovery of trematode and cestode

parasites, 812 Other aids to diagnosis, 812

Ectoparasites, 814 Insects, 814 Ticks and mites, 828 Preservation, 835

Protozoal infections, 836 Examination of faecal samples, 836 Examination of blood and lymph, 836 Examination of skin, 837

References and further reading, 849 Index, 851

r

Note: page numbers in italics refer to figures and those in bold to tables, bl,lt note that figures and tables are only indicated when they are separated from their text references.

abamectin 777-8 abomasum parasites

cattle 54-60 deer 558-9 sheep and goats 153-63

abortion cattle 119-20, 121 sheep and goats 222, 223, 225

Acalypterae 814 Acanthamoeba 668 Acanthocephala 10 Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides see

Dipetalonema dracunculoides Acanthocheilonema grassi see

Dipetalonema grassi Acari (Acarina) 30-8

identification 828-35 see also mites; ticks

acariasis 34 avian 527-34 bovine 141-5 dogs and cats 401, 439-47 guinea pigs 622-4 horse 307-9 pigs 348-51 rabbits 613-16 sheep and goats 231-8 see also mites

acaricides 781-7 cattle 143, 144, 145 dogs and cats 440, 442, 443, 446 impact on host immunity 768 mites 713 poultry and gamebirds 529, 532-3 rabbits 614, 616 rats and mice 635 resistance 794-5 sheep and goats 235,237,238 tick infestations 679, 686 tick vector control 423, 424 see also insecticides

Acariformes 30 acedapsone 789

Index

Acidoproctus spp 527 acriflavine 789 Acuaria hamulosa see Cheilospirura

hamulosa Acuaria spiralis see Dispharynx nasuta Acuaria uncinata see Echinuria uncinata Adeleorina 47 adobe tick see Argas persicus aedeagus 19,21 Aedes spp 753, 755-6, 817 Aegyptianella 50 Aegyptianella mushkovskii 517 Aegyptianella pullorum 516-17, 661, 681 Aelurostrongylus abstrusus 399-400 aerosols 786 African horse sickness 758, 759 African swine fever 683 age

immunity 768 resistance 770

Agriostomum vryburgi 65 air sac mite 507-8, 656-7 Alaria alata 370-1,372 Alaria americana 372 Alaria canis 372 Alaria marcianae 372 Alaria michiganensis 372 Alaria minnesotae 372 albendazole 776-7,791

pigs 327 poultry and gamebirds 518 rabbits 613 sheep and goats 210

aldrin 782 allergies see hypersensitivity reactions Allodapa suctoria see Subulura suctoria allopurinol 408, 790 alpacas 584-9, 601-3

see also camelids alveolar echinococcosis 377-9 amastigotes 41 Amblycera 27,28-9,823 Amblyomma 687, 693-6, 829, 830

heartwater transmission 115, 116-17, 694-5

theileriosis transmission 112, 113 Amblyomma americanum 424, 426,

693-4 Amblyomma astrion 696

Amblyomma cajennense 695 Amblyomma gemma 695 Amblyomma hebraeum 695 Amblyomma lepidum 696 Amblyomma maculatum 433, 695-6 Amblyomma marmorium 696 Amblyomma pomposum 696 Amblyomma sparsum 696 Amblyomma variegatum 694-5 ambulacrum 35 American dog tick see Dermacentor

variabilis amicarbalide 787

cattle 105, 106 horses 296, 297

amidines 787-8 Amidostomum 809 Amidostomum anatinum see

Epomidiostomum anatinum Amidostomum anseris (nodulosum) 465 Amidostomum skrjabini 465 aminoglycoside antibiotics 792 amitraz 783

cattle 143, 145 dogs and cats 436, 446, 447 horses 308

amoebae 668 Amoebotaenia sphenoides (cuneata) 472 amphibians 668 amphipods 463 amphotericin B 408, 792 amprolium 124, 224, 328, 476, 789-90 Amyrsidea perdicis 528 anaemia

babesiosis 104, 105-6 bunostomosis 170 fasciolosis 203 flea infestations 717 haemonchosis 159,160 hookworm infections 366 trypanosomiosis 97,294

Anafilaroides rostratus 399 Analgidae 36 Anaplasma 50, 770 Anaplasma centra le 114-15,220,580,

703 Anaplasma marginale

cattle 113-14 sheep and goats 220

852

Anaplasma marginale (continued) tick vectors 689-90, 696, 697, 698, 703,

710 ungulates 565, 580

Anaplasma phagocytophilum 115, 217-18,298-9,420-1,426

Anaplasma platys see Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Anaplasmataceae 50 Anaticola spp 527 Anatoecus spp 527 Ancylostoma 2, 8, 808 Ancylostoma braziliense 367-8 Ancylostoma caninum 365-7,770 Ancylostoma ceylanicum 368 Ancylostoma tubaeforme 368 Ancylostomatoidea 2, 8 Androlaelaps 38 Androlaelaps casalis 638 Angiostrongylus cantonensis 631-2 Angiostrongylus costaricensis 633-4 Angiostrongylus mackerrasae 634 Angiostrongylus schmidti 634 Angiostrongylus vasorum 410-11 Anguillula stercoralis see Strongyloides

stercoralis Angusticaecum 666-7,810 annelids, aquatic 430, 431 Anopheles spp 24, 753, 755-6 Anoplasma phagocytophilia see

Anaplasma phagocytophilum Anoplocephala 806 Anoplocephala magna 269-70 Anoplocephala perfoliata 269 Anoplocephalidae 15 Anoplura 27,28 anterior station development,

trypanosomes 42 anthelminthics 776-81

administration methods 781 camels 571 cattle 57, 83, 88, 89, 90, 92, 156 chemical groups/modes of action

776-80 impact on host immunity 768 properties 780-1 prophylactic use 781

cattle 58, 84, 88 dogs 363, 367 horses 273 liver flukes 89, 207 sheep and goats 156-7

rabbits 604 resistance 155, 156, 793-4 sheep and goats 156, 206 therapeutic use 781

antibacterials 791-2 antibodies, serum 836 antigenic variation 98, 773 antimonials, pentavalent 408, 787 antimony potassium tartrate 787 antiparasitics 776-97 antiprotozoals 787-93

administration methods 792-3 chemical groups/mode of action

787-92 resistance 795-7

Index

ants 209, 471 Aonchotheca caudinfiata see Capillaria

caudinfiata Aonchotheca putorii see Capillaria

putorii Apatemon gracilis 474 Apicomplexa 41, 44-8 apodemes 17 ApophaZZus donicum 372 Apophallus muhlingi 372 aprinocid 790 Apteragia quadrispiculata 559 Arachnida 16, 30-8

identification 828-35 see also mites; ticks

arbovirus vectors 756,757, 758 Archaeopsylla erinacei 720, 827 Arduenna dentata see Ascarops dentata Arduenna strongylina see Ascarops

. strongylina Argas 679-81, 830 Argas persicus 517, 679-81 Argas refiexus 660-1,680,681,830 Argas vespertilonis 34 Argas walkerae 681 Argasidae (soft ticks) 32,34,679-85,829 aromatics, substituted 787-9 arrested larval development (hypobiosis)

6-7, 765 arsenicals 776, 780, 787 arsenilic acid 787 Arthropoda 16-38

acquired immunity 774 classification 16-17 diapause 765 epidemiology 766 identification 814-35 moulting 19 preservation 835 structure and function 17-19 vectors see vectors, arthropod

artificial insemination 120 arylarnides 788 Ascaridia columbae (maculosa) 653-4 Ascaridia dissimilis 468 Ascaridia galli 467-8, 809 Ascaridoidea 2,8,666-7 Ascaris lumbricoides 323 Ascaris suum 320-3, 807 Ascarops dentata 318 Ascarops strongylina 318 Aspicularis tetraptera 629-30, 810 assassin bugs 725-6 Astigmata see Sarcoptiformes Atopomelidae 36 Atoxoplasma 47 Atoxoplasmatidae 47 Australian sheep blowfly see Lucilia

cuprina avermectins

application methods 786 cattle 132, 143 dogs and cats 413 ectoparasites 782, 783 helminth infections 776, 777-8

Avioserpens taiwana (denticulophasma) 520-1

Avitellina centripunctata 68,174,573 Avitellina woodlandi 574

Babesia 40, 48 Babesia annae 418 Babesia argentina see Babesia bovis Babesia bigemina 103, 104-5

tick vectors 697, 698,703, 711 Babesia bovis 103, 105-7, 565, 710

tick vectors 689-90, 697 vaccine 106-7,774

Babesia caballi 295-6, 701, 708, 710 Babesia canis 416-18

canis 416, 417 rossi 416, 417 tick vectors 704, 705, 708 vaccine 418, 774 vogeli 416,417

Babesia cati 419 Babesia divergens 103, 107-8, 689-90 Babesia equi see Theileria equi Babesia felis 418-19 Babesia gibsoni 418,705 Babesia major 103, 108, 703 Babesia motasi 214-15,703,705,710 Babesia ovis 215, 698, 705, 708, 710 Babesia perroncitoi 340, 341 Babesia trautmanni 340,341 Babesiidae 48 babesiosis 48

acquired immunity 773 bovine 103-8, 770 deer 565 dogs and cats 416-19 horses 295-7 human 108, 692 laboratory diagnosis 836, 837 pigs 340-1 sheep and goats 214-15 treatment 787-9 vaccines 105, 106-7, 774

baits, ectoparasite 785 Balantidium 39,49,667,836 Balantidium coli 336-7 Balantidiidae 49 bankrupt worm 60, 165 barber's pole worm 59, 158-61 Bartonella 49 Bartonella henselae 49, 718 Bartonellaceae 49 BaruscapiZZaria obsignata see Capillaria

obsignata baths, insecticide 786 bazaar fly 745 beef 'measles' 121-3 beef tapeworm 121-3 beetles 326, 461, 471, 472, 473

coprophagous 152, 318, 319, 357 flour 625

benzene hexachloride (BHC) 782 benzimidazoles 776-7,791 benzoylphenyJ ureas 784 Besnoitia 47, 670 Besnoitia besnoiti 133, 227, 386, 391 Besnoitia tarandi 570 Bicaulus sagittatus see Varestrongylus

sagittatus

bicho do pe 724-5 Bilharziella polonica 509-10 bilharziosis

bovine 91-4 camels 579 equine 292 pigs 339 sheep and goats 212-13

biliary fever see Theileria equi biotic potential 764 birds, wild, transport of infective stages

769 bithionol 778 biting flies 738-48 black blowfly 244-5 black disease 203 black-legged tick 692 Black Pied cattle 769 black rat flea 640-1 black scour worms 60, 165-6 black soil itch mite 714-15 blackbottles 244-6 blackflies see Simulium spp blackhead 496, 508-9 bladder hairworm 429-30 bladder threadworm 634 Blastocystis 49 'bleeding points' 129, 130, 305 blood, examination 836 blood flukes

avian 509-10 cattle 91-4 horses 292 pigs 339 sheep and goats 212-13

blow flies 26, 730-3 control 239-40, 784 rabbits 617-18 reptiles 672 sheep and goats 240-5

blue-bodied blowfly 243, 732 blue bug see Argas persicus blue cattle tick 696-7 blue ticks 696-8 blue tongue virus (BTV) 758, 759 bluebottles 244,245,731-2 bont-legged ticks 706, 707, 708-9 bont ticks 694-5 Boophilus 687, 696-8, 829, 830

Anaplasma transmission 114 Babesia transmission 104, 106

Boophilus annulatus 696-7 Boophilus calcaratus 697 Boophilus decoloratus 697-8 Boophilus microplus 697

vaccine 774,775 Boopidae 28, 823 Borrelia anserina 529, 661, 681 Borrelia burgdorferi 690, 706 Borrelia crocidurae 682 Borrelia duttoni 683 Borrelia hermsi 682 Borrelia hispanica 682 Borrelia parkeri 683 Borrelia persica 684 Borrelia theileri 697 Borrelia turicatae 684

Index

Bos indicus 768-9,771 Bos taurus 769,771 bot flies (bots) 26-7

camel 576-7 deer 560-1 horse 261-6, 289 human 735-6 rats and mice 641-2

bothria 15 bottle jaw see submandibular oedema Boutonneuse fever see Rickettsia conorii Bovicola 27,825, 826 Bovicola bovis 138 Bovicola caprae 229 Bovicola equi 306 Bovicola forficula 570 Bovicola limbata 229-30 Bovicola longicornis 570 Bovicola maai 570 Bovicola meyeri 570 Bovicola ovis 229 Bovicola tibialis 570 bovine ephemeral fever 758, 759 bovine lungworm 80-4 Brachycera 22,23,24,814,818 Brachylaemidae 13 Brachylaemus commutatus 499,500,655 branching tapeworm 473 breed resistance 768-9,770-1 British dog tick see Ixodes canisuga broad-bellied horse bot 265-6 broad tapeworm 373 bromsalans 778 bronchitis, parasitic 80-4 brotianide 778 brown chicken louse 524 brown dog tick see Rhipicephalus

sanguineus brown ear tick see Hyalomma

excavatum; Rhipicephalus appendiculatus

brown stomach worm 54-8 Brugia spp 9,756,757 buffalo, African 110 buffalo fly 739-40 buffalo gnats see Simulium spp buffalo louse 141 bugs 22, 725-6 bunamidine 380 Bunostomum

faecal egg counts 804 identification 801, 802, 811

Bunostomum phlebotomum 64-5 Bunostomum trigonocephalum 170, 560,

573, 585 Bunya fever 705 buparvaquone 789 burning, cattle pastures 686 burrowing fleas 30 bush fly 745 bush ticks 693, 705 butocarb 783 Buxtonella 49 Buxtonella sulcata 79-80, 576

caddis flies 298 caecal coccidiosis, avian 500-2

caecal flukes, avian 499-500 caecal worm 496 Calabar swellings 9 Calliphora 243-4, 734, 821, 822 Calliphora albifrontalis 243-4, 732 Calliphora augur 243, 732 Calliphora australis see Calliphora

albifrontalis

853

Calliphora dubia see Calliphora nociva Calliphora erythrocephala see Calliphora

vicina Calliphora laemica see Calliphora stygia Calliphora nociva 244, 732 Calliphora stygia 244, 732-3 Calliphora vicina 21,244,731-2,815,

820 Calliphora vomitoria 244,245,731,732 Calliphoridae 24, 26, 726

identification 816, 818, 821, 822-3 Callitroga (Cochliomyia) hominivorax

727-8 Callitroga (Cochliomyia) macellaria 727,

728 Callodium hepatica see Capillaria

hepatica Calypterae 814, 815, 821 camel fly 582-3,748 camel nasal bot fly 576-7 camel stomach worm 571 camel tick 583-4, 707 camelids 584-9

ectoparasites 588-9, 603 parasite checklist 601-3

Camelostrongylus mentulatus 571-2, 584

camels 571-84 ectoparasites 582-4, 599-600 parasite checklist 596-600

Campylochirus caviae see Chirodiscoides caviae

Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum 427

Candidatus Mycoplasma haemosuis see Eperythrozoon suis

Candidatus Mycoplasma ovis see Eperythrozoon ovis

Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis 427 Candidatus Mycoplasma wenyonii 117 canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis 115,

217-18,420-1,424-5 canine heartworm see Dirofilaria immitis canine monocytic ehrlichiosis 421-4 canker 460-1, 652-3 Cape brown tick 710 Capillaria 2, 9

identification 805, 808, 809, 810 infecting humans 404 reptiles 667

Capillaria aerophila 395-6, 404 Capillaria anatis 497-8, 655 Capillaria annulata 459-60, 498 Capillaria anseris see Capillaria anatis Capillaria bovis (brevipes) 66-7, 560 Capillaria brevicollis see Capillaria anatis Capillaria bursata 469 Capillaria caudinflata 468-9, 654 Capillaria collaris see Capillaria anatis

854

Capillaria columbae see Capillaria obsignata

Capillaria contorta 461-2, 498 Capillaria hepatica 403-4, 611, 632 Capillaria longipes 172-3 Capillaria mergi see Capillaria anatis Capillaria obsignata 469, 654 Capillaria perforans 498 Capillaria phasianina 498 Capillaria philippinensis 404 Capillaria plica 429-30 Capillaria putorii 361 Capillaria uropapillata 498 Capreocaulus capreoli see Varestrongylus

capreoli carbamates 783 carbanolate 783 carbaryl 783 carnidazole 653, 791 Caryospora 46, 668 castor bean tick see Ixodes ricinus cat biting louse 436-7 cat flea see Ctenocephalides felis cat liver fluke 405-6 cat lungworm 399-400 Catatropis verrucosa 499, 500 caterpillar 21 cats 356-447

ectoparasites 436-47, 458 endoparasites 356-436 helminth eggs 808 parasite checklist 454-7 pesticide application methods 786-7 sarcocystosis transmission 124, 125,

226,346 toxoplasmosis transmission 126,

221-2,223,345,520 cattle 51-151

alternate grazing with sheep 58, 157-8 breed resistance 768-9,770-1 ectoparasites 137-45, 150-1 endoparasites 51-137 faecal egg counts 804 identification of Eimeria oocysts 838,

839 immunity to disease 772 parasite checklist 146-9 pesticide application methods 785-6

cattle bankrupt worm 62 cattle chewing louse 138 cattle eyeworm 117-18,581 cattle grub

common 136-7 northern 136

cattle itch mite 142-3 cayenne tick 695 Cephalopina titillator 576-7 Cephalopsis titillator 576-7 Cephenemyia trompe 560-1 Cephenomyia auribarbis 561 Cephenomyia jellisoni 561 Cephenomyia stimulator 561 Ceratophyllidae 30 Ceratophyllus 30, 827, 827 Ceratophyllus columbae 660 Ceratophyllus gallinae 723-4 Ceratopogonidae 23-4, 757, 816

Index

cercariae 11 Cercomonas gallinae see Trichomonas

gallinae Cercomonas hominis see

Pentatrichomonas hominis cerebrospinal nematodiosis 566, 587-8 Cestoda (tapeworms) 13-15

acquired immunity 772-3 anthelminthics 776,777,778, 779, 780 camels 573,574 cattle 67-9 deer 564-5 dogs and cats 373-85 egg flotation methods 798 faecal egg counts 799 horses 268-70 poultry and gamebirds 470-3 rabbits 605 rats and mice 625-6 recovery 812 sheep and goats 173-5

Ceylonocotyle streptocoelium 53, 153, 558

Chabertia, identification 801, 803, 811 Chabertia ovina 187-8, 560, 574, 586,

805 Chagas' disease 725 chancre 99,293 Cheilospirura hamulosa 466-7 chelicerae 30, 32, 35 Chelonia 666-72,810 chemotherapy, effect on host

susceptibility 767-8 Cheyletidae 37,832 Cheyletiella 37, 831 Cheyletielia blakei 439-40, 615, 832 Cheyletielia parasitivorax 614-16, 832,

835 Cheyletielia yasguri 440, 615, 832 chicken mite 528~9 chicken tick 679-81 chickens

coccidiosis 475-83, 500-2 drug resistance 795-7 flies and ticks 539 identification of oocysts 847 lice 522-7 parasite checklist 535-8 see also poultry

chigger (flea) 724-5 chigger mites 636,714 chigoe 724-5 Chilomastix 667 Chilomastix gallinarum 504, 505 Chinese liver fluke 404-5 Chirodiscoides caviae 622, 623, 835 Chironomidae 816 chitin 17,784

inhibitors 784-5 synthesis inhibitors 784

chloramphenicol 423 chlordane 782 chlorfenvinphos 782 chlorinated ethanes 782 chloroquine 789 chlortetracycline 792 Choanotaenia 15, 809

Choanotaenia infundibulum 472 Chorioptes bovis

cattle 143-5 identification 832, 834 other hosts 237-8, 309, 583, 589, 616 vs. Psoroptes 234

Chorioptes caprae see Chorioptes bovis Chorioptes cuniculi see Chorioptes bovis Chorioptes equi see Chorioptes bovis Chorioptes ovis see Chorioptes bovis Chrysomya 822 Chrysomya albiceps 731, 818, 819 Chrysomya bezziana 728-30,819, 820,

821 Chrysomya megacephala 730, 821 Chrysomya rufifacies 730, 818 Chrysops 9,24, 749, 750

identification 815, 816 Ciconiphilus spp 527 cilia 39,48 Ciliophora 41, 48-9 Cimicidae 22 Cionella lubrica 209 circulatory system parasites

camels 578-80 cattle 91-117 deer 565 dogs and cats 410-27 guinea pigs 620 horses 291-9 pigeons 657-8 pigs 339-42 poultry and gamebirds 509-17 rabbits 612 rats and mice 633-4 sheep and goats 212-20

Cittotaenia ctenoides 605 Cittotaenia pectinata 605 class 1 class resistance, pesticides 794 classification, principles 1 clazuril 656, 791 clegs 24,750-1 climate change, global 765 clindamycin 433, 792 clioxanide 778 Cloacaridae 37 Clonorchis sinensis see Opisthorchis

sinensis clopidol 789 closantel 206, 778-9, 786 Clostridium novyi 203 Cnemidocoptes see Knemidokoptes coccidiosis 46

acquired immunity 773-4 avian vaccines 477 bovine 69-73, 77-9 chickens 475-83, 500-2 dogs and cats 385-91 drug resistance 795-7 drug treatment 787,788, 789-90,

791-2 ducks and geese 487-9, 519-20 epidemiology 764 equine 270-1 faecal egg counts 799 gamebirds 489-93

goats 181-4, 191 guinea pigs 618 laboratory diagnosis 836 pigeons 655-6 pigs 327-31 rabbits 605-10,611-12 rats and mice 626-7,630-1 reptiles 668 sheep 175-81,189-91 turkeys 484-7,502 winter 78 see also Eimeria, Isospora

Cochliomyia 822 Cochliomyia hominivorax 727-8,820,

821 Cochliomyia macellaria 727, 728, 820,

821 Cochliomyia spp 734 Cochlosoma anatis 505 Cochlosomatidae 44 cockroaches 461, 517 Codiostomum struthionis 663-4 coenurus 14 Coenurus cerebralis 220-1, 374 Coenurus serialis 374, 383, 611 Coenurus skrjabini 374 collars, insecticidal 786-7 Collyriclum faba 521 Colombicola columbae 659 companion animals, pesticide application

methods 786-7 complement fixation text (CFT) 297 conenoses 725-6 connective tissue parasites

camels 582 cattle 126-31 deer 567-70

Contracaecum spiculigerum 468 Cooperia 7

faecal egg counts 804 identification 801, 802, 805, 811, 811

Cooperia curticei 166-7,560 Cooperia mcmasteri see Cooperia

surnabada Cooperia oncophora 60-2, 560, 573 Cooperia pectinata 61, 62, 560 Cooperia punctata 61, 62, 560 Cooperia surnabada 61,62-3,167,573,

585 copepods 132,133,373,473,521 coracidium 15 Cordylobia 818, 822 Cordylobia anthropophaga 733, 735 Cordylobia rodhaini 733-5 corridor fever 109-11 Cotugnia digonopora 471-2 Cotylophoron cotylophorum 53, 153 Cotylurus spp 474 coumaphos 779,782 Cowdria ruminatum see Ehrlichia

ruminatum cowdriosis 115-17,220 Coxiella burnetii ( Q fever) 49, 682, 684,

697,710 Craterostomum 272 Craterostomum acuticaudatum 280 Craterostomum mucronatum 280

Index

Craterostomum tenuicauda 280 Crenosoma vulpis 396-7 Crime an-Congo haemorrhagic fever

virus 708, 709, 710 crop parasites

pigeons 652-4 poultry and gamebirds 461-2

cross-resistance 794, 795 crotoxyphos 782 crufomate 782 crustaceans 632, 653

freshwater 359,400, 463, 474, 475 Cryptocotyle lingua 372 Cryptosporidiidae 47 Cryptosporidium 47, 836 Cryptosporidium andersoni 60 Cryptosporidium baileyi 502-3 Cryptosporidium bovis 74 Cryptosporidium canis 392 Cryptosporidium felis 392 Cryptosporidium hominis 74 Cryptosporidium meleagridis 494 Cryptosporidium muris 60, 627-8 Cryptosporidium parvum

camels 576 cattle 73-4 dogs and cats 391-2 horses 271 pigs 331 sheep and goats 184

Cryptosporidium saurophilum 669-70 Cryptosporidium serpentis 668-9 Cryptosporidium suis 331-2 Cryptosporidium wrairi 618-19 Ctenocephalides canis 617, 719-20, 827,

828 Ctenocephalides felis 426,617,624,

715-19 damarensis 717 felis 715-19 identification 827, 828 orientalis 717 strongylus 717

Cuclotogaster 528, 826 Cuclotogaster heterographus 522-3, 824 cucumber seed tapeworm 373-5 Culex spp 753, 754, 756, 757 Culicidae 24, 753-7, 816

see also mosquitoes Culicoides 9,24,757-9

Haemoproteus transmission 516 identification 816, 817 Leucocytozoon transmission 510, 511 Onchocerca transmission 127,128,304

cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) 363, 367

Cuterebra 641-2, 818 Cuterebrinae 26,27,822 Cyathostoma 8, 806 Cyathostoma (Syngamus) bronchialis

506-7 Cyathostoma variegatum 664 cyathostomins 8, 272-80 Cyathostomum 272, 273-5 Cyathostomum alveatum 274 Cyathostomum catinatum 274 Cyathostomum coronatum 274

Cyathostomum labiatum 274 Cyathostomum labratum 274 Cyathostomum montgomeryi 274 Cyathostomum pateratum 274 Cyathostomum saginatum 274 Cyathostomum tetracanthrum 274 Cyclocoelidae 12 Cyclocoelum arcuatum (Hyptiasmus

tumidus) 507 cyc10dienes 782 Cyclophyllidea 13-15

life cycle 14-15 structure and function 13-14

Cyclops 132, 133, 318, 521 Cyc10rrhapha 22,24-7,814

classification 22, 24 structure and function 23,25,26

Cyclospora 46 Cylicocyclus 272, 275 Cylicocyclus adersi 276 Cylicocyclus auriculatus 276 Cylicocyclus brevicapsulatus 276 Cylicocyclus elongatus 276 Cylicocyclus insigne 276 Cylicocyclus largocapsulatus 276 Cylicocyclus leptostomus 276 Cylicocyclus maturmurai 276 Cylicocyclus nassatus 277 Cylicocyclus radiatus 277 Cylicocyclus triramosus 277 Cylicocyclus ultrajectinus 277 Cylicodontophorus 272, 275 Cylicodontophorus bicoronatus 277 Cylicodontophorus euproctus 277 Cylicodontophorus mettami 277 Cylicostephanus 272, 275-9 Cylicostephanus asymetricus 278 Cylicostephanus bidentatus 278 Cy licostep hanus calicatus 278 Cylicostephanus goldi 278 Cylicostephanus hybridus 278 Cylicostephanus longibursatus 278 Cylicostephanus minutus 278 Cylicostephanus ornatus 279 Cylicostephanus poculatus 279 Cylicostephanus skrjabini 279 Cylicostomum acuticaudatum see

Craterostomum acuticaudatum Cylicostomum mucronatum see

Craterostomum acuticaudatum Cymbiforma indica 69,175 cype=ethrin 782-3, 786, 787 cyromazine 784 cystic fluke 521 cysticercoid 14 cysticercosis

bovine 121-3 camels 581 dogs 428 human 344 ovine 224,381-2 pigs 343-5 sto=s 123, 768, 769

cysticercus 14 Cysticercus bovis 121-3 Cysticercus cameli 381 Cysticercus cellulosae 428

855

~~

/

V. 06

'/ Cysticercus cervi 374, 385, 567 Cysticercus dromedarii 374, 381 Cysticercus fasciolaris 384, 632-3 Cysticercus longicollis 374 Cysticercus ovis 224,374,381-2 Cysticercus pisiformis 374, 382-3 Cysticercus tarandi 374, 385, 567 Cysticercus tenuicollis 90,210-11, 339,

374,379-81 Cysticersus cameli 581 Cysticersus cellulosae see Taenia solium Cysticersus dromedarii 581 Cystocaulus ocreatus 196, 198-9 Cytauxzoon 48 Cytauxzoon cati 419-20 Cytauxzoon (Theileria) taurotragi

112-13 cythioate 782 Cytodidae 36 Cytodites nudus 507-8, 656-7, 832, 834 Cytoditidae 832 Cytoecetes phagocytophilia see

Anaplasma phagocytophilum cytostome 39

Dahlemhornia asymmetrica 665 Dalmeny disease 125 Damalinia bovis see Bovicola bovis Damalinia caprae see Bovicola caprae Damalinia equi see Bovicola equi Damalinia limbata see Bovicola limbata Damalinia ovis see Bovicola ovis dandruff 439,440,615-16 Daphnia 463, 464 dapsone 789 dark-winged horse bot 266 Davainea proglottina 470, 654 Davaineidae 15 DDT and related compounds 782 decoquinate 789 deer 558-71

ectoparasites 570-1, 594-5 parasite checklist 590-5

deer keds 748 deerfiies 24, 750 DEET 785 dehydroemetine 789 Deletrocephalus dimidiatus 663 deltamethrin 782-3, 787 Demodex 37,142,231-2,351,447,832,

834 Demodex ariae see Demodex ovis Demodex bovis 141-2 Demodex caballi 308 Demodex canis 444-7 Demodex caprae 232 Demodex cati 447 Demodex equi 307-8 Demodex gatoi 447 Demodex musculi 638 Demodex ovis 231-2 Demodex phylloides 350-1 Demodex ratticola 638· Demodicidae 37, 832 depluming itch mite 531-2 Deraiophoronema evansi see

Dipetalonema evansi

Index

Dermacentor 687,698-703,829 Dermacentor albipictus 699-700 Dermacentor andersoni 114,425,698-9,

830 Dermacentor marginatus 700-1 Dermacentor nitens 701 Dermacentor nuttallii 702 Dermacentor occidentalis 114,703 Dermacentor pictus see Dermacentor

reticulatus Dermacentor reticulatus 416,417,701-2 Dermacentor silvarum 702 Dermacentor variabilis 699, 700

bovine anaplasmosis transmission 114 Cytauxzoon cati transmission 420 rickettsia transmission in dogs 423,

424,425,426 Dermacentor venustus see Dermacentor

andersoni Dermanyssidae 38, 831 Dermanyssus 38 Dermanyssus gallinae 528-9, 616, 638,

831,833 dermatitis

flea allergy 718 seasonal equine pruritic 758 see also mange

Dermatobia hominis 735-6, 818, 820 Dermoglyphidae 36 Dermoglyphus spp 533 deutonymph 35 dexamethasone 299 diamidines 787-8 diapause 765 diazinon 782 dichlofenthion 782 dichlorophen 380, 779 dichlorvos 779, 780, 782 diclazuril 791 Dicrocoeliidae 12 Dicrocoelium dendriticum 90,208-10,

564,587,805,806 Dicrocoelium hospes 90, 210, 564 Dicrocoelium lanceolatum see

Dicrocoelium dendriticum Dictophyme renale see Dioctophyma

renale Dictyocaulus 7, 766, 804, 813 Dictyocaulus arnfieldi 289-90, 806 Dictyocaulus cameli see Dictyocaulus

viviparus Dictyocaulus eckerti (noerneri) 562 Dictyocaulus filaria 195-7, 577, 587 Dictyocaulus viviparus 768, 772

cattle 80-4 ungulates 561-2, 577 vaccine 83-4, 774

dicyclanil 785 dieldrin 782 diet, host susceptibility and 767 diethylcarbamazine 358, 397, 414, 779 diflubenzuron 784 Digenea 10-13

life cycle 11 structure and function 10-11

digestive system parasites camelids 584-6

camels 571-6 cattle 51-80 deer 558-9, 560, 561 dogs and cats 356-95 guinea pigs 618-20 horses 259-89 pigeons 652-6 pigs 316-37 poultry and gamebirds 459-505 rabbits 604-11 rats and mice 624-31 sheep and goats 152-92

Dilepididae 15 dimetridazole 495, 791 dimidium bromide 790 diminazine (di)aceturate 787-8, 793

camels 579,580 cattle 101, 102, 105, 106 dogs 417, 418 horses 293, 295, 296, 297 pigs 340, 341 sheep and goats 213, 214

dinitolmide 788 Dioctophyma renale 430-1 Dioctophymatoidea 2, 10 dioufar 100,293-4,415-16,579 dip baths 785 Dipetalonema dracunculoides 435 Dipetalonema evansi 578-9 Dipetalonema grassi 434 Dipetalonema reconditum 434, 438, 719 Diphyllobothridae 15 Diphyllobothrium 15 Diphyllobothrium latum 373, 374 Diplomonadidae 44 Diplostomatidae 12 Diptera 22-7,726-63

classification 22, 23 epidemiology 766 identification of adults 814-16, 817 identification of larvae causing myiasis

818-23 life cycle 21 morphology 16

Dipylidium caninum 27, 373-5, 439, 718-19,808

Dirofilaria immitis (canine heartworm) 411-14

identification 412, 434, 435 transmission 411,756, 757 treatment and control 413-14,780

Dirofilaria repens 414, 435 dirofilariosis, cutaneous 435 disophenol i78 Dispharynx nasuta (spiralis) 463-4, 653 Distoma albicum see Metorchis albidus Distoma cucumerinum see Typhlocoelum

cucumerinum ditch fever 297-8 dithiazanine iodide, heartworms 413 Ditrichomonas ovis see Tetratrichomonas

ovis DMP (dimethylphthalate) 785 dog biting louse 438-9 dog flea see Ctenocephalides canis dog fly 748 dog lungworm 397-9

dog sucking louse 438 dog tick see Dermacentor variabilis;

Ixodes canisuga dogs 356-447

Echinococcus granulosus transmission 201,291.

ectoparasites 436-47, 452-3 endoparasites 356-436 helminth eggs 808 parasite checklist 448-51 pesticide application methods 786-7 sarcocystosis transmission 124, 125,

224,225,226,303,346,520 Taenia transmission 210,220,221,224

doramectin 235, 777-8 Dorisiella 46 'dose and move' system, ostertagiosis 58 double-pored tapeworm 373-5 doukane 100,293-4,415-16,579 dourine 301-2,837 doxycycline 792

cats 420 dogs 410, 423 sheep and goats 218

Dracunculoidea 10 Dracunculus medinensis 132-3 dragonfly nymphs 518, 521 Draschia 259 Draschia megastoma 259-60 Drepanidotaenia lanceolatum see

Hymenolepis lanceolata droxycholoquine 789 drug resistance 793-7 ducks

coccidiosis 487-9 gizzard worms 465-7 lice 527 parasite checklist 544-6 see also poultry

dusting powders 786 Dutonella 42 dwarf dog tapeworm 90,200-1,291,

338-9,376-7,564-5 dwarf equine tapeworm 269-70 dwarf fox tapeworm 377-9 dwarf tapeworm 625 dyspnoea

parasitic bronchitis 82 sheep and goats 196, 198

ear canker mite 613-14,624 ear mite 440-2 ear tags, pesticide-impregnated 786, 787 ear ticks 684-5 eardrops, acaricidal 442 earthworms, as intermediate hosts

avian parasites 459,461,472 parasites of cats and dogs 396, 430 parasites of pigs 337-8, 342

east African tick typhus see Rickettsia conorii

east coast fever 109-11, 710, 711 eastern equine encephalitis 758, 759, 761 Eastern golden haired blowfiy 244, 733 ecdysis 19 Echidnophaga gallinacae 617,721-3,

826,827

Index

Echinochasmus perfoliatus 372 Echinococcus 812 Echinococcus granulosus 374,376-7

equinus 291, 376, 377 granulosus 90,200-1,338-9,376-7 ungulates 564-5, 578, 587 vaccine 774

Echinococcus multilocularis 374, 377-9 Echinococcus oligarthus 374, 379 Echinococcus vogeli 374, 379 Echinolaelaps echidninusi 633 Echinoparyphium recurvatum 473-4,

654-5 Echinophthiridae 28 Echinorhynchus polymorphus see

Polymorphus boschadis Echinostoma 809 Echinostoma revolutum 499-500, 655 Echinostomatidae 12 Echinuria 809 Echinuria uncinata 464 ectoparasites

camelids 588-9, 603 camels 582-4, 599-600 cattle 137-45, 150-1 deer 570-1, 594-5 dogs and cats 436-47,452-3 epidemiology 764, 765, 766 facultative 679-763 guinea pigs 621-4 horses 306-9, 314-15 identification 814-35 immunity 774 pigeons 659-61 pigs 347-51, 355 poultry and gamebirds 522-34, 539,

543 preservation 835 rabbits 613-18 rats and mice 635-42 reptiles 670-2 sheep and goats 228-46, 251-2, 257-8 see also Arachnida; Insecta

ectoparasiticides (pesticides) 781-7 application methods and uses 785-7 chemical groups/mode of action 782-5 class resistance 794 cross-resistance 794 resistance 794-5, 796 see also acaricides; insecticides

effluent, transfer of infection via 769 eggs

examination of faeces for 798-800 faecal counts see faecal egg counts nematode, identification 803,805-10

Ehrlichia 49 Ehrlichia bovis 115, 710 Ehrlichia canis 421-3,426 Ehrlichia chaffensis 423-4, 426 Ehrlichia equi see Anaplasma

phagocytophilum Ehrlichia ewingii 424-5, 426 Ehrlichia phagocytophilia see Anaplasma

phagocytophilum Ehrlichia ristidi see Neorickettsia ristidi Ehrlichia ruminatum 115-17,220,695 Ehrlichieae 49

ehrlichiosis canine granulocytic 115, 217-18,

420-1, 424-5 canine monocytic 421-4 equine granulocytic 115,217-18,

298-9,420-1 equine monocytic 297-8 human granulocytic 115,217-18,

420-1,425,692 laboratory diagnosis 836

Eimeria 46 camelids 585-6 camels 575-6 cattle 69-73, 77-9 deer 561 goats 181-4, 191 host specificity 770 life cycle 40, 45-6 locomotion 39 oocyst identification 838-47 pigeons 655-6 rabbits 605-10,611-12 rats and mice 626-7, 630-1 reptiles 668 sheep 175-81,189-91 see also coccidiosis

Eimeria acervulina 475, 477-8, 847 Eimeria adenoides 484-5, 847 Eimeria ahsata 178-9,840,841

857

Eimeria alabamensis 69,70-1,838,839 Eimeria alijevi 181, 182-3, 842, 843 Eimeria alpacae 586 Eimeria anatis 488-9 Eimeria anseris 487-8 Eimeria arloingi 181, 183, 842, 843 Eimeria aspheronica 181, 183, 842, 843 Eimeria auburnensis 69,71,838,839 Eimeria bactriani (nolleri) 575 Eimeria bakuensis 178,179,840,841 Eimeria bateri 492 Eimeria bovis 69, 70, 77-8, 838, 839 Eimeria brasiliensis 69,71-2,838,839 Eimeria brunetti 475, 478-80, 847 Eimeria bukidnonensis 69, 72, 838, 839 Eimeria cameli 575 Eimeria canadensis 69, 72, 838, 839 Eimeria caprina 181, 191, 842, 843 Eimeria caprovina 181, 183, 842, 843 Eimeria caucasica 492 Eimeria caviae 618 Eimeria christenseni 181-2,842,843 Eimeria coecicola 606,609,846 Eimeria colchici 489,490 Eimeria columbae 656 Eimeria columbarum see Eimeria

labbaena Eimeria coturnicus 493 Eimeria crandallis 178, 189-90, 840, 841 Eimeria cylindrica 69, 72, 838, 839 Eimeria debliecki 327,328,329 Eimeria dispersa 484, 485, 847 Eimeria dromedarii 575 Eimeria duodenalis 490 Eimeria ejdovskyi 609 Eimeria ellipsoidalis 69, 72, 838, 839 Eimeria exigua 606,607,846 Eimeria faldformis 626

858

Eimeriafaurei 178,179,840,841 Eimeria fiavescens 606, 846 Eimeria gallapovonis 484, 486, 847 Eimeria granulosa 178,179-80,840,841 Eimeria grenieri 493 Eimeria hasei 627 Eimeria hindlei 627 Eimeria hirci 181, 182, 842, 843 Eimeria innocua 484, 487, 847 Eimeria intestinalis 606-7,846 Eimeria intricata 178, 180, 840, 841 Eimeria irresidua 606, 608, 846 Eimeria jolchijevi 181, 183-4, 842, 843 Eimeria keilini 627 Eimeria koifoidi 492 Eimeria krijgsmanni 627 Eimeria labbaena 655-6 Eimeria lamae 585-6 Eimeria legionensis 492 Eimeria leuckarti 270 Eimeria macusaniensis 586 Eimeria magna 606,609-10,846 Eimeria marsica 178,180,840,841 Eimeria maxima 475, 480-1, 847 Eimeria media 606,608-9,846 Eimeria megalostoma 490-1 Eimeria meleagridis 484, 502, 847 Eimeria meleagrimitis 484,486-7,847 Eimeria mitis 475,481-2,847 Eimeria musculi 627 Eimeria necatrix 475, 482-3, 847 Eimeria neodebliecki 328, 330-1, 844,

845 Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae 177, 181,

191, 842, 843 Eimeria nocens 488 Eimeria nochti 627 Eimeria numidae 493 Eimeria ovinoidalis 176,178,190-1,840,

841 Eimeria pacifica 491 Eimeria pallida 178,180,840,841 Eimeria parva 178, 180, 840, 841 Eimeria peifferi see Eimeria labbaena Eimeria pellerdyi 575-6 Eimeria pellita 69, 72, 838, 839 Eimeria perforans 606, 607-8, 846 Eimeria perminuta 328, 331, 844, 845 Eimeria phasiani 491-2 Eimeria piriformis 606, 610, 846 Eimeria polita 327, 328, 329; 844,845 Eimeria porci 328, 330, 844, 845 Eimeria praecox 475, 483-4, 847 Eimeria procera 492 Eimeria punoensis 586 Eimeria rajasthani 576 Eimeria ram 627 Eimeria scabra 327,328, 330, 844, 845 Eimeria scheuffneri 627 Eimeria separata 630-1 Eimeria solipedum 271 Eimeria spinosa 327,328,330,844,845 Eimeria stiedai 606, 611-12, 846 Eimeria sub rotunda 484,487,847 Eimeria subspherica 69, 72-3, 838, 839 Eimeria suis 328, 331, 844, 845 Eimeria taldykurganica 493

Index

Eimeria tenella 475,500-1,847 Eimeria truncata 519-20 Eimeria tsunodai 493 Eimeria uniungulati 271 Eimeria uzura 493 Eimeria vejdovsyi 606, 846 Eimeria weybridgensis 178, 181, 840, 841 Eimeria wyomingensis 69, 73, 838, 839 Eimeria zuernii 69, 78-9, 838, 839 Eimeriidae 46-7 Eimeriorina 44-7 el debab 100,293-4,415-16,579 Elaeophora bohmi 291-2 Elaeophora poeli 95-6 Elaeophora schneideri 212,567,582 Elaphostrongylus cervi (rangiferi) 565-6 Elaphostrongylus tenuis see

Parelaphostrongylus tenuis elytra 20 Embadomonas cuniculi see

Retortamonas cuniculi embryophore 14 emetine 789 emodepside 780 empodium 20, 35 emu 661-6, 676-8 Encephalitozoon 48 Encephalitozoon cuniculi 428-9,612-13 Endamoebidae 40 endectocides 778, 786 endrin 782 Entamoeba 40, 836 Entamoeba bovis 54 Entamoeba caviae 619 Entamoeba cuniculi 610 Entamoeba gedoelsti 289 Entamoeba histolytica 39,394-5 Entamoeba invadens 667-8 Entamoeba muris 631 Entamoeba ovis 184 Entamoeba suis 336 Enterocytozoon 48 Enterocytozoonidae 48 enterohepatitis, infectious 496, 508-9 Enteromonas 667 entomology 15-38 Entonyssidae 38 Entonyssus 671 Entophionyssus 671 environment

factors affecting contamination 764-5 infection introduced into clean 769

enzootic instability 768 eosinophils 772 Eperythrozoon 50 Eperythrozoon ovis 218-19,230 Eperythrozoon suis· 341-2 Eperythrozoon wenyonii 117 epidemiology, parasitic diseases 764-9 Epidermoptes bilobatus 533 Epidermoptidae 36 epimastigotes 41, 99 Epomidiostomum anatinum (uncinatum)

465-6 Epomidiostomum crami 466 Epomidiostomum orispinum 466 Epomidiostomum skrjabini 466

eprinomectin 143,777-8 epsiprantel 380, 780 equine dhobie itch 303-4 equine ehrlichial colitis 297-8 equine encephalitis viruses 756, 757,

758, 759 equine eye worm 299-300 equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis 115,

217-18,298-9,420-1 equine lungworm 289-90 equine monocytic ehrlichiosis 297-8 equine pinworm 286-7 equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

(EPM) 300-1 ethopabate 476, 788, 789-90 Eucoleus annulata see Capillaria

annulata Eucoleus contorta see Capillaria contorta Eucoleus perforans see Capillaria

perforans eukaryotic organisms 38 Eulaelaps stabularis 638, 832 Euparyphium ilocanum 372 Euparyphium melis 372 European chicken flea 723-4 European rabbit flea 616-17,721 Eurytrema coelomaticum 91, 211 Eurytrema pancreaticum 91,212,339,

578 Eurytrema procyonis 406-7 Eustrongyloides papillosus 464-5 Eustrongylus gigas see Dioctophyma

renale Eutrichomonas 667 Eutrombicula 37 Eutrombicula alfreddugesi 714 Eutrombicula sarcina 714-15 Eutrombicula splendens 714 exoskeleton 17 exotics 652-78 eyeworms

avian 517-18 camels 580-1 cattle 117-18 dogs and cats 427-8 equine 299-300

face fly see Musca autumnalis facultative ectoparasites 679-763 faecal egg counts (FEes)

bovine ostertagiosis 55 interpretation 804 larval culture and identification from

803-4,811,811 McMaster method 799 periparturient rise 7, 155

faecal oocyst counts 70, 836 faeces

examination 798-800, 836 direct smear method 798 flotation methods 798-9 sedimentation methods 799-800

infective stages in 766 sample collection 798

false gid 193 family 1 Fannia 817

l

, Fannia benjamini 747 Fannia canicularis 746-7,819 Fannia scalaris 747 Fanniidae 24,26,746-7,816,818 farm animals, pesticide application

methods 785-6 Fasciola gigantica 88-9, 208, 338, 578,

587 Fasciola hepatica

acquired immunity 772 cattle 85-8 egg identification 805, 806 epidemiology 764, 765, 766, 769 faecal egg counts 804 horses 290-1 pigs 338 sheep and goats 201-8 ungulates 564, 578, 587 vaccine 774

Fasciolidae 11 Fascioloides magna 89-90, 208, 563-4 Fasciolopsis buski 327,807 fasciolosis

bovine 85-8 control 88, 206-8 meterological forecasting 207-8 ovine 201-8

acute disease 203, 204, 206 chronic disease 203, 204, 206 epidemiology 204-6 subacute disease 203, 204, 206

treatment 88, 206 fasciolosis/ostertagiosis complex 87 feather follicle mites 533 feather mites 533 febantel 776-7 Felicola 825, 826 Felicola subrostratus (subrostrata) 436-7 fenbendazole 776-7,791

deer 566 dogs and cats 370, 380, 400 horses 300 poultry and gamebirds 468, 496, 518 rabbits 613 ratites 662 rats and mice 629 reptiles 666, 667 sheep and goats 210

fenoxycarb 783 fenthion 782 fenvalerate 782-3 Field's technique 836 Filaria haemorrhagica see Para filaria

multipapillosa Filaria taiwana see A vioserpens taiwana filarial dermatosis 212, 567, 582 Filarioidea 2, 9 filariosis

aortic 96 bovine abdominal 130-1 human 9 large aortic 95-6

Filaroides 398 Filaroides hirthi 398-9 Filaroides milksi 399 Filaroides osleri see Oslerus osleri filaroidosis, subcutaneous 434, 578-9

Index

Filicollis anatis 474-5 Fimbriaria fasciolaris 473 fipronil 616,617,715,783 fish 406

cyprinid 404, 405 freshwater 373, 405 salmonid 371

flagellate protozoa 40, 44 cattle 79-80 guinea pigs 619-20 pigs 334-5 poultry and gamebirds 503-5 reptiles 667 sheep and goats 191-2

flagellum 39 flea-bite allergy 715, 717-18 fleas 29-30, 715-25

Dipetalonema transmission 434, 435, 719

Dipylidium transmission 373,375, 718-19

dogs and cats 715-20 identification 823, 826-7,828 insecticide resistance 796 life cycles 29-30 morphology 16,29 pigeon 660 pigs 721 poultry and gamebirds 721-4 rabbits 616-17 rats and mice 639-41 Rickettsia felis transmission 426 treatment and control 782, 783, 784,

786 flesh flies 26, 583, 736-8 flies 726-63

biting 738-48 camelids 603 camels 599 cattle 137, 150 deer 594 dogs and cats 452, 458 horses 314 laboratory diagnosis 814-23 larval parasites see myiasis nuisance 25-6, 738-48 pigeons 659-60 pigs 355 poultry and gamebirds 539, 543 rabbits 617-18 rats and mice 641-2 reptiles 672 sheep and goats 238-46, 251, 257 true see Diptera as vectors see fly vectors see also specific types of flies

flotation methods 798-9, 836 fluaxuron 784 flubendazole 468, 496, 518 flufenoxuron 784 fluff louse 523 flukes see Trematoda flukicides 776, 778-9

cattle 88, 89, 90 deer 564 horses 288 sheep and goats 206, 207

flumethrin 782-3 fly strike 239-46, 617-18 fly vectors

859

Elaeophora bohmi 291 eyeworms 117-18 Habronema and Draschia 259, 261 Para filaria 129, 130 trypanosomiasis 293, 294, 416 see also specific types of flies

fly-worry 25, 739 forest fly 747-8 formamidines 783 Formica ants 209 fowl cyst mite 533-4, 658-9 fowl tick see Argas persicus fox lungworm 396-7 foxes 378, 396, 397 Francisella (Pasteurella) tularensis

(tularaemia) 692, 694, 699,750 French heartworm 410-11 Frenkelia 47 Freyana spp 533 Freyanidae 36 fringed tapeworm 68-9,174-5 frogs 370,371, 474 frounce 460-1,652-3 fur mite 616 furazolidone 791

Gabucinia spp 665-6 Gaigeria pachyscalis 171 Galba see Lymnaea Gambia fever 100-1,213-14,294-5,

340, 416, 580 gamebirds 459-534

ectoparasites 522-34 endoparasites 459-521 parasite checklists 550-7

gamesid mites 38, 828 gametogony 40, 45, 46 gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)

87,203 gamma hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma

HCH) 145,235, 237 Gammarus 463,464,474 gapeworms 80,192,505-7,656,664 Gasterophilinae 26, 821 Gasterophilus 261-6, 818 , Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis 262, 263,

264 Gasterophilus inermis 262,263, 264 Gasterophilus intestinalis 262, 263,

264-5,821 Gasterophilus nasalis 262,263,265 Gasterophilus nigricornis 265-6 Gasterophilus pecorum 263, 266 Gastrodiscoides hominis 333 Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus 288, 333 Gastrodiscus hominis see Gastrodiscoides

hominis Gastrodiscus secundus 288 gastroenteritis, parasitic (PGE) 54,

155-8 gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants

800-4 counting 800 egg identification 803, 805

860

gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants (continued)

identification 801, 801-2 pasture larval counts 812-13 recovery 800 third-stage larvae, identification

803-4, 811, 811 Geckobiella 671 Gedoelstia spp 195 geese

coccidiosis 487-9, 519-20 gizzard worms 465-7 lice 527 parasite checklist 547-9

genetic factors, disease susceptibility 768-9,771

genus 1 ghindi 100-1,213-14,294-5,340,416,

580 ghost moose 700 giant kidney worm 430-1 Giardia 44, 836 Giardia duodenalis see Giardia intestinalis Giardia intestinalis 74-5, 184, 271, 332,

392-3 Giardia lamblia see Giardia intestinalis Giardia muris 628-9 gid 220-1,381 'gilt only' scheme 343 Giovannolaia 512, 515 gizzard worms 465-7 Gliricola 823 Gliricola porcelli 621-2,824 Globidium besnoiti see Besnoitia besnoiti Globidium leuckarti see Eimeria

leuckarti Globocephalus longemucronatus see

Globocephalus urosubulatus Globocephalus urosubulatus 320, 807 globular roundworm 462-3 Glossina spp see tsetse flies Glossinidae 24, 26, 816 Glucantime see meglumine antimonate glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) 87,

203 gnathosoma 30,31,34,35 Gnathostoma doloresi 319 Gnathostoma hispidum 318-19 Gnathostoma spinigerum 358-9 gnathostomiosis, human 359 goat sucking louse 230-1 goat warble fly 227-8 goats 152-246

ectoparasites 228-46, 257-8 endoparasites 152-228 identification of Eimeria oocysts 842,

843 parasite checklist 253-6 pesticide application methods 785-6

gobial 100-1,213-14,294-5,340,416, 580

Gongylonema 8, 9 Gongylonema crami 461 Gongylonema ingluvicola 461 Gongylonema monnig 152-3 Gongylonema pulchrum 51, 152, 316,

558,571,584

Index

Gongylonema scutatum see Gongylonema pulchrum

Gongylonema verrucosum 51, 152, 558, 571

Goniocotes 29,528,826 Goniocotes gallinae 523, 825 Goniodes 29,528,826 Goniodes dissimilis 524, 824 Goniodes gigas 524 Goniodes meleagridis 524-5 gonopore 32 goose see geese Graphidium strigosum 604, 809 Graphinema aucheniae 584 grasshoppers 91, 211, 472 grazing see pasture greenbottles 242-3, 617-18 greenheads 750 grey flesh fly 738 Grosspiculagia podjapolskyi see

Ostertagia leptospicularis grubs 21, 726 guanacos 584-9, 601-3

see also camelids gubernaculum 3, 4 guinea fowl

coccidiosis 493 parasite checklist 556-7

guinea pig louse 621-2 guinea pig mite 623-4 guinea pigs 618-24

ectoparasites 621-4 parasite checklist 646-7

guinea worm 132-3 Gulf Coast tick see Amblyomma

maculatum gullet worms 51, 152, 316, 461, 558, 571,

584 Gyropidae 28, 823 Gyropus 823 Gyropus ovalis 621, 824

}{abronema 2,8,259,744,806 }{abronema majus see }{abronema

microstoma }{abronema megastoma see Draschia

megastoma }{abronema microstoma 260-1 }{abronema muscae 261 habronematidosis

cutaneous 259, 260, 261 gastric 259-61

}{aemamoeba 512-14 }{aemaphysalis 34, 687, 703-6, 829 }{aemaphysalis bancrofti 112 }{aemaphysalis bispinosa 112, 705 }{aemaphysalis cinnabarina punctata see

}{aemaphysalis punctata }{aemaphysalis concinna 705 }{aemaphysalis leachi 703-4

Babesia transmission 416,417,419 }{aemaphysalis leporispalustris 705-6 }{aemaphysalis longicornis 704-5 }{aemaphysalis punctata 108,217,703,

704,830 }{aemaphysalis spinigera 705 }{aematobia 26,740

}{aematobia atripalpis 304 }{aematobia exigua 740-1 }{aematobia irritans 131,740-1 }{aematobia minuta 741-2 }{aematobia stimulans 740,741-2 }{aematobia titillans131 }{aematobosca stimulans see }{aematobia

stimulans Haematopinidae 28, 826 }{aematopinus 27, 28, 825, 826 }{aematopinus asini 306-7 }{aematopinus eurysternus 139 }{aematopinus quadripertusus 139-40 }{aematopinus suis 347-8 }{aematopinus tuberculatus 141 }{aematopota 24, 749,750-1,815,816 }{aematoxenus veliferus 113 haematuria, Schistosoma bovis 92 }{aemobartonella 50 }{aemobartonella felis 427 haemocoel 18 haemoflagellates 40-4 }{aemogamasus pontiger 638, 832 haemolymph 18 haemonchosis 158-61

acute 159, 160 chronic 159-60 drug resistance 793 hyperacute 159, 160 self-cure phenomenon 160-1 treatment and control 161

}{aemonchus 2, 7 faecal egg counts 804 identification 801, 811

}{aemonchus contortus 59, 158-61, 559, 572,584

egg 805 faecal egg counts 804 host resistance 771, 772 identification 801, 811 plasma pepsinogen test 812 vaccine 774, 775

}{aemonchus longistipes 571 }{aemonchus placei see }{aemonchus

contortus }{aemonchus similis 59 }{aemoproteus 47, 48 }{aemoproteus columbae 657-8 }{aemoproteus meleagridis 515-16 }{aemoproteus nettionis (anatis, anseris,

hermani) 516 }{aemoproteus sacharovi 658 Haemospororina 47-8 }{aemostrongylus vasorum see

Angiostrongylus vasorum hairworms 459-60 hairy maggot blowfly 730-1 Halarachnidae 38, 831 }{alicephalobus delitrix 300 halofuginone 74,224, 514, 515, 790 haloxon 779-80 halteres 20, 22 }{ammondia hammondi 386, 388 }{ammondia heydorni 388 }{armostomum commutatus see

Brachylaemus commutatus }{artertia gallinarum 469-70

Hartmannella 668 harvest mite see Neotrombicula

autumnalis head flies 26,742-3, 765 head louse, chicken 522-3 ,heartwater 115-17,220,694-5 heartworm, canine see Dirofilaria immitis hedgehog flea 720, 827 hedgehog tick 690-1 heel fly 136-7 Heligmosomoides polygyrus see

Nematospiroides dubius Heligmosomum muris see

Nippostrongylus brasiliensis helminth infections

acquired immunity 771-3 chemotherapy see anthelminthics epidemiology 764, 765, 766 laboratory diagnosis 798-813

collection of faeces 798 faecal examination methods

798-800 larval culture and identification 800,

811,811 recovery of alimentary nematodes

800 recovery of lungworms 804

rabbits 604-5 reptiles 666-7 vaccines 774 see also Cestoda; Nematoda;

Trematoda; specific helminths helminthology 1-15 hemimetabolous metamorphosis 21 Hemiptera 22, 725-6 Hepaticola hepatica see Capillaria

hepatica hepatitis

clostridial necrotic 203 cysticercosa 211

Hepatocystis 48 Hepatozoidae 47 Hepatozoon 47, 420 Hepatozoon americanum 410,432-3 Hepatozoon canis 409-10,710 Hepatozoon cuniculi 612 Hepatozoon muris (perniciosum) 633 hepatozoonosis

canine 409-10,432-3 feline 420

heptachlor 782 Herpatamonas 667 Herpetosoma 43 Heterakis brevispeculum 497 Heterakis dispar 496-7 Heterakis gallinae see Heterakis

gallinarum Heterakis gallinarum 495-6, 508, 509,

655, 809 Heterakis isolonche 496 Heterakis papillosa see Heterakis

gallinarum Heterakis tenuis 497 Heterakis vesicularis see Heterakis

gallinarum Heterodoxus 823, 824 Heterodoxus spiniger 437-8

Index

Heterophyes heterophyse 372 Heterophyes nocens 372 Heterophyidae 13 hexachlorocyc1ohexanes (HCH) 782 hexachlorophene 778 Hexamita see Spironucleus Hippobosca camelina 582-3, 747 Hippobosca equina 747-8 Hippobosca longipennis 748 Hippobosca maculata 748 Hippobosca rufipes 748 Hippobosca variegata 748 Hippoboscidae 24, 26, 747-8, 814 Hippoboscoidea 24 Hirstiella 671 Hirstionyssus isabellinus 638, 831 Histiocephalus laticaudatus 467 Histomonas 44 Histomonas meleagridis 496, 508-9 Histoplasma gondii see Neospora caninum Hoarella 46 hog louse 347-8 Holomenopon spp 527 holometabolous metamorphosis 21 Homalogaster paloniae 77 homidium salts 790, 793

cattle 101, 102 horses 214, 295

hookworms 8 cattle 64-5 dogs and cats 365-9 pigs 320 sheep and goats 170-1

hoose 80-4 horn flies 26, 131, 132,304,740-1 horse and cattle louse fly 748 horse louse 306 horse louse fly 747-8 horse nasal bot fly 289 horse sucking louse 306-7 horse flies see Tabanidae horses 259-315

ectoparasites 306-9,314-15 endoparasites 259-306 helminth eggs 806 parasite checklist 310-13 pesticide application methods 786-7

host susceptibility age specific 770 breed differences 768-9,770-1 environmental contamination and 765 factors affecting 767-8 sex differences 769 species specificity 768, 770

Hottuynia struthionis 663 house flies see Musca domestica Huffia 512 human bot fly 735-6 human flea 720-1, 827 human granulocytic ehrlichiosis 115,

217-18,420-1,425,692 human pork tapeworm 343-5, 428 husk 80-4 Hyalomma 34, 687, 706-9, 829, 830

Ehrlichia transmission 115 theileriosis transmission 111-12

Hyalomma aegyptium 671, 706-7

Hyalomma anatolicum 216,217, 706 Hyalomma detritum 707

861

Hyalomma dromedarii 583-4, 707 Hyalomma (anatolicum) excavatum 706,

707-8 Hyalomma impressum 709 Hyalomma lusitanicum 706 Hyalomma marginatum 708 Hyalomma scupense 709 Hyalomma truncatum 708-9 Hyalomma uralense see Hyalomma

detritum Hyalomma volgense see Hyalomma

detritum hydatid cysts 14, 90, 200, 376 hydatidosis

cattle 90 deer 564-5 dogs 376-7 equine 291, 377 pigs 338--9 sheep and goats 200-1

Hydatigera taeniaeformis see Taenia taeniaeformis

Hydrotaea irritans 742-3, 765 Hymenolepididae 15 Hymenolepis cantaniana 473 Hymenolepis carioca 472-3 Hymenolepis diminuta 625-6,639,640 Hymenolepis fratern see Rodentolepis

nana Hymenolepis lanceolata 473 Hymenolepis nana see Rodentolepis nana Hyostrongylus rubidus 316-17,807,812 hypersensitivity reactions (allergies) 768

arthropod antigens 774 biting midges 758 flea bites 715,717-18

hypoalburninaemia, bovine 55, 87 hypobiosis 6-7, 765 Hypodectes propus 533 Hypoderaeum conoideum 474, 655 Hypoderidae 36 Hypoderma 134-7,818,819 Hypoderma ageratum see Przhevalskiana

silenis Hypoderma bovis 134, 136, 819, 822 Hypoderma crossi see Przhevalskiana

silenis Hypoderma diana 567-9 Hypoderma lineatum 134, 136-7,819 Hypoderma tarandi 569-70 Hypodermatinae 26-7,822 Hypopylaria 44 hypostome 32 Hyptiasmus tumidus (arcuatus) 507 Hystrichis tricolour 464

idiosoma 30, 31, 35 iguanas 667 imago 21 imidac10prid 621, 715, 783 imidazothiazoles 776, 777 imidocarb dipropionate 788

cattle 105, 106, 108, 114 dogs 410, 417 horses 296, 297

862

immune response evasion 772-3 helminth infections 771-2 pathogenic effects 773 protozoal infections 773-4

immunity acqurred 768, 771-4 age 768 concomitant 772-3 factors affecting host 765,767-8

immunoglobulins parasite specific 772, 773 polyclonal stimulation 773

Impalaia nudicollis 572 Impalaia tuberculata 572 Inderbitzen's modification of perfusion

technique 804 Indian tick typhus see Rickettsia conorii indirect fluorescent antibody test (IF AT)

297 infectious keratoconjunctivitis, bovine

743 infective stages 764-6

development and survival 765-6 environmental contamination 764-5 longevity 768 microhabitat 765-6 transport to new areas 769

insect growth regulators (IGRs) 715, 727, 782, 784-5

insect repellents 785 Insecta 16, 20-30, 715-63

laboratory identification 814-27 life cycles 21 morphology 20-1 see also fleas; flies; lice

insecticides 781-7 biting midges 759 camels 583 deer 569, 570 dogs and cats 436 fleas 715 flies 739 fly strike 239-40 guinea pigs 621 horses 306, 308 mosquitoes 755 myiasis 727 pigeons 659-60 poultry and gamebirds 522, 527 rabbits 614, 616, 617 rats and mice 638, 639, 641 resistance 794-5, 796 sand flies 762 Simulium spp 761 ticks 679, 686 see also acaricides

insects see Insecta integumentary system parasites

cattle 131-7 deer 570 dogs and cats 433-6 horses 303-6 pigeons 658-9 pigs 347 poultry and gamebirds 520-1 sheep and goats 227-8

Index

intercurrent infections 767 intestinal carnivore fluke 370-1 intestinal coccidiosis

chickens 477-83 turkeys 484-7 see also coccidiosis

intestinal flukes dogs and cats 370-3 horses 288 pigs 333 poultry and gamebrrds 473-4

intestinal parasites see large intestinal parasites; small intestinal parasites

intestinal protozoa deer 559, 561 dogs and cats 385-93 horses 270-1, 289 laboratory diagnosis 836 pigs 327-32,334-7 poultry and gamebirds 475-95 rats and mice 626-9 see also coccidiosis

iodine solution 800 iodofenphos 782 iodoquinol 789 ionophores 791-2 iron intake 767 Ischnocera 27,29, 823 isometamidium 790, 793

camels 580 cattle 102 dogs 415 horses 293, 295 pigs 340 sheep and goats 213

isopods 463, 475, 653 Isospora 46, 668 Isospora bigemina see Sarcocystis ovifelis Isospora canis 385, 386, 387 Isospora felis 385, 386, 387 Isospora ohioensis 385, 386, 387 Isospora orlovi 576 Isospora rivolta 385, 386, 387-8 Isospora suis 327, 328-9, 844, 845 ivermectin 777-8

camels 571 cattle 128, 129, 130 dogs and cats 358, 361, 370, 414, 428,

446, 725 guinea pigs 619 horses 300, 308 poultry and gamebrrds 529, 532 rabbits 618 ratites 662 rats and mice 629,638 reptiles 666, 670, 671 sheep and goats 235

ivory-ornamented tick 711-12 Ixodes 34, 426, 687-93, 829 Ixodes angustus 693 Ixodes canisuga 689, 690 Ixodes cookei 693 Ixodes hexagonus 689, 690-1 Ixodes holocyclus 691 Ixodes kingi 693 Ixodes muris 693

Ixodes pacificus 692-3 Ixodes persulcatus 691 Ixodes pilosus 693 Ixodes ricinus 687-90

bovine diseases transmitted 106, 107-8, 689-90

ovine diseases transmitted 218, 690 Ixodes rubicundus 692 Ixodes rugosus 693 Ixodes scapularis (dammini) 692 Ixodes sculptus 693 Ixodes texanus 693 Ixodida (Metastigmata) 30,31-4,828,

829 Ixodidae (hard ticks) 32-4, 685-712, 829 Ixodiderma 671

jarab 583 Jericho boil 435-6 jigger 724-5 Jorgensen method 813 juvenile hormone analogues 785

kala-azar 407-9 Kalicephalus spp 666,810 Karoo paralysis tick 692 Kasen su=er mange 303-4 keds

deer 748 sheep 214,219,238-9

kennel tick see Rhipicephalus sanguineus kidney worm

giant 430-1 pig 118-19,342-3

kinetodesmata 48 kinetoplast 39, 40 Kinetoplastorida 40-4 kinetosomes 48 kingdom 1 kissing bugs 725-6 Klossiella 47 Klossiella boiae 670 Klossiella cobayae 620 Klossiella equi 302 Klossiella muris 634 Klossiellidae 47 Knemidokoptes gallinae (laevis gallinae)

531-2, 832,833 Knemidokoptes mutans 532-3,832 Knemidokoptes pilae 832 Knemidokoptidae 36, 832 kumri 131 Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) vrrus

705

laboratory animals 604-42 lactation, host i=unity during 765, 767 Laelapidae 38, 831, 832 Laelaps echidninus 638, 832 Laelaps nuttalli 638 Lagopoecus colchicus 528 Lamanema chavezi 585 Lamblia lamblia see Giardia intestinalis Laminosioptes cysticola 533-4, 658-9,

832,834 Laminosioptidae 36, 832 Lankesterellidae 47

large American liver fluke 89-90, 208, 563-4

large bowel worm 185-6 large chicken louse 524 large intestinal parasites

cattle 75-80 deer 560 dogs and cats 393-5 horses 271-89 pigs 332-7 poultry and gamebirds 495-505 sheep and goats 184-92

large roundworm 320-3 larva migrans

cutaneous 363,367 visceral 359, 363, 770

larvae arrested development (hypobiosis)

6-7, 765 culture and identification 800 examination of faeces for 798-800 pasture counts 812-13 third-stage nematode, identification

803-4, 811, 811 lasalocid 792 latrine fly 747 leaf crowns 3-4 leg bands, pesticide-impregnated 786 Leishmania 43-4 Leishmania aethiopica 436 Leishmania chagasi 407 Leishmania donovani complex see

Leishmania donovani infantum Leishmania donovani infantum 407-9 Leishmania infantum 407 Leishmania major 436 Leishmania peruviana 436 Leishmania tropica 435-6 leishmaniosis

acquired immunity 773 cutaneous 435-6 infantile or Mediterranean 407 laboratory diagnosis 837 treatment 787 vectors 762-3 visceral 407-9

Leptoderma see Plagiorchis arcuatus Leptomonas 667 Leptopsylla segnis 641 Leptotrombidium 37 Leptotrombidium deliense 636 lesser brown blowfly 243, 244,732 lesser housefly 746-7 Leucocytozoon 47, 48, 761 Leucocytozoon canis see Hepatozoon

canis Leucocytozoon caulleryi 510 Leucocytozoon marchouxi (turtur) 657 Leucocytozoon muris see Hepatozoon

muris Leucocytozoon ratti see Hepatozoon

muris Leucocytozoon sabrazesi (schueffneri,

macleani) 510-11 Leucocytozoon simondi 511-12 Leucocytozoon smithi (schueffneri,

macleani) 511

Index

Leucocytozoon struthionis 664-5 levamisole 777

cattle 132 dogs and cats 358, 361, 397, 413 poultry and gamebirds 468, 496 ratites 662 reptiles 670

Libyostrongylus 661-2 Libyostrongylus dentatus 662 Libyostrongylus douglassi 661, 662 lice 27-9

'biting' 27 camelids 588 camels 582 cattle 137-41 chewing 27, 28-9 deer 570 Dipetalonema transmission 434, 438 Dipylidium transmission 373, 375,

439 dogs and cats 436-9 guinea pigs 621-2 horses 306-7 identification 823-6 insecticide resistance 796 life ,cycles 21, 27-8 morphology 16,27 pigeon 659 pigs 347-8 poultry and gamebirds 522-7,528 ratites 665 rats and mice 637-9 sheep and goats 228-31 sucking 27

lime-sulphur 443, 447 lincosamide antibiotics 792 lindane 782 Linguatula 38 Linguatula serrata 38, 401-2 linognathidae 28, 826 Linognathus 28,825,826 Linognathus ovillus 230 LinognathUS pedalis 230 Linognathus setosus 438 LinognathUS stenopsis 230-1 Linognathus vituli 140 Lipeurus 29, 826 Lipeurus caponis 525, 824 Lipeurus maculosus 528 Liponyssoides sanguineus 638 , Liponyssus bacoti see Ornithonyssus

bacoti Liponyssus bursa see Ornithonyssus

bursa Liponyssus sylviarum see Ornithonyssus

sylviarum Lipoptena spp 748 Listrophoridae 36, 835 Listrophorus gibbus 616 little blue cattle louse 140-1 liver

'milk spot' 321, 322 pipe-stem 86, 87

liver flukes cattle 85-90 dogs and cats 404-7 horses 290-1

pigs 338 recovery 812 sheep and goats 201-10 ungulates 563-4, 578, 587

liver parasites camelids 587 camels 578 cattle 85-91 deer 563-5 dogs and cats 403-10 horses 290-1 pigs 338-9 poultry and gamebirds 508-9 rabbits 611-12 rats and mice 632-3 sheep and goats 201-11

lizard poisoning 405-6 lizards 666-72, 810 llama louse 588 llamas 584-9, 601-3

see also camelids Loa loa 9,750 locomotory system parasites

camelids 588 camels 581-2 cattle 121-6 deer 567 dogs and cats 431-3 guinea pigs 620 horses 302-3 pigeons 658 pigs 343-7 pOUltry and gamebirds 520 rabbits 613 sheep and goats 224-7

Lone Star tick see Amblyomma americanum

long-nosed cattle louse 140 long-nosed louse 230

see also Linognathus louse see lice

863

Lucilia 26, 240-3, 733, 734, 821, 822 Lucilia cuprina 240, 241, 242-3 Lucilia sericata 240,241,242, 617-18,

820 lufenuron 715, 782, 784 lumbar paralysis 130 lung flukes

avian 507 dogs and cats 400-1

lungworms anthelminthics 777, 778, 779 bovine 80-4, 768 dogs and cats 396-400 equine 289-90 laboratory diagnosis 799-800, 804,

812-13 pig 337-8 rat 631-2 sheep and goat 195-9 ungulates 561-3,577,587 vaccine 83-4

Lutzomyia 24, 44, 408, 763 Lyme disease 690, 692, 706 Lymnaea 86,88,89,201,204-7 Lymnaea auricularia 88 Lymnaea tomentosa 205-6,207

864

Lymnaea truncatula 86,89,201,204-5, 206

lymph, examination 836 lymphoid enlargement, trypanosomiosis

97 Lyperosia see Haematobia

Afabuyonyssus 671 Afacracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus

326-7,385,807 macrogametocytes 46 macrolide antibiotics 792 Macronyssidae 38, 831 Afacronyssus bacoti see Ornithonyssus

bacoti macrophages 773 maduramicin 792 maggots 21, 25,26,726 mal de Caderas 100,293-4,415-16,579,

750 malaria

avian 47-8,512-15,756,757 human 48, 757 treatment 789 vectors 24, 47

malathion 782, 787 malkopsiekte 115-17,220 Mallophaga 27 Afalophagus ovinus 219 "-Malpighian tubules 19 Afammomonogamus 8 Afammomonogamus ierei 395 Afammomonogamus laryngeus 80, 192 Afammomonogamus mcgaughei 395 Afammomonogamus nasicola 80, 192 mange 34, 141, 439, 527-8

Cheyletiella 439, 440 chorioptic 144,237-8, 309 demodectic 231, 308, 351, 445-6 notoedric 444 otodectic 614 psoroptic 233-4,235,774 sarcoptic 145,349-50,442-3,583,774

Afansonella ozzardi 9 Afansonia crassipes 514 marsh tick see Dermacentor reticulatus Afarshallagia marshalli 158, 572, 584,

805 mast cells 772 Mastigophora 40-4 'mat' layer 765-6 mbori 100,293-4,415-16,579 McMaster flotation method 799, 836 meadow tick see Dermacentor reticulatus mebendazole 791

dogs and cats 380 poultry and gamebirds 468, 496

Af ecanthus spp 528 Af ecistocirrus digitatus 59 Medina worm 132-3 Mediterranean coast fever 111-12, 708 Mediterranean spotted fever see

Rickettsia conorii Mediterranean theileriosis 111-12 mefloquine 789 Afegatrypanum 43 meglumine antimonate 408, 787

Index

Afegninia columbae 533 Afegninia cubitalis 533 Afegninia ginglymura 533 Af einertzhageniella lata 665 Af einertzhageniella schubarti 665 melarsomine 413, 780, 787 Afelophagus ovinus 214,219,238-9, 814 Afenacanthus 28,823 Afenacanthus stramineus 525-6,824 meningeal worm 566, 587-8 menoctone 789 Af;;nopon 28, 823 Afenopon gallinae 526-7,824 Afenopon leucoxanthum 527 Afenopon pallens 528 Menoponidae 28, 823 Merino sheep 236, 242, 243, 771 merogony 40, 45-6 meront 40, 46 merozoites 40, 46 Afesocestoides lineatus 374, 385 Mesocestoididae 15 Mesostigmata 30, 38

reptiles 670-1 metacercaria 11 metacestodes 14 Afetagonimus yokagawai 372 metameric segmentation 17 metamorphosis 21 Metastigmata see Ixodida Metastrongyloidea 2, 8 Afetastrongylus 337-8, 807 Afetastrongylus apri 337-8 Afetastrongylus brevivaginatus see

Afetastrongylus pudendotectus Afetastrongylus elongatus see

Afetastrongylus apri Afetastrongylus pudendotectus 338 Afetastrongylus salmi 338 meteorological forecasting, fasciolosis

207-8 methoprene 785, 786 methylbenzoquate 789 metic!orpindol 789 Afetorchis albidus 405, 406 Af etorchis conjunctus 406 metrifonate 725 Afetroliasthes lucida 472 metronidazole 629, 668, 791 mice 624-42

ectoparasites 635-42 helminth eggs 810 parasite checklist 650-1

microgametes 46 microgametocytes 46 microhabitat, infective stages 765-6 Aficrolichus avus 533 Aficronema delatrix see Halicephalobus

delitrix Microspora 41, 48 Microthoraciidae 28 Aficrothoracius 582, 588 Aficrothoracius cameli 582 Aficrothoracius mazzai 588 midges, biting 23-4, 757-9

see also Culicoides milbemycins

application methods 786 dogs and cats 413, 414, 446 ectoparasites 782, 783 helminth infections 776,777-8

'milk spot' liver 321, 322 miracidium 11 mites 30-1,34-8,712-15

acaricides see acaricides camelids 588-9 camels 583 cattle 141-5 deer 570-1 dogs and cats 401, 439-47 forage, tapeworm hosts

cattle 67, 68 horses 268, 269 rabbits 605 sheep and goats 173,174,175

guinea pigs 622-4 horse 307-9 identification 828, 831-5 insecticide resistance 796 life cycles 31, 35 morphology 16,30,31,35 pigeons 656-7,658-9 pigs 348-51 poultry and garnebirds 527-34 rabbits 613-16 ratites 665-6 rats and mice 635-7,638 reptiles 670-1 sheep and goats 231-8 see also acariasis

molluscicides 89,93,206-7 monensin 484, 792 Afoniezia benedeni 67-8, 560, 573 Afoniezia expansa 68, 173-4, 573, 585 Afoniezia spp eggs 805 Monocercomonadidae 44 Afonocercomonas 44, 667 Afonocercomonas hominis see

Pentatrichomonas hominis Afonocercomonas ruminatium 53 Afonodontus phlebotomum see

Bunostomum phlebotomum Afonodontus trigonocephalum see

Bunostomum trigonocephalum Monogenea 10 monte 736 moose sickness/disease 566, 587-8 moose tick 699-700 morantel 777 Aforaxella bovis 743 morphology, parasite 1-50 mosquitoes 24,753-7

control 755 Dipetalonema transmission 578, 579 Dirofilaria transmission 411, 413, 435,

756 Eperythrozoon ovis 219 malaria transmission 513, 514, 515,

756 morphology 23, 753 Setaria transmission 130, 131, 305

mouse see mice mouse flea 641 mouse pinworm 629-30

mouth parasites, dogs and cats 356-7 moxidectin 778

cattle 129 dogs and cats 414, 446 horses 308 poultry and gamebirds 529 sheep and goats 235

Muellerius capillaris 196, 198, 562 Multiceps multiceps see Taenia multiceps Multiceps skrjabini see Taenia skrjabini murrina 100, 293-4, 415-16, 579 Musca autumnalis 129, 130,743 Musca crassirostris 745 Musca domestica (house flies) 25,472,

740,743-5 identification 817, 820

Musca sorbens 744-5 Musca vetustissima 745 Muscidae (muscid flies) 24,25-6,

739-46 eyeworm transmission 117-18,299,

427 Habronema and Draschia transmission

259 identification 816, 818 Parabronema transmission 163 Para filaria transmission 129, 130

muscle worm 302, 324-6 Muscoidea 24 Muscomorpha 22 Mycoplasma 50, 117, 219, 342 Mycoplasma haemofelis 427 myiasis 24, 26, 726-38

identification of adult Diptera 821-3 identification of third-stage larvae

818-21 insecticide resistance 796 oculo-vascular 195 rabbits 617-18 reptiles 672 sheep and goats 239-46 treatment 726-7

Myobia musculi 636-7 Myobidae 37, 835 Myocoptes musculinus 635-6, 835

Naegleria 668 nagana

camels 579, 580 cattle 97,99-102 dogs and cats 414-15,416 fly vectors 750 horses 292-3, 294-5 pigs 339-40 sheep and goats 213-14 see also trypanosomiosis

Nairobi sheep disease 710, 712 Nannomonas 43 Nanophyetus salmincola 371-3 naphthoquinones 789 narasin 792 nasal mite 401 N'dama cattle 98, 99, 753, 769, 771 Nemathelminthes 1-10 Nematocera 22-4, 814, 818 Nematoda 1-10

acquired immunity 771-2

Index

anthelminthic resistance 793-4 anthelminthics 776, 777-8, 779-80 arrested larval development 6-7,765 biotic potential 764 bursate 1,2 classification 1, 2 development 5-6 eggs 5

identification 803,805-10 faecal egg counts 799

periparturient rise 7, 155 faecal examination for 798, 799 gastrointestinal, of ruminants see

gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants

host susceptibility 768 larval culture and identification 800 life cycle 4-5 metabolism 6 non-bursate 1, 2 structure and function 1-4 superfamilies 7-10 third-stage larvae, identification

803-4,811,811 Nematodirella cameli 574 Nematodirella dromedarii 573-4 nematodirosis

bovine 63-4 ovine and caprine 167-70

Nematodirus 7 faecal egg counts 804 identification 801, 802, 805, 811, 811

Nematodirus abnormalis 573 Nematodirus battus 64, 157, 167-9,770,

805, 811 Nematodirus filicollis 168, 169,560, 811 Nematodirus helvetianus 63-4,573,585 Nematodirus lamae 585 Nematodirus mauritanicus 572-3 Nematodirus spathiger 64,168, 169-70,

560, 573, 811 Nematospiroides dubius 625,810 Neoascaris vitulorum see Toxocara

vitulorum Neocnemidocoptes see Knemidokoptes Neolinagnathidae 28 Neoliponyssus saurarum 671 neonatal immunological

unresponsiveness 772 Neorickettsia helminthoeca 371 N eo rickettsia risticii 297-8 Neoschongastia 37,533 Neospora 47 Neospora caninum 121,429 Neostrongylus linearis 196, 199 Neotrombicula 37 Neotrombicula autumnalis 616,713-14,

834 nervous system parasites

camelids 587-8 camels 580-1 cattle 117-18 deer 565-6 dogs and cats 427-9 horses 299-301 pigs 342 poultry and gamebirds 517-18

rabbits 612-13 sheep and goats 220-1

netobimin 210,776-7 New Forest disease 743 New World skin bot flies 641-2 nicarbazin 788 niclofolan 778 niclosamide 380, 778 nifursol 791 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (muris)

624-5,771,810 nitolmide 788 nitrofurans 791 nitrofurantoin 791 nitrofurazone 791 nitroguanidines 783-4 nitroimidazoles 791 nitroscanate 380, 406, 780 nitroxynil 129, 206, 778 nits 27,823

865

Nochtiella immitis see Dirofilaria immitis nodular lungworms 198, 562 nodular tapeworm disease 471 nodular worms 75-6,184-5,186-7 northern fowl mite 529-31 Northern hookworm 368-9 northern rat flea 639-40, 827 Nosema cuniculi see Encephalitozoon

cuniculi Nosematidae 48 Nosopsyllus 30 Nosopsyllus fasciatus 639-40, 827, 827 noteodric cat mite 443-4 NotocCitylidae 12-13 Notocotylus attenuatus 499, 500 Notoedres cati 443-4, 616, 832, 833

vs. Trixicarus caviae 623, 624 Notoedres sylviarum 638 Novyella 512,514-15 nuisance flies 25-6, 738-48 nutrition 767 Nuttalia equi see Theileria equi Nuttalia felis see Babesia felis Nyctotheridae 49 Nyctotherus 49, 667 nymphs 21

Obeliscoides cuniculi 604, 809 ocelli 19 Octomitus muris see Spironucleus muris Octosporella 46 Odocoileostrongylus tenuis see

Parelaphostrongylustenuis Odontospiruria cetiopenis 662 Oedemagena tarandi see Hypoderma

tarandi oesophageal parasites

cattle 51 dogs and cats 357-8 pigs 316 poultry and gamebirds 459-61 sheep and goats 152

Oesophagodontus 272 Oesophagodontus robustus 280 Oesophagostomum 8, 332-3

identification 801, 803, 805, 811, 811 Oesophagostomum asperum 186-7

866

Oesophagostomum brevicaudum 333 Oesophagostomum columbianum 184-5,

560, 574, 586, 773 Oesophagostomum dentatum 332-3, 807 Oesophagostomum georgianum 333 Oesophagostomum granatensis 333 Oesophagostomum longicaudatum 333 Oesophagostomum multifoliatum 186 Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum

333 Oesophagostomum radiatum 75-6 Oesophagostomum venulosum

(virginimembrum) 185-6, 560, 574, 586

Oestridae 24,26-7,726 identification 816, 818, 821, 822

Oestrinae 26, 821 Oestroidea 24, 726 Oestrus ovis 192-5, 577, 818, 819, 822 Old World screwworm 728-30 Oligacanthorhynchidae 10 oligochaetes 430, 464-5 Ollulanus tricuspis 317-18, 358 ommatidia 19 Onchocerca 2, 9, 24 Onchocerca armillata 96, 128 Onchocerca cebei 128 Onchocerca cervicalis 758, 761 Onchocerca dermata see Onchocerca

ochengi Onchocerca dukei 123-4, 128, 761 Onchocerca fasciata 582 Onchocerca gibsoni 127-8, 128, 758 Onchocerca gutturosa 126-7,128,582,

761 Onchocerca lienalis 126-7,128 Onchocerca ochengi' 128-9 Onchocerca reticulata 303-4, 758 Onchocerca sweetae 128 Onchocerca volvulus 9,24,761 onchocercosis

bovine 96, 123-4, 126-9, 761 equine 303-4, 761

oncosphere 14 oocysts 46

coccidian 46 faecal counts 70, 836 faecal samples 836 identification keys 838-47 sporulated 45,46 unsporulated 46

Ophidascaris 666-7,810 Ophionyssus 38 Ophionyssus lacertinus 671 Ophionyssus mabuya 671 Ophionyssus natricis 670, 671 Ophionyssus serpentium see Ophionyssus

natricis Ophioptidae 37 Opiloacariformes 30 Opisthorchiidae 12 Opisthorchis albidus see Metorchis

albidus Opisthorchis felineus 405,406 Opisthorchis sinensis 404-5, 406 Opisthorchis tenuicollis see Opisthorchis

felineus

Index

" Opisthorchis viverrini see Opisthorchis

felineus opposums 300 oral preparations, insecticides 787 order 1 organochlorines (OCs) 782 organophosphates (OPs) 776, 782

anthelminthic 779-80 application methods 785, 786-7

oriental latrine fly 730 oriental liver fluke 404-5 oriental lung fluke 400-1 oriental rat flea 640-1 oriental sore, dry 435-6 Orientobilharzia turkstanicum see

Schistosoma turkestanica ornate cow tick see Dermacentor

reticulatus ornidazole 791 Ornithobius spp 527 Ornithodoros 24,681-4,830 Ornithodoros erraticus (marocanus)

682 Ornithodoros hermsi 682 Ornithodoros lahorensis 684 Ornithodoros moubata 683 Ornithodoros parkeri 683 Ornithodoros porcinus porcinus 683 Ornithodoros rudis 684 Ornithodoros savignyi 683 Ornithodoros tholozani 683-4 Ornithodoros turicata 672, 684 Ornithonyssus 38 Ornithonyssus bacoti 635, 831 Ornithonyssus bursa 531,831 Ornithonyssus sylviarum 529-31, 831,

833 Ornithostrongylus quadriradiatus 654 Oshimaia taiwana see Avioserpens

taiwana Oslerus osleri 397-8 Ostertagia 2, 7 Ostertagia, identification 801, 805 Ostertagia circumcincta see Teladorsagia

circum,cincta Ostertagia crimensis see Ostertagia

leptospicularis Ostertagia leptospicularis 54, 58-9, 158,

559,572,584 Ostertagia lyrata see Ostertagia ostertagi Ostertagia marshalli see Marshallagia

marshalli Ostertagia ostertagi 54-8, 559, 804 Ostertagia spiculoptera see

Spiculopteragia spiculoptera Ostertagia tricuspis see Marshallagia

.marshalli Ostertagia trifurcata 153, 154, 155 ostertagiosis

acquired immunity 772 bovine 54-8

epidemiology 56-7,769 fasciolosis co-infection 87 treatment and control 57-8 type I 55, 56, 57 type II 55, 56-7

host resistance 770

ovine and caprine 153-8 epidemiology 154-5 treatment and control 155-8

plasma pepsinogen test 55, 154, 812 ostrich 661-6, 676-8 ostrich louse 665 Otobius 34 Otobius 684-5, 830 Otobius lagophilus 685 Otobius megnini 684-5 Otodectes 36, 831 Otodectes cynotis 440-2, 832, 834 oviduct flukes 518-19 ' oxfendazole 358, 666, 776-7 oxibendazole 776-7 oxyclozanide 88, 778-9 Oxyspirura mansoni (parvorum)

517-18 oxytetracycline 108,298, 299, 423, 792 Oxyuris equi 286-7,806 Oxyuroidea 2, 8

see also pinworms 'Oyurid' egg 810

Pacific coast tick see Dermacentor. occidentalis

pancreatic parasites (flukes) camels 578 cattle 91 pigs 339 sheep and goats 211-12

panic reactions cattle 135, 137 sheep 194

Parabronema skrjabini 59, 163, 559, 572 Paradeletrocephalus minor 663 Para filaria bovicola 129-30, 743, 769 Para filaria multipapillosa 304-5 Paragonimus kellicotti 401 Paragonimus westermani 400-1 paralysis tick 691 Paramecium 667 Parametorchis complexus 406 Paramphistomidae 12 Paramphistomum cervi 52-3, 153, 558,

805 Paramphistomum cotylophorum see

Cotylophoron cotylophorum Paramphistomum explanatum see

Paramphistomum cervi Paramphistomum microbothrium 53,

153 Paramphistomum streptocoelium see

Ceylonocotyle streptocoelium paranagana 100-1,213-14,294-5,340,

416, 580 Paranoplocephala mamillana 270 Parascaris equorum 267-8, 806 parasitic bronchitis 80-4 parasitic gastroenteritis (PGE) 54,

155-8 Parasitiformes 30 Paraspidodera uncinata 619 Parastrigea robusta 474 Parastrongylus cantonensis see

Angiostrongylus cantonensis parbendazole 776-7

Parelaphostrongylus tenuis 566, 587-8 parenteral treatment, pesticides 786 parmomycin 792 Paronchocerca struthionis 664 parrots 494 parthenogony 11 partridges

coccidiosis 492 parasite checklist 552-3

parturition host immunity during 765 timing 766

parvaquone 418, 789 Passalurus ambiguus 605, 809 Pasteurella tularensis see Francisella

tularensis pasture

burning 686 larval counts 812-13 management 58, 157-8, 273, 686-7,

766 recovery of ticks 828 rotational cropping 766

pasture fever 115, 217-18, 420-1 Pearsonema plica see Capillaria plica pediculosis 27

avian 522-7 bovine 137-41 dogs and cats 436-9 equine 306-7 pigs 347-8 sheep and goats 228-31 see also lice

pedipalps 30 Peloderma see Rhabditis pentamidine 787 Pentastomida 16-17,38 Pentatrichomonas 667 Pentatrichomonas hominis (felis) 395 Pentostam 787 pepsin/hydrochloride solution 800 pepsinogen, plasma 55, 154, 812 periparturient period, reduced host

immunity 765, 767 periparturient rise (PPR), faecal egg

counts 7, 155 Peripylaria 44 permethrin 782-3, 786 Persian relapsing fever 684 pesticides see ectoparasiticides pet animals, pesticide application

methods 786-7 Petrovinema see Cylicostephanus Petroviprocta vigissi see Avioserpens

taiwana Phaenicia see Lucilia Pharyngomyia picta 561 pheasants

coccidiosis 489-92 parasite checklist 550-1

phenamidine 417, 418, 788 phenathridiums 790 phenidium chloride 790 phenols, substituted 776, 778-9 phenothiazine 780 phenylpyrazoles 783 Philopteridae 29, 826

Index

Phlebotomus spp (phlebotomine sandflies) 24,761-3

identification 816, 817 Leishmania transmission 44,407,408,

436, 762-3 phoresy 28, 137, 228 Phormia 26, 734, 823 Phormia regina 244-5,246,820,821 phosmet 145, 782 Phthiraptera 27-9

see also lice phylum 1 Physaloptera praeputialis 359-60 Physaloptera rara 360 Physocephalus sexalatus 319,807 pig kidney worm 118-19,342::-3 pigeon flea 660 pigeon fly 659-60 pigeon tick 660-1,681 pigeons 652-61

ectoparasites 659-61 parasite checklist 673-5

pigs 316-55 ectoparasites 347-51, 355 endoparasites 316-47 helminth eggs 807 identification of oocysts 844, 845 parasite checklist 352-3 pesticide application methods 785-6

Pilobolus 81, 83, 290, 766 Pimeliaphilus 671 pink eye 743 pinworms (oxyurid worms)

equine 286-8 rabbit 605 rabbits 605 rats and mice 629-30 reptiles 667 sheep and goats 188

piperazines 619,629,776,779 piperonyl butoxide (PBO) 785 Piroplasmorina 48 piroplasmosis

canine 416-18, 704 equine- 296

piroplasms 48 Plagiorchidae 13 Plagiorchis arcuatus 519 plague 640, 720 plasma pepsinogen test 55, 154, 812 Plasmodiidae 47-8 Plasmodioides 512 Plasmodium 40, 47-8

avian sub genera 512 transmission 756, 757

Plasmodium anasum 515 Plasmodium circumflexum 515 Plasmodium dissanaikeri 515 Plasmodium durae (japonicum) 515 Plasmodium fallax 515 Plasmodium formosanum 515 Plasmodium gabaldoni 515 Plasmodium gallinaceum (metataticum)

512-14 Plasmodium hegneri 515 Plasmodium juxtanucleare (japonicum)

514-15

Plasmodium kempi 515 Plasmodium leanucleus 515 Plasmodium lophurae 515 Plasmodium nucleophilum 515 Plasmodium pediocetti 515 Plasmodium pinotti 515 Plasmodium polare 515 Plasmodium rouxi 515 Plasmodium struthionis 665 Plasmodium vaughani 515 Platyhelminthes 10-15 Platynosomum fastosum 405-6, 406 plerocercoids 15 Pneumocystis 49 Pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci) 84-5,

402-3 pneumocystosis 84-5 pneumonia, verminous 80-4 Pneumonyssus 38 Pneumonyssus caninum 401, 831 Pollenia stygia see Calliphora stygia Polydelphus 666-7 Polymorphidae 10

867

Polymorphus boschadis (minutus) 474 Polyplacidae 28, 826 Polyplax 28,825, 826 Polyp lax serrata 639 Polyp lax spinulosa 637-8 Porrocaecum crassum 468 post-parturient rise, faecal egg counts

7 posterior station development 42 Postharmostomum commutatum

(gallinarum) 500 Poteriostomum 272 Poteriostomum imparidentatum 279 Poteriostomum ratzii 279-80 Potomac horse fever 297-8 poultry 459-534

antiprotozoal administration 792 drug resistance 795-7 ectoparasites 522-34, 539, 543 endoparasites 459-521 helminth eggs 809 identification of oocysts 847 insecticides 787 parasite checklists 535-49 see also chickens; ducks; turkeys

poultry caecal worm 495-6 poultry red mite 528-9 pour-on ectoparasiticides 786 praziquantel 780

cattle 92 dogs and cats 380, 405, 406 horses 269 pigs 327 poultry and gamebirds 518 sheep and goats 210

pregnancy, host immunity during 765, 767

premunity 767-8 prepatent period 6 preservation, arthropods 835 prestomum 25 primaquine 419, 514-15, 789 pro-benzimidazoles 776-7 Probstmayria vivipara 287-8

868

procercoid 15 ProfilicoWs see Polymorphus boschadis proglottids 13, 14 prokaryotic organisms 38 promastigotes 41 Promyialges spp 533 propetamphos 782 propoxur 783 Prosthogonimidae 13 Prosthogonimus macrorchis 518-19 Prosthogonimus ovatus 519 Prosthogonimus pellucidus

(intercalandus, cuneatus) 518 Pro stigmata see Trombidiformes protein, dietary intake 767 Proteromonas 667 Protista 38-50 protonymph 35 Protophormia 26,823 Protophormia terraenovae 245-6, 820,

821 Protostrongylus brevispiculum 197 Protostrongylus davtiani 197 Protostrongylus rufescens 196, 197, 562 Protostrongylus rushi 197 Protostrongylus skrjabini 197 Protostrongylus stilesi 197 Protozoa 38-50

classification 40, 41 organisms similar to 49-50 structure and function 39-40

protozoan infections acquired immunity 773-4 epidemiology 764, 765, 766, 768 laboratory diagnosis 836-47 treatment and control see

antiprotozoals protozoology 38-50 proventriculus parasites

pigeons 652-4 poultry and gamebirds 462-5

Przhevalskiana ageratum see Przhevalskiana silenis

Przhevalskiana silenis 227-8 Pseudamphistomum truncatum 406 Pseudo discus coWnsi 288 Pseudolynchia canariensis 659-60 Pseudophyllidea 15 pseudopodia 39 psocidlice 68,174,175 Psorergates 37 Psorergates bos 142-3 Psorergates bovis 142-3 Psorergates ovis 235-7, 835 Psorergates simplex 638, 835 Psorergatidae 37, 835 Psorobia ovis see Psorergates ovis Psoroptes 36, 832 Psoroptes aucheniae see Psoroptes ovis Psoroptes bovis see Psoroptes ovis Psoroptes cervinus see Psoroptes ovis Psoroptes communis var ovis see

Psoroptes ovis Psoroptes cuniculi 613, 614

see also Psoroptes ovis Psoroptes equi see Psoroptes ovis Psoroptes natalensis 143

Index

Psoroptes ovis 143, 232-5, 588-9, 613-14,624,834

Psoroptidae 36, 832 Psychodidae 24, 816 Pterolichidae 36 Pterolichus bolus 533 Pterygosamidae 37,671 Pulex irritans 720-1,826,827 Pulex simulans 720 Pulicidae 30 pulvilli 20, 35 pupa 21 Pycnomonas 43 Pycnotrichidae 49 Pyemotes tritic! 832 Pyemotidae 37,832 pyometra 119-20 pyrantal 269, 777 pyrethroids, synthetic (SPs) 782-3

application methods 785,786 pyridine derivatives 789 pyrimethamine 301, 433, 790 pyrimidine derivatives 784-5, 789-90 pyriproxyfen 785 pyrithidium bromide 102, 295 pyrithridium 790 Pythonella 46

Q fever see Coxiella burnetii quail

coccidiosis 492-3 parasite checklist 554-5

quarantine 156 Queensland itch 758 quill mites 533, 665-6 quinacrine 789 quinapyramine 790, 793

camels 579 cattle 100 dogs 415 horses 293, 294, 302

quinine 789 quinuronium sulphate 788

rabbit ear tick 685 rabbit flea 616-17,721 rabbit fur mite 614-16 rabbit pinworm 605 rabbit strongyle 604 rabbit tick 705-6 rabbits 604-18

ectoparasites 613-18 helminth eggs 809 identification of oocysts 846 parasite checklist 643-5

Radfordia affinis 637 Radfordia ensifera 637 rafoxanide 778-9 Raillientina 809 Raillientina cestic!llus 470-1 Raillientina echinobothrida 470, 471 Raillientina tetragona 471, 472, 654 rat lungworm 631-2 rat pinworm 630 rat-tail 286-7 rat tapeworm 625-6 ratites 661-6, 676-8

rats 624-42 ectoparasites 635-42 helminth eggs 810 immunity to helminth infections 771 parasite checklist 648-9

red-legged tick see Rhipicephalus evertsi red louse 138, 229-30 red lungworm 197 Red Masai sheep 771 red scourge, human 431 red stomach worm 316-17 rediae 11 Reduviidae 22, 725-6 redwater fever 107-8, 711 reindeer throat bot 560-1 reindeer warble 569-70 reinfection syndrome, parasitic

bronchitis 84 relapsing fever, tick-borne 682, 683,

684 relapsing fever tick 672, 684 reproductive/urogenital system parasites

cattle 118-21 dogs and cats 429-31 horses 301-2 pigs 342-3 poultry and gamebirds 518-20 rats and mice 634 sheep and goats 221-3

reptiles 666-72 ectoparasites 670-2 helminths 666-7,810 nematodes 666-7,670 protozoa 667-70

resin strips, pesticide-impregnated 785 resistance, antiparasitics

anthelmintics 793 antiprotozoals 795-7 pesticides 794-5

resistance, parasitic disease 770-5 acquired immunity 771-5 innate 770-1 see also immunity

respiratory system parasites camelids 587 camels 576-7 cattle 80-5 deer 560-3 dogs and cats 395-403 horses 289-90 pigeons 656-7 pigs 337-8 poultry and gamebirds 505-8 rabbits 611 rats and mice 631-2 sheep and goats 192-201

Retortamonadorididae 44 Retortamonas cuniculi 610-11 Retortamonas ovis 79, 192 Rhabdias spp 667,670 Rhabditis 2, 8, 305-6 Rhabditis strongyloides 433 Rhabditoidea 2, 5-6, 8 rhea 661-6,676-8 Rhinoestrus purpureus 289 Rhinonyssidae 38,831 Rhipicephalus 34,687,709-12,829,830

Rhipicephalus appendiculatus 109-10, 113, 115, 709-10

Rhipicephalus bursa 215, 216, 217, 710 Rhipicephalus capensis 710 Rhipicephalus evertsi 217,710-11 Rhipicephalus muhsamae 712 Rhipicephalus praetextatus 712 Rhipicephalus pulchellus 113,711-12 Rhipicephalus sanguineus 711, 712

Babesia transmission 416, 417, 418 Ehrlichia transmission 423, 426 Hepatozoon transmission 410 Rickettsia transmission 219,426

Rhipicephalus senegalensis 712 Rhipicephalus simeus 712 Rhodnius bugs 725-6 Rhynchophthirina 27, 29 Rickettsia 49-50, 836 Rickettsia 49 Rickettsia aeschlimanii 708 Rickettsia conorii

cattle 117 dogs 426 rabbits 612 sheep and goats 219-20 tick vectors 695, 710, 712

Rickettsia felis 426-7 Rickettsia rickettsii 425-6, 694, 698,

699 Rickettsia sibirica 702 Rickettsia tsutsugamushi 636 Rickettsia typhi 640 Rickettsiaceae 49 Rickettsiae 49 Rickettsiales

avian 516-17 cattle 113-17 deer 565 dogs and cats 420-7 horses 297-9 sheep and goats 217-20

ricobendazole 776-7 Rinadia mathevossiani 559 river blindness 9, 24, 761 robenidine 789 Rochalimaea 49 Rocky Mountain spotted fever see

Rickettsia rickettsii Rocky Mountain wood tick see

Dermacentor andersoni Rodentolepis 15,810 Rodentolepis (Hymenolepis) nana 625,

640 rodents see guinea pigs; mice; rats ronidazole 791 ronnel 782 roost mite 528-9 Rossicotrema donicum 372 roundworms see Nematoda roup 460-1, 652-3 roxarsone 787 rumen flukes 52-3, 153, 558 rumen gullet worm 51, 152-3, 558, 571 rumen/reticulum parasites

cattle 51-4 sheep and goats 152-3

russet tick 693

Index

salicylanilides 776, 778-9 salinomycin 792 Salivaria 42-3, 96-102 salmon poisoning 371 sand flea 724-5 sand tampans 682-4 sandflies 24, 761-3

see also Phlebotomus spp Sarcocystiidae 47 Sarcocystis 47

cattle 124 dogs and cats 388-9 horses 303 reptiles 670 ungulates 568, 581, 588

Sarcocystis alceslatranis 568 Sarcocystis aucheniae 588 Sarcocystis bertrami see Sarcocystis

equicanis Sarcocystis besnoiti see Besnoitia besnoiti Sarcocystis bovicanis 124-5, 386, 389 Sarcocystis bovifelis 124, 125-6, 386, 391 Sarcocystis bovihominis U4, 126 Sarcocystis cameli 386, 390-1, 581 Sarcocystis capracanis 226, 227, 386, 390 Sarcocystis capreolicanis 568 Sarcocystis cervicanis 568 Sarcocystis cruzi see Sarcocystis

bovicanis Sarcocystis cuniculi 386, 613 Sarcocystis equicanis 303, 386, 390 Sarcocystis falcatula 300 Sarcocystis fayeri 303, 386, 390 Sarcocystis fusiformis see Sarcocystis

bovicanis Sarcocystis gallinarum see Sarcocystis

hovarthi Sarcocystis gigantea see Sarcocystis

ovifelis Sarcocystis gracilis 568 Sarcocystis grueneri 568 Sarcocystis guanicocanis 588 Sarcocystis heydorni 386 Sarcocystis hircicanis 226, 227, 386, 390 Sarcocystis hircifelis 226-7, 386 Sarcocystis hirsuta see Sarcocystis

bovifelis Sarcocystis hofmani 568 Sarcocystis hominis see Sarcocystis

bovihominis Sarcocystis hovarthi 386, 390, 520 Sarcocystis ippeni 581 Sarcocystis jorrini 568 Sarcocystis lamacenis 588 Sarcocystis medusiformis see Sarcocystis

ovifelis Sarcocystis miescheriana see Sarcocystis

suicanis Sarcocystis moulei see Sarcocystis

hircifelis Sarcocystis muris 386 Sarcocystis neurona 300-1 Sarcocystis ovicanis 224-5, 386, 389-90 Sarcocystis ovifelis 225-6, 386, 391 Sarcocystis porcicanis see Sarcocystis

suicanis Sarcocystis porcifelis 346, 386, 391

869

Sarcocystis porcihominis see Sarcocystis suihominis

Sarcocystis randiferi 568 Sarcocystis rangi 568 Sarcocystis suicanis 346, 386, 390 Sarcocystis suifelis see Sarcocystis

porcifelis Sarcocystis suihominis 346, 347 Sarcocystis sybillensis 568 Sarcocystis tarandivulpis 568 Sarcocystis tenella see Sarcocystis

ovicanis; Sarcocystis ovifelis Sarcocystis tiopodi 588 Sarcocystis wapiti 568 sarcocystosis

bovine 124-6 deer 568 dogs and cats 386, 388-91 horses 303 pigs 345-7 sheep and goats 224-7 treatment 790

Sarcodina 40 Sarcomastigophora 40-4, 41 Sarcophaga 24, 737, 738, 823 Sarcophaga carnaria 816 Sarcophagidae 24, 26, 726, 816, 823 Sarcoptes scabiei

cattle 145 dogs and cats 442-3 horses 308 identification 832, 833 pigs 348-50 rabbits 616 sheep and goats 237 ungulates 570, 583, 589 vs. Trixicarus caviae 623, 624

Sarcoptidae 36, 832 Sarcoptiformes 30, 36, 828 scab, sheep 233-4,235 scab mite see Psoroptes ovis scabies see Sarcoptes scabiei scaly leg mite 532-3 Scapothrix 671 Schistosoma 12 Schistosoma bovis 91-3,212,579 Schistosoma incognitum see Schistosoma

suis Schistosoma indicum 95, 213, 292 Schistosoma japonicum 212-13, 292, 339 Schistosoma mansoni 772 Schistosoma mattheei 94, 213, 579 Schistosoma nasalae see Schistosoma

nasalis Schistosoma nasalis 94, 213, 292 Schistosoma spindale 95, 292, 339 Schistosoma suis 339 Schistosoma turkestanica 95, 213, 292 Schistosomatidae 12 schistosomes, host resistance 772, 773 schizogony 40,45,46 schizont 40, 46 Schizophora 814 Schizotrypanum 43 Schultzitrichonema see

Cylicodontophorus; Cylicostephanus

870

sclerites 17 scolex 13, 15 screwwo=s 727-30,736-7 scrub itch mite 714-15 scrub typhus mite 636 scutum 32 seasonal development, infective stages

766 seasonal equine pruritic de=atitis 758 seasonal fluctuations, numbers of

infective stages 764-6 secondary screwwo= 728 sedimentation methods, eggs and larvae

799-800 selamectin 414, 778, 783 self-cure phenomenon 160-1, 771 semduramicin 792 Serpenticola serpentium see Ophionyssus

natricis Setaria 9 Setaria cervi 130-1 Setaria congolensis 757 Setaria digitatus 131 Setaria equina 305, 757 Setaria labiato-papillosa 130-1, 757 sex differences, host susceptibility 769 shaft louse, avian 526-7 shaft mites 665-6 shampoos, insecticide 786 Shasta River crud 297-8 sheep 152-246

alternate grazing with cattle 58, 157-8

anthelminthic resistance 793-4 breed resistance 768,771 ectoparasites 228-46, 251-2 endoparasites 152-228 faecal egg counts 804 identification of Eimeria oocysts 840,

841 immunity to disease 772 parasite checklist 247-50 pesticide application methods 785-6

sheep blow flies 733 see also Lucilia

sheep body louse 230 sheep foot louse 230 sheep head fly 742-3 sheep itch mite 235-7 sheep ked 214,219,238-9,814 sheep lungwo= 195-7 sheep 'measles' 224,381-2 sheep nasal bot 192-5, 577 sheep scab 233-4, 235 sheep tick see Dermacentor marginatus;

Ixodes ricinus short-nosed louse 28, 139 shoulder tick 692 Sicarius uncinipenis see Spirura

uncinipenis Sideroferus lunula 533 Simondsia paradoxa 319-20 Simuliidae 24, 816 Simulium spp (black flies) 24,759-61

identification 817 Leucocytozoon transmission 511, 512,

761

Index

Onchocerca transmission 123,127, 128, 761

Siphonaptera 29-30, 715-25 see also fleas

skin fluke 521 skin scrapings/biopsies 831, 837 Skrjabinagia 803 Skrjabinagia kolchida see Ostertagia

leptospicularis Skrjabinagia lyrata see Ostertagia . ostertagi Skrjabinema 2, 8 Skrjabinema alata 188 Skrjabinema caprae 188 Skrjabinema ovis 188, 586 Skrjabinia cesticillus see Raillientina

cesticillus Skrjabinotrema ovis 175 sleeping sickness, human 100 slender pigeon louse 659 slugs 198, 396, 399, 633 slurry, transfer of infection via 769 small equine pinwo= 287-8 small intestinal parasites

cattle 60-75 deer 559, 560 dogs and cats 361-93 horses 266-71 pigeons 654-6 pigs 320-32 poultry and gamebirds 467-95 sheep and goats 163-84

small lanceolate fluke 90,208-10,587 smalllungwo=s 198-9,562-3 snails, as inte=ediate hosts

avian caecal flukes 500 avian oviduct flukes 518, 519 avian skin fluke 521 avian tapewo=s 470 Bilharziella polonica 510 bovine liver flukes 86, 88-9 control measures 53,89,93,206-7 deer liver flukes 563, 564 dog and cat liver flukes 404, 405, 406 Elaphostrongylus cervi 565 heartwo=s 410 intestinal flukes 288, 327, 333, 370-1,

474 lung flukes 400, 507 lungwo=s 197, 198, 199, 396-7, 399,

562-3,632 pancreatic flukes 91, 211 rumen flukes 52, 153 Schistosoma 92, 93, 94, 95, 212, 213,

292, 579 sheep and goat liver flukes 201, 202,

204-6,208,209 transport to new areas 769

snake mite 670, 671 snakes 666-72,810 snoring disease 94, 213, 292 sodium antimony gluconate 787 sodium stibogluconate 787 sodium thiosulphate solution 800 Solenopotes 28, 825, 826 Solenopotes binipilosus 570 Solenopotes burmeisteri 570

Solenopotes capillatus 140-1 Solenopotes capreoli 570 Solenopotes ferrisi 570 Solenopotes muntiacus 570 Solenopotes tarandi 570 sore head 212,567,582 souma 101-2, 214, 580 southern cattle tick 697 sparganosis 379 species 1

host specificity 768, 770 Sphaerechinorhynchus 810 Spiculocaulis austriacus 199 Spiculopteragia asymmetrica 558-9 Spiculopteragia peruvianus 584 Spiculopteragia spiculoptera (bohmi)

559 Spilopsyllus cuniculi 616-17,721,827 spined rat louse 639 spinosad 783-4 spinose ear tick 684-5 spinosyns 783-4 spiny rat mite 633 spiracles 18 spiramycin 74,792 Spirocerca lupi 357-8, 808 Spirocerca sanguinolenta see Spirocerca

lupi Spirometra 15 Spirometra erinacei 374, 380 Spirometra mansoni 374, 379, 380 Spirometra mansonoides 374, 380 Spironucleus 44, 667 Spironucleus columbae 656 Spironucleus meleagridis 494-5 Spironucleus muris 629 Spirura ritypleurites 360 Spirura uncinipenis 662 Spirura zschokkei 662 spiruroid nematodes

pigeons 653 ratites 662

Spiruroidea 2, 8-9 splenomegaly, trypanosomiosis 97 sporoblast 45 sporocysts 11, 45, 46 sporogony 40 Sporozoa see Apicomplexa sporozoites 40, 45 sporulation 45 spot-on preparations, ectoparasiticides

786, 787 spray races 785 sprays, ectoparasiticide 786 spring rise, faecal egg counts 7 St Louis encephalitis virus 699, 757 stable flies 25, 219, 745-6 staggers 220-1, 381 stemmata 19 Stephanofilaria, fly vectors 741, 742 Stephanofilaria assamensis 132 Stephanofilaria dedoesi 132 Stephanofilaria kaeli 132 Stephanofilaria okinawaensis 132 Stephanofilaria stilesi 131-2 Stephanofilaria zaheeri 132 Stephanurus dentatus 118-19,342-3

stercoraria 42, 43, 102-3 Sternosoma 38 Sternosoma tracheacolum 831 steroid therapy 767 stibophen 579 'stickfast' fleas 30 sticktight flea 721-3,827 Stieda body 45 stigmata 18, 32, 34, 35 stilbamidine 787 Stilesia globipunctata 68,174,573 Stilesia hepatica 90, 210, 564 Stilesia vittata 574 stock

introduction of infected 769 introduction of susceptible 768-9 management 764, 766

stomach hairworm see Trichostrongylus axei

stomach parasites dogs and cats 358-61 horses 259-66 pigs 316-20

Stomoxys calcitrans 740, 741,745-6 disease transmission 219, 746 life cycle 21,745-6

strains, parasite 769 Streptocara 467 Strididae 474 Strigeidae 13 strobila 13 strobilocercus 14 Strobilocercus fasciolaris (crassicollis)

374, 383, 632-3 strongyles 8

large, equine 280-6 small, equine 272-80

Strongyloidea 2, 7-8 development 5-6 identification 801

Strongyloides 2, 8 faecal egg counts 804 host resistance 770 identification 801, 802, 810 reptiles 667

Strongyloides avium 498-9 Strongyloides canis see Strongyloides

stercoralis Strongyloides felis 370 Strongyloides intestinalis see

Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloides papillosus 65,171-2,573,

585, 805, 809 Strongyloides planiceps 370 Strongyloides ransomi 323-4, 807 Strongyloides ratti 810 Strongyloides stercoralis 369-70, 808 Strongyloides tumefaciens 370 Strongyloides westeri 266-7, 806 strongylosis, equine 272-86 Strongylus 2, 8, 280-3, 806 Strongylus anseris see Epomidiostomum

orispinum Strongylus edentatus 281-2 Strongylus equinus 282 Strongylus orispinum see

Epomidiostomum orispinum

Index

Strongylus tubaeformis see Ancylostoma tubaeforme

Strongylus uncinatus see Epomidiostomum anatinum

Strongylus vulgaris 282-3, 284 Struthiolipeurus nandu 665 Struthiolipeurus rhea 665 Struthiolipeurus stresemanni 665 Struthiolipeurus struthionis 665 sturdy 220-1, 381 subcutaneous filaroidosis 434, 578-9 subcutaneous mite 533-4, 658-9 submandibular oedema

cattle 65, 87 sheep and goats 170, 203

suborder 1 substituted aromatics 787-9 substituted phenols 776, 778-9 Subulura differens 498 Subulura suctoria (brumpti) 498 Suifilaria suis 347 Sulcascaris 666-7 sulphachloropyrazine 791 sulphadimidine 791 sulphaguanidine 791 sulphamethoxypyrizidine 791 sulphaquinoxaline 791 sulphonamides 791

birds 476,514-15,656 bovine coccidiosis 71, 78-9 rabbits 606

sulphonic acids 788-9 summer bleeding disease 129-30, 304-5 summer sores 259,260,304-5,744 superfamily 1 Suprapylaria 44 suramin 100, 293, 294, 579, 788, 793 surra 100,293-4,415-16,579,750 sweet itch 758, 759, 774 Syndyomita muris see Spironucleus muris Syngamus 8 Syngamus bronchialis 506-7 Syngamus laryngeus see

Mammomonogamus laryngeus Syngamus nasicola see

Mammomonogamus nasicola Syngamus trachea (parvis, gracilis)

505-6,656,664,809 synthetic pyrethroids see pyrethroids,

synthetic Syphacia muris 630,810 Syphacia obvelata 629, 630, 810 Syringophilidae 37 Syringophilus bipectinatus 533 systematics 1

T cells 772, 773 Tabanidae (horseflies) 24,748-51

identification 814,815, 816 trypanosome transmission 103

Tabanus 24,749,815,816 Tachinidae 816 Tachygonetra 810 tachypnoea, parasitic bronchitis 82, 84 Taenia 15

'Asian' 345 identification 808

Taenia cervi 374, 385, 567 Taenia crassiceps 374 Taenia crassicollis see Taenia

taeniaeformis Taenia hyaenae 374, 381, 581

871

Taenia hydatigena 90, 374, 379-81, 384, 564

metacestode stage 90, 210-11, 339 Taenia krabbei 374, 385, 567 Taenia marginata see Taenia hydatigena Taenia multiceps 220-1,374, 381, 384 Taenia ovis 224,374,381-2,384,774 Taenia pisiformis 374, 382-3, 384 Taenia saginata 121-3, 768, 774

asiatica 122 Taenia serialis 374, 383, 384, 611 Taenia skrjabini 374 Taenia solium 343-5, 428 Taenia taeniaeformis 374, 383-4, 632-3 Taeniidae 15 taiga tick 691 tail bands, pesticide-impregnated 786 tail louse 139-40 tapeworms see Cestoda tartar emetic 787 taxon 1 taxonomy 1-50 Teladorsagia 793, 811 Teladorsagia circumcincta

laboratory diagnosis 804, 811 sheep and goats 153-8 ungulates 559, 572, 584

Teladorsagia davtian 153, 154, 155 Terameres 809 terrapins 666-72 tetrachlorvinphos 782 tetracyclines 792

cattle 114, 116 dogs 423, 425 horses 299 poultry and gamebirds 517

tetrahydropyrimidines 776, 777 Tetrameres 8 Tetrameres americana 462-3, 653 Tetrameres confusa 463 Tetrameres crami 463 Tetrameres jissisp ina 463, 653 Tetrameres mohtedai 463 Tetrameres pattersoni 463 tetramisole 777 tetrathyridium 14 Tetratrichomonas 41,44 Tetratrichomonas anatis 504 Tetratrichomonas anseris 504-5 Tetratrichomonas buttreyi 79, 335 Tetratrichomonas canistomae 356 Tetratrichomonas felistomae 356-7 Tetratrichomonas gallinarum 503, 504 Tetratrichomonas microti 631 Tetratrichomonas ovis 192 Tetratrichomonas pavlovi 79 Texas cattle fever 104-5, 697 Texas cattle fever tick 696-7 thaga 100,293-4,415-16,579 Theileria 48, 217 Theileria annulata 111-12, 708, 709 Theileria buffeli 112

872

Theileria camelensis 580 Theileria cervi 565 Theileria dromederi 580 Theileria (Babesia) equi 296-7,705,708,

709, 710, 711, 712 Theileria felis see Cytauxzoon cati Theileria hirci 216,217 Theileria lawrencei 710 Theileria lestoquardi see Theileria hirci Theileria mutans 112, 703, 711 Theileria orientalis complex 112 Theileria ovis 216-17,703,710 Theileria parva 109-11, 710, 711

lawrencei 11 0 parva 110

Theileria recondita 217 Theileria separata 217 Theileria sergenti 112 Theileria tarandi see Theileria cervi Theileria taurotragi 112-13 Theileria velifera 113 Theileriidae 48 theileriosis

acquired immunity 774 benign, of small ruminants 216-7 bovine 108-13

benign 112 camels 580 deer 565 horses 296-7 laboratory diagnosis 836, 837 malignant, of small ruminants 216 sheep and goats 215-17 treatment 789

Thelazia 8-9,743 Thelazia alfortensis 118 Thelazia californiensis 428 Thelazia callipaeda 427-8 Thelazia gulosa 118 Thelazia lacrymalis 299-300 Thelazia leesi 580-1 Thelazia rhodesi 117-18,581 Thelazia skrjabini 118 thiabendazole 776-7 thiacetarsamide 413, 780 thiophanate 776-7 Thogoto virus 710 thorny-headed wo=s 10,326-7,385,

474-5 thread-necked worms 63-4,167-70 threadworms

bladder 634 dogs and cats 369-70 horses 266-7 pigs 323-4 poultry and gamebirds 459-60, 498-9 sheep and goats 171-2

throat bot fly 265 thrombocytopenia, canine infectious

420-1 Thysaniezia giardia see Thysaniezia

ovilla Thysaniezia ovilla 68, 174, 573 Thysanosoma actinoides 68-9,174-5 Thysanosomidae 15 tick-borne fever 115,217-18,420-1 tick-borne infections, multiple 218

Index

tick-borne relapsing fever 682, 683, 684 tick paralysis 690, 691, 692, 698 tick pyaemia 690 tick toxicosis 683, 706, 707, 709, 710 tick typhus

Indian, east African see Rickettsia conorii

Queensland 691 Siberian 702

tick vectors avian rickettsiae 517 bovine Babesia spp 103, 104, 106,

107-8 bovine theileriosis 109-10, 111-12,

113 canine Babesia spp 416-17,418 canine hepatozoonosis 409,410,433 canine rickettsiae 423, 424, 425, 426 control 108,112,116-17,423 Dipetalonema spp 434, 435 equine theileriosis 297 other Babesia spp 215,295-6, 340-1 ovine and caprine theileriosis 216,

217 rickettsiae 114, 115, 218, 219

tick worry 705 ticks 679-712

acaricides see acaricides breed resistance 768-9, 771 camelids 603 camels 583-4, 599 cattle 151 deer 594 dogs and cats 452, 458 hard 32-4, 685-712 horses 315 identification 828-30 immunity 774 inornate 34 insecticide resistance 796 life cycles 33, 34 ornate 32 ostrich 678 pigeons 660-1,675 pigs 355 poultry 539, 543 reptiles 671-2 sheep and goats 252, 258 soft 32,34,679-85 taxonomy and morphology 16, 30,

31-4 tinadazole 791 toltrazuril 329,476, 791 tongue worm 401-2 torsalo 735-6 tortoise tick 706-7 tortoises 666-72 Toxascaris leonina 365, 808 Toxascaris limbata see Toxascaris

leonina Toxocara canis 361-3,770,808 Toxocara cati see Toxocara mystax Toxocara malayiensis 364-5 Toxocara mystax (cati) 363-4, 770, 808 Toxocara vitulorum 65-6, 769, 770, 805 Toxoplasma 47, 670 Toxoplasma gondii

birds 520 camels 581-2 cats and dogs 386, 431-2 cattle 126 horses 302-3 host susceptibility 767 pigs 345 rabbits 613 sheep and goats 221-3 vaccine 223

toxoplasmosis host susceptibility 767, 768 immunity 774 laboratory diagnosis 836

tozaphene 782 tracheae 18 tracheal wo= 395-6 tree crickets 91, 211 Trematoda 10-13

anthelminthics see flukicides examination of faeces for 798, 799 recovery 812

trench fever 49 Triatoma bugs 725-6 triazine derivatives 784-5 triazones 791 Trichina spiralis see Trichinella spiralis Trichinella 9-10, 326 Trichinella britovi 326 Trichinella murrelli 326 Trichinella nativa 325, 326 Trichinella nelsoni 326 Trichinella papuae 326 Trichinella pseudospiralis 326 Trichinella spiralis 302, 324-6 Trichinella zimbabwensis 326 trichlorophon 132, 725, 779, 780, 782 Trichocephalus globulosa see Trichuris

globulosa Trichocephalus ovis see Trichuris ovis Trichocephalus suis see Trichuris suis Trichocephalus vulpis see Trichuris

vulpis Trichodectes 29,"825,826 Trichodectes canis 438-9 Trichodectes parumpilosus see Bovicola

equi Trichodectidae 29, 826 Tricholipeurus indicus 570 Trichomitus rotunda 335 Trichomonadidae 44 Trichomonas 44, 667 Trichomonas anatis see Tetratrichomonas

anatis Trichomonas anseris see

Tetratrichomonas anseris Trichomonas bovis see Tetratrichomonas

pavlovi Trichomonas buttreyi see .

Tetratrichomonas buttreyi; Trichomitus rotunda

Trichomonas canistomae see Tetratrichomonas canistomae

Trichomonas columbae see Trichomonas gallinae

Trichomonas criceti see Tritrichomonas muris

Trichomonas eberthi see Tritrichomonas eberthi

Trichomonas felis see Pentatrichomonas hominis

Trichomonas foetus see Tritrichomonas foetus

Trichomonas gallinae 460-1,652-3 Trichomonas gallinarum see

Tetratrichomonas gallinarum Trichomonas intestinaUs see

Pentatrichomonas hominis Trichomonas microti see

Tetratrichomonas microti Trichomonas ovis see Tetratrichomonas

ovis Trichomonas pavlovi see

Tetratrichomonas pavlovi Trichomonas pullorum see

Tetratrichomonas gallinarum Trichomonas ruminatium see

Monocercomonas ruminatium . Trichomonas suis see Tritrichomonas suis trichomonosis, acquired immunity 773 Trichonema see Cyathostomum;

Cylicocyclus trichonemes see cyathostomins Trichosomoides crasicauda 634 trichostrongyle infections, aids to

diagnosis 812-13 Trichostrongyloidea 2, 7

development 5-6 identification 801

Trichostrongylus 2, 162, 163-6 acquired immunity 772 drug resistance 793 faecal egg counts 804 identification 801, 802, 805, 811, 811

Trichostrongylus affinus 166 Trichostrongylus axei

cattle 59 horses 261 identification 164, 801, 806 pigs 320 plasma pepsinogen test 812 sheep and goats 161-2 ungulates 559, 572, 584

Trichostrongylus capricola 164, 166 Trichostrongylus colubriformis

cattle 60 sheep and goats 162, 164, 165, 771 ungulates 573, 585

Trichostrongylus drepanoformis 166 Trichostrongylus extenuatus see

Trichostrongylus axei Trichostrongylus falculatus 164, 166 Trichostrongylus instabiUs see

Trichostrongylus colubriformis Trichostrongylus longispicularis 60, 164,

166,560,573,585 Trichostrongylus probolurus 166, 573 Trichostrongylus retortaeformis 164, 166,

604-5,809 Trichostrongylus rugatus 164, 166 Trichostrongylus tenuis 664, 809 Trichostrongylus vitrinus

sheep and goats 162,163, 164, 165-6 ungulates 560, 573, 585

Index

Trichuris 9 identification 801, 803, 805, 808

Trichuris campanula 394 Trichuris capreoli 560 Trichuris discolor 77, 189 Trichuris globulosa 76-7, 560, 574 Trichuris leporis 809 Trichuris muris 630, 810 Trichuris ovis 188-9, 560, 574, 586 Trichuris serrata 394 Trichuris skrjabini 189 Trichuris suis 333-4, 807 Trichuris trichiura 334 Trichuris vulpis 393-4 Trichuroidea 2, 9-10 triclabendazole 88,206,776-7 triflumuron 784 Trimenopon hispidium 622 Trimenoponidae 29 trimethoprim 790 trimethoprim/sulphadiazine 301, 328,

403, 433 Trinoton spp 527 Triodontophorus 8, 280, 284-6 Triodontophorus brevicauda 284-5 Triodontophorus minor 285 Triodontophorus nipponicus 285 Triodontophorus serratus 285 Triodontophorus tenuicollis 284, 285-6 tritonymph 35 Tritrichomonas 44 Tritrichomonas caviae 619-20 Tritrichomonas eberthi 504 Tritrichomonas enteritis 79 Tritrichomonas foetus 119-20 Tritrichomonas minuta 631 Tritrichomonas muris 631 Tritrichomonas (Mono cercomonas)

ruminatium 53 Tritrichomonas suis 335 Tritrichomonas wenyoni 631 Trixicarus caviae 623-4, 832, 833 Troglotrema salmincola see Nanophyetus

salmincola Troglotrematidae 12 Trombicula 37,713-15 Trombicula (Eutrombicula) alfreddugesi

714 Trombicula autumnalis see

Neotrombicula autumnalis Trombicula (Eutrombicula) sarcina

714-15 Trombicula (Eutrombicula) splendens 714 Trombiculidae 37,671,712-15,832 Trombidiforrnes (Prostigmata) 30,37,

671,828 trophozoites 40, 46 tropical bont tick 694-5 tropical canine pancytopenia 421-3 tropical cattle tick 697 tropical fowl mite 531 tropical horse tick 701 tropical large liver fluke see Fasciola

gigantica tropical rat mite 635 Tropisurus americana see Tetrameres

americana

Tropisurus fissispina see Tetrameres fissispina

trypan blue 105, 417, 788-9 trypanocidal drugs 793 Trypanosoma 42-3 Trypanosoma avium 516 Trypanosoma brucei

873

brucei 99-100,213,292-3, 339-40, 414-15, 579, 750

drug treatment 102, 293 equiperdum 100,301-2 evansi 42, 100, 293-4, 415-16, 579, 750 gambiense 100 laboratory diagnosis 836 rhodesiense 100

Trypanosoma congolense" camels 579-80 cattle 98, 100-1, 102 congolense 100-1,294-5,340,416,

579-80 dogs and cats 416 laboratory diagnosis 836 sheep and goats 213-14 simiae see Trypanosoma simiae

Trypanosoma cruzi 22, 39, 42, 725, 837 Trypanosoma equinum see Trypanosoma

brucei, evansi Trypanosoma equiperdum 100,301-2,

837 Trypanosoma evansi see Trypanosoma

brucei, evansi Trypanosoma gallinarum 516 Trypanosoma melophagum 214, 239 Trypanosoma nabiasi 617,721 Trypanosoma porci see Trypanosoma

simiae Trypanosoma rhodhaini see

Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma simiae 214, 340, 750 Trypanosoma suis 340 Trypanosoma theileri 102-3, 712 Trypanosoma vivax 101-2, 214, 750

drug treatment 102 laboratory diagnosis 836 transmission 42, 98 uniforme 102 viennei 102 vivax 102, 580

Trypanosomatidae 42-4 trypanosomes 41-3

metacyclic 99 morphology 39, 40-1 salivarian 42-3,96-102 stercorarian 42, 43, 102-3 transmission 41-2

trypanosomiosis 42-3, 752 acquired immunity 773 avian 516 camels 579-80 cattle 96-103 dogs and cats 414-16 drug resistance 797 drug treatment 787, 788, 790, 793 horses 292-5, 301-2 laboratory diagnosis 836, 837 pigs 339-40 sheep and goats 213-14

874

trypanotolerance 98-9, 770-1 Trypanozoon 43 tryparsamide 787 trypomastigotes 41, 99 tsetse flies (Glossina spp) 26, 750-2

control 752-3 disease transmission 42, 98, 293, 340,

752 distribution 98, 752 identification 815, 816 mouthparts 25, 751

tularaemia see Francisella tularensis tumbu flies 733-5 Tunga penetrans 724-5 turkeys

coccidiosis 484-7, 502 flies and ticks 543 Histomonas meleagridis 508-9 identification of oocysts 847 lice 522-7 parasite checklist 540-2 see also poultry

turning sickness 110 turtles 666-72 Typhlocoelum cucumerinum (obovlae)

507 Typhlocoelum cymbium 507 typhus

human 427 murine 640 see also tick typhus

Tyzzeria 46 Tyzzeria anseris 489 Tyzzeria perniciosa 488

Uncinaria stenocephala 368-9, 808 undulating membrane 39 ungulates 558-89

Index

ura 735-6 urea derivatives 788 urogenital system parasites see

reproductive/urogenital system parasites

vaccines 774-5 vampire bats 42, 294, 416 Vampirolepis nana see Rodentolepis

nana Varestrongylus capreoli 563 Varestrongylus sagittatus 563 Varestrongylus schulzi 199 variant antigen 98 variegated bont tick 694-5 Vaznema zschokkei see Spirura

zschokkei vectors, arthropod 679-763

transfer to new areas 769 trypanosome 41-2 xenodiagnosis 837

vena caval syndrome 412,413 ve=inous nodules 129-30 vesicular stomatitis, 763 761 vicuna 584-9,601-3

see also camelids visceral larva migrans 359,363,770

warble flies 26-7 bovine 133-7 deer 567-70 goat 227-8

waterfowl, lice 527 Wenyonella 46, 668 Wenyonella columbae 656 Wenyonella gallinae 501-2 Werneckiella equi equi see Bovicola equi west Nile virus 757

Western Australian brown blowfly 243-4

western black-legged tick 692-3 western equine encephalitis 757 wet feather 527 whipworms

cattle 76-7 dogs and cats 393-4 human 334 pigs 333-4 rats and mice 630 sheep and goats 188-9

white spot 320-3 Williams technique, recovery of

nematodes 800 winter tick 699-700 wirewo=s 661-2 Wohlfahrtia 26,818,823 Wohlfahrtia magnifica 736-7,816,820 Wohlfahrtia meigeni 738 Wohlfahrtia nuba 583, 737 Wohlfahrtia vigil 738 wood tick see Dermacentor andersoni;

Dermacentor variabilis Wuchereria bancrofti 9 Wuchereria spp 756, 757

xenodiagnosis 837 Xenopsylla cheopis 640-1,826

yellow dog tick see Haemaphysalis leachi Yersinia pestis 640, 720

Zebrina detrita 209 Zebu cattle 771 Zonurobia 671 Zoomastigophorasida 40-4 zygote 46