VESTAMID® DPolyamide 612 compounds

2

Evonik, the creative industrial group from Germany, is one of the world leaders in specialty chemicals. Its activities focus on the key megatrends health and nutrition, resource effi ciency and globalization. Evonik is active in over 100 countries around the world.

Together with the Acrylic Monomers and Acrylic Polymers Busi-ness Lines, the High Performance Polymers Business Line is part of the Performance Polymers Business Unit. It specializes in customized products, product systems and semi-fi nished products based on high performance polymers. Our plastics have proven their worth in the automotive, communications and electrical and electronics industries, and in the engineering, sports and leisure for approximately 40 years.

Due to their excellent properties the PA 612 compounds of theVESTAMID® D series represent specialty products that complement the comprehensive selection of PA 12 compounds of the VESTAMID® Lseries. In addition they are suitable for high-quality plastic-rubber composites.

3

Contents

1.0 Overview of PA 612 compounds and their applications ............................... 4

1.1 PA 612 compounds and their applications .................................................... 4

1.2 Nomenclature .............................................................................................. 6

1.3 Delivery and coloring .................................................................................. 7

1.4 Processing ................................................................................................... 8

2.0 General properties ....................................................................................... 9

2.1 Physiological and toxicological evaluation .................................................... 9

2.2 Environmental impact and safety ............................................................... 10

2.3 Infl uence of temperature on the mechanical properties ............................. 11

2.4 Long-term properties of PA 612 under load .............................................. 13

2.5 Infl uence of ambient humidity ................................................................... 16

2.6 Resistance to chemicals ............................................................................. 18

2.7 Abrasion behavior. ..................................................................................... 18

3.0 Plastics-rubber (K&K) composites without adhesives ................................. 19

4.0 Comparative tables of compounds ............................................................ 20

4

1.0 Overview of PA 612 compounds and their applications

Evonik’s High Performance Polymers Business Line manufactures a range of polyamide 612 (PA 612) compounds, which are supplied under the registered trademark VESTAMID® D.

PA 612 is the polycondensation product of 1,6-hexamethylene diamine and 1,12-dodecanedioic acid (1,10-decane dicarboxylic acid):

The carbonamide groups (-CO-NH-) of the polyamides form hydrogen bridge bonds between the chains of the mac-romolecules, thereby substantially pro-moting crystallinity and increasing their strength, melting point, resistance to chemicals, and even water absorption. This is characteristic of all semi-crystal-line polyamides

Polyamide 12 has the lowest carbon-amide group concentration of all com-mercially available polyamides, giving it the lowest moisture absorption and largest dimensional stability of parts in changing conditions of ambient humid-ity. In polyamide 612, the concentration is slightly higher but still well below that of polyamide 6 or polyamide 66.

Molded parts made of polyamide 612 consequently share, nearly unchanged,

the same characteristics that are prized in PA 12 molded parts:• high impact strength• very good resistance to greases, oils,

fuels, hydraulic fl uids, water, alkalis, and saline solutions

• very good stress cracking resistance, even when subjected to chemical at-tack and when used to cover metal parts

• low coeffi cients of sliding friction and high abrasion resistance, even when running dry

Its advantages over PA 12 exhibit in the• heat defl ection temperature (melting

point nearly 40 °C higher)• tensile and fl exural strength• outstanding recovery at high wet

strength

The PA 612 compounds of theVESTAMID® D series consequently repre-sent specialty products that complement the comprehensive selection of PA 12 compounds of the VESTAMID® L series.

Like all high-performance plastics of the High Performance Polymers Business Unit, VESTAMID® compounds satisfy the highest quality standards. Our sys-tem for quality assurance is certifi ed ac-cording to ISO 9001:2008. In several audits conducted by our customers, this quality management system received excellent ratings.

H2N-(CH2)6-NH2 + HOOC-(CH2)10-COOH →[NH-(CH2)6-NH-CO-(CH2)10-CO]n

5

1.1 PA 612 compounds and their applications

The PA 612 product line logically com-plements the comprehensive off ering of our PA 12 compounds. The table pro-vides an overview about the characteri-zation of our products and their typical applications. More detailed information about most of our compounds is con-tained in the comparative tables in

PA 612 compounds and their typical applications

VESTAMID® Characterization

Recommended for K&Kcomposite 2)

Processing method 3)

Tensile modulus[MPa] 4)

Designationaccording to ISO 1874-1 Applications

D16 low-viscosity base product IM, E 2200 PA612, LN, 12-020

monofilaments, bristles with high recovery for paint brushes and tooth brushes

D18medium-viscosity base product IM, E 2200 PA612, LN, 14-020

monofilaments, bristles with high recovery for paint brushes and tooth brushes

D22 high-viscosity base product IM, E 2200 PA612, LN, 18-020

monofilaments, bristles with high recovery for paint brushes and tooth brushes, abrasive bristles, pipes

D26 high-viscosity base product E 2200 PA612, LN, 22-020 monofilaments

DX9300

low-viscosity,heat-stabilized,with improved release properties IM 2100 PA612, MHR, 12-020 retainers for quick connectors

DX9322 1)15% ground-glass fiber reinforced, heat-stabilized + IM 3150

PA612, MH, 14-030,GF15

low-warpage housings, coverings with sprayed-on elastomer seals

X7099 1)20% glass fiber reinforced, heat-stabilized + IM 5600

PA612, MH, 14-050,GF20

housings, sealing and damping ele-ments for the automotive industry, noise and vibration-damping sliding bearings and rollers

DX9321 1)

impact-resistant, 20% glass fiber reinforced,heat-stabilized + IM 5700

PA612-HI, MH,14-050, GF20 housings, coverings

DX9323 1)

impact-resistant, 35% glass fiber reinforced,heat-stabilized + IM 8900

PA612-HI, MH,14-090, GF35 plastic-rubber composites

DX9325 1)40% glass fiber reinforced, heat-stabilized + IM 9400

PA12, MH, 14-100, GF40 plastic-rubber composites

DX9302 1)elastomer modified,heat-stabilized E 1150 PA612-HI, EH, xx-010

low-extract windshield wiper lines, corrugated pipes

DX9304 1)impact-resistant, heat- and light-stabilized E 1800

PA612-HI, EHL,18-020

tubing systems subjected to higher temperatures, e.g., hydraulic clutch lines

DX9305 1) heat- and light-stabilized E 2250 PA612, EHL, 22-020 same as DX9304

EX9350 1) elastomer modified E 600PA612, PPGD, EHL, 18-005 vacuum brake booster lines

1) currently only available in black, light-stable due to carbon black, 2) Plastic-rubber composite, 3) IM = Injection Molding; E = Extrusion, 4) measured dry/freshly molded

chapter 4. For information about new or special products please ask the indi-cated contacts.

Other properties of VESTAMID® 612 compounds and material information on the other products of the High Perfor-mance Polymers Business Lines are con-

tained in the plastics database Campus®*),which is updated regularly. You will fi nd Campus on the Internet at www.vestamid.com > Products & Services

*) Campus® is the registered trademark of CWF GmbH/Frankfurt (Main).

6

1.2 Nomenclature

VESTAMID® compounds are divided into sales and development products. The composition and manufacturing methods of sales products have been established on the basis of extensive experience and wide acceptance, and these products have a systematic no-menclature. In the case of development products, formulations are still subject to change so that they can be optimized for particular applications.

Sales products

Standard sales products in theVESTAMID® 612 series are named with the letter D, identifying dodecanedioic acid as the monomer base. For unfi lled standard products, the next two digits correspond to one tenth of the average viscosity number (J value) measured in m-cresol in accordance with ISO 307. The standard also permits the measure-ment to take place in 96-percent sulfu-ric acid instead of m-cresol. Although the two values diff er, they correlate strongly* (see Figure). We do not pro-vide melt fl ow rates (MFR, MVR), be-cause polyamides have to be viewed as “living polymers” under the specifi ed test conditions. Even minimum water contents in the resins will cause the melt fl ow rates to become highly varia-ble and non-reproducible without af-fecting the solution viscosity. In gen-eral, the higher the J value (and the two digits in the product name), the higher the molecular weight, melt viscosity, and impact strength can be expectedto be.

The fi nal component of the name is the color. Example: VESTAMID D16 natural color.

*) In the quality test, we only measure the solution vis-cosity in m-creosol

Development products

Development products are created for particular applications. We optimize these products using the experience that we have gained during market in-troduction. This may result in slight changes to the formulations and manu-facturing processes. We immediately notify the aff ected customers about modifi cations and inform them about any possible impact on specifi cations or on quality.

VESTAMID® development products based on PA 612 are named with the letters DX, followed by a four-digit number. The number has no specifi c meaning in regard to the composition or properties of the product.

Example: Test product, nomenclature VESTAMID® DX9300 natural color

50

100

150

200

250

300

50

J K (m

-cre

sol)

[ml/

g]

JS (sulfuric acid) [ml/g]

Experimental testing with VESTAMID®

100 150 200 250

Comparison of the viscosity numbers J, measured in m-cresol and sulfuric acidaccording to ISO 307

7

1.3 Delivery and coloring

VESTAMID® D compounds are delivered as a dry, ready-to-process granulate in moisture-proof bags with a net weight of 25 kg. By mutual agreement we also deliver VESTAMID® D in 1,000 kg oc-tabins. The storage time of unopened packaging is almost unlimited under or-dinary storage conditions, unless the packaging is damaged. The storage temperature should not exceed 45 °C, especially in the case of plasticized res-ins.

Similar to other semi-crystalline poly-amides, unmodifi ed VESTAMID® is colorless when molten and whit-ish-opaque in its solid state (natural colors). VESTAMID® can generally be colored as desired although some spe-cial additives may cause restrictions. Most compounds are supplied in their natural colors or as black. Others, such as compounds that have been modifi ed with graphite, have unique colors due to their additives. Colorants containing lead and cadmium are essentially not used.

In appropriate lot sizes, specially colored compounds can be delivered. Please contact the indicated persons for additional information.

VESTAMID® compounds can also be colored during processing. The pre-ferred method is by using master batches based on PA 612. Dry coloring by tumbling with powdered colorants in a mixer is also possible but inconven-ient. Pneumatic conveyance is then ruled out. Colorant pastes or colorant concentrates with a “neutral” base (e.g., polyethylene) may be incompatible with PA 612, ultimately leading to parts with poor characteristics (inhomogeneous color distribution or mechanical failure). Therefore, the compatibility of the col-orant paste must defi nitely be pre-tested.

Our experts will be appreciated to give you additional information and support.

8

103

104

102

101

0 1 10 100

VESTAMID® D16 VESTAMID® D18 VESTAMID® X7099 VESTAMID® D22

Circle frequency [1/s]

Visc

osity

[Pa

s]

104

103

102

240230220210200190180170160150140Viscosity number J [ml/g]

Mel

t visc

osity

[Pa

s]

VESTAMID® D18

VESTAMID® D22

VESTAMID® X7099

VESTAMID® D16

Viscosity curves, T = 260 °C

Dependence of the melt viscosity on the solution viscosity (260 °C at 10/s)

1.4 Processing

PA 612 compounds may only be pro-cessed in a dry state at a water content below 0.1%. If this rule is not followed, decomposition and irreversible damage during processing is to be expected. Detailed information about the handling and processing of VESTAMID® products and about machine design can be found in the brochure “Handling and Proces-sing of VESTAMID®.”

Chapter 1.2, Nomenclature, already mentioned the fundamental interrela-tionship between viscosity number and melt viscosity. The fi gures show the re-lationships for 260 °C, using the low-viscosity resin VESTAMID® D16, the medium-viscosity resin VESTAMID® D18, and the high-viscosity resinVESTAMID® D22 as examples.

The curve for the reinforced resin VESTAMID® X7099 illustrates the infl u-ence of 20% glass fi bers on the melt viscosity. If necessary, the diff erent vis-cosity levels can be balanced in the conventional manner by adapting the processing temperature.

9

2.0 General properties

2.1 Physiological and toxicological evaluation

The Environment, Health, Safety & Quality Department, which is responsi-ble for the High Performance Polymers Business Line, provides general infor-mation on the toxicological properties of VESTAMID® compounds and relevant analysis pertaining to their contact with foodstuff s. The department is also re-sponsible for providing information about product safety and producing the EU Safety Data Sheets for VESTAMID®. Please direct all questions on the sub-ject to the indicated contacts.

Food contact – EU statusFollowing the harmonization of Euro-pean laws and ordinances, new regula-tions have come into eff ect regarding plastics intended to come into contact with foodstuff s. Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 is valid from Mai 1, 2011.

The VESTAMID® D base grades of the PA 612 series such as VESTAMID® D16, D18, D22, and D26 are approved in the European Union for food contact be-cause the base monomers hexamethyl-enediamine and decanedioic acid and used additives are on the positive list in Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011. A migration limit of 2.4 mil-ligrams per kilogram food has been specifi ed for hexamethylenediamine, which must be tested and complied with on the fi nished article itself.

Food contact – FDA statusUnder 21 CFR §177.1500 (Nylon Res-ins) of the FDA, PA 612 is approved in the U.S. for articles for repeated use in contact with food up to a maximum temperature of 100°C. The restrictions of paragraph b(8) must be observed, however. Cold sterilization is permitted.

Medical applicationsFor use of materials in medical applica-tions, Directive 93/42/EEC applies in the European Union; this was trans-posed into German law as the Medical Devices Act in August 1994. The ap-proval procedure is regulated in detail by the corresponding international and national standards such as ISO 10993 and DIN EN 30993-1. In individual cases, the regulations in the current German Pharmacopoeia (DAB) and the European Pharmacopoeia can also be used to aid in the assessment. In cases of doubt, the moldings or semi-fi nished products must be investigated by the manufacturer or user under actual usage conditions.

Our experts can provide you informa-tion about their experiences with vari-ous approval processes.

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2.2 Environmental impact and safety

VESTAMID® compounds are non-toxic substances that do not constitute any hazard to water and are not governed by any particular safety regulations. They can be disposed of in landfi lls or incinerated as normal household waste in accordance with local ordinances. Re-cycling is, however, preferred and ad-visable for economic reasons. Further information can be obtained from the EU safety data sheets for theVESTAMID® grades.

VESTAMID® compounds containing fl ame retardants do not contain poly-brominated biphenyls or diphenylethers. No pigments or additives containing cadmium are used.

No dangerous by-products are formed if VESTAMID® is processed correctly. Care should be taken, however, to ven-tilate the working area properly, as it is required when processing thermoplas-tics – especially for compounds contain-

ing fl ame retardants or plasticizers.Detailed directions about handlingVESTAMID® products can be found in the brochure “Handling and Processing of VESTAMID®.”

Degradation of the material during pro-cessing is shown by a discoloration of the melt. Degraded material should be quickly removed from the machine and cooled under water, in order to mini-mize any troublesome smells.

Most VESTAMID® compounds are com-bustible. Flammable gases are released at melt temperatures above 350 °C. Combustion with suffi cient air supply produces carbon monoxide (CO), car-bon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and nitrogen-containing compounds as end products. Since the spectrum of crack and combustion products greatly de-pends on the combustion conditions, it is not possible to make any general statements here.

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2.3 Infl uence of temperature on the mechanical properties

Curves of the dynamic shear modulus and of the loss factor tan , which are obtained from torsional vibration analy-sis, provide a fi rst glance at the de-pendence of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced VESTAMID® 612 compounds on tem-perature. In the fi gure, it can be clearly seen that PA 612 resins have a higher stiff ness than PA 12 resins and that their higher melting point has caused their drop in strength to shift signifi -cantly toward higher temperatures. The special position of VESTAMID® DX9302 is visible: this specially modifi ed resin is clearly more fl exible and tougher than unmodifi ed PA 612 up to -50 °C, mak-ing it the better choice for fl exibletubing.

The fi gure on page 12 shows the infl u-ence of temperature on the stress-strain

behavior. The shape of the curve for VESTAMID® D16 is representative of all unreinforced PA 612 compounds.

Plots of the thermal expansion and co-effi cients of thermal expansion provide information about the dimensional changes caused by temperature. The curves for VESTAMID® DX9300 are representative for our unfi lled PA 612 resins (D16, D18, D22, D26). The ta-bles in chapter 4 also list the average coeffi cients of thermal expansion in the temperature range of 23 °C to 55 °C.

If the exposure to extreme tempera-tures is brief, then the above changes are reversible, with the possible excep-tion of post-shrinkage caused by pro-cessing. If components are subjected to thermal stress in the presence of oxy-gen (air) for a long time, then it is pos-

VESTAMID® X7099 VESTAMID® DX9320 VESTAMID® D16 VESTAMID® DX9302 comp. with PA 12 (VESTAMID® L2140)

Temperature [°C]

Dyn

amic

shea

r mod

ulus

G´[

MPa

]

50 2502001501000-50-100-150-200100

101

102

103

tan δ

G’

Diss

ipat

ion

fact

or ta

n δ

100

101

102

103

Torsional vibration analysis according to ISO 6721

sible that irreversible aging could grad-ually occur, depending on the duration and temperature. Like any other plastic, VESTAMID® will eventually become brittle under such conditions. With the exception of the base products, heat aging inhibitors are added to allVESTAMID® 612 resins to stabilize them against the long-term action of heat. In general, processors will add fl exible application-oriented stabilizer concentrates to the base productsVESTAMID® D16, D18, D22, and D26 as necessary during the thermoplastic molding. We can provide advice about the choices upon request.

12

100 °C60 °C23 °C

VESTAMID® D16 nf (tr.)

60

50

40

30

20

10

0151050

Stre

ss σ

[MPa

]

Strain ε [%]

4,0

3,5

3,0

2,5

2,0

1,5

1,0

0,5

0

20

15

10

5

-0

-5

-10

-150 1601208040-40-80-120

Temperature [°C]

Coeffi

cien

t of t

herm

al e

xpan

sion

[10-4

/K]

Ther

mal

exp

ansio

n ε [

% ]

25

Expansion: transverse longitudinal Coefficient: transverse longitudinal

VESTAMID® DX9300

4,0

3,5

3,0

2,5

2,0

1,5

1,0

0,5

0

20

15

10

5

-0

-5

-10

-150 1601208040-40-80-120

Temperature [°C]

Coeffi

cien

t of t

herm

al e

xpan

sion

[10-4

/K]

25

VESTAMID® DX9321

VESTAMID® X7099

Ther

mal

exp

ansio

n ε [

% ]

Expansion: transverse longitudinal Coefficient: transverse longitudinal

Stress-strain plots from tensile tests according to ISO 527

Coefficient of thermal expansion according to ISO 11359

Coefficient of thermal expansion according to ISO 11359

13

2.4 Long-term properties of PA 612 under load

At elevated temperatures, thermoplas-tics begin to fl ow or creep under the infl uence of stresses, especially when they are unreinforced. PA 612 has a rel-atively low tendency to creep, but the designer must still take creep resistance into consideration because it declines under continuous load in comparison

102 103101100

101

100

10-1

time [h]

load

[MPa

]8,0

39,5

29,0

18,5

str

ain

[%]

50,0

VESTAMID® X7099 black V307171: Tensile creep test according to ISO 899

Creep curves, test conditions 23 °C, 50% r. h.

with short-term stability. On the other hand, this also means that the initial stress will drop when the strain is held constant. Characteristics necessary to design parts can be taken from the fol-lowing fi gures, which plot the results of tensile creep tests performed in accord-ance with ISO 899.

102 103101100

104

103

time [h]

load

[MPa

]

cree

p m

odul

us E

c [M

Pa]

50,039,529,018,58,0

Tensile creep modulus curves, test conditions 23 °C, 50% r. h.

14

VESTAMID® D16: Tensile creep modulus curves according to ISO 899

102 103101100

103

102

time [h]

load

[MPa

]

cree

p m

odul

us E

c [M

Pa]

17

81114

5

Test conditions 23 °C, 50% r. h.

102 103101100

357

2

103

102

time [h]

load

[MPa

]

cree

p m

odul

us E

c [M

Pa]

102 103101100

103

102

time [h]

load

[MPa

]

cree

p m

odul

us E

c [M

Pa]

235

7

Test condition 60 °C

Test condition 100 °C

15

VESTAMID D16: Tensile creep curves according to ISO 899

102 103101100

101

100

10-1

time [h]

stra

in ε

[%]

load

[MPa

]

5

17

1411

8

Test conditions 23 °C, 50% r. h.

102 103101100

101

100

10-1

time [h]

stra

in ε

[%]

load

[MPa

]

2

75

3

102 103101100

101

100

10-1

time [h]

stra

in ε

[%]

load

[MPa

]

2

7

5

3

Test conditions 60 °C

Test conditions 100 °C

16

2.5 Infl uence of ambient humidity

In contrast to PA 6 and 66, PA 612 ab-sorbs very little moisture (see fi gures on page 17), although it absorbs slightly more than PA 12. It will absorb about 1% water in a standard operating envi-ronment of 23°C / 50% relative hu-midity, and about 2.7% when stored in water. These values are correspondingly lower for fi lled or glass fi ber reinforced resins. Absorption of 1% water causes a volume increase of approximately 0.9%, which corresponds to a change in linear dimension of 0.2–0.3%.

When the product is stored in water, moisture absorption rises with rising temperature. At temperatures above80 °C, however, components will dry out again in air so the values of the dry parts will have an eff ect in this case.

Above 0 °C, the absorbed water acts like a small amount of plasticizer. This means that strength and stiff ness will drop somewhat and that impact strengthand tendency to creep will increase slightly (compare the detailed tables in chapter 4).

Since water absorption is very small, the changes in the electrical parameters at room temperature are also low: the good insulating properties and dielectric strength remain practically unaltered. The eff ect of water is most recogniz-able on the slope of the loss factor tan .

17

Water absorption of various polyamides

water absorption [weight-%] PA 66 PA6 PA 612 PA12

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

water absorption at saturation water absorption at 23 °C / 50% r. h.

Infl uence of the water content on the tensile modulus of diff erent polyamides

tensile modulus [MPa] PA 66 PA6 PA 612 PA12

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

conditioned at 23 °C / 50% r. h.freshly molded

Infl uence of water content on the tensile strength of diff erent polyamides

tensile strength [MPa] PA 66 PA6 PA 612 PA12

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

conditioned at 23 °C / 50% r. h.freshly molded

18

2.6 Resistance to chemicals

The chemical resistance of PA 612 is comparable to that of PA 12. Polyamide 612 generally displays outstanding re-sistance to fuels, lubricants, greases, oils, and most industrial solvents. Polar solvents can cause reversible swelling, especially at elevated temperatures. This will generally be connected with a drop in strength (plasticizer eff ect). In practice, the original characteristics will be restored aft er the solvent has evapo-rated.

Liquids that have a particularly high af-fi nity to the carbonamide groups of the polyamides can act as solvents for PA 612 at higher temperatures. Examples are phenols, cresols, benzyl alcohol, and particular chlorohydrocarbons.

Due to their low water absorption,PA 612 compounds exhibit very good resistance to aqueous agents, such as alkali solutions, saline solutions, and cleaners. Their resistance to aqueous acids is limited, depending on the tem-perature, time, and concentration. In general, concentrated acids will lead to a more or less rapid drop in relative molar mass (embrittlement). Concen-trated sulfuric acid and formic acid will dissolve PA 612.

2.7 Abrasion behavior

Polyamides have very high abrasion re-sistance. This can be determined ac-cording to DIN 53754 (Taber) or DIN 53516. The test consists of abrasion from emery grinding. The table shows some typical values and also indicates the eff ect of fi llers and reinforcingmaterials.

For bearings or sliding parts, the coeffi -cient of sliding friction is more impor-tant than abrasion. This coeffi cient is low and is comparable to that of PA 12. Since PA 612 is very resistant to greasesand lubricants, it is a good material for producing maintenance-free bearings.

Abrasion of PA 612 resins

VESTAMID® Modification

Abrasion according to the Taber abrasion test, DIN 53754, at 23 °C [mg / 100 revolutions]

DX9300 – 15

DX9322 15% ground glass fibers 7 - 8

DX9321, X7099 20% chopped strands 10

he

nd

-

o

ll

and lubricants, it is a good material for producing maintenance-free bearings.

19

3.0 Plastics-rubber composites without adhesives

Several of the VESTAMID® D com-pounds have been specially developed to form a direct bond with selected x-NBR, HNBR, FPM, AEM, ACM, VMQ and EPDM rubbers. This utilizes a plastic-rubber composite process (K&K process), which Evonik has patented and which is particularly economical and environmentally friendly. The rub-ber is fi rst sprayed directly onto mold-ings of PA 612, without pretreatment or adhesion promoters. A permanent chemical thermoplastic-elastomer com-posite will then occur during the suc-ceeding peroxide vulcanization step.

In addition to the VESTAMID® D prod-uct group, resins based on PPE(VESTORAN®) and PPA (VESTAMID® HTplus) are available to which the plas-tic-rubber composite process can suc-cessfully be applied. The fi gure illus-trates the major processing steps. Detailed information is also provided in the brochure “High performance poly-mers in plastic-rubber composites” or can be obtained from our experts. They can give you advice about selecting suitable composite partners. Please di-rect your questions on the subject to the indicated contacts.

Process diagram of the plastic-rubber composite process

Manufacturingof the hardcomponent

Conventional process

K&K composite in a two-step process

K&K composite in a one-step process

Temporarilystorage

Degreasing Application of aprimer and/oran adhesive

Drying Applying andvulcanizingof the rubber

20

4.0 Comparative tables of the compounds4.1 Unfilled PA 612 compounds

Property Test method Unit VESTAMID®

D16 D18 D22

after pretreatmentdry/freshly molded conditioned1)

dry/freshly molded conditioned1)

dry/freshly molded

Physical, thermal, and mechanical properties and flammability

Density 23 °C ISO 1183 g/cm3 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06

Melting temperature ISO 11357peak temperature, 2. heating °C 215 215 215 215 215

Heat deflection temperature under load 2) ISO 75-1/-2method A 1.8 MPa °C 65 (75) 55 60 (75) 55 60 (75)method B 0.45 MPa °C 150 (170) 150 (170) 140 (170) 140 (170) 140 (170)

Vicat softening temperature ISO 306method B 50 N °C 180 180 180 180 180

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion 23-55 °C ISO 11359 10-4 K-1 1.3 - 1.3 - 1.3

Flammability acc. UL94 IEC 606951.6 mm HB HB HB HB HB3.2 mm HB HB HB HB HB

Water absorption 23 °C, saturation % 2.6 - 2.7 - 2.7

23 °C, 50% r. h. ISO 62 % 1.0 - 1.0 - 1.0

Mold shrinkage specimen127x12.7x3.2 mm3)

processing acc. to ISO 1874-2

in flow direction % 1.4 - 1.3 - 1.3in transverse direction % 1.0 - 1.1 - 1.1

Tensile test ISO 527-2/1A Stress at yield MPa 58 53 60 52 60 Strain at yield % 5 16 4 20 4 Strain at break % > 50 > 50 > 50 > 50 > 50

Tensile modulus ISO 527-2/1A MPa 2200 1700 2200 1700 2200

CHARPY-impact strength3) ISO 179/1eU23 °C kJ/m2 N N N N N

-30 °C kJ/m2 N N N N N

CHARPY-notched impact strength3) ISO 179/1eA 23 °C kJ/m2 5C 6C 6C 9C 7C-30 °C kJ/m2 6C 6C 6C 7C 7C

Electrical properties

Relative permittivity IEC 60250100 Hz 3.8 4.5 3.8 - 3.81 MHz 3.2 4.1 3.4 - 3.0

Dissipation factor IEC 60250 100 Hz 10-4 240 590 260 - 230

1 MHz 10-4 290 510 310 - 290

Dielectric strength K20/P50 IEC 60243-1 kV/mm 28 27 28 - 27

Comparative tracking index CTI IEC 60112test solution A 50 drops value > 600 > 600 > 600 - > 600

Volume resistivity IEC 60093 Ohm cm 1015 1014 - - 1015

Electrolytic corrosion effect IEC 60426 step A1 A1 A1 A1 A1

1) conditioned at 23 °C / 50% relative humidity to constant weight2) measured freshly molded; values in parenthesis after conditioning at 180 °C / 60 min3) N = no break, P = partial break, C = complete break incl. hinge break H

21

DX9300 DX9302 *) D26 DX9304 *) DX9305 *)

conditioned1)dry/freshly molded conditioned1)

dry/freshly molded conditioned1)

dry/freshly molded conditioned1)

dry/freshly molded conditioned1)

dry/freshly molded conditioned1)

1.06 1.06 1.06 1.02 1.02 1.06 1.06 1.04 - 1.06 -

215 215 215 215 215 215 215 213 - 213 -

55 65 (75) 55 50 - 70 (75) - 50 (55) - 60 (70) -140 (170) 155 (170) 155 (170) 140 - 180 (190) - 170 (175) - 175 (185) -

180 180 180 110 110 185 - 175 - 185 -

- 1.3 - 1.7 - 1.5 - 1.5 - 1.4 -

HB HB HB HB - HB - HB - HB -HB HB HB HB - HB - HB - HB -

- 2.6 - 2.2 - 2.7 - 2.7 - 2.7 -

- 1.0 - 0.5 - 1.0 - 1.0 - 1.0 -

**) **) **)- 1.1 - 1.9 - 1.6 - 2.2 - 1.8 -- 1.5 - 1.4 - 1.5 - 1.4 - 1.2 -

49 59 52 30 26 60 49 50 41 60 4920 5 20 15 23 4.2 4.4 5.0 20 4.3 18> 50 > 50 > 50 > 50 > 50 > 50 > 50 > 50 > 50 > 50 > 50

1700 2100 1700 1150 850 2200 1700 1800 1200 2250 1500

N N N N N N N N N N NN N N N N N N N N N N

10C 6C 8C 90P 100P 8C 9C 50P 95P 6C 10C6C 6C 6C 19C 17P 7C 7C 30C 18C 6C 7C

5.0 4.0 - 3.8 - 4.4 - 4.1 - 4.3 -3.7 2.9 - 3.0 - 3.2 - 3.2 - 3.3 -

650 440 - 470 - 590 - 560 - 550 -550 330 - 370 - 380 - 310 - 320 -

27 29 - 41 - 22 - 24 - 23 -

> 600 > 600 - > 600 - > 600 - > 600 - > 600 -

1014 1014 - 1014 - 1014 - 1013 - 1013 -

A1 A1 A1 AN 1,2 - AN 1,2 - AN 1,2 - AN 1,2 -

*) available only in black color **) measured at specimen 60x60x2mm, ISO 294-4

22

4.2 Filled and reinforced PA 612 compounds

Property Test method Unit VESTAMID®

with fillers/reinforcing materialsDX9322*)

(15% ground glass fibers)X7099*)

(20% glass fibers)DX9321*)

(20% glass

after pretreatmentdry/freshly molded conditioned1)

dry/freshly molded conditioned1)

dry/freshly molded

Physical, thermal, and mechanical properties and flammability

Density 23 °C ISO 1183 g/cm3 1.17 1.17 1.20 1.20 1.19

Melting temperature, peak temperature, 2. heating ISO 11357 °C 215 215 215 215 215

Heat deflection temperature under load ISO 75-1/-2method A 1.8 MPa °C 114 114 190 190 189

method B 0.45 MPa °C 186 186 210 210 208

Vicat softening temperature, method B 50 N ISO 306 °C 194 193 205 205 207

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion 23-55 °C ISO 11359transverse 10-4 K-1 1.0 - 0.5 - 0.5

longitudinal 10-4 K-1 0.6 - 0.7 - 0.7

Flammability acc. UL94 IEC 606951.6 mm HB HB HB HB HB3.2 mm - - HB - -

Water absorption 23 °C, saturation ISO 62 % 2.4 - 2.0 - 2.0 23 °C, 50% r. h. % 0.9 - 0.8 - 0.8

Mold shrinkage specimen127x12.7x3.2 mmprocessing acc. to ISO 1874-2

in flow direction % 1.9 - 0.6 - 0.7 in transverse direction % 0.9 - 1.1 - 0.9

Tensile test ISO 527-2/1A Stress at yield MPa 63 53 - - - Strain at yield % 8 12 - - - Stress at break MPa 59 47 118 - 115 Strain at break % 18 23 5 - 5

Tensile modulus ISO 527-2/1A MPa 3150 2650 5600 - 5700

CHARPY impact strength2) ISO 179/1eU23 °C kJ/m2 46C 96C 80C 93C

-30 °C kJ/m2 43C 48C 60C 106C

CHARPY notched impact strength2) ISO 179/1eA23 °C kJ/m2 4C 5C 10C 18C

-30 °C kJ/m2 3C 3C 7C 11C

Electrical properties

Relative permittivity IEC 60250100 Hz 4.3 - 4.4 - 4.41 MHz 3.1 - 3.9 - 3.1

Dissipation factor IEC 60250100 Hz 10-4 430 - 650 - 5001 MHz 10-4 493 - 430 - 470

Dielectric strength K20/P50 IEC 60243-1 kV/mm - - 38 - -

Comparative tracking index test solution A CTI IEC 6011250 drops value > 600 - - - > 600

100 drops value 575 - - - 600

Volume resistivity IEC 60093 Ohm cm 1014 - 1014 - 1014

1) conditioned at 23 °C / 50% relative humidity to constant weight2) C = complete break incl. hinge break H

23

fibers)DX9323*)

(35% glass fibers)DX9325*)

(40% glass fibers)

conditioned1)dry/freshly molded conditioned1)

dry/freshly molded

1.19 1.33 1.33 1.37

215 215 215 212

189 196 196 195208 213 213 210

207 209 209 -

- 0.5 - 0.5- 0.8 - -

HB HB HB HB- HB HB HB- 1.9 - 1.9- 0.8 - 0.8

- 0.4 - 0.23- 1.0 - 0.8

90 - - -5 - - -86 148 126 15010 5 5 4

4700 8900 7400 9400

93C 90C 86C 100C102C 105C 97C 104C

19C 22C 21C 22C11C 15C 14C 16C

- 4.8 - -- 3.6 - -

- 610 - -- 320 - -

- 39 - -

- > 600 - -- 575 - -

- 1014 - -

*) available only in black color

Evonik Industries AGHigh Performance Polymers45764 MarlGermanyphone +49 2365 49-9878evonik-hp@evonik.comwww. vestamid.comwww.evonik.com

This information and all technical and other advice are based on Evonik’s present knowledge and experience. However, Evonik assumes no liability for such information or advice, including the extent to which such information or advice may relate to third party intellectual property rights. Evonik reserves the right to make any changes to information or advice at any time, without prior or subsequent notice. Evonik disc-laims all representations and warranties, whether express or implied, and shall have no liability for, merchantability of the product or its fi tness for a particular purpose (even if Evonik is aware of such purpose), or otherwise. Evonik shall not be responsible for consequential, indirect or inci-dental damages (including loss of profi ts) of any kind. It is the customer’s sole responsibility to arrange for inspection and testing of all products by qualifi ed experts. Reference to trade names used by other companies is neither a recommen-dation, nor an endorsement of the corresponding product, and does not imply that similar products could not be used.

Your technical contacts

Frank Lorenz (Automotive, K&K)frank.lorenz@evonik.com

Paul-Ludwig Waterkamp (Filaments)paul-l.waterkamp@evonik.com

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