Hybrid Ferries

Transport Knowledge Transfer Network5th December 2012

Andrew Flockhart – Caledonian Maritime Assets Ltd

CMAL Hybrid Ferries

HISTORY

• old ferries, some over 40 years • ageing infrastructure

• economic uncertainty• Environmental challenges

Port Ellen - Islay

CaledonianMaritime AssetsLtd

Owns or operates 24

harbours

30 ferries – average age

22yrs

MV Eigg built in 1974

Routes and Ports

Importance of lifeline ferries

CMAL HYBRID FERRIES

Reasons for Hybrid Propulsion System•Reducing Emissions•Possibly zero emissions in harbour as vessel will be powered by batteries or shore supply while in harbour mode•Energy Savings•Fuel Savings, on existing vessels there are periods of low load running, which can increase SFOC by 5-10%•Reduced Operating Costs•Reduced noise when operating on batteries•Flexible and efficient operation, excellent redundancy•Less Installed Power by optimising machinery selection•The batteries onboard the vessel could be charged overnight from a shore supply, could be a wind turbine or from a source of renewable power (Hydro or Wind Farm).

The Future - Hybrid Ferries

1: 8 Slipway

Hybrid Passenger/Car Ferry

Hybrid Passenger/Car Ferry

Main Dimensions

Length Overall 43.5m

Length between PP 39.6m

Breadth (moulded) 12.2m

Draught 1.6m

Capacities

Deadweight 140 tonnes

Cars 23

HGVs 2

Passengers 150

Crew 3/4

Speed 9 kts

Model Tests

Service Speed 9.0 ktsRequired power and Propeller Revolutions at Design Draught:

Trial Conditions, BF2Draught (m) PD (kW) N (rpm)1.60m 258.7 87.4

DAILY DUTY CYCLE

Hybrid Ferries Project

1-5%

6-10%

11-15%

16-20%

21-25%

26-30%

31-35%

36-40%

41-45%

46-50%

51-55%

56-60%

61-65%

66-70%

71-75%

76-80%

81-85%

86-90%

91-95%

96-100%

3%

24%

13%

5%

9%12%

10% 11%9%

0%3%

0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Sconser - Raasay RouteDaily Average Duty Cycle

Percentage of day at Power Range

Percentage of Available Power

FUEL CALCULATIONS – DIESEL ELECTRIC

Hybrid Ferries Project

Diesel Electric 3 x 360kW EnginesMax Propulsion

Power 9 knots MAN PORT OVERNIGHT

DAILY HOURS 25% 2.5% 15.5% 57%

DAILY HOURS 6.0 h 0.6 h 3.7 h 13.7 h

SHAFT POWER 750 kW 267.5 kW 120 kW 72 kW

kWh

MAIN ENGINE POWER (MCR) 360 kW 360 kW 360 kW 360 kW

NUMBER CONNECTED 3 1 1 1

TOTAL INSTALLED ME POWER (MCR) 1080 kW 360 kW 360 kW 360 kW

TOTAL ME POWER DEMAND 848 kW 322 kW 144 kW 87 kW

MAIN ENGINE LOAD 79% 89 % 40 % 24 % Total

FUEL CONSUMPTION (litres/day)

434 litres/day 23litres/day 85 litres/day

Estimated Total Daily Fuel Consumption 542 litres/day

TIMETABLE : SCONSER – RAASAY ROUTE

Timetable

30 March 2012 to 20 October 2012

RAASAY SCONSER - RAASAY

SCONSER RAASAY RAASAY SCONSER

Depart Arrive Time from Dep - Arr Transit Man At Slip Total Time from Dep

- Dep Depart Arrive Time from Dep - Arr Transit Man At Slip Total Time from Dep -

Dep

MON-SAT - - - - - - - - 07:55 08:20 00:25 20 2 8 30 00:30

08:25 08:50 00:25 20 2 8 30 00:30:00 08:55 09:20 00:25 20 2 8 30 00:30

A On Sat only, will dep Sconser 09:25 09:50 00:25 20 2 8 30 00:30:00 09:55 10:20 00:25 20 2 8 30 00:30

at 1830 arrive Raasay 1855 10:25 10:50 00:25 20 2 8 30 00:30:00 10:55 11:20 00:25 20 2 13 35 00:35

B Saturdays only 11:30 11:55 00:25 20 2 23 45 00:45:00 12:15 12:40 00:25 20 2 23 45 00:45

13:00 13:25 00:25 20 2 8 30 01:30:00 14:30 14:55 00:25 20 2 8 30 00:30

15:00 15:25 00:25 20 2 8 30 00:30:00 15:30 15:55 00:25 20 2 23 45 00:45

16:15 16:40 00:25 20 2 23 45 00:45:00 17:00 17:25 00:25 20 2 13 35 00:35

17:35 18:40 01:05 20 2 8 30 00:30:00 18:05 18:30 00:25 20 2 18 40 00:40

18:45 19:10 00:25 20 2 8 30 01:45:00 20:30 20:55 00:25 0 0 0 0 00:30

21:00 21:25 00:25 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - - - -

180 18 102 180 18 122

Transit Time: 20mins Manoeuvring Time: 2mins At Slip: 8-23mins

TIMETABLE - kWh

Timetable30 March 2012 to 20 October 2012

RAASAYSCONSER - RAASAY Load Estimates mins Hrs kW

Transit Total/Day 360 6.00 Transit 353.92

Man Total/Day 36 0.60 Manoeuvre 152

At Slip Total/Day 224 3.73 At Slip 104At Pier 0 0.00 0

Overnight/Day 820 13.67 Total/Day 1440 24.00

Mins Hrs/Day kWh/day Hrs/Year

Transit total 360 6.00 2123.52 2190.00 Man Total 36 0.60 91.20 219.00 At Slip Total 224 3.73 388.27 1362.67 At Pier

Total for Operational Day 620 10.33 479.47 3771.67 Overnight 820 13.67 4988.33

Total 1440 24.00 2602.99 8760.00

36.13% of operational day at slip

Transit : 2124 kWh/day

Manoeuvring : 91 kWh/day

At Slip: 388 kWh/day

Total : 2603 kWh/day

Estimated Loads(including losses)

Transit 354 kW

Manoeuvre 152 kW

At Slip 104 kW

36% of Operational Day at Slipway

HYBRID MACHINERY ARRANGEMENT

Voith Propelle

r

Genset x 1

Genset x 2

Aft Engine Room

Fwd Engine Room

Aft Prop Room

Fwd Prop Room

PropMotor

PropMotor

BatteryCompt

BatteryCompt

Voith Propelle

r

MainSwbd

PropMotorVSD

PropMotorVSD

SERIAL HYBRID SYSTEM

ShoreSupply

M

PROP 1 PROP 2

M

DC Link

Ships Service

Ships Service

Battery Bank

350kWh

Ship's

ServiceShoreSupplyG1 G2 G3

Emer Swbd

M2MM1

MProp 2MProp 1

375 kW0 – 015 RPM

375 kW0 – 65 RPM

375 kW 375 kW

3 x 330kW Generators

400V, 50Hz, 3ph Cos Ø = 0.9

DC LinkBatteryBank

350kWh

VariableSpeedDrives

Solid State Generator

Solid State Generator

AC

DC

DC

AC

Battery

)

ShoreSupply

Mode 1 - Generator

Mode 2 - Generator + BatteryMode 3 - BatteryMode 4 -

Battery charging

Hotel

Generator

VariableSpeedDriveRating of Shore Power:

400V 3ph 50Hz, 125A

PROPULSION MACHINERY OPTIONS

Hybrid Ferries Project

PropulsionMotor

INNOVATIVE SHIP POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

Generators 330kWMain Switchboard

Variable Speed Drives

Lithium Ion Batteries

Lithium Ion Batteries

Propulsion Electric Motors

Voith Schneider Propulsion Units

Lithium Ion Batteries directly connected to DC Link.No additional electronics or voltage conversions required.

Plug -in for Overnight Charging

GENERATING SETS

Hybrid Ferries Project

Volvo Penta Marine Generating Set: Quantity - 3 Engine Type D13 MG SFOC 191 g/kWh Rated Power 360 kWm Alternator Type Stamford HCM534D 400V, 3ph, 50Hz 332 kWe 368 kVA 0.9 Power Factor Weight 3185 kg

VOITH SCHNEIDER PROPULSION UNITS

Hybrid Ferries Project

Voith Schneider Propulsion Units: Quantity - 2 Type: 16 R5 EC/90-1 No of Blades - 5 Blade Length – 900mm Rated Power 375 kW Weight 6700 kg Input Speed – 605 RPM

C:\Users\janderson.CMALDOM\Desktop\iVSPVoithSchneiderPropellerProgramm3.exe

VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES

Hybrid Ferries Project

Variable Speed Drives: Quantity – 2 0.99 Power Factor Efficiency >98% Weight kg

BATTERY COMPARISON

Hybrid Ferries Project

Lead Acid Lithium Ion

Depth of Discharge 50% 80%

Cycle life at 50% Depth of Discharge 1000 8000

>3000 @ 80% DoD

Energy Density 20 Wh/kg 100 Wh/kg

Charge Efficiency 60% 95-99%

Maintenance Maintenance required Maintenance Free

LITHIUM ION BATTERY TECHNOLOGY

Hybrid Ferries Project

ModuleCellsCell Pack

LITHIUM ION BATTERY STRING

Hybrid Ferries Project

108 Batteries, 54 in series, 2 sets in parallel

INNOVATIVE SHIP POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

Hybrid Ferries Project

The hybrid diesel electric propulsion system will use at least 20% less fuel than a diesel mechanical propulsion system operating at design speed and with the vessel fully loaded, resulting in at least a 20% reduction in CO2 emitted by the Vessel.

At lower speeds and light loaded conditions; greater fuel savings can be achieved and a greater reduction in CO2 emissions.

On days with reduced numbers of crossings it will be possible to operated on batteries only for some crossings.

In port the vessel is capable of operating on batteries only, zero emissions.

CMAL HYBRID FERRIES

Hydrogen Ferries Feasibility Project

In new class B, C and D and existing class B ships, and new ships constructed on or after 1 January 2003 with a length of 24 metres and above, a double bottom shall be fitted extending from the forepeak bulkhead to the afterpeak bulkhead as far as this is practicable and compatible with the design and proper working of the ship.

RULES & REGULATIONS

Double Bottom760mm High

Caledonian Maritime Assets Ltd - HYBRID FERRIES

Lithium Ion Batteries

20% reduction in emissions

Now

Launch Date 17th December 2012Ferguson Ship Builders – Port Glasgow

Future?

Fuel Cells?

100% reduction in emissions

Hybrid FerryOther Energy Efficiency Measures

Alternative Fuels (Biodiesel, LNG)

Energy Saving Lighting

Speed Control for Main Pumps and Ventilation Fans

Optimised Hull Design

Improved Hull Coatings

Lightweight Construction (Aluminium and other composite materials)

Improved Insulation Materials

Solar Panels

Fuel Cells (marine commercial units under development)

Feasibility Study

CMAL have been commissioned to carry out a feasibility study for Scottish Enterprise to evaluate the technical and commercial possibilities of using hydrogen fuel cells to enable the development of zero emission ferries

Consortium, CMAL, Logan Energy, St Andrews University and SHFCA

FUEL CELL

Capacity 125 – 150 kW Units

Quantity?

Size 1530mm x 871mm x 495mm each

Weight 404 kg each

Type of Fuel?

Lifetime?

Cost of fuel cell, tanks, integration etc?

Location on ship?

FUEL

Availability?

Cost?

Storage Tank Size?

Storage Tank Pressure?

Quantity of Fuel required?

Thank you for you attention

Andrew Flockhart

Andrew.flockhart@cmassets.co.uk