Vesicoureteral RefluxNisha & Milan

What is Vesicoureteral

Reflux?• It is an abnormal flow of urine from the

bladder back up the tubes, which are called ureters.

• Ureters connect your kidneys to your bladder.

Vesicoureteral Reflux can develop

in 2 forms:• 1) Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux: caused by a flaw that is present before birth.

• The flaw is functional valve between the bladder and a ureter.

• Genetic

• Cause of flaw= unknown

• 2) Secondary Vesicoureteral Reflux

• Caused by a blockage in the urinary system.

• Blockage results from

• Causes swelling of a ureter.

The Risks

• Family history

• Lighter skinned children appear to have 3 times the risk than dark skinned people.

• Girls have about double the risk than boys.

• Infants and young children get Vesicoureteral Reflux. However, older children and adults can be affected.

• The prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux in children with a urinary infection is 31.1% in a Canadian study that was done.

Treatment:Many children don't need treatment because the older they get the ureters grow.This usually happens by the age of 5.

If treatment is needed then antibiotics should be given.

Antibiotics • Antibiotics stop urinary

tract infections from reaching the kidneys.

• Also can be used to prevent urinary tract infections

• Medications: 1) trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 2) trimethoprim 3) Nitrofurantoin

• kidney.niddk.nih.gov

• mayoclinic.com

• medicalnewstoday.com

• My health.alberta.ca

• ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

• Thirdage.com