Vertical Navigation (for PBN) - Eurocontrol · Vertical Navigation (for PBN) David De Smedt...
Transcript of Vertical Navigation (for PBN) - Eurocontrol · Vertical Navigation (for PBN) David De Smedt...
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The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation
Vertical Navigation (for PBN) David De SmedtEUROCONTROL
September 2012
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Navigation Specifications
ICAOICAONAVIGATION NAVIGATION
SPECIFICATIONSSPECIFICATIONS
International NS in Volume II of PBN ManualInternational NS in Volume II of PBN Manual
Designation RNAV 5RNAV 2RNAV 1
Designation RNAV 10
For Oceanic and Remote Continental navigation
applications For En Route & Terminal navigation applications
* Under development
RNP SPECIFICATIONSRNP SPECIFICATIONSRNAV SPECIFICATIONSRNAV SPECIFICATIONS
DesignationRNP with additional requirements to be
determined (e.g. 3D, 4D etc)
Designation
B-RNP 1
RNP AR APCHfor various phases of
flight
RNP 2*
A-RNP*RNP 0.3*
RNP APCH*
Designation RNP 4
For Oceanic & Remote Continental navigation
applications
*
*
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ICAO Recommendations
ICAO (36th Assembly Oct 2007): – States and planning and implementation regional groups
(PIRGs) should complete a PBN implementation plan by 2009 to achieve:
– Implementation of RNAV and RNP operations for en route and terminal areas according to established timelines and intermediate milestones; and
– Implementation of approach procedures with vertical guidance (APV) (Baro-VNAV and/or augmented GNSS) for all instrument runway ends, either as the primary approach or as a back-up for precision approaches by 2016 with intermediate milestones as follows:
• 30% by 2010• 70% by 2014.
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ICAO Recommendations
37th ICAO Assembly (Oct 10):Concerning Approach with Vertical guidance (APV), the resolution added:– implementation of straight-in LNAV only procedures, as
an exception, for instrument runways at aerodromes where there is no local altimeter setting available and where there are no aircraft suitably equipped for APV operations.
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PBN in Europe
VAL +/- 50m (10-7)
/GPS + GBASTBDConcept2012-2015GBAS CAT II/III
/GPS + GBASICAO SARPsConcept2008-2015GBAS CAT I
AMC 20-28GPS + SBAS1
(EGNOS)HAL +/- 40m (10-7)
Implementation2010APV SBAS
AMC 20-27GPS/Baro+/- 0.3NM (95%) Implementation2008APV Baro
AMC 20-26GPSDepends on
required accuracy <0.3NM (95%)
ImplementationIndividual Implement
ation
RNP AR APCH
AMC 20-27GPS+/- 0.3NM (95%) Implementation2006RNP APCH
Approach / Landing
(TGL10 Rev 1)DME/GPS+/- 1NM (95%) Implementation2006+RNAV 1 (≈ P-RNAV)
Arrival / Departure
AMC 20-4VOR/DME/
GPS*/ INS*+/- 5NM (95%) Mandatory 1998RNAV 5 (B-
RNAV)En-Route
EASA Certification
Documentation
Enabling Systems
Required Performance
Current Situation
Target Date
Operational Concept
Flight Phase
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APVs
RNP Approaches - Vertical Guidance
RNP APCHRNP APCH
Lateral Guidance onlyLateral Guidance only WithWith Vertical GuidanceVertical Guidance
LNAVLNAV LPLPLP
Expected to be flown as
CDFA
SBAS supported
Lateral only
LNAV/VNAVLNAV/VNAV LPVLPV
APV-Baro APV-SBAS(SBAS supported
Localiser Performance with vertical guidance)
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200 ft
RNP APCH LNAV/VNAV (APV Baro)
NPA (VOR/DME)
250ft
RNP APCH LNAV (GPS)
NPA (VOR)
ILS and GBAS (CAT I)
NPA (NDB)
300ft350ft
ILS, GBAS & MLS (CAT II/IIII)
Actual minima depends on obstacles around the intended approach path (including approach and missed approach segments of flight)OCH minima is further more limited to 300ft in the case of a NPA runway (NPA lighting for instance)
RNP APCH LP (SBAS)
<200 ft
NPA (LOC only)
RNP APCH LPV (APV SBAS)
Source: EU Ops 1.430
Minimum OCH per Approach Type
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PBN approach terminology versus charting terminology
• RNP APCH =
RNAV (GNSS) or
RNAV (GPS)
• RNP AR = RNAV (RNP)
• (to keep it simple!)
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Chart example
Up to 4 different minima Up to 4 different minima boxes on 1 chart!boxes on 1 chart!
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Conventional NPA
36
18
LATERAL VERTICAL
LOCLOC/DME
VORVOR/DME
NDBNDB/DME
Description System Performance Approach conducted to a MDA/MDH Lateral Guidance based on ground based NAVAIDS As Displayed /
MDA/MDH
FAFFAF
Step Down Fix
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0.3NM (95%)
RNP APCH with CDFALATERAL VERTICAL
Description System Performance
MDA/MDH
Approach conducted to a MDA/MDH Lateral Guidance only based on GPS (with RAIM) GPS (RAIM)
36
18FAFFAF
Minima Line: LNAV
Step Down Fix
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12VNAV: 20-27
Baro VNAV
0.3NM (95%)
GPS
APV Baro ApproachLATERAL VERTICAL
Description System Performance
DA/DH
Approach conducted to Decision Altitude / Height Lateral guidance based on GPS (with RAIM) and vertical guidance based on Baro
GPS (RAIM) and Barometric altimetry
36
18FAFFAF
Minima Line: LNAV/VNAV
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APV SBAS Approach
Description System Performance Approach conducted to a Decision Altitude / Height Lateral and vertical guidance based SBAS GPS + SBAS
HAL: 40m
GPS+
SBAS
LATERAL VERTICAL
DA/DH
36
18FAPFAF
Minima Line: LPV
VAL: 50m
GPS + SBAS
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AMC 20-27 requirements (VNAV)• Multi-sensor system using GNSS approved in accordance with AC20-
130A or ETSO-C115b / TSO-C115b
• GNSS sensor approved in accordance with ETSO-C129 / TSO-C129 Class B1, C1, B3, C3 or ETSO-C145 / TSO-C145 class Beta, operational class 1, 2 or 3
• Air Data Computer (paragraph 6.2.2)
• Nonnumeric vertical deviation display, allowing the fight crew to readily distinguish if the vertical deviation exceeds ±75 feet
• If the nonnumeric display does not permit the fight crew to readily distinguish excessive vertical deviations, the approach must be conducted with the flight director and/or the autopilot and a numeric display should allow the pilot to readily distinguish if the vertical deviation exceeds ±75 feet
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AMC 20-27 requirements
The PANS OPS (ICAO Doc 8186, Volume III) nominal obstacle clearance margin, excluding the additional buffer for abnormal operation, is 246 ft.
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AMC 20-27 certification memo 1/2• EASA CM - AS – 002 Issue 01 Section 7: ACCEPTANCE OF
PREVIOUS DEMONSTRATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH FAA AC 20-129 FOR CREDIT FOR AMC 20-27 AIRWORTHINESS AND OPERATIONAL APPROVAL
The AFM should include a limitation that BARO-VNAV approaches to airfields at elevations above 5000 ft (MSL) are not permitted
• EASA CM - AS – 002 Issue 01 Section 5: THE USE OF GNSS/SBAS GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE AS A SOURCE OF ALTITUDE FOR APPROACHES TO LNAV/VNAV MINIMA
Standalone: ETSO-C146c Class Gamma, operational class 2 or class 3
Integrated: ETSO-C145c class Beta, operational class 2 or class 3
the flight crew should be able to retrieve an approach to LNAV/VNAV minima only when the approach has been appropriately coded, i.e. a GNSS/FMS indicator of ‘A’ in the ARINC 424 coded Navigation Database
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AMC 20-27 certification memo 1/2• EASA CM - AS – 002 Issue 01 Section 6: PROVISIONING OF
STEERING AND MONITORING SIGNALS WITH BAROMETRIC ANGULAR VERTICAL DEVIATIONS AS OPPOSED TO THE LINEAR DEVIATIONS ASSUMED IN AMC 20-27→ alternate means of monitoring to be proposed by applicant
→ project specific Certification Review Item (CRI) will be issued
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AMC 20-28 requirements (LPV)• Status: Comment Review Document (CRD)
• Final Approach Segment
• Standalone: ETSO-C146 Class Gamma, operational class 3
• Integrated: ETSO-C145 class Beta, operational class 3
• Class D: ETSO-C146 Class Delta, operational class 4
• FTE: vertical guidance from 700ft HAT to DA(H) should be stable within ½FSD where FSD=±0.25 x (glide path angle)
→ FTE considered ILS look-alike
• Display of distance to threshold + “Vector to Final” function
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The case for RNP APCH• Safety
– Vertically guided approach allows stabilized approaches with standard crew ops procedures
• Reduces runway excursions caused by unstabilized approach– Improved situation awareness reduces CFIT risk– Reduced pilot workload compared to conventional step-down
approach and CDFA– Better obstacle design criteria
(low temperature protection in LNAV/VNAV procedure design)
• Improved Access– No dependence on ground based Navaids
• Low Cost • Reduced minima
– For example DH as low as 200ft based on SBAS LPV– Potential for straight-in instead of offset approach (due to reduced
obstacle clearance surfaces from RNP and/or lack of navaid siting problems)
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20
IATA-EUROCONTROL survey
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Enhan
ced V
ision
System
(EVS)
LPV S
BASGBAS
FANS 1/A - V
DL Mod
e 2
FANS 1/A H
FDL
Headu
p Disp
lay (H
UD)
ATN - VDL M
ode 2
Electro
nic Flig
ht Bag
(EFB)
FMS WPR
ADS-C
FANS 1/A SatC
om
FANS 1/A - A
CARS VDL M
ode A
Other M
ulti-F
uncti
on D
isplay
(MFD) fi
tted
RNP AR A
pproa
chADS-B
OUT
Fixed R
adius
Transit
ion (F
RT)
APV Baro V
NAV (LNAV - V
NAV)
Requir
ed Tim
e of A
rrival
(RTA)
ARINC 62
3
RNP App
roach
(LNAV)
8kHz3
3 VHF ra
dios
Fixed R
adius
Turn (R
F)
Multi M
ode R
eceiv
er - M
MRRNAV 10
GNSSMODE S
ACARS
RNAV 1 / P
-RNAV
RNAV 5IN
S - IRS
DME - DME po
sition
upda
te
Autothr
ust (A
-THR)
Autopil
ot - F
light
Directo
r VNAVEFIS
Autopil
ot - F
light
Directo
r LNAVFMS
Deg
ree
of E
quip
age
Available Planned Not Available
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LNAV status – 12th September 2012
Nb of minima :Nb of minima :TODAY312 implemented (20%)395 planned (25%)End 2016682 implemented (43%)25 planned (1%)
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LNAV/VNAV status – 12th Sept. 2012
Nb of minima :Nb of minima :TODAY137 implemented (9%)268 planned (17%)End 2016384 implemented (24%)21 planned (1%)
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LPV status – 12th September 2012
Nb of minima :Nb of minima :TODAY21 implemented (1%)353 planned (22%)End 2016337 implemented (21%)37 planned (2%)
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There is a need for support to:• Better understand PBN and RNP APCH• Achieve global approval of GPS usage first• Find a way through ICAO provisions• Get guidance for implementationThis is what the following Support Groups are here for:• ICAO PBN TF• EUROCONTROL RAISGImplementation projects:• co-funded by EUROCONTROL and EC (Aurigny, Beluga, Mielec)• funded by EC/GSA (GIANT, GIANT2, ACCEPTA, FillGAPP, SHERPA)• funded by SESAR JU (5.6.3 and call for interest)• Supported by EUROCONTROL and IATA (e.g. in Greece)
Support to implementation initiatives
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EUROCONTROL PBN Approach Map Tool:
https://extranet.eurocontrol.int/http://prisme-newgis.hq.corp.eurocontrol.int/pbn/
QuestionsQuestions