Vertical ExaggerationVertical Exaggeration

A true profile for A to B on

the map below would

look like Profile One.

With a With a truetrue profile, profile, the vertical and horizontal the vertical and horizontal scales are the samescales are the same. However, as a result it . However, as a result it is difficult to see the differences in slope. is difficult to see the differences in slope. Hence, it is often useful to exaggerate the Hence, it is often useful to exaggerate the profile vertically by using a different vertical profile vertically by using a different vertical scale from the horizontal scale.scale from the horizontal scale.

For instance, using a vertical scale of 1cm represents For instance, using a vertical scale of 1cm represents 0.1km (100m) for the same map, yields Profile Two. 0.1km (100m) for the same map, yields Profile Two. Clearly, it is much easier to see the changes in slope Clearly, it is much easier to see the changes in slope along the profile.along the profile.

How do you find the scales?How do you find the scales?

the vertical scale is the scale on the the vertical scale is the scale on the vertical axis of the cross section. vertical axis of the cross section.

the horizontal scale is the scale of the map the horizontal scale is the scale of the map the map from which the cross section was the map from which the cross section was drawn. - both the VS and HS must use the drawn. - both the VS and HS must use the same units, ie m's or km's. same units, ie m's or km's.

InquiryInquiry

1. Why use VE?1. Why use VE?

2. How do you calculate VE?2. How do you calculate VE?

3. How do you express the VE answer?3. How do you express the VE answer?

4. What does the number mean?4. What does the number mean?

How to calculate VE?How to calculate VE?

Interpret the vertical scale and find what Interpret the vertical scale and find what one cm represents in metres eg 1/20one cm represents in metres eg 1/20Find the map scale (this is called the Find the map scale (this is called the horizontal scale) eg 1:100,000 and convert horizontal scale) eg 1:100,000 and convert this into metres = 1/1000this into metres = 1/1000

VE = VS/HS, so, 1/20 divided by 1/1000VE = VS/HS, so, 1/20 divided by 1/1000 Invert the denominator (because to divide Invert the denominator (because to divide

fractions you invert then multiply) fractions you invert then multiply) 1/20 x 1000/1 = 501/20 x 1000/1 = 50

What does the answer mean?What does the answer mean?

To accurately interpret a cross-sectional profile To accurately interpret a cross-sectional profile we need to determine how much exaggeration we need to determine how much exaggeration has occurred. To do this we measure how much has occurred. To do this we measure how much the vertical axis has been exaggerated the vertical axis has been exaggerated compared with its actual shape. This is called compared with its actual shape. This is called vertical exaggeration. vertical exaggeration.

It means that the cross sectional profile has It means that the cross sectional profile has been exaggerated 50 times. This allows been exaggerated 50 times. This allows Geographers to see a side on Profile of the key Geographers to see a side on Profile of the key cultural and natural features from a map.cultural and natural features from a map.

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